Friends Service Council Nepal (FSCN) · FRIENDS SERVICE COUNCIL NEPAL "Solidarity and Commitment...

49k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfn


FRIENDS SERVICE COUNCIL NEPAL"Solidarity and Commitment for Social Change"

IntroductionFriends Service Council Nepal (FSCN) is a non-profi t making na onal level, non-government organiza on working on socio-economic development and human rights in Nepal. FSCN aims to fi ght against poverty and injus ce through empowerment of the poor and marginalized people living in diffi cult circumstances. Registered in 1991, under the Government registra on act, and affi liated with Social Welfare Council and NGO Federa on of Nepal, its central offi ce is based in Lalitpur district. FSCN is run by a team of commi ed professionals with many years of experience.

Values:• Empathy with poor and marginalized people• Respect for gender & diversity• Share and care• Advocacy for the poor and marginalized people.

Vision:A safe, secure, self-reliant and empowered society in which people’s rights are ensured

Mission:To play role to transform Nepalese society through sustainable, par cipatory and right based approach of development, good governance, socio-economic empowerment, capacity enhancement and disaster risk reduc on.

Objectives:• To empower marginalized groups for social

change and jus ce through awareness and capacity building.

• To increase livelihood op ons and food security of the right holders through sustainable agriculture

• To promote health, water, sanita on and hygiene situa on of the right holders

• To increase community resilience to cope with disaster and climate change adapta on

• To play role to promote human rights and good governance

Key Programs:• Disaster risk reduc on• Health, water, sanita on and hygiene• Livelihood and food security• Gender equality and social inclusion• Climate change adapta on• Environmental awareness• Youth development• Women and children development• Human rights, governance and democracy.

Approach & StrategiesFSCN adopts three pronged approach1) Social ac on at community/VDC level,2) Lobby and advocacy at district level and3) Policy infl uence at na onal level.

Specific approach and strategies are:• Par cipatory, gender equality & social inclusion

(GESI)• Rights based• Sustainability• Assets, skills and knowledge pass on• Integrated• Local resources mobiliza on/social mobiliza on• Capacity building and ins tu onal development• Poverty focused• Environment friendly/disaster risk reduc on• Partnership, linkage, coordina on and

networking.

Friends Service Council Nepal (FSCN)Imadol 7, Lalitpur | PO. Box 12734, Kathmandu, Nepal | Tel /Fax: 01-5201497,

E-mail: [email protected] | Website: www.fscnepal.org


k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnsf]

rf}dfl;s k|sfzg

k|]mG8\; kq

;Nnfxsf/

;"o{ axfb'/ yfkf8f= pdf sf]O/fnf

dfwjL k|wfg

;Dkfbs

hgfb{g cfrfo{gf/fo0f k|;fb cfrfo{

ljz]if ;xof]uL

lji0f' k|;fb ltldlN;gf

k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnkf]=a=g+= !@&#$, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn

kmf]g÷k\mofS;M (&&–!–%@)!$(&

Odf8f]n–&, nlntk'/

email: [email protected]: www.fscnepal.org

?kGb]xL clkm;xf]/fOhg rf]s, a'6jn

d'b|sl8«d u|flkms k|];

yfkfynL, sf7df8f}+

o; leq========;DkfbsLo @

k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf ;'/lIft kfgL / dnd"q Joj:yfkgsf] dxTj / dfkb08x?

#

vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hgcleofg kl/of]hgf— t];|f] r/0f

*

k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] ;dLIffTds j}7s ;DkGg !@

lhNnf :t/Lo kl/of]hgf cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L !#

uflj; tyf gu/kflnsf :t/Lo kl/of]hgf cled"lvs/0f uf]i7L !%

e"sDkLo hf]lvd ;DaGwL sfo{zfnf uf]i7L !^

;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L, ;b:o tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ kl/of]hgf cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L

!^

k"0f{ ;/;kmfO cleofgdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf ljifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

!&

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k"0f{;/;kmfO k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd !*

;+:yfut /0fgLlt Pj+ sfo{ of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7L !(

;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;'zf;g tyf Ifdtfclej[l4 kl/of]hgf ;+lIfKt kl/ro

@)

sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ kl/of]hgf cled"lvs/0f tyf of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L @@

;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf d"Nofª\sgsf] k|lzIf0f @#

;+:yfsf] !^cf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg @$

ljZj kfgL lbjzsf] cj;/df cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg @%

;g\ @)!& ;Dd ;a}sfnflu cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] /fli6«o nIfdf xfdL sxf“ 5f} < ljifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg

@&

uflj; / gu/kflnsf :t/df vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ sfo{zfnf uf]li7 ;DkGg

@(

t]x| j“'b] 3f]if0ff ;lxt l8dfgsf] dxflwj]zg ;DkGg #!

lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df lgb{]lzsf, @)^( #$


klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgjf6 g]kfnL hgtfn] ;+ljwfg k|fKt gu/]kl5 cj g]kfnL hgtf bf];|f] ;+ljwfg ;efsf]

lgjf{rgsf] kvf{Odf /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] Wofg cj lgs6 eljiodf x'g uO/x]sf] r'gfjtkm{ s]lGb|t

e}/x]sf] 5 . kfgL, ;/;kmfO / ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL d'2fnfO{ o; cj;/df phfu/ u/L /fhgLlts bnx?jf6

;Daf]wg u/fpg dxTjk"0f{ cj;/ ;d]t ePsf] 5 .

kfgL / ;/;kmfO dfgj hLjgsf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] . z'4 kfgL / ;/;kmfOdf plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsPdf dflg;nfO{ nfUg] *)Ü k|ltzt /f]ux?af6 arfpg ;lsG5 . o;af6 dflg;x?sf] :jf:Yo k|j4{gdf ;xof]u k'Ug hfg'sf] ;fy} :jf:Yo If]qdf vlr{g' kl//x]sf] 7"nf] wg/fl; art x'guO{ cGo dfgljo ljsf;sfo{df nufpg ;lsg] cj:yf 5 .

;'/lIft kfgL / ;/;kmfO dflg;sf] hLjg, c;n :jf:Yo / ;Ddfgsf] nflu cTofjZos ljifo ePsf]n] o;nfO{ cfwf/e"t dfgjclwsf/ / dfgjLo ;jfnsf] ?kdf x]l/G5 . g]kfndf cem} klg cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgLdf !%Ü k|ltzt / cfwf/e"t ;/;kmfO -rkL{_ sf kx'Fr gePsf hg;+Vof #*Ü /x]sf 5g\ . ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL / k"0f{ ;/;kmfOdf lgs} sd g]kfnL hgtfsf] kx'Frdf 5 .

cWoog cg';f/ g]kfn hn k|sf]ksf] b[li6n] #) cf}F / e"sDksf] b[li6«n] !! cf}+, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] b[li6n] rf}yf] hf]lvdk"0f{ b]zsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . o;}n] g]kfndf s'g} klg ;dodf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ljkb\ cfOkg]{ cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . ljkb\sf] cj:yfdf ;'/lIft kfgL / ;/;kmfO Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL r]tgf / 7f]; of]hgf xfdL;Fu lgtfGt cefj 5 . To; kl/l:yltdf kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] plrt Joj:yfkg gePsf sf/0f lgDtg] ljsf/fn /f]uJofwsf ;d:ofnfO{ clxn] xfdLn] Vofn u/]gf} / xfd|f jt{dfgsf of]hgf / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x? k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] lbzftkm{ lglb{i6 ePgg eg] xfdL s'g} klg ;dodf eo+s/ ljkb\ / To;jf6 ;[hgf x'g] ;d:ofx?sf] ;xg ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] 5 . o;n] xfd|f] ;Eotf / k|lti7fdf u+le/ cFfr k'–ofpg]5 eg] csf]{ tkm{ 7"nf] dfqfdf hgwgsf] Iflt j]xf]g'{kg]{ x'G5 .

g]kfn clxn] u+le/ /fhg}lts df]8df plePsf] 5 . klxnf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgn] ljwflosf ;+;bsf] ;d]t clwsf/ k|fKt ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfg t lbg ;s]g g} kfgL, ;/;kmfO / k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;DjGwdf pko'Qm gLtL tyf sfg"gx?sf] lgdf{0f klg ug{ ;s]g . ;+ljwfg ;efsf] csf]{ lgjf{rg xfd|f ;fd' glhlsb} 5 . lgjf{rgdf efu lng] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] r'gfjL d'2f / k|ltj4tfdf ;'/lIft kfgL, ;/;kmfO, ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, Joj:yfkg / hghLjLsfsf ;jfn tkm{ s]lGb|t u/fpg cfjZos 5 . o; cj;/df /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ cfˆgf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf ;'/lIft kfgL, k"0f{ ;/;kmfO, ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, Joj:yfkg / hghLjLsfsf ;jfndf cfˆgf] k|ltj4tf hgfpg cfjZos 5 . dfgj clwsf/, dfgjLo ;Ddfg / k|lti7fsf] ljifo /x]sf] dfgj hLjgsf]

cfwf/e"t cfjZostf leqsf] :jR5 kfgL / k"0f{ ;/;kmfOsf] cj:yfk|lt k|ltj4tf ghgfpg] /fhgLlts bnx? Hfgtfsf] hLjg,:jf:Yo, / dof{bfsf lj/f]wL g} x'g eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug' cfd dtbftf gful/ssf] jfWotf x'g]5 .

o;}n] cfd /fhgLlts bn / dtbftfdf ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL, k"0f{ ;/;kmfO, ljkb\ Joj:yfkg / lbuf] ljsf;sf If]qdf ;r]t / k|ltj4 /xg cfu|x 5 . o; If]qdf k|ltj4 lqmofzLn /fhgLlts bn ltgsf pDd]bjf/ / cfd dtbftfx?df

ljhosf] cu|Ld z'esfdgf Û

;DkfbsLo


k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf ;'/lIft kfgL / dnd"q Joj:yfkgsf] dxTj / dfkb08x?

kfgL, ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf dfgj hLjgsf] clt cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] . ;'/lIft kfgL vfg gkfpbf / v'nf dnd"qsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ge} c:jR5tfsf sf/0f dfgj :jf:Yodf u+le/ k|efj kb{5 . dflg;df nfUg] /f]ux? dWo] *)Ü /f]ux? kfgL / ;/;kmfOhGo /f]ux? x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . o;jf6 dflg;sf] 7"nf] hgwgsf] gf]S;fgL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOhGo /f]ux?jf6 clxn] klg g]kfndf k|ltjif{ kfFr jif{ d'lgsf bzxhf/ kfFr ;o aRrfx?sf] csfndf d[To' x'g] u/]sf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . To;}n] ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfO dflg;sf] jfFRg kfpg] clwsf/;+u hf]8LPsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifo xf] .

k|sf]k jf ljkb\ eGg] ljlQs} crfgs s'g} 36gf 36]/ lglDtg] ljkQLsf] cj:yf eGg] a'lemG5 . k|sf]k zAbn] k|fs[lts jf dfgj lgld{t k|sf]k b'j}nfO{ hgfp5 . o;nfO{ b}jL k|sf]k eg]/ ;d]t j'lemg] ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . k|sf]kn] hgwgsf] Iflt k'¥ofO{ dfgj hLjgdf k|lts"n c;/ kfb{5 . e"sDk , cfunfuL, cfFlwj]x/L, af9L, klx/f], cltj[li6, clgsfn, dxfdf/L, cf}Bf]lus b'w{6gf, lj:kmf]6g, cGob'3{6gfsf cflb sf/0f dfgj hLjgdf ljkb\ cfOk5{ . cs:dft cfOkg]{ o:tf ljkb\sf] cj:yfn] dfgj hghLjgnfO{ c:tJo:t kfb{5 .

k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf dflg;sf] ;'/Iff, vfgf, n'ufkmf6f], cfjf;, vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO cf}ifwL pkrf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;]jf h:tf dfgj hLjgdf geO{ gx'g] cfjZostfsf] cefj /xG5 . ljkb\n] e}/x]sf] dfgj j:tLsf] ;f}Gbo{tfnfO{

etfe'Ë kfl/lbPsf] x'G5 . k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf ;j} s'/f c:tJo:t x'g]

xF'bf ;'/lIft kfgL / ;/;kmfOdf Wofg k'u]sf] x'b}g . kfgLsf] tTsfn plrt k|jGw gul/Pdf hnpTkGg tyf ;/;kmfO ;DjGwL /f]ux? km}ng uO{ yk csf]{ /f]uJoflb / ljkb\sf] cj:yf ef]Ug kg]{ x'G5 . hnpTkGg /f]ux? x}hf, emf8fkvfnf,cfFp, sdnlkQ P, emf8fjfGtf, ;fNdf]g]nf]l;;, 6fOkmfO6,

Kof/f6fOkmfO6, hfol8{ofl;;, kf]lnof], /f]6fefO/;, 5fnf tyf cfFvfdf ;+qmd0f h'd|fAff6 pTkGg x'g] 6fOkm; tyf l/NoflK;Ë lkmj/ cflb x'g\ . hndf cfwfl/t l;:6f]ldcfl;, lugLjd{, Snf]gf]ls{cfl;; cflb dnd"qjf6 pTkGg

lji0f'k|;fb ltldlN;gfdxf;lrj

/fli6«o k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;~hfn g]kfn -l8dfg_

æ

Æ

k|sf]k Joj:yfkgdf kfgL / ;kmfO Joj:yfkgsf] sfd dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifo dfq ge} of] Ps dxTjk"0f{ cfTd;'/Iff / dfgjtfjfbL sfo{ ;d]t xf] eGg ;lsG5 .


x'g] h'sf x'sjd{, lXjkjd{ cfbL ufO{ tyf ;'Fu'/sf] df;'af6 pTkGg x'g] 6flgcfl;; / hn;DjGwL ls6f0f' cf}nf], 8]+Ë', lgb|fsf] /f]u, xfQLkfOn] cflb /f]u tyf /f]usf ls6f0f'x?sf] pTkfbg c;'/lIft kmf]x/ kfgL / v'nf dnd"qjf6 g} x'g] ub{5g\ . k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf ;'/lIft Go"gtd cfjZos ;'/lIft kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ / cfwf/e"t ;/;kmfOsf] ?kdf dnd"q cyf{t lb;f lk;fj lj;h{gsf] plrt Joj:yfsf] k|jGw gul/Pdf o:tf dxfdf/L /f]ux?sf] ;d:of lglDtg] lglZrt x'G5 . ljkb\sf] b'v, kL8f, /f]bg / k'g:yfkgsf nflu ;+wif{sf] 38Ldf /f]usf] ;qmd0fn] c:tJo:t kf/]df l:ylt emg} bb{gfs / kL8fbfoL x'G5 . o; ljifodf u+le/ / ;+j]bgzLn /xg ;j}sf nflu h?/L x'G5 lsgls o:tf] k|sf]ksf] 36gfdf s'g} lbg d / d]/f] kl/jf/df ;d]t kg]{ cjZoDefjL 5 . o;}n] k|sf]ksf] Joj:yfkgdf kfgL / ;kmfOsf] Joj:yfkgsf] sfd dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifo dfq ge} of] Ps dxTjk"0f{ cfTd;'/Iff / dfgjtfjfbL sfo{ ;d]t xf] eGg ;lsG5 .

lgh{nLs/0fjf6 x'g] d[To'jf6 /f]sfyfd ug{, hnpTkGg /f]usf] vt/f 36fpg tyf JolQm tyf 3/]n' ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yo ;DjGwL cfjZostfx? k"lt{ ug{ kof{Kt ;'/lIft kfgLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . ;/;kmfOn]

dnd"q Joj:yfkg, /f]ujflxgL lgoGq0f, kmf]x/d}nf

Joj:yfkg tyf 9n lgsf;nfO{ hgfpF5 . ;'/lIft kfgL / ;/;kmfO dflg;sf] :jf:Yo, cfjf;, vfgf;Fu hf]l8Psf] cfjZos k|Tofe"ltsf] Pp6f c+zsf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf kfgL / ;/;kmfO

Joj:yfkgsf] d"n p2]Zo dfgj :jf:Yosf] ;+/If0fsf nflu :t/Lo JolQmut jf jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yosf] ;Dj4{g ug'{ g} /x]sf] x'G5 . o;}n] kfgL / ;/;kmfO

;DjGwL xs dflg;sf] ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] dfgj clwsf/;+u hf]8Psf] xs xf] eGg ;lsG5 .

k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf dfgjLo cfjZostf / o;sf] ;jf]{RrtfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/L o;jf6 pTkGg x'g] dfgjLo b'v / kL8fnfO{ d]6fpg jf sd ug{ ;s]];Dd ;j} k|sf/sf sbd rfNg' x/]s /fHosf] cfˆgf hgtf k|ltsf] st{Jo x'g cfpF5 . dfgjLo l;4fGtn] ljkb\sf] cj:yfdf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx? k|fKt ug{ kfpg' k|sf]k lk8Ltx?sf] xs clwsf/sf] ?kdf ;Ddfg ub{5 .

;g\ !((& df tof/ ul/Psf] dfgjtfjfbL 3f]if0ffkq tyf k|sf]k ;xfotf;DjGwL Go"gtd dfkb08n] k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf k|fyldstfsf % j6f If]q lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . h;df kfgL / ;/;kmfOnfO{ dxTjsf ;fy ;d]6]sf] kfOG5 . k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] cfjZostf / dxTjnfO{ j'em]/ g} pQm 3f]if0fkqdf cGt/lglxt l;4fGt / clwsf/x?nfO{ Jojxf/df cleJoQm ug{sfnflu o; ;DjGwL Go"gtd dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] xf] . oL dfkb08n] k|sf]k kLl8tx?sf] hLjg tyf ;Ddfg sfod /fVg ;jf{lws cfwf/e"t cfjZostf;+u ;DjGw /fVb5g\ . dfgjtfjfbL 3f]if0fkqdf k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ / dnd"q Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL] lgDg cg';f/ dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

!=kfgLsf] cfk'lt{

dfkb08 ! M kx'Fr tyf kfgLsf] kl/0ffd– ;j}

JolQmsf] lkpg, vfgf ksfpg, tyf JolQmut / ufx{:y k|of]usfnflu kof{Kt kfgLdf ;'/lIft tyf ;dfg kx'Fr x'g'kb{5 . ;fj{hlgs 3f/fx? kfgL ;DjGwL Go"gtd

cfjZostf k"/f ug{ ;dy{ x'g] u/L kl/jf/sf] ;Sbf] glhs /xg'k5{ . o;sfnflu k|d'v ;"rsx? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ M

cf};tdf sDtLdf !% ln6/ kfgL k|lt JolQm k|ltlbg k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] x'g]5 .


3/kl/jf/jf6 lgs6td wf/fsf] clwstd b'/L %)) dL6/ ePsf], kfgLsf] ;|f]tdf nfd nfUg] ;do !% ldg]6 eGbf j9L x'g] 5}g .

@) ln6/sf] efF8f]df kfgL eg{ tLg dLg]6eGbf j9L ;do nfUb}g / kfgLsf ;|f]t tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnLx?af6 lg/Gt/ jf lgoldt ¿kdf kof{Kt kfgL kfpg] u/L ;Def/ ul/G5g\ .

dfkb08 @M kfgLsf] u'0f:t/– kfgL :jflbi6 / lkpg of]Uo u'0f:t/sf] 5 tyf :jf:YonfO{ vf;} vt/f gx'g] u/L JolQmut tyf 3/]n' :jf:Yosfnflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o; dfkb08sf k|d'v ;"rsx? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ M

;/;kmfO ;DjGwL ;j]{If0fn] dnd"qjf6 k|b"if0f x'g] vt/f sd /x]sf] ;+s]t u5{ ,

kfgL ljt/0f x'g] ljGb'df k|lt !)) ldln ln6/ kfgLdf lb;flk;fjjf6 pTkGg x'g] sf]lnkmd{ -z"nh:tf] k]6sf] u8j8L jf ljsf/ u/fpg] lhjf0f'_ /lxt 5 .

dflg;x? cGo ;lhn} kfO{g] kfgLsf] ;|f]tjf6 k|fKt kfgL eGbf ;'/lIft jf pkrf/ ul/Psf] ;|f]taf6 kfgL lkpg ?rfpF5g\ .

kfgL ;+sngkl5sf] k|b"if0f 36fpg] sbdx? rflnPsf 5g\ .

wf/f jf cGo ;|f]tjf6 cfpg] kfgLsf] xsdf vt/fsf] cj:yfdf cyjf emf8fkvnf

rn]sf] a]nfdf kfgLnfO{ sL6f0f'gfzs cf}ifwL k|of]u u/L ;kmf ul/G5 . o;n] ubf{ wf/fdf k|lt ln6/ )=% dLlnu|fd Snf]l/g y]lu|g kfpFb}g . ;fy} wldnf]kg % Pg=l6=o" eGbf sd

/xG5 . /f;folgs jf /]8Lof]wdL{ ;|f]tx?jf6 k|b"lift kfgLsf] cNksfnLg k|of]un] :jf:Yo ;DjGwL s'g} gsf/fTds c;/ b]lvPsf] 5}g / d"NofÍgn] To:tf] b'ik|efjsf] s'g} jlnof] ;Defjgf g/x]sf] b]vfpF5 .

dfkb08 #M kfgLsf] pkof]u ug]{ ;'ljwf Pj+ ;fdu|Lx?–dflg;nfO{ lkpg, vfgf ksfpg tyf JolQmut :jf:Yosf nflu kfgL ;+sng, e08f/0f tyf k|of]u ug]{ kof{Kt dfqfdf kfgL pknJw tyf vkt gx"'~h]n;Dd lkpg] kfgL ;'ljwf 5 egL ;'lglZrt ug{ kof{Kt ;'ljwf tyf cfk"lt{ ul/Psf] 5 . o; dfkb08sf ;"rsx? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ M

x/]s 3/kl/jf/df ;w} kfgL pknJw 5 egL ;'lglZrt ug{ !)–!@ ln6/sf kfgL eg]{ ;kmf efF8f sDtLdf @ j6f / ;kmf kfgL e08f/0f ug]{ oy]i6 efF8fx? 5g\ .

kfgL ;+sng tyf ;+ro ug]{ ef8f]df ;fu'l/b} uPsf 3fF6L /÷jf 9Ssg jf kfgL ;+ro ug]{ , tfGg] jf rnfpg] cGo ;'/lIft ;fwgx? b]lvg] u/L k|of]udf 5g\ .

JolQmut :jf:Yo k|of]hgsf nflu k|ltJolQm k|lt dlxgfsf] lglDt slDtdf @%) u|fd ;fj'g pknJw 5 .

g'xfpgsf nflu ;fd'bflos ;'ljwf cfjZos kg]{ 7fpFdf g'xfpg] sf]7fx? k'?if / dlxnfsf nflu 5'6\6f 5'6\6} kof{Kt dfqfdf pknJw 5g\ .

tL ;xL / ;dfg ?kdf pknJw x'G5g\ .

n'uf w'gsf nflu ;fd'bflos ;'ljwf rflxg] 7fpFdf k|lt !)) JolQmsf nflu sDtLdf Pp6f n'uf w'g] :yfg / dlxnfsf nflu leqL tyf


;/;kmfOsf -:oflg6/L_ nflu n'ufw'g tyf ;'sfpg uf]Ko :yfg pknJw 5g\ .

@= dnd"q Joj:yfkg

dflg;sf] dnd"qn] k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ?kdf /f]u ;+qmd0f km}nfpg] sfd ub{5 . dnd"qsf] ;'/lIft Joj:yfkgjf6 dfq o;jf6 ;[hgf x'g] /f]uJofwL sd ug{ ;lsG5 . o;}n] k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf dnd"qsf] Joj:yfkg Ps k|d'v k|fyldstfsf] ljifo x'g uPsf] 5 . k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf lb;flk;fjsf] pko'Qm ;'ljwf Joj:yfkg ug'{ dflg;x?sf] ;Ddfg, ;'/Iff, :jf:Yo tyf sNof0fsf] lglDt Ps dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ xf] . dfgjtfjfbL 3f]if0fkqdf dnd"q Joj:yfkgsf dfkb08 / k|d'v ;"rsx? lgDg jdf]lhd pNn]v ePsf 5g\ .

dfkb08 !M zf}rfnox?df kx'Fr tyf ltgsf] ;+Vof–dflg;sf nflu ltgsf] lgjf; glhs} /ftlbg h'g;'s} ;dodf klg l56f],;'/lIft tyf dfGo tl/sfn] k|of]u ug{ ;'ljwf x'g] u/L kof{Kt ;+Vofdf zf}rfno x'g'k5{ . o;sf k|d'v ;"rsx? lgDg jdf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ .

a9Ldf @) JolQmn] Pp6f zf}rfno k|of]u u5{g\ .

zf}rfnox?sf] k|of]u 3/ kl/jf/ jdf]lhd ldnfOPsf] / ÷jf ;f] lnË cg';f/ 5'6\ofOPsf 5g\ .

;fj{hlgs :yn - ahf/ ljt/0f s]Gb|,:jf:Yo s]Gb| cflb _ x?df dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf nflu

5'6\6f5'66} zf}rfno pknJw 5g\ .

;fj{hlgs zf}rfnox?sf] ;kmfO tyf ;+Def/

nlIft ;j} pkef]Qmfn] k|of]u ug]{ u/L ul/G5 .

zf}rfnox? cToGt :j:ys/ 9+un] k|of]u

ul/G5 / s]6fs]6Lsf] lb;f tTsfn / :j:y tj/n] Jojl:yt ul/G5 .

dfkb08 @M zf}rfnox?sf] 9fFrf lgdf{0f tyf k|of]u—zf}rfnox?sf] :yfg lgwf{/0f, 9fFrf, lgdf{0f tyf ;Def/ cf/fdbfoL, :j:ys/ tyf ;'/lIft tl/sfn] k|of]u x'g] ul/G5 . o;sf k|d'v ;"rsx? lgDg jdf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ .

pkef]Qmfx? -vf;ul/ dlxnfx?_ ;Fu ;Dks{ ul/G5 / ltgn] zf}rfnosf] :yfg lgwf{/0f, 9fFrf lgwf{/0f tyf 9fFrfaf/] ;xdlt hgfpF5g\ .

zf}rfnosf 9fFrf, lgdf{0f tyf :yfg lgDg jf ljz]iftf;fy lgwf{l/t x'G5 .

— ltlgx?sf] 9fFrf jfnjflnsf, a[4,ue{jtL dlxnf tyf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ?kn] czQm JolQm nufot ;j} hg;d'bfon] k|of]u ug]{ u/L jgfOG5 .

— zf}rfnosf] lgdf{0f:yn pkef]Qmfx?,

vf;u/L dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfx?n] lbg/ft k|of]u ubf{ x'g] vt/f sd kfg]{ u/L tf]lsG5 .

— ltgLx?sf] k|of]u ug{ u/fpg ;kmf /fVg lgs} ;lhnf] 5 / ltgn] :jf:YonfO{ s'g} vt/f k|:t't ub}{g .

— ltgn] pkef]Qmfsf dfGotf cg';f/ s]xL dfqdf uf]klgotf k|bfg ub{5g\ .

— ltgdf dlxnfx?sf] dfl;s wd{ ePsf] a]nf ;/;kmfOsf] Joj:yf ug{ ldNg'sf]

;fy} dlxnfx?nfO{ ;f] ;DjGwL n'ufkmf6f w'g tyf ;'sfpg cfjZos uf]klgotf


k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

— ltgn] lem+uf tyf nfdv'6\6]sf] k|hggnfO{ Go"g u5{ .

lb;f kvfNg kfgLsf] k|of]u ug]{ tyf ÷jf :jf:Yoj4{s l;n k|of]u ;lxt lgdf{0f ul/Psf ;a} zf}rfnox?df kof{Kt tyf lgoldt kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ x'G5 .

vfN6] rkL{ tyf ;f]Vtfx? -clwsf+z df6fsf nflu_ e"ldut kfgLsf] ;|f]t eGbf sDtLdf #) dL6/ 6f9f 5g\ . s'g}klg rkL{sf] tNnf] efu kfgLsf] ;txeGbf sDtLdf !=% dL6/ dfly x'g'k5{ . 9n tyf rkL{sf] k|0ffnLaf6 lg:s]sf] r'xfj6 s'g} klg ;txL jf sd ulx/f] hldg d'lgsf] kfgLsf] ;|f]tdf ldl;g k'Ug' x'b}g .

dflg;sf] lb;f lk;fj ul/;s]kl5 / vfgf vfg' / vfgf ksfpg' clw xft w'G5g\ .

dflg;n] pko'Qm eP cfkm\gf zf}rfno :jo+ lgdf{0f , ;+Def/ tyf ;kmfO ug{ pks/0f tyf ;/;kmfO k|bfg ul/G5 .

cWoog cg';f/ g]kfn hn pTkGg k|sf]ksf] b[li6n] #) cfF} / e"sDksf] b[li6«n] !! cf}+, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] b[li6«n] rf}yf] hf]lvdk"0f{ b]zsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL;Fusf] ;Eotf / hLjg hf]l8Psf] lxdfn kUnb} hfg' / lxdklx/f] hfg] qmddf lg/Gt/tf / lxdtfn km'6\g] vt/fdf k'u]sf 5g\ . kxf8df e"'sDk, k}/f] e"–Ifosf] 8/nfUbf] cj:yf / t/fOdf /x]sf] r'/]sf] kxf8 eTsfO clgolGqt ¿kdf j9\b} uPsf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] cJojl:yt bf]xgjf6 t/fO d?e"lds/0f x'b} jf9Lklx/f]sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ lxdfn kxf8 / t/fO{df s'g} klg j]nf k|sf]kx? 36g] ;Defljt 8/nfUbf] cjZoDefjL t:jL/ xfd|f] ;fd' /x]sf] 5 . o;}n] ljsf;sf x/]s lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ k|sf]ksf] Go"gLs/0fsf] b[li6n] Vofn ug{sf] ;fy} o;jf6 pTkGg x'g;Sg] hf]lvdnfO{ ;d]t Go"gLs/0f ug{sfnflu lhDd]jf/ jGg'k5{ . ljkb\sf] cj:yf cfO{xfn] To;nfO{ plrt Joj:yfkgsf nflu k"j{ tof/L cfjZos /xG5 . k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df ;'/lIft kfgL / dnd"q Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ tTsfn cToGt cfjZos / dfgj hLjgsf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/;Fu ;d]t cGt/ ;DjlGwt dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifo ePsf]n] o;sf] Joj:yfkgdf plrt Wofg lbg cfjZos 5 .

k|sf]k kLl8tnfO{ ;/sf/n] lbg] ;xof]u bfg geP//fHosf] bfloTj tyf kLl8tsf] clwsf/ xf] .

;'/lIft ;fy af“Rg kfpg' xfd|f] clwsf/ xf] .

:jf:Yo / ;/;kmfOsf nflu ;r]t / ;+ul7t agf}+ .


vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hgcleofg kl/of]hgf— t];|f] r/0f

kl/ro M

k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfn / simavi, The Netherlands sf] ;xsfo{df ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf % uf=la=;=x? b]jbx, s]/jfgL, dqmx/, s/lxof / l;S6xg df ;g\ 2007 hgj/L b]lv 2008 l8;]Da/ ;Dd ;~rflnt @ jif]{ kl/of]hgf / ;f]xL uflj;x?df ;g\ 2009 dfr{ b]lv 2012 ck|]n;Dd ;~rflnt # jif]{ ævfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hgcleofg ( People Campaign for Water , Sanitation and Health – PCWaSH ) Æ kl/of]hgfsf] k|yd / bf];|f] r/0fsf] ;kmntf kZrft laleGg ;dodf ul/Psf] bft[ ;+:yf / ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifbsf] cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍgsf] ;fy} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt , lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, PCWaSH ;ldlt tyf pk;ldlt ;lxtsf] ;xeflutfdf ePsf] ;xeflutfd"ns d"NofÍg Pj+ ;xeflutfd"ns :j—;dLIff / of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Ldf ;d]t Aofks 5nkmn kZrft sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbg'kg]{ lgisif{ cg'?k pk/f]Qm % ;DalGwt uf=la=;=x? / a'6jn gu/kflnsfdf ;d]t sfo{s|d

;+rfng ug]{ p2]Zo cg'?k ;g\ 2012 cS6'a/ b]lv # jif]{ ævfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hgcleofg kl/of]hgf t]>f] r/0fÆ ;'? ePsf] 5 . h;sf] d"n p2]Zo ;d'bfodf :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfOsf] If]qdf hgr]tgf / Ifdtf clea[l4 ub}{ vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO, :jR5tf / :jf:Yosf] lbuf] lasf;sf nflu vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO, :jR5tf / :jf:Yo ;xsf/Lsf] ( WASH Cooperative ) u7g / kl/rfng u/]/ :yfgLo :t/af6} vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] cleofgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ug'{ xf] .

o; cjwf/0fnfO{ ;+rfng ug'{ k"j{ ;DalGwt % uflj;x?df cfwf/e"t ;e]{If0f ( Base line survey ) klg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;e]{If0fsf] l;nl;nfdf lh=la=;=?kGb]xL, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;a l8lehg sfof{no tyf D -WASH - CC ?kGb]xL, lhNnf


;xsf/L l8lehg sfof{no, PCWaSH ;ldlt tyf pk;ldltx?, uflj;df ls|ofzLn ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? / WASH sf] If]qdf sfo{/t Joj;foLx?;+usf] larf/, ;Nnfx / ;'emfjx?nfO{ o; kl/of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

xfdL uj{ ;fy :d/0f u/fpg rfxfG5f} ls kl/of]hgf cGt{ut ;g\ @))& hgj/Lsf] z'?jftdf uflj; ;lrjsf] cWoIftf / ;DalGwt uflj;sf x]Nykf]i6 OGrfh{, :yfgLo /fhg}lts bn, jg pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, cfdf ;d"x, lzIfs , :yfgLo ;dfhsf cu'jfx?x?sf]

k|ltlglwTj /xg] u/L ;+:yf4f/f u7g ul/Psf]

:yfgLo ;+u7gfTds ;+:yfut ;ldlt tyf sfof{Gjg k|lqmof / ;f]xL cg'¿k /fli6«o :t/b]lv :yfgLo :t/ ;Dd vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] cleofgsf] nflu

x'g' kg]{ ;+u7gfTds ;+:yfut ;ldltx?sf] af/]df ;+:yfn] :yfgLo tx b]lv /fli6o tx ;Dd ;do ;dodf jsfnt tyf k}/jL klg ub}{ cfO/x]sf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 @)^* c;f]h !@ ut] vfg]kfgL , ;/;kmfO / :jR5tfsf] k|a{4{g Pj+ sfof{jGog ug{sf]

nflu nfu' ul/Psf] /fli6«o ;/;kmfO u'? of]hgf -

@)^* df klg ;f]xL ;+u7gfTds ;+:yfut 9frfFnfO{ cuffn]sf] 5 .

:jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO x/]s AolQm / 3/kl/jf/sf] nflu clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . ;Eo ;dfhsf] klxrfg xf] cyf{t ;/;kmfO ;Eotfsf] P]gf xf] / kmf]xf]/ k5f}6]kgsf] k|tLs klg xf] . To;}n] o;nfO{ s'g} Ps AolQm, ;+:yf / lgsfo ljz]ifdf l;dLt g/fvL x/]s If]qaf6 ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo ub}{ cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutsf ;fy :yfgLo :t/af6} ;+:yfut cleofgsf] ?kdf ;zQm

9+Ën] +sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg' clt cfjZos /xG5 . t;y{ o; PCWaSH -III Phase sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;f]xL cjwf/0ff cg';f/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ nIo Pj+

p2]Zosf ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/of]hgfsf] nIo M

vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO :jf:Yo, / ;DaGwL

ls|ofsnfkx?nfO{ hg:t/af6 lbuf] ?kdf cleofgsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu :yfgLo ;d'bfo / ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ub}

;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yo (WASH) ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .


kl/of]hgfsf p2]Zox? M

!= /fli6«o ;/;kmfO u'? of]hgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf nIo tyf p2]Zox? k|fKt ug{sf nflu vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO (WASH) ;DaGwL ax;, k}/jL / hgr]tgf clea[l4sf sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng u/L :yflgo ;d'bfosf] vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfOsf] kx'Frdf a[l4 ug]{ .

@= vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfOsf] If]qdf Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{sf nflu V-WASH-CC, M-WASH - CC, ;xsf/L, :yfgLo ;+3;+:yf / ;/f]sf/ lgsfosf ;b:ox?nfO{ laleGg tflnd tyf cjnf]sg e|d0fsf cj;/x? k|bfg ug]{ .

#= vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO sfo{s|dx?nfO{ lg/Gt/ cleofgsf] ?kdf cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu WASH ;DaGwL ;xsf/Lx?sf]] :yfkgf, k|aw{g ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= ;+:yfut ljsf; / 1fg Joj:yfkgsf nflu

;+:yf4f/f ;+rflnt tflnd tyf ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] lasf; tyf k|aw{gdf hf]8 lbg] .

%= pk/f]Qm sfo{s|dx? dfkm{t ;/sf/åf/f cuf8L

;fl/Psf] v'nf lb;fd'Qm -ODF) cleofgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

kl/of]hgfsf /0fgLltx? M

!= vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO sfo{s|dsf]

lg/Gt/tf, ;+:yfut ljsf; / kl/rfngsf nflu

WASH ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .

@= ;/sf/L ;+oGqx?;+u ;xsfo{ ub}{ /fli6«o nIo xfl;n ug{df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] .

#= :yfgLo ;+3;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfOsf gLltut ;jfnx?sf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gogsf nflu ax;, k}/jL / hgr]tgf clea[l4 sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ug]{ .

%= ;"rgfx? cfbfg k|bfg tyf 1fg Joj:yfkgsf

ls|ofsnfkx? ;+rfng ug]{ .

kl/of]hgf ;+rfng k|lqmof M

!= uf=la=; / lhNnf :t/df kl/of]hgfsf] kl/ro, nIo, p2]Zo, ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 ;Lldttf af/]df hfgsf/L .

@= ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;uFsf] ;fem]bf/L , ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf sfo{s|d ;+rfng .

#= ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx? cleofgstf{sf ?kdf kl/rflnt .


$= ;/;kmfO u'? of]hgf cg';f/ D/M/V-WASH- CC ;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ .

%= sfo{s|dsf] lg/Gt/tf / lbuf]kgfsf nflu ;d'bfodf ls|ofzLn /x]sf laleGg art tyf C0f ;d"xsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;+ul7t u/L WASH ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf .

^= WASH Co-operative dfkm{t M/V-WAS-CC

;+u ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo u/L WASH cleofg ;+rfng .

&= WASH ;xsf/L ;+~hfnsf] lgdf{0f .*= l;sfO tyf cg'ejx?sf] cfbfg k|bfg .(= ;xeflutfd"ns :j;dLIff tyf sfo{ of]hgf

lgdf{0f .

kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ul/g] uf=lj=; / gu/kflnsf

!= ds|x/ ufla; @= b]jbx ufla; #= s]/afgL ufla; $= s/lxof ufla; %= l;S6xg ufla; ^= a'6jn gu/kflnsf

kl/of]hgf cjlw M # aifL{o

October 2012 – September 2015 sfo{s|d ah]6 M

kl/of]hgf ah]6 &),@%,*!@.))

:yflgo of]ubfg $,&@,))).))

s'n kl/of]hgf ah]6 &$,(&,*!@.))

kl/of]hgf ah]6 k|zf;lgs ah]6*^Ü !$Ü

kl/of]hgf cGt{ut ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{s|dx?

;+rfng x'g] sfo{s|dx?

hgr]tgf clea[l4, ax; tyf k}/jL

ufla;, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf :t/Lo cled"vLs/0f vfg]kfgL :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO / ;xsf/L ;+u ;DalGwt ufla;, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf :t/Lo cGt/ls|of, 5nkmn, uf]i7L tyf ;dGjofTds a}7sx? ;|f]t s]Gb| la:tf/ Pj+ k|aw{g z}lIfs ;fdu|L k|sfzg tyf /]l8of] sfo{s|d o'jf tyf :jod\;]js kl/rfng /fli6«o tyf cGt/{fli6«o lbj;x? dgfpg]

Ifdtf clea[l4 tyf tflnd

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k"0f{ ;/;kmfO k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd vfg]kfgL :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO Joj;flos tflnd ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k"0f{ ;/;kmfO tflnd cfwf/e"t ;xsf/L tflnd ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tyf g]Q[Tj ljsf; tflnd uflj; tyf gu/kflnsf :t/Lo /0fgLlt sfo{of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L ;+:yfut /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L tflnd, lzIff tyf cWoog e|d0f

WASH ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yfkg tyf k|aw{g

;+:yfut lasf;sf nflu tflnd tyf ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf

cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg

æemf8f kvnf, x}hf, 6fOkmfO8 h:tf /f]ux?af6aRgsf nflu :jR5 kfgL lkpg] u/f}+ .Æ


k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] ;dLIffTds j}7s ;DkGg

k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] @@ cf}F aflif{s pT;jsf] pknIodf @)^( d+l;/ @) ut]sf lbg ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L, ;b:o / sd{rf/Lx?sf] pkl:ytLdf ;dLIffTds j}7ssf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;+:yfn] Ps aif{ leq u/]sf k|d'v sfo{x? pknAwL, l;sfO{x? / r'gf}tLsf] jf/]df j}7sdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . o; k|sf/sf] ;+o'Qm j}7sn] sd{rf/L / jf]8{sf] aLrdf ;DjGw lj:tf/df ;xof]u k'Ug] / jf]8{ / sd{rf/L jLrsf] cg'ej ;f6f ;f6 ug{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'Ug] / jf]8{ / sd{rf/L v'Nnf ?kdf cGt/lqmof ug{ ;xof]u k'u]sf] dx;'; ul/of] . csf]{tkm{ Team work building ug{sf nflu ;d]t ;xof]u k'Ug] cg'e'tL ul/Psf] lyof] .

@@ jif{sf] bf}/fgdf ;+:yfn] y'k|} psfnL cf]/fnLx? Kff/ u/]sf] / sfd ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ePsf /dfOnf 36gf / lttf] cg'ejx?nfO{ klg cfbfg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

;dLIff j}7ssf] qmddf ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;+:yfåf/f ;+~rfng ul/Psf sfo{qmddf ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] ;Dk"0f{ JolQm tyf ;+w ;+:yf, sd{rf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:o / ;d'bfonfO klg wGojfb 1fkg ul/Psf] lyof] .

;dLIff j}7ssf] cWoIftf ;+:yfsf cWoIf ;"o{jxfb'/ yfkfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

aflif{s pT;jsf] pknIfdf FSCN sf] sfof{no ?kGb]xL a'6jndf klg sd{rf/L, kqsf/ ,;+:yfsf ;xof]uL tyf z'elrGtsx?sf] jLr e]63f6 sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;xefuLåf/f HAPPY BIRTH DAY TO FSCN n]lvPsf] s]s ;d]t sfl6Psf] lyof] . ;+:yfsf] ljut / jt{dfgsf] jf/]df ;d]t ;ldIff ub}{ cfufdL lbgdf ;+:yfn] v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsf jf/]df ;d]t 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;j}nfO{ FSCN a'6jn clkm; sf]cl8g]6/ b]jsnf 8'd|]n] :jfut ub}{ ;+:yf / ;+:yfåf/f ;~rflnt sfo{qmd jf/]df hfgsf/L ;d]t u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .


?kGb]xL lhNnfdf ut % aif{ b]lv ;+rfng ePsf] vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hgcleofg ( People Campaign for Water Sanitation and Health I & II phase ) klxnf] / bf];|f] kl/of]hgf cGt{ut u7g Pj+ kl/rfng x'b} cfO/x]sf] ;d"xx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ?kdf kl/df{hg tyf k|a{4g u/L vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yo (WASH ) ultljlwx?nfO{ :yfgLo :t/af6} ;+rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] kl/df{hg ul/Psf] vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hgcleofg kl/of]hgf t];|f] r/0fsf] ( People Campaign for Water Sanitation and Health – III phase ) lhNnf :t/Lo kl/of]hgf cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L ldlt @)^( kf}if !@ ut] ( 27th December 2012) :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L gf/fo0f k|;fb cfrf{osf] k|d'v cflyTodf ;DkGg eof] . ;+:yfsf cWoIf ;"o{ axfb'/ yfkfsf] cWoIftf / vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;a l8lehg sfof{nosf l8 hL Pj+ D-WASH-CC ?kGb]xLsf ;lrj gGbnfn aGhf8]sf] laz]if pkl:yltdf ;DkGg o; uf]i7Ldf ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|d'v tyf k|ltlglw, /]8s|;, lhNnfdf WASH If]qdf sfo{/t u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf k|ltlgwLx?, kqsf/ x? ;d]t u/L hDdf #$ hgfsf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] .

lhNnf :t/Lo kl/of]hgf cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L


uf]i7Ldf kl/of]hgfsf] nIo, p2]Zo, ;+rfng k|lqmof, /0fgLtL, kl/of]hgf cGt{ut ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 / kl/of]hgfsf] d"n nIo / WASH ;xsf/Lsf] cfjZostf / ;+rfng ul/g] k|lqmof af/]df ;+:yfsf dxf;lrj Pj+ kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs dfwjL k|wfgn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{s|ddf g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3sf cWoIf lbg]z s'df/ hf]zLn] WASH cleofgsf] nflu ;d'bfo :t/df /x]sf :jo+d ;]jsx?nfO{ klg k|lzIf0f u/fO kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ ;+:yfn] ckgfPsf] kf/bzL{ Pj+ pQ/bfoL e"ldsfsf] k|z+;f ug'{eof] . lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfo{nosf k|d"v dx]Zj/ k|;fb >]i7n] :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO Hofb} ;+j]bgzLn ;jfn ePsfn] ;a} If]qaf6 o;nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ / cGo uflj;x? klg clt ;+Dj]bglzn cj:yfdf ePsf]n] ;+:yfn] cGo ufla;df klg sfo{s|dx? la:tf/ ug'{ kg]{ af/]df cfkm\gf] larf/ JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L lai0f' k|;fb clwsf/Ln] WASH ;xsf/L cjwf/0fnfO{ :jfut ub}{ o;sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . uflj; ;lrjx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ s/lxof uflj; ;lrj r'/fd0fL kf08]n] ;d'bfo :t/af6} vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sfo{s|dnfO{ cleofgsf] ?kdf n}hfg ;+:yfn] cufl8 ;f/]sf] WASH ;xsf/L

cjwf/0fnfO{ Hofb} k|z+;f ub}{ o;nfO{ ;kmn agfpgdf ;xof]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

pQm sfo{s|ddf ;+:yfnfO{ D -WASH - CC sf] a}7sx?df cfdGq0f ul/g], kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{ If]qx? dWo] b]jbx / s/lxof uf lj ;df ODF e};s]sf] x'gfn] post ODF sf sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ug{df hf]8 lbg] , l;S6xg, s]/afgL / a'6jn gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+ !, @, # / $ df vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO / ODF cleofgsf] nflu ;d'bfo kl/rfngdf g]Q[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgefpg] / ds|x/ uflj;df ;+:yfn] ;d'bfo kl/rfngdf ;xof]uLsf] e"ldsf lgefpg' kg]{ ;Gb{edf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;a l8lehg sfof{nosf l8 hL Pj+ D -WASH - CC ?kGb]xLsf ;lrj gGbnfn aGhf8]af6 lhDd]jf/L Pj+ pQ/bfloTj k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

sfo{s|dsf k|d'v cltly :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L gf/fo0f k|;fb cfrf{on] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!& ;Dd /fi6nfO{ v'Nnf lb;f d'Qm agfpg] cleofgdf 6]jf k'ofpg ;+:yfn] v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] k|z+;f ub}{ ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo ub}{ hfg' kg]{ af/]df hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;+:yfsf sfof{no ;+of]hs b]jLsnf 8'd]|n] sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

æ;d'bfodf /x]sf ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/f}+

;'zf;g, hjfkmb]lxtf / kf/blz{tfsf] cleofgnfO{ cuf8L a9fcf}+Æ


uflj; tyf gu/kflnsf :t/Lo kl/of]hgf cled"lvs/0f uf]i7L

?kGb]xL lhNnfsf ds|x/, b]jbx, s/lxof, s]/afgL / l;S6xg uflj;df ut % aif{b]lv Simavi The Nethelands ;xof]udf ;+rfng e}/x]sf] vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hgcleofg (People Campaign for Water Sanitation and Health I & II phase ) klxnf] / bf]>f] kl/of]hgf cGt{ut pk/f]Qm uflj;x?df u7g Pj+ kl/rfng x'b} cfO{/x]sf] ;d'xx?nfO{ lbuf] ?kdf cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu ;+:yfut ljsf; ub}{ ;+:yfut ?kdf vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf] nflu ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] (WASH Cooperative) ljsf; tyf k|a{4g u/L vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yo (WASH ) ultljlwx?nfO{ :yfgLo :t/af6} ;+rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] kl/df{hg ul/Psf] vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hgcleofg kl/of]hgf t];|f] r/0fsf] (People Campaign for Water Sanitation and Health III phase ) uflj; tyf gu/kflnsfsf :t/Lo kl/of]hgf cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L dqmx/, b]jbx, s/lxof, s]/jfgL, l;S6xg uflj;df uflj; ;lrj Pj+ gu/kflnsfdf jl/i7 ;fdflhs ljsf; clws[tsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf V/M-WASH-CC sf ;b:o, uflj; tyf gu/kflnsfdf sfo{/t WASH If]qdf sfo{/t u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, ;+:yfsf

sd{rf/Lx? u/L hDdf @)* hgfsf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] . h;df %% hgf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

uf]i7Ldf kl/of]hgfsf] nIo, p2]Zo, ;+rfng k|lqmof , /0fgLlt, kl/of]hgf cGt{ut ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{s|d tyf ah]6sf] af/]df lkmN8 ;+of]hs lg/h nfsf}nn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{s|d ;+rfng ;+:yfsf sfof{no ;+of]hs b]jLsnf 8'd]|n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?af6 ;+:yfåf/f ljsf; tyf k|aw{g ug{ vf]lhPsf] WASH ;xsf/L cjwf/0fnfO{ ;xefuLx?n] :jfut ub}{ o;sf] ;kmntfsf] nflu ;Sbf] of]ubfg ug]{ s'/fdf k|lta4tf ;d]t hfx]/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

a'6jn gu/kflnsfdf ;+rfng u/]sf] uf]i7Ln] a'6jn gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+ !, @, # / $ df vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO / ODF cleofgsf] nflu ;d'bfo kl/rfngdf g]Q[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgefpg' kg]{ ;Gb{edf ;+:yfnfO{ lhDd]jf/L k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ ;+:yfn] pQm j8fx?df klg j8f :t/Lo kl/of]hgf cled"lvs/0f uf]i7L gu/ :t/Lo 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf ;+of]hs >L dx]Gb| /fhe08f/Lsf] cWoIfdf ePsf] lyof] .


“g;f]wL gjf]nL cfFp5 e"sDkLo ljkb\, hfufF} h'6f}F arfpg ;[li6sf] ;Dkbf” eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy !% cf}F /fli6«o e"sDk ;'/Iff lbj;sf] cj;/df e"sDkLo hf]lvd / o;sf nflu ckgfpg' kg]{ k"j{tof/Lsf pkfox? Aff/]df ;r]tgf ug]{ p2]Zon] Ps lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ldlt @)^( kmfu'g $ ut] a'6jndf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm uf]i7Ldf /fli6o e"sDk k|ljlw ;dfhsf O{= ;'o{eQm ;f+uf5]n] “e"sDkLo hf]lvd Go'gLs/0f tyf k'j{tof/Lsf pkfox?” / a'6jn gu/kflnsfsf O{=zf]dgfy clwsf/Ln] gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf e"sDkLo k|lt/f]wfTds agfpg' kg]{ 3/, gS;f / If]qsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df jN8{ lehg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn ?kGb]xLsf l6d ln8/ cK;/f /fO{n] k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] e'ldsf laifodf cfkmgf] egfO /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] u}=;=; dxf;+3sf ;b:o nIdL yfkfn] ?kGb]xL lhNNffdf k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ;+3 ;+:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L] lbg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm cj;/df g]]]]]]]kfnL ;]gfåf/f e"sDk hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL a[Qlrq ;d]t k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .

a'6jn gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t lvd axfb'/ /fodfemLsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg o; sfo{qmddf ;/sf/L lgsfo, u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?, jN8{ lehg OG6/g];gn, o'=Pd=Pg=, ldl8of, ejg lgdf{0f ;+3, gu/kflnsf cGt{utsf 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfx? u/L hDdf !)$ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd a'6jn gu/kflnsf, /fli6o e"sDk k|ljlw ;dfh, k|m]G8; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfn, l;=l8 Pd g]kfn, jN8{ lehg OG6/g];gn / o' Pd Pgsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ;+rfng ePsf] lyof], sfo{qmd ;+rfng a'6jn gu/kflnsfsf ch{'g kf]v/]nn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

e"sDkLo hf]lvd ;DaGwL sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hgcleofg ( People Campaign for Water Sanitation and Health – III phase ) kl/of]hgf af/]df la:t[t 5nkmn u/L kl/of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] p2]Zo cg'?k pknAwLd"ns k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{ / ;+:yf , kl/of]hgfsf] nIo, p2]Zo, ;+rfng k|s[of , /0fgLlt , kl/of]hgf cGt{ut ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{s|d tyf ah]6sf] ;fy ;fy} ;+:yfsf] k|zf;lgs tyf cfly{s gLltx? af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] ldlt @)^( kf}if !@— !# ut] ( 28 - 29 December 2012) ;Dd b'O{ lbg] kl/of]hgf cled'vLs/0f sfof{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf a'6jndf ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf kl/of]hgfsf] d"n nIo /x]sf] WASH ;xsf/L af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . cGTodf ;xeflutfTds ?kdf kl/of]hgfsf] Ps aifL{o sfo{ of]hgf klg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

o; uf]i7Ldf ;+:yfsf cWoIf ;"o{ axfb'/ yfkf, dxf;lrj dfwjL k|wfg / k|zf;lgs Pj+ n]vf clws[t Oiff l;Gtfgn] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L, ;b:o / sd{rf/Lx? u/L hDdf !^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . h;dWo] ( hgf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L, ;b:o tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ kl/of]hgf

cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L


k"0f{ ;/;kmfO cleofgdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf ljifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

?kGb]xL lhNnfdf laleGg p2]Zosf] ;fy ;~rfng e}/x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ /fli6«o ;/;kmfO u'? of]hgfn] lnPsf] nIo cg'?k vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jR5tfsf sfo{qmdx? -v'Nnf lb;f d'Qm If]q_ ;+rfngdf ug{df clek|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zon] k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfn, lhNnf ;/;kmfO tyf :j:5tf ;dGjo ;ldlt (D-WASH-CC) ?kGb]xL / vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;a l8lehg sfof{no

?kGb]xLsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ldlt @)^( df3 & ut] (20th January 2013) vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO

;a l8lehg sfof{no of]uLs'6L df “k"0f{ ;/;kmfO cleofgdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf” laifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;a l8lehg sfof{nosf

l8lehg OlGhlgo/ Pj+ D-WASH-CC ?kGb]xLsf ;lrj gGbnfn aGhf8]sf] ;efkltTj / lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf led t'nfrgsf] k|d'v

cfltYodf ;DkGg o; uf]i7Ldf “:j:Yo /xf}, :j:Yo

agf}” eGg] ;Gb]z ;lxt ;fa'g kfgLn] xft wf]P/ sfo{s|dsf] pb\3f6g ul/Psf] lyof] .

uf]i7Ldf lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;a l8lehg sfof{nosf l8lehg OGhLlgo/ Pj+ D-WASH-CC ?kGb]xLsf ;lrj gGbnfn aGhf8]n] “?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO, :jR5tf / :jf:Yosf] cj:yf, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;DaGwL ;/sf/L

gLtL / vfg]kfgL , ;/;kmfO / :jR5tfsf ;jfnx?df ;xsf/Ln] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sg] If]qx? / k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnsf lhNnf ;+of]hs lg/h

nfsf}nn] “;+:yfn] ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf ;+rfng

u/]sf vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO, :jR5tf / :jf:Yosf sfo{qmd / vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO, :jR5tf / :jf:Yosf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO, :jR5tf / :jf:Yo ;xsf/Lsf] cfjZostf tyf dxTj” ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .


sfo{s|ddf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3 ?kGb]xLsf cWoIf s[i0f g]kfnn] ;+wdf cfj4 /x]sf ;xsf/Lx? dfkm{t ;/;kmfO tyf v'Nnf lb;f d'Qm sfo{qmddf sfo{ ug{sf] nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{ ;xsf/L ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg ;DalGwt tflndx?sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf tf]o gf/fo0f kGtn] v'Nnf lb;f d'Qm cleofgdf cfkm"n] ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug]{ / o;sf] nflu ;a} ;xsf/Lx? nfO{ pTk|]l/t u/]sf]df cfof]hs ;+:yfx?nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf ;xsf/L l8lehg sfof{nosf clws[t /la kf08]n] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;/;kmfO lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng ug{df clek|]l/t ug{sf] nflu D-WASH-CC df ;d]t ;Demf}tf ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|lta4tf hflx/ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf k|d'v cfltyL eLd t'nfrgn] :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO Hofb} ;Dj]bgzLn ;jfn ePsfn] ;a} If]qaf6 o;nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ af/]df cfkm\gf] larf/ JoQm ug'{ x'b} lhNNff ;xsf/L ;+3 ;/sf/L gLtL cg';f/ ;/;kmfO If]qdf ;xof]u tyf nufgL ug]{ tof/ /x]sf] jf/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

uf]i7Ldf ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf laleGg If]qdf sfo{/t

#$ j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf u/L hDdf %& hgfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{s|ddf lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;a l8lehg sfof{nosf

O{lGhlgo/ w|'a lwtfnn] sfo{s|dsf] p2]Zo dfly k|sfz kfb}{ / ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+:yfsf sfof{no ;+of]hs b]jLsnf 8'd]|n] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k"0f{;/;kmfO k|lzIfs

k|lzIf0f tflnd

;d'bfosf] cu'jfOdf k"0f{ ;/;kmfO k4ltsf] cjwf/0ff Pj+ g]kfnsf] k"0f{ ;/;kmfO cleofg af/] hfgsf/L k|bfg ub}{ hfu[ltd"ns (Triggering tools) ljlwx?sf] ;}4flGts 1fg / Jojxfl/s cEof; dfkm{t k"0f{ ;/;kmfO cleofgnfO{ ;d'bfo :t/df k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] V-WASH-CC / M-WASH-CC sf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k"0f{ ;/;kmfO k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd @)^( df3 @@ b]lv @$ ut] (4 – 6 February 2012 ) ;Dd a'6jndf cfof]hgf ul/of] . o; tflnddf k|lzIf0f tflnd / o;sf] cfjZostf , k|lzIf0fsf lalwx?, g]kfnsf] vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf] cj:yf, /fli6«o ;/;kmfO u'?of]hgf, ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO / :j5tf ;DjGwL cleofg, ;/;kmfO tyf rkL{sf] dxTj, WASH sf] nflu :yflgo ;|f]t, ;fwgsf] klxrfg kl/rfng / ;xof]uL ;+:yf;+usf] ;xsfo{, WASH sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu WASH ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf tyf kl/rfng ,d'vdf lb;f lk;fa nfu]/ nfUg] /f]ux?, F-diagramming / Triggering sanitation promotion tyf cEof;x?sf] af/]df lkmN8 cjnf]sg ;lxt k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfn / D - WASH - CC ?kGb]xLsf] ;+o'Qm ;xsfo{df ;+rfng ul/Psf] o; tflnddf ds|x/, b]jbx, s]/afgL, s/lxof, l;S6xg, df]tLk'/, lrlNnof, km;f{l6s/ uflj;sf V - WASH - CC sf ;b:ox? / a'6jn gu/kflnsf cGt{ut 6f]n ljsf; ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? / ^ hgf sd{rf/Lx? ;lxt !$ k'?if / !! dlxnf u/L hDdf #@ hgfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . tflnddf ;+:yfsf dxf;lrj Pj+ kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs dfwjL k|wfg , tflnd ;+of]hs od kf08], vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO l8lehg sfof{no ?kGb]xLsf k|d'v gGbnfnaGhf8], O{= w'|a lwtfn, OZj/L cof{n / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ?kGb]xLsf u}=;=; 8]:s k|d'v nIdL yfkfn] ;xhLs/0f k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .


;+:yfnfO{ ;+:yfut ljsf; k|lqmofdf lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu lb3{sflng ;f]rsf ;fy cufl8 j9fpgsf] nflu th'{df ul/Psf] klxnf] % jifL{o /0flglts sfo{of]hgfnfO{ ;dLIff ub}{ cfufdL lbgsf nflu jftfj/0f cg's"n kfb}{ sfo{tGq, lgltlgod / 8s'd]G6];gx? r':t / b'?:t agfpg' kg]{ sfo{nfO{

canDag ug'{kg]{ ;TotfnfO{ dgg u/L ldlt @)^(

df3 @&-@* ut] ( 9-10 February 2013) b'O{ lbg] ;+:yfut /0flglts sfo{of]hgf sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf r]tgf s]Gb| ag]kfdf ul/Psf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf ;+:yfsf] ljwfgdf pNn]lvt p2]Zox? / ;+:yfn] ;+rfng u/]sf laleGg lqmofsnfkx? /

cg'ejsf cfwf/df ;+:yfsf ;an kIfx?, ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ kIfx?, r'gf}tL / afwfx?sf] v'nf tyf ;d"ut ?kdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L,

;b:o, s]Gb|Lo tyf lkmN8 sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;lqmo

;+:yfut /0fgLlt Pj+ sfo{ of]hgfth'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

;xeflutf / ;+:yfsf] cfkm\gf] cg'ej, l;sfO, sfo{ bIftf / bIf dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] cfwf/df % jif{df ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?, ;|f]t, bft[ lgsfo / ;/f]sf/ lgsfox?sf] ;d]t lgSof}n ul/Psf] 5 . k|sfz s'df/ kf]v/]nn] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ePsf] o; sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ln] ;+:yfsf] % jifL{o /0flglts

sfo{of]hgf th'{df u/]sf] 5 .


;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;'zf;g tyf Ifdtfclej[l4 kl/of]hgf ;+lIfKt kl/ro

Ufl/jL lgjf/0f sf]ifsf] ;xof]udf u}/ ;/sf/L :f+:yf dfkm{t :yflgo :t/df ;d"xx? u7g u/L ;+rfng

ul//x]sf sfo{s|dx?df of]ubfg k"¥ofpg] lb3{sfnLg ;f]rsf ;fy The Partnership for Transparency Fund, Helvetas Nepal / Friends Service Council Nepal (FSCN) sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf æ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;'zf;g tyf Ifdtf clej[l4Æ kl/of]hgf gd"gfsf] ?kdf !% hgj/L @)!# b]lv nfu" eO{/x]sf]

5 . of] kl/of]hgfsf] cjlw !% hgj/L @)!# b]lv

#) h"g @)!$ ;Dd /xg] 5 . xfnnfO{ of] kl/of]hgf kfFr kxf8L lHfNnfx? -c5fd, a}t8L, /fd]5fk, 8f]6L Ko"7fg_, b'O{ lxdfnL lhNnfx? -/;'jf, aemfª_ / tLg t/fO{sf lhNnfx? -/f}tx6, dxf]Q/L, l;/fxf_ u/L

bz lhNnfx?df ;+rfnt eO{/x]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;'zf;g tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 kl/of]hgf ;+rfngsf] nflu FSCN sf] tkm{af6 ;+:yfsf

sfo{sf/L cWoIf ;"o{ axfb'/ yfkf, Helvetas Nepal sf] /fli6«o lgb{]zs lzjk|;fb cof{n / The Partnership for Transparency Fund sf] tkm{af6 Daniel Ritchie aLr ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] .

o; kl/of]hgfn] ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]if cGt{utsf

;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; / ;'zf;gdf ;xof]u k'Ug'sf ;fy} pQm ;d"xsf ;b:ox?df t];|f] kIfsf] ;d]t cg'udg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfdf ljsf;

x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 .

p2]Zox? ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;'zf;g tyf ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?sf] hjfkmb]xLtf cg'udg

ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ug{] .


;'zf;g, ;+hfn lj:tf/, kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg / :f"rgf cfbfg k|bfgsf] nflu ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] 1fg / ;Lksf] clej[l4 ug{] . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] :f+:yfut ljsf;sf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;xeflutfd"ns cf}hf/ / ;"rsx?sf] ;Dfo cg's"n kl/dflh{t ug{] . ;xeflutfd"ns lx;fan] ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?nfO{ ltgLx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;Sg] agfpg] . t];|f] kIfåf/f ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ug{] .

nlIft ju{

ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if cGtu{tsf :ffd'bflos ;+:yfx?

Kfl/of]hgfsf ls|ofsnfkx? ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L, ;b:o tyf kl/of]hgfsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ kl/of]hgf cled"lvs/0f tyf of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L ;+rfng ug{] . bz lhNnfx?df lhNnf:t/Lo cled"lvs/0f

uf]i7L ;+rfng ug{] . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] 5gf}6 ug{] . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4

/0flglt tof/ ug{ uf]i7L ;+rfng ug{] /

cfjZos /0flglt tof/ ug{] . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?nfO{ Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu tflnd k|bfg ug{] . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?nfO{ lgoldt /

k|efjsf/L ?kdf k/fdz{ lbg] . t];|f] kIfåf/f ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf]

cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ug{] . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] :f+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu ;xeflutd"ns cf}hf/x?nfO{ (participatory tools) kl/dflh{t ug{] / ;f]sf] k'l:tsf k|sflzt ug{] . ;xeflutfd"ns :j;ldIff uf]i7L ;+rfng ug{] .

cfzfltt kl/0ffdx? kl/of]hgf rqm Joj:yfkg, ;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmof, ;+:yfut ljsf; / Ifdtf ljsf; ;lxt :jTfGq ?kn] rNg ;Sg], ;fdflhs kl/rfng tyf ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?af6 cfzfltt ;]jf ;xof]u / ltgLx?nfO{ ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx? k|lt hjfkmb]xL agfpgsf] nflu tflnd k|bfg u/L ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 . nlIft ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx? kl/kSs eO{ ljleGg ;+hfndf cfj¢ ePsf] x'g]5g\ . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;'zf;g tyf ljsf;sf] d"Nofª\sgdf clej[l4, ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf bLIfGt ePsf]

x'g]5 . ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] d"Nofª\sgsf] nflu kl/dflh{t tyf kl/is[t ;xeflutfd"ns

cf}hf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?

bIf ePsf] x'g]5g\ . Ufl/jL lgjf/0f sf]if;Fu ;Demf}tf eP cg'?k ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?n] ;dod} u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] x'g]5g\ .

kl/of]hgsf l;sfO{ tyf pTs[i6 cEof;x? clen]lvs/0f ul/Psf] x'g]5 .


sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ kl/of]hgf cled"lvs/0ftyf of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L

k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnn] æ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;'zf;g tyf Ifdtf clej[l4Æ kl/of]hgf cGtut{sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu kl/of]hgf cled'vLs/0f tyf of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . of] uf]i7L !& km/j/L @)!# sf lbg Odf8f]n tflnd s]Gb|, nlntk'/df ;+rfng ul/Psf]

lyof] . o; ;+:yfsf sfo{sf/L cWoIf ;"o{ axfb'/

yfkfåf/f sfo{qmddf ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut ub}{ ;+:yf / kl/of]hgsf] af/]df k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs l;+x axfb'/ v8\sfn] kl/of]hgfsf] kl/ro, p2]Zo,

sfo{of]hgf, sfd ug{] z}nL / cfzfltt pknlAwx?sf] la:t[t hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy} lhNnf ;+of]hsx?sf]

st{Jo tyf lhDd]jf/Lx?sf] af/]df k|sfz kfl/Psf] lyof] . kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs, kl/of]hgf

clws[t, lhNnf ;+of]hsx? Nfufot ;+:yfsf s]Gb|Lo sfo{nosf sd{rf/Lx? u/L hDdf !^ hgf ;xefuL lyP . uf]i7Lsf ;xefuL dWo] !! hgf k'?if tyf % hgf dlxnf lYfP . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;'zf;g tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 kl/of]hgf FSCN Helvetas Nepal, PTF, JSF sf] ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/Ld

sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO{/x]]sf] 5 .


;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtfd"Nofª\sgsf] k|lzIf0f

k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnn] æ;fd'bflos

;+:yfx?sf] ;'zf;g tyf Ifdtf clej[l4Æ kl/of]hgf

cGtu{tsf lhNnf ;+of]hsx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; /

sfo{ bIftfdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpgsf nflu tLg lbg]

;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljZn]if0f ;DaGwL

k|lzIf0f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . tflndsf] pb\3f6g

;+:yfsf sfo{sf/L cWoIf ;"o{ axfb'/ yfkfn]

:jfut dGtJoåf/f ug{' ePsf] lyof] . of] tflnd

!* km/j/L b]lv @) km/j/L @)!# ;Dd u/L # lbg

Odf8f]n tflnd s]Gb|, nlntk'/df ;+rfng ul/Psf]

lyof] . ;+:yf ljZn]if0fsf] cjwf/0ffut :ki6tf

Nofpg], ;fdflhs ;:yf ljZn]if0fsf ljlw cf]Sof6

(OCAT/Organizational Capacity Assessment Tools) ;+rfng ug]{ ;Lksf] ljsf; ug]{ tyf Joltmut / ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljZn]if0f ;Lk ljsf;

ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy of] tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf]

lyof] . tflnd ;xefuLd"ns k|lqmofaf6 ;+rfng

ul/Psf] lyof] . k|ZgfjnL eg]{, kmf/d eg]{ / ljZn]if0f

ug]{, lrq k|bz{g u/L To;sf] k|efj ljZn]if0f ug]{,

;fd"lxs 5nkmn, ;d"xsfo{ / JolQmut k|:t'lt

Pjd\ ljZn]if0f, lkm\nk rf6{ k|:t'lt, v]n ljlw,

;d"x 5nkmn, dl:tis dGyg, ;fGble{s syf,

k|:t'lt O{TofbL h:tf ljleGg ljlwx? tflnddf

k|of]u ul/Psf lyP . of] tflnddf @@ k'?if / &

dlxnf u/L HfDdf @( hgf :fxefuL lyP . k|sfz

s'df/ kf]v/]nn] k|d'v ;xhstf{sf] ?kdf tflnddf

;xhLs/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . l;h{gf sf]O/fnfn]

;xfos ;xhstf{sf] ?kdf tflndsf] ;xhLs/0f

ug'{ ePsf] lYfof] .


;+:yfsf] !^cf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg

k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnsf] !^ cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f @)^( c;f]h @^ ut] ;dfh;]jL ;d"xsf] sfof{no nugv]ndf ;+:yfsf cWoIf ;"o{jxfb'/ yfkfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;fwf/0f ;efdf ;+:yfsf dxf;lrj dfwjL k|wfgn] cf=a= @)^*÷)^( sf] aflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg /

cf=a= @)^(÷)&) nflu k|:tfljt sfo{qmd k]z ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . dxf;lrjsf] k|ltj]bgdf ljz]ift ljutdf ul/Psf ul/Psf ultljwLx?, pknAwL

l;sfO / r'Gff}tLsf] jf/]df s]Gb|Lt x'g'sf] ;fy} cfufdL

aif{sf] sfo{qmddf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO, Ifdtf clej[l4, ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] ljsf; tyf k|j4{g / ax; tyf k}/jL / hgr]tgf clej[l4 / ;+:yfut ljsf;df hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] .

;+:yfsf sf]iffWoIf clgtf v8\sfn] cf=a= @)^*÷)^( df (Baker Tilly Dev Associates

Chartered Accountants) sf] tkm{af6 n]vf kl/If0f ul/Psf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ j}7sdf k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L cf=a= @)^(÷)&) sf]nflu ?= @,!*,(%,%*) sf] cg'dflgt cfo Aoosf] ah]6

lja/0f k]z ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

Dfxf;lrj dfwjL k|wfg / sf]iffWoIf clgtf v8\sfn]

k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] k|ltj]bg sfo{qmd / jh]6 dfly

5nkmn u/L ;+zf]wg ;lxt ;j{;DdtLaf6 :jLs[t ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;+~rfng ;+:yfsf jf]8{ ;b:o gf/fo0f cfrfo{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] :jfut dGtJo ;+:yfsf pkfWoIf 8f= pdf sf]O/fnf

ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

æhyfefjL kmf]x/ ug'{ ;fdflhs ck/fw xf] .Æ


ljZj kfgL lbjzsf] cj;/df cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg

ljZj kfgL lbj; @)!#, “kfgLsf] nflu ;xsfo{ ;fem]bf/Ldf j[l4” eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO / :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldlt ?kGb]xL j'6jn gu/kflnsf vfg]kfgL tyf

;/;kmfO l8lehg sfof{no, ?kGb]xL / k|m]G8; ;le{; sfplG;n, g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgf tyf lhNnf @)^( r}q ( ut] j'6jn gu/kflnsfsf]

;efsIfdf “vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO / :jR5tf ljifos

! lbg] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . j'6jn gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clws[t v]d/fh /fodfemLsf] cWoIftf, D-WASH-CC sf cWoIf

Pj+ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L k]zn s'df/ kf]v/]nsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;+~rfng ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO l8lehg sfof{nosf k|d'v gGbnfn jGhf8]n] ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] vfg]kfgL tyf

;/;kmfOsf] cj:yf / v'Nn.f lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug{sf nflu lhNnfdf rflnPsf k|of; pknlJw / r'gf}ltx? ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ug'[{ ePsf] lyof] . To;} u/L l8lehg sfof{nosf OlGhlgo/ w|'j lwtfnn] :jR5 kfgLsf] pkef]u / dfjg hLjg ;DjGwdf sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ ePsf]

lyof] eg] k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnsf

dxf;lrj dfwjL k|wfgn] vfg]kfgLsf] ;jfn / ;+:yf4f/f ?kGb]xLdf ;~rflnt vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf nflu hg cleofg kl/of]hgfsf]

p2]Zo / o; cGt/ut ePsf lqmofsnfkx?, pknlJw / r'gf}lt jf/]df sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf ;xefuLx?nfO{ hfgsf/L k|bfg ub}{ sfo{kq k|:t'tstf{x?n] dflg;df nfUg] /f]ux? dWo] *) k|ltzt /f]ux? k|b'lift kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf]


cefjsf sf/0f nffUg] jtfpg' x'Fb} ;/;kmfOsf] kx'Frdf ?kGb]xL lhNNnfsf] lhNnfut :yfg $#cf}+ /x]sf] zf}rfno kx'Frs]f 3/w'/L %( k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOof] . ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf ̂ ^ xhf/ x\ofG8 kDd /x]sf]df ^% k|ltzt x\ofG8kDksf] kfgL k|b'lif{t /x]sf] ;d]t jtfOPsf] lyof] .

uf]i7Ldf j'6jn gu/kflnsfsf] vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df j'6jn gu/kflnsfsf jl/i7 clws[t e'jf k|;fb n'O6]nn] hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] lyof] . j'6jn gu/kflnsf leq !@ k|ltzt

3/df zf}rfno gePsf] / l;4fy{ gu/kflnsfdf

!& k|ltzt 3/df zf}rfno gePsf] hfgsf/L ;d]t u/fOPsf] lyof] . o;sf] ;fy} lhNNnf :t/df :yfkgf ul/Psf] WASH cIfosf]if, JolQmut tyf ;+:yfut u/L ^,(*,%&)÷– ?k}ofF ;xof]u k|fKt e};s]sf]

hfgsf/L u/fOsf] lyof] .

uf]i7Ldf k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfn tyf /fli6«o k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;~hfn g]kfn -l8dfg_ sf cWoIf ;"o{jxfb'/ yfkfn] ljkb\, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf] aLrdf cGt/ ;DjGw /x]sf] ljifodf k|sfz kfb}{ k|b"lif{t vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] cefjsf sf/0f 7"nf] dfqfdf hgwgsf] gf]S;fg x'g] u/]sf]n] o;sf] k"j{tof/Lsf nflu nfUg' xfdL ;j}sf] bfloTj / lhDd]jf/L xf] eg]/ eGg' eof] . o;sf]

;fy} ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] ;jfn dfgj clwsf/ / ljsf;;+u cGt/ ;DjlGwt /x]sf] x'Fbf hgtf hfu?s, ;r]t / ;+ul7t x'Fg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbFb} ;/sf/n] klg lhDd]jf/ e} hgtf k|lt pQ/bflo ag]/ sfd ug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

uf]i7Lsf ;xefuLx?n] lhNnfdf :jR5 vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg ug{ kg]{df hf]8 lbb} ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of / kmf]x/ tyf ;/;kmfO Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf]

r'gf}tL, ah]6 Joj:yfkg, cfGtl/s ;|f]t ;fwgsf] clwstd pkof]u, sfo{ut Pstf / ;dGjo kf6f]df ljz]if hf]8 lbg' kg]{ atfpb} lhNnfnfO{ rf8f]eGbf

rf8f] v'nf lb;f d'QmIf]q 3f]if0ff ug{sf nflu ;j}

lgsfo / JolQm lqmofzLn x'g kg]{ s'/fdf ;a}sf] Psdt /x]sf] lyof] .

æ3/ 3/df zf}rfno agfcf}+,v'nf lb;f d'Qm cleofgnfO{ ;kmn kf/f}+ .Æ


;g\ @)!& ;Dd ;a}sfnflu cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] /fli6«o nIfdf xfdL sxf“ 5f} <

ljifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGgg]kfnn] ;g\ @)!& ;Dd ;j}sf nflu cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOdf kx'Fr k'–ofpg] /fli6«o nIo lnPsf] 5 . vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :j:R5tfsf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yf k|m]G8\; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfn, jf6/ P8, c;P8 / g]jfsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf “;g\ @)!& ;Dd ;a}sfnflu cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] /fli6«o nIodf xfdL sxfF 5f} <” eGg] ljifos Ps lbg] /fli6«o uf]i7L @)^( r}q !^ ut]

6]«8 6fj/ yfkfynLdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

uf]i7Ldf g]kfnn] ;g\ @)!& ;Dd cfwf/e"t ;/;kmfO / vfg]kfgLdf ztk|ltzt kxF'r k'¥ofpg] nIo cg'¿k

xfn;Ddsf] pknlJwsf] cj:yf / efjL r'gf}ltsf ;DjGwdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ jf6/ P8 g]kfnsf /ljGb|nfn >]i7n]

ljut ;g\ !(() ;fnb]lvsf] g]kfnn] vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfO If]qdf u/]sf] pknlJwsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ o;

If]qdf e}/x]sf k|ultnfO x]bf{ pknlAwd"ns eP klg cem} cfwf/e"t ?kdf !% k|ltzt vfg]kfgL / #* k|ltzt ;/;kmfOdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] kx'Fr gePsf] hgfpb} oxL ultdf dfq k|ult ePdf g]kfnn] k|ltj4tf jdf]lhd nIo xfl;n ug{ ;g\ @)@$ s'g'{kg]{ jtfpg' ePsf] 5 . of] ;dofjlw ;/sf/n] lnPsf] nIf eGbf ;ftjif{ l9nf] xf] .

To;}n] tf]lsPsf] ;dojlwdf nIf xfl;n ug{

o; If]qdf ;/sf/ tyf ;/f]sf/fjfnf lgsfox?n] ltj|tfsf ;fy nfUg'kg]{ jtfpg' eof] .

pQm uf]i7Ldf k|m]G8; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnn]

pbok'/, l;/xf / 8f]6L lhNnfsf !% uf=lj=; / # j6f lhNnf :t/df cWoog d"ns 9+uaf6 lhNNff :t/df ;DdGg ul/Psf] uf]i7Lsf lgrf]8x? k|:t't

ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L g]jfn] ;'v]{t lhNNff / pQm lhNNffsf % j6f uf=lj=; :t/df ;DkGg ul/Psf


uf]i7Lsf lgrf]8x?nfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;dGjo ;ldlt ;'v]{t / pbok'/sf OlGhlgo/ åo cf]dbQ /]UdL / /dfsfGt bjf8Ln] cf– cfkm\gf] lhNnfdf v'nf lb;f d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug{sf nflu ul/Psf k|of;, pknlAw / r'gf}ltsf jf/]df k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

pbok'/ lhNNffsf $% uf=lj=;= dWo] ( 8f]6Lsf] %! Uff=lj=;= dWo %, ;'v]{t lhNNffsf] %! Uff=lj=; dWo] !* uf=lj=; v'nf lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 eg] l;/xf lhNnfsf @ g=kf= / !)^ uf=lj=;= s'g} klg v'nf lb;f d'Qm If]qsf] ¿kdf 3f]if0ff x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;g\ @)!%—)!^ ;Dddf v'nf lb;f d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ nIf /fv]sf pQm lhNNffx?sf] xfn;Ddsf] k|ult x]bf{ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf nIo

k"/f x'g]df z+sf b]lvPsf] 5 eg] 3f]if0f ul/Psf

uf=lj=;=df ;d]t zf}rfnosf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u geO/x]sf] uf]i7Ldf ;xefuLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .

;fnvfnf g]kfnLsf] *% k|ltzt vfg]kfgLdf kxF'r k'u]sf] ePklg pbok'/ lhNnfsf] *( k|ltzt, l;/xf jf;Lsf] () k|ltzt 8f]6L / ;'v]{t jf;Lsf]] ^^ k|lt

vfg]kfgLdf kx'Frdf /x]sf] 5 . To;}ul/ ;fnvfnf g]kfnLsf] ^@ k|ltzt zf}rfnodf kx'Fr k'u]sf] ePklg pbok'/ lhNnfsf] %@ k|ltzt, l;/xf jf;Lsf]

@! k|ltzt 8f]6L $@ k|ltzt / ;'v]{t jf;Lsf]] &!

k|lt zf}rfnodf kx'Frdf /x]sf] uf]i7Ldf hfgsf/L

u/fOPsf] lyof] .

pQm lhNNffx?df cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf]

3f]lift nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu 8f]6L lhNnfdf

jflif{s & s/f]8 ^! Nffv cfjZos kg]{ eP klg

jflif{s & s/f]8 & nfv nufgL x'g] u/]sf], l;/xf

lhNnfdf @^ s/f]8 ^)nfvsf] cfjZos kg]{ eP

klg jflif{s #s/f]8 %# nfv nufgL x'g] u/]sf],

pbok'/df jflif{s !% s/f]8 *# nfv cfjZos

kg]{ ePklg jflif{s ^s/f]8 #* nfv dfq nufgL

x'g] u/]sf] / To;}u/L ;'v]{t lhNnfdf jflif{s !)

s/f]8 *% nfv cfjZos kg]{ ePklg jflif{s ^

s/f]8 #* nfv dfq nufgL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . pQm

uf]i7Ldf ;/sf/åf/f nfu" ul/Psf] /fli6«o ;/;kmfO

u'? of]hgf @)^* k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g

g;s]sf] / u'? of]hgf cg';f/ lhNNff tyf uf=lj=;

:t/df /x]sf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;d]t

u'?of]hgfsf] af/]df k|i6 hfgsf/L gePsf] uf]i7Ldf

jtfOPsf] lyof] . zf}rfno agfpg] qmd a9]sf] t/

k|efjsf/L pkof]u x'g g;s]sf] af/] klg hfgsf/L

u/fOPsf] lyof] .

k|m]G8; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf ;"o{jxfb'/

yfkfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] pQm /fli6«o uf]i7Ldf

vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefu cGt/u{t vfg]kfgL

tyf ;/;kmfO zfvfsf k|d'v /fdrGb| zfx , :jf:Yo

dGqfnosf 8f= lbk]Gb| l;+x, /fli6«o k|sf]k Joj:yfkg

;~hfn-l8dfg_sf dxf;lrj lji0f'k|;fb ltldlN;gf,

g]kfn vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO PnfOG;sf /fli6«o

;+of]hs snfjtL kf]v/]n, g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf

d'lQm kf]v/]n nufot ljleGg jQmfx?n] vfg]kfgL

tyf ;/;kmfOsf] ;jfn dflg;sf] k|ToIf hLjg;Fu

;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePsf] / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;jfn

sf ;fy} cfly{s / ;du| ljsf;;+u ;d]t ;DjlGwt

ePsf] xF'bf o; tkm{ ;a}sf] ulDe/ ?kdf Wofg hfg

lgtfGt cfjZos /x]sf] jtfpg' ePsf] lyof] .


uflj; / gu/kflnsf :t/df vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{

sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!& ;Dddf ;a}sf nflu

vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOdf kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] egL lnPsf]

/fli6«o nIo k"/f ug{] d"n clek|fon] g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f

:jLs[t u/L nfu" ul/Psf] /fli6«o ;/;kmfO u'?

of]hgf @)^* sf] efjgf cg';f/ vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO

/ :j:5tf cleofgdf 7f]; pknAwL xfl;n ug{

?kGb]xL lhNnfsf j'6jn gu/kflnsf / dqmx/,

s]/jfgL, l;S6xg, b]jbx / s/lxof uf=lj;x?df %

jif]{ /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu sfo{zfnf

uf]i7Lx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .

k|m]G8;\ ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfn / vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO

l8lehg sfof{no ?kGb]xLsf] ;xof]u, ;xhLs/0f tyf

;DjGwLt gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;=x?sf] cfof]hgfdf

@)^( r}q $ ut] b]lv b'O{ lbg] vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO /

:j:5tf ;DjGwL /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf sfo{zfnf

uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ePsf lyP . sfo{zfnf

uf]i7Ldf ;DjlGwt gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=; sf k|d'v,

vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldltsf

;b:ox?, /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh, u}/

;/sf/L ;+:yf, :jf:Yo ;+:yf, ljBfno, gfu/Ls

;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . pQm

uf]i7Lx?sf] ;xhLs/0f k|m]G8; ;le{; sfplG;n

g]kfnsf k/dz{bftf lji0f'k|;fb ltldlN;gf

/ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO l8lehg sfof{no

?kGb]xLsf OZj/L k|;fb cfrfo{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

j'6jn gu/kflnsfjf6 cfof]lht pQm

uf]i7Ldf gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L k|d'v vLdjxfb'/

/fodfemLn] :j:5 vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO / :j:5tfsf]


If]qdf gu/kflnsfn] w]/} sfd ug{ jfFsL /x]sf] jtfpg'

x'b} o; If]qdf e} /x]sf ;sf/fTds k|of;x?df

gu/kflnsf ;b}j ;xof]uL x'b} uf]i7Ldf cfpg] ljrf/

/ tof/ x'g] gu/kflnsfsf] /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgfn]

o; If]qdf of]hgfj4 ?kdf sfo{ ug{ ;xof]u ldNg]

ljZjf; JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf] ;dfkg

sfo{qmddf jf]Ng' x'b} j'6jn gu/kflnsfsf jl/i7

clws[t e'jf k|;fb n'O{6]nn] vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO

:j:5tfsf] ljifo dfgj hLjg / dof{bfsf nfuL

cTofjZos eP klg ;j} txdf /x]sf] r]tgfsf

cefjn] ;+w} cf]em]ndf kb}{ cfPsf]] jtfpg'

eof] . uf]i7Ldf /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgfsf cGt/

j:t'x?df Jofks 5nkmn ePsf] jtfpb} o;jf6

jGg] d:of}bf /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgfsf] cWoog

kl5 gu/kflnsfn] cfjZos eP yk 5nkmn

u/L rf8} kfl/t u/L nfu" ug]{ jtfpb}

vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfO / :j:5tfsf] ljifo

dfgjclwsf/sf] ljifo ;d]t ePsf]n] o;

If]qdf 7f]; sfo{ ug{ gu/kflnsf] tof/

/x]sf] / o;sf] nflu /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf

;xof]uL jGg] ljZjf; JoQm ug'[{ ePsf]

lyof] .

To;}u/L uflj; df ;DkGg sfo{zfnf

uf]i7Lx?sf pb\3f6g tyf ;dfkg

sfo{qmdx?df dqmx/ uflj;sf ;lrj b'uf{

jxfb'/ lzl/if, s]/jfgL uflj;sf ;lrj 6]s/fh

e6\6/fO{, l;S6xg uflj;sf ;lrj s[i0f sfkmn],

b]jbx uflj; ;lrj aj|'afxg ;fksf]6f / s/lxosf

uflj;sf ;lrj r'8fd0fL kf08]n] ;DjlGwt uflj;df

cfˆgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . dGtJodf ;lrjx?n]

uflj;sf] vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO / :j:5tf ;DjGwL %

jif]{ /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgfn] ;/sf/af6 3f]lift @)!&

;Dd v'nf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ffsf] /fli6«o nIosf]

cjlw cufj} k'/f ug{] u/L /0fgLlt sfo{of]hgfsf]

nIo x'g]{ jtfpg' ePsf] lyof] . gofF jGg] /0fgLlts

sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu ;xefuLx?n] ug'{ ePsf

;d"xut 5nkmn tyf /fVg' ePsf] ;'emfjx? uflj;

If]qsf ;j} hgtfnfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL, k"0f{ ;/;kmfO

/ :jR5tfdf kx'Fr k'¥ofO{ o; If]qdf lbuf] ljsf;

ug{ ;xof]uL x'g] jtfpg' ePsf] lyof] . uflj;

;lrjx?n] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L pknAwL d"ns ePsf]

jtfpb} uf]i7Ldf k|fKt uxg ljrf/x? ;xefuLx?af6

JoQm efjfgf / k|ltj4tfsf cfwf/df aGg] /0fgLlts

sfo{of]hgfnfO{ uflj;jf6 cfjZos k/] yk 5nkmn

;d]t u/L rf8} kfl/t ul/ nfu" ug]{ k|ltj4tf ;d]t

JoQm ug'{ x'Fb} /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf uflj;sf] nflu

lbzflgb]{zs x'g] / ;f] sf] sfof{Gogdf uflj; ;bf

tTk/ /xg] ;d]t k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .


t]x| j“'b] 3f]if0ff ;lxt l8dfgsf] dxflwj]zg ;DkGg

/fli6«o k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;~hfn, g]kfn -l8dfg_ sf] bf];|f] ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf k|yd dxflwj]zg :yfgLo ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb| hfjnfv]ndf kmfNu'0f !* ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf dfggLo ;b:o uf}/L k|wfgn] kfg;df jQL jfn]/ pb\3f6g ug'{ ePsf] pQm dxflwj]zgdf @% lhNnfsf k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf If]qdf sfo{/t u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+wsf cWoIf zld{nf sfsL{, k"j{ hnzlQm cfof]usf ;lrj, hn>f]t ljb ;f]dgfy kf}8]n, k|sf]k k"j{tof/L ;~hfn -l8lkg]6_ sf cWoIf 8f= ldgjxfb'/ kf}8]n If]qL, pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f d~r g]kfnsf dxf;lrj Hof]lt jflgofF cGt/fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf ;~hfnsf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;+of]hs Zofd z'Gb/ 1jfnL, g]kfn OlGhlgo/ sfplG;nsf pkfWoIf ;/f]h pkfWofon] cfˆgf] ljrf/ ;lxt z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf e"sDk

k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh -Pg;]6_sf ljho pkfWofon] g]kfndf k|sf]ksf] cj:yf / e"sDkLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf r'gf}lt ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

Dfxflwj]zgaf6 k|m]G8; ;le{; sfplG;n g]kfnsf cWoIf ;"o{jxfb'/ yfkf k'g cWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 . clwj]zgn] pkfWoIf,dxf;lrj,;lrj / sf]ifWoIfdf qmdzM jfnd's'Gb ;'jfn eQmk'/, lji0f'k|;fb ltldlN;gf h'Dnf, /fdrGb| zfx wg'iff / b'uf{b]lj d}gfnL sf7df08f}nfO{ lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ;b:ox?df e"k]Gb| v8\sf /f}tx6, dw's/ t'nfw/ nlntk'/, b'uf{gGb rf}w/L pbok'/, ;[hgf yfkf du/ jfUn'Ë, njjxfb'/ lji6 sGrgk'/, uf]kfn k|;fb kGyL c3f{vfrL, ldgf lji6 s f 7d f 0 8 f } , ldng s'df/ >]i7 l;Gw'nL, g]qdl0f cfrfo{ Ko'7fg, dx]z s'df/ >]i7 sf7df08f} lgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf] 5 .


;fy} clwj]zgn] lgDg jdf]lhd !# j'b] k|:tfj kfl/t ub}{} k|:tfjx? sfo{fGjogsfnflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u hf]8bf/ dfu u/]sf] 5 .

!= g]kfn k|sf]ksf] b[li6«sf]0fjf6 clt g} hf]lvdk"0f{ b]zx? dWo] Ps /x]sf] 5 . cWoog cg';f/ g]kfn hn k|sf]ksf] b[li6n] #) cf} / e"sDksf] b[li6«n] !! cf}+, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] b[li6n] rf}yf] hf]lvdk"0f{ b]zsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . k|sf]ksf] b[li6n] cToGt hf]lvd / ;+j]bgzLn cj:yfdf /x]sf g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;'/IffnfO{ /fHosf] k|d'v ;/f]sf/sf] ljifosf] ?kdf cfTd;fy u/L tb\g'?k jh]6 ;d]t ljlgof]hg u/L k|sf]k k"j{tof/Lsf nflu /fHosf ;j} tx, lgsfo / kIf;Fu of] ;ef hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

@= k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DjGwL x\of]uf] 3f]if0ffkq tyf sfo{ ;+/rgf / cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnn] u/]sf k|ltj4tfx? tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{ / xfn;Dd ePsf k|ultsf] ;dLIff u/L k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/;+u of] ;ef hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

#= k|sf]ksf] b[li6n] ;+s6fled'v If]q klxrfg Pj+d hf]lvddf /x]sf k|sf]k kLl8tx?sf] ;'/Iff tyf

;+/If0f / k|sf]ksf sf/0f lj:yflkt kl/jf/sf nflu Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ug{ ljZjJofkL /fxt dfkb08 (sphere standerd) cg'?k dfgjLo ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg ;/sf/;+u of] ;ef hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

$= b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ P]gnfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L clwsf/d'vL cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t P]gsf] th'{df u/L tTsfn nfu" ug{ ;/sf/ ;dIf of] ;ef hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

%= k|sf]kjf6 x'g] Iflt Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ejg lgdf{0f ;+lxtfnfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L /fli6«o cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ dfkb08 cg's"nsf] ejg lgdf{0f ;lxtf th'{df u/L s8fOsf ;fy nfu" ug{ / k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug{sf ;fy} pko'Qm cfjf; If]q klxrfg ul/ ;'/lIft j;f]jf;sf] Joj:yf ug{ of] ;ef hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

^= dfgj lgld{t sdhf]/ ef}lts ;+/rgfs} sf/0f hf]lvdnfO{ lgDtfpg] sfd e}/x]sf] 5 . lgwf{l/t dfkb08 ljk/Lt ;e]{ l8hfog ug]{ k|fljlws / lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ jgfpg cfjZos gLlt / sfg"gsf] th'{df u/L k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;/sf/ ;dIf of] ;ef hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

&= k|sf]ksf] eflj hf]lvdtfnfO{ Go"gLs/0f / Joj:yfkg /fHosf] bfloTj ePsf]n] ;f] bfloTj k|efjsf/L jgfpg clwsf/ ;DkGg cg'udg lgsfosf] ?kdf /fli6«o k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg k|flws/0fsf] :yfkgf ug{ of] ;ef ;/sf/;Fu hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

*= k|sf]kjf6 dflg;sf] jfFRg kfpFg] clwsf/ ;d]tsf dfgj clwsf/df u+le/ k|efj kfg]{ tYo xfd|f] ;fd' /x]sf] 5 . k|sf]ksf] k|efjsf/L Go"gLs/0f , Joj:yfkgsf] bfloTj


/fHosf] ePsf]n] /fHosf lgsfox?jf6 ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ u/fpg / ljkb\sf] cj:yfdf k|efjsf/L dfgj clwsf/sf] cg'udg ug{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ cfjZos lgb]{lzsf hf/L ug{ of] ;ef xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .

(= k|sf]ksf] ;jfn /fxt p4f/;+u dfq ;DjlGwt geO{ ljsf;, ;'/Iff / clwsf/;Fu k|ToIf ;DjlGwt /x]sf]n] x/]s ljsf; cfof]hgf / lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ubf{ k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] b[li6«sf]0fjf6 kl/of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf nfuL hf]8bf/ ?kdf of] ;ef dfu ub{5 .

!) k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ ;/sf/, JolQm / s'g} ;+:yfsf] PSnf] k|of;jf6 dfq ;Dej 5}g . t;y{ /fHo leq lqmofzLn ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L÷ /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+w ;+:yf÷ gLlh If]q / gfu/Ls ;dfhsf aLr /fli6«o tyf :yflgo :t/df k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf nflu cf cfkm\gf] :yfgjf6 k|efjsf/L ;xsfo{sf] xft]dfnf] ug{ of] ;ef xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .

!!= k|sf]ksf] ;fdgf ug{} kg]{ cj:yf oyfy{tf xf] . k|sf]knfO{ Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf of]ubfg ug{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . o;y{ k|sf]ksf] If]qdf sfo{/t JolQm tyf ;+w ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf 7f]; sfo{qmdx? Nofpg ;/sf/ ;dIf of] ;ef ;/sf/;Fu hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

!@ k|sf]k Joj:yfkg If]qdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+w ;+:yfsf sfd sf/jfxL kf/bzL{ / hgpQ/bfoL x'g g;ls/x]sf] u'gf;f] Jofks 5 . t;y{ o; If]qdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+w ;+:yfsf sfd sf/jfxL kf/bzL{ / hgpQ/bfoL jGg jgfpg of] ;ef xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .

!#= ;/sf/n] xfn ;Dd k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf cfTd;fy gu/L/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;jf6 k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] If]qsf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥of{O{/x]sf ;+w;+:yfx? k|lt ;/sf/n] b]vfpb} cfPsf] pk]Iff k|lt u+le/ Wofgfsif{0f u/fpb} cfufdL lbgdf o; If]qdf sfo{/t ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf cfTd;fy ug{ / ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu of] ;ef ;/sf/;+u hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

pQm dxflwj]zgdf jQmfx?n] g]kfnsf] k|sf]ksf] cj:yf jf/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFb} k|sf]ksf] ;jfn dflg;sf] hLjg / d/0f;+u ;DjlGwt /x]sf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbFb} k|sf]ksf] ;jfn ;du| cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs / dfgj clwsf/;Fu ufl;Psf] o; tkm{ hgtf cfkm}F ;r]t ;+ul7t / hfu¿s x'g'kb{5 eg] ;/sf/ j9L lhDd]jf/ / hgtf k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] . lhNnfsf ;xefuLx?n] lhNnfsf] k|sf]ksf] cj:yf, sfof{Gjogsf] kIf / r'gf}tLsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

æljZjsf] @)) b]zx?df ul/Psf] cWoog cg';f/ g]kfn e"sDksf] b[li6sf]0faf6 !! cf}+, af9Lsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 #)cf}+

/hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] lx;fjaf6 pTkGg hf]lvdsf] rf}yf}+

hf]lvdk"0f{ b]zdf kb{5 .Æ


e"ldsf

g]kfn ljkb\sf sf/0f cTolws k|efljt eO/xg]

d'n'ssf] ;"rLdf k5{ . e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf lx;fjn]

g]kfn ljZjsf !(* d'n'sdWo] P3f/f}F, hnpTkGg k|sf]ksf] hf]lvdsf] lx;fan] tL;f}F / hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 pTkGg hf]lvdsf] lx;fjn] rf}yf] :yfgdf k/]sf] 5 . b]zsf clwsf+z If]q af9L, klx/f], dxfdf/L, cfunfuL, zLtnx/, lxdtfn lj:kmf]6, lxdklx/f] / e"sDksf] hf]lvddf /x]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t æljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^^Æ df Joj:yf ePadf]lhd ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{nfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . ;f]cg'¿k ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k4ltnfO{ ljsf;sf ljifout If]qdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f u/L ljkb\ pTyfgzLn;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] k|of;nfO{ cl3 a9fpg' h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ljkb\hGo hf]lvd Joj:yfkgnfO{ s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd lj:tf/ u/L ;a} txsf ljsf;;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug{ ' kg]{ oyfy{tfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub{} lbuf] ljsf;sf] dfGotfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{, :yfgLo ;|f]t, ;fwg tyf Ifdtfsf] clwstd\ pkof]u u/L ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;xeflutfd"ns, kf/bzL{, pQ/bfoL, ;dfj]zL / lhDd]jf/ agfpg ljkb\ hf]lvd

Joj:yfkg /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^^ sf] d"n efjgf

tyf dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ælhNnf

ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf, @)^*Æ :jLs[t u/L nfu" ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df lgb{]lzsf, @)^(

kl/R5]b– !

k|f/lDes

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M

!_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd ælhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf, @)^(Æ /x]sf] 5 .

@_ of] lgb]{lzsf t'?Gt nfu" x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;ª\un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf M–

-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-v_ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-u_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] ;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnonfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-3_ æljifout dGqfnoÆ eGgfn] ;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoafx]ssf g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljsf; lgdf{0f Pj+ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] k|jfx;Fu ;DalGwt cGo dGqfnox¿nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-ª_ æ/fli6«o /0fgLltÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6

:jLs[t ePsf] æljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^^Æ nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-r_ æljsf; ;fem]bf/Æ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd gub, lhG;L Pj+

k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] låkIfLo


Pj+ ax'kIfLo bft[ lgsfo, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo

lgsfox¿, /]8qm; / cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L

;+:Yff cflbnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-5_ æ:yfgLo lgsfoÆ eGgfn] :yfgLo :jfoQ

zf;g P]g, @)%% adf]lhd ul7t lhNnf

ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf;

;ldlt nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-h_ æljkb\Æ eGgfn] k|fs[lts jf u}/k|fs[lts sf/0faf6 pTkGg ljklQk"0f{ cj:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g} klg 7fpFdf ljklQk"0f{ cj:yf l;h{gf eO{ hgwgsf] Ifltsf] ;fy} hLjgofkgdf k|lts"n c;/ k/L jf kf/L ljkb\af6 k|efljt JolQm jf ;d'bfosf] cfˆg} ;|f]t / Ifdtfaf6 ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg], afXo ;xof]usf] cfjZostf kg]{, b'Mvb\ tyf si6k"0f{ k|fs[lts jf u}/k|fs[lts ljkb\ / hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 x'g ;Sg] ljklQk"0f{ cj:yfnfO{ ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .

-em_ æhnjfo' kl/jt{gÆ eGgfn] dflg;sf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf lqmofsnfksf sf/0f ljZj– jfo'd08nsf] ;+/rgfdf cfO/x]sf] kl/jt{gnfO{ s'g} Ps ;dofjlwdf ePsf] k|fs[lts hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu t'ngf ubf{ b]lvg] leGgtfnfO{

;Demg' k5{ .

-`_ æk|fs[lts ljkb\Æ eGgfn] lxdkft, lxdklx/f], lxdtfn lj:kmf]6gaf6 pTkGg af9L, cltj[li6, cfFwL, cgfj[li6, v8]/L, x'l/atf;, zLtnx/,

tftf]xfjfsf] nx/ -n" , r6\ofª, cl;gfkfgL,

e"sDk, Hjfnfd'vL ljikmf]6, klx/f] tyf e":vngh:tf k|fs[lts sf/0faf6 pTkGg

ljkb\nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-6_ æu}/k|fs[lts ljkb\Æ eGgfn] dxfdf/L,

clgsfn, 89]nf], sL6cftª\s, ;"Id lhjf0f'

cftª\s, kz' tyf a8{ˆn', KofG8flds ˆn',

;k{b+z, hgfj/ cftª\s, vfgL b'3{6gf, xjfO

jf ;8s jf hn b'3{6gf, cf}Bf]lus b'3{6gf,

cfunfuL, ljiffQm Uof; jf /;fog r'xfj6,

ljls/0f, Uof; ljikmf]6g, ljiffQm vfB ;]jg, jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f, jgljgfz, ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] Iflt tyf ljkb\sf ;dodf ul/g] p4f/ sfo{sf qmddf x'g] b'3{6gf cflbnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-7_ æljkb\ Joj:yfkgÆ eGgfn] ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg / Go"gLs/0f, ljkb\ k"j{tof/L, ljkb\ k|ltsfo{ jf ljkb\ k'gnf{e;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfknfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-8_ æljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fÆ eGgfn] ljkb\k"j{ ul/g] ljkb\ hf]lvd ljZn]if0f tyf d"Nofª\sg, ljkb\ /f]syfd, ljkb\ cNkLs/0f tyf ljsf; sfo{df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0f;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-9_ æk"j{tof/LÆ eGgfn] ljkb\ x'g'k"j{ ;Defljt ljkb\sf] k|ltsf/sf] nflu ul/g] ;a}k|sf/sf tof/L / ljkb\sf] ;Defljt hf]lvd Joj:yfkg / Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-0f_ æljkb\ k|ltsfo{Æ eGgfn] ljkb\sf] 36gf

x'gf;fy tTsfn} ul/g] vf]hL tyf p4f/ Pj+ /fxt ljt/0f;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{ / To;sf

nflu ul/g] cfjZos k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;Demg'

k5{ .

-t_ æljkb\ k'gnf{eÆ eGgfn] ljkb\sf] 36gfkl5


ul/g] cfhLljsfsf] Joj:yf, k'gM:yfkgf,

k'glg{df{0f tyf lbuf] ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt

sfo{nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-y_ æof]hgf th'{df ;ldltÆ eGgfn] o;

lgb{]lzsfadf]lhd lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg

of]hgf th'{df ug{sf] nflu ul7t ;ldltnfO{

;Demg' k5{ .

-b_ æof]hgfÆ eGgfn] o; lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd tof/ x'g] :yfgLo ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-w_ æcg'bfgÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt x'g] lgMzt{ tyf ;zt{ cg'bfg, ljleGg dGqfno, sfo{qmd, ljsf; ;ldlt, sf]if / bft[ lgsfoaf6 pknAw x'g] ljQLo, k|fljlws Pj+ j:t'ut ;xof]u;d]tnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

-g_ ænlIft ;d"xÆ eGgfn] cfly{s ¿kdf k5fl8 k/]sf ljkGg ju{sf dlxnf Pj+ afnaflnsf tyf cfly{s / ;fdflhs ¿kdf lk5l8Psf ;a} hfthfltsf ljkGg ju{x¿ -Ho]i7 gful/s, blnt, cflbjf;L, hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:nd / k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿, Psn dlxnf cflb;d]t_, ljkb\ k|efljt jf ;ª\s6f;Gg ;d'bfo tyf JolQmx¿ Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/n] nlIft ;d"x

egL tf]s]sf ju{ Pj+ ;d'bfonfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

#= lgb{]lzsfsf] p2]ZoM

lhNnfsf cfjlws / jflif{s of]hgf k|lqmofdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf ljlwnfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug'{

o; lgb]{lzsfsf] d"n p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . lgb]{lzsfsf

ljlzi6 p2]Zo b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ M

-s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] tof/ ug]{ ljkb\

Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{dfnfO{ Jofjxfl/s

agfpg Go"gtd cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ug'{,

-v_ lhNnfdf /x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ljkb\sf]

;ª\s6f;Ggtf, hf]lvd / Ifdtf ljZn]if0f

ug{, ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf k|fylds If]q klxrfg ug{ / klxrfg ePsf If]qnfO{ ljsf;of]hgfdf ;dflxt ug]{ ljz]if Joj:yf u/L lhNnfsf] lbuf] ljsf;nfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg',

-u_ hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ljkb\af6 x'g] hgwgsf] Iflt Go"g ug{ ljsf; k|lqmofdf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f u/L ljkb\ pTyfgzLn ;dfhsf] ljsf;df of]ubfg ug'{,

-3_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngnfO{ lhNnf txdf ;+:yfut ug{ ;~rfng x'g] ljsf; sfo{qmddf ;a} If]q / ju{sf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug'{ .

-ª=_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ PsLs[t ¿kdf ;~rfng u/L bf]xf]/f]kgf x6fpg / o; If]qdf ePsf] nufgLsf] pkof]unfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{,

$= lgb]{lzsfsf] sfof{GjogM o; lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd

tof/ ePsf] lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfnfO{ lhNnfsf] cfjlws tyf jflif{s gLlt

tyf sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;

lgb]{lzsfsf] k|of]u lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn]

cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/leq ;~rfng x'g] ljkb\ Joj:yfkg / hnjfo' kljt{g cg's"ng;DaGwL


sfo{qmdsf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf

d"Nofª\sg / k|efljt ;d'bfonfO{ lhNnf b}jL

k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt;Fusf] ;dGjodf pknAw

u/fpg] ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfsf] k|jfxsf nflu ug'{

kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b M @

ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog

%= k|f/lDes tof/LM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{dfsf qmddf k|yd r/0fdf lgDgadf]lhdsf k|lqmof k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 M–

-s_ lhNnf txdf k|f/lDes e]nf / of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt u7g

-!_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] æljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^^Æ / k|rlnt sfg'gsf] :yflkt l;4fGtadf]lhd lhNnfdf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljkb\sf] hf]lvd Joj:yfkg u/L hgwgsf] /Iffsf nflu lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt, lhNnfl:yt ljifout sfof{no, gful/s ;dfh, lghL tyf u}/;sf/L If]q, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng / ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L lhNnfsf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf lj:t[t 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ pkbkmf s-!_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmnaf6 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cg';"rL–! adf]lhd ælhNnf

ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldltÆ sf]

u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ of]hgf th'{df ;ldltn] cfjZos 7fg]df ljkb\

Joj:yfkg If]qsf lj1;d]t /x]sf] cg';"rL–@

adf]lhd æof]hgf th'{df sfo{bnÆ u7g ug{

;Sg]5 .

-v_ k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf

-!_ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ug{

cfjZos ljz]if1 ;]jf jf k/fdz{sf] nflu

lhNnfsf ljifout sfof{nodf pknAw

ljz]if1sf] ;]jf lng' kg]{5 . t/, :yfgLo k|fljlwsaf6 dfq sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;Sg] cj:yf /x]df aflx/af6 ljz]if1;]jf k|fKt ug{ cj/f]w k'Ug] 5}g .

-@_ of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu ljkb\ tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL uflj; txsf ;"rgf, tYofª\s

/ ;jfn ;ª\sng ug{ of]hgf th'{df ;ldltn] ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf ;lrj tyf :yfgLo

txdf sfo{/t :jo+;]jsx¿nfO{ kl/rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ uflj; txsf ;"rgf, tYofª\s / ;jfn ;ª\sngsf nflu 5gf]6 ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;ª\s6f;Ggtf tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0f;DaGwL tflnd pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

tflndsf] cfwf/e"t ljifoj:t' cg';"rL–# adf]lhd

x'g]5 .

^= ljkb\ hf]lvd tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0fM of]hgf th'{dfsf] bf];|f] r/0fdf lgDgadf]lhdsf k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{ kg]{5 M–

-s_ k|fljlws cWoog / hf]lvd ljZn]if0f

-!_ lhNnfsf] ;du| ef}uf]lns, ef}ule{s cj:yf, hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg, e"pkof]u

k|0ffnL, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj / To;af6

ljkb\sf] cfj[lQ tyf k|j[lQdf b]lvPsf]


cj:yf cflbsf] ;d]t cWoog u/L lhNnfdf

x'g;Sg] ljkb\sf] hf]lvd klxrfg, gS;fª\sg

/ ljZn]if0f cg';"rL– $ adf]lhdsf ljkb\

hf]lvd ljZn]if0fsf k|fljlws ljlw tyf

cf}hf/x¿sf] k|of]u u/L ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ lhNnfsf] k|fs[lts tyf ef}uf]lns /

ef}ule{s hf]lvd ljZn]if0f ubf{ s[lif, jg tyf jftfj/0fÙ ef}lts k"jf{wf/Ù lzIff tyf ;fdflhs / pBf]u, hn;|f]t tyf ko{6gh:tf ljsf;sf ljifout If]q / hLljsf]kfh{gsf kfFr ;DklQ -k|fs[lts, dfgjLo, ;fdflhs, ef}lts / cfly{s_ df kl//x]sf] / kg{;Sg] k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ lhNnfdf hnjfo' kljt{g / ljkb\af6 hghLljsfsf] If]qdf k/]sf] k|efj;DaGwL cWoogsf] qmddf s'g–s'g gu/kflnsf jf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt s] sf/0fn] hf]lvddf /x]sf 5g\ eGg] ljZn]if0f u/L gu/kflnsf jf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] hf]lvd :t/Ls/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ pkbkmf s -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] cWoogsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ lhNnfsf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] ljZn]if0f bkmf ^-v_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t ljlwaf6 ug'{ kg]{5 .

-v_ ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s hf]lvd ljZn]if0f M

-!_ bkmf ^-s_ adf]lhdsf] cWoog k|ltj]bgn] klxrfg u/]sf hf]lvdnfO{ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t

dfGotf tyf l;sfO / k|rlnt ljsf; k|lqmof;Fu ;dfof]hg ub}{ cg';"rL–% adf]lhd

tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ lhNnfsf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s

;ª\s6f;Ggtf ljZn]if0f ubf{ ufpF ljsf;

;ldlt txsf ljkb\ / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL

;"rgf, ;jfn / tYofª\s k|fKt ug{ cg';"rL–^

adf]lhdsf ;ª\s6f;Ggtf, hf]lvd / Ifdtf

ljZn]if0fsf cf}hf/x¿ k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ lhNnfsf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s hf]lvd ljZn]if0f ubf{ s[lif, jg tyf jftfj/0fÙ e}lts k"jf{wf/Ù lzIff tyf ;fdflhs / pBf]u, hn;|f]t tyf ko{6gh:tf ljsf;sf ljifout If]q / hLljsf]kfh{gsf cfwf/e"t kfFr ;DklQdf ljutdf k/]sf] k|efjsf cfwf/df eljZodf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-%_ pkbkmf v -!_, -@_, / -#_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt glthfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ cg';"rL–& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf gu/kflnsf jf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] hf]lvd :t/Ls/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-^_ lhNnfsf gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltn] :yfgLo ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf, @)^* adf]lhd of]hgf th'{df u/]sf eP To:tf] of]hgfn] k|fyldsLs/0f u/]sf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d]t lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfn] ;Daf]wg lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{5 .

-&_ lhNnfleqsf gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf;

;ldltc¿n] :yfgLo ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg

of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf, @)^* adf]lhd of]hgf th'{df gu/]sf] eP gu/kflnsf / ufpF

ljsf; ;ldltx¿nfO{ :yfgLo ljkb\ hf]lvd

Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ug{ cfjZos


;xof]u tyf ;xhLs/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-u_ lhNnfsf] Ifdtf ljZn]if0f M

-!_ lhNnfdf klxrfg ePsf ljkb\ / hnjfo'

kl/jt{gaf6 kg]{ k|efjsf] ;fdgf u/L ljkb\af6

pTyfgzLn ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0f ug{ s]–s:tf

;|f]t, ;fwg / Ifdtf df}h'bf /x]sf 5g\ To;sf]

klxrfg / ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ lhNnfsf] Ifdtf ljZn]if0fsf qmddf ljutb]lv ljkb\ / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjsf] ;fdgf ug{ ckgfOPsf k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, k|ljlw / ljlwsf] klxrfg ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf 1fg, ;Lk, k|ljlw / ljlwsf] pkof]u / ltgsf] k'gM:yfkgfsf ;fy} cfw'lgs 1fg, k|ljlw / ;LkaLr pko'Qm tfbfTDotf ldnfpFb} lhNnfsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs tyf ef}lts ;|f]tn] Eofpg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;af/] klg ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL lhNnfdf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{ljlw, ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf ;fy} ljkb\ k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{, k'gnf{e, ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgh:tf If]qdf pknAw ;|f]t, ;fwg, pks/0f, dfgj ;|f]t cflbsf] ljZn]if0f u/L gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx¿ ;d]tnfO{ ;d]6]/ lgsfout cfwf/df k|fs[lts, dfgjLo, ef}lts, ;fdflhs / ljQLo ;DklQnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ cg';"rL– ^ adf]lhdsf cf}hf/x¿sf]

k|of]u u/L lhNnfdf pknAw Ifdtfsf]

ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-3_ ;ª\s6f;Ggtf, hf]lvd tyf Ifdtf kfZj{lrq tof/L M

-!_ pkbkmf -s_, -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd ul/Psf]

ljkb\ / hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 pTkGg x'g] hf]lvd

/ Ifdtf ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt glthfnfO{ PsLs[t

u/L cg';"rL– * adf]lhd ;ª\s6f;Ggtf,

hf]lvd tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0f kfZj{lrq tof/

ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ ;ª\s6f;Ggtf, hf]lvd / Ifdtf ljZn]if0f ubf{ ljkb\ / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|s[ltsf cfwf/df s[lif, jg tyf jftfj/0fÙ ef}lts k"jf{wf/Ù lzIff tyf ;fdflhs / pBf]u, hn;|f]t tyf ko{6gh:tf :yfgLo ljsf;sf ljifout If]qdf kg]{ k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ ljZn]if0fsf qmddf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg rqmsf k|fjwfgsf] ;Daf]wg x'g]u/L ljkb\ Joj:yfkg rqmsf k|To]s r/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjÙ hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 hghLjgdf kl//x]sf] tyf eljiodf kg{;Sg] k|efj / To:tf] k|efjsf] ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljZn]if0faf6 hf]lvdsf] oyfy{ cj:yf klxrfg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ kfZj{lrqn] lhNnfcGtu{tsf gu/kflnsf jf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf b]lvPsf ;Defljt ljkb\ tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] hf]lvd / hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu :yfgLo ljsf;sf ljifout If]qdf ckgfpg' kg]{ pkfoaf/] :ki6 lbzflgb]{z ug'{ kg{5] .

&= lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/LM -!_

;ª\s6f;Ggtf, hf]lvd tyf Ifdtf kfZj{lrqdf klxrfg ePsf ;d:ofnfO{ lhNnfsf] ;|f]t,

;fwg / Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df pRr tyf dWod

hf]lvddf k/]sf gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf lhNnf txaf6 ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ ljkb\

Joj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng;DaGwL


lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfqmddf /fvL

of]hgf th'{df sfo{bnn] cg';"rL–( adf]lhd

lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] d:of}bf

tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ug]{

qmddf u[x dGqfnoåf/f hf/L ePsf] ælhNnf

ljkb\ k"j{tof/L tyf k|ltsfo{ of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf, @)^&Æ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] lhNnf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L tyf k|ltsfo{ of]hgfnfO{ cnUu} v08sf] ¿kdf /fvL k|ltsfo{df ;+nUg x'g] lgsfox¿;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;ª\s6f;Ggtf, hf]lvd / Ifdtf ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cWofjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] d:of}bf of]hgfnfO{ of]hgf th'{df sfo{bnn] lhNnf ljkb\

Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldltaf6 k|:t't ePsf] d:of}bf of]hgfdfly lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;a} If]q, ju{ / ljz]ifu/L pRr / dWod ;ª\s6f;Gg gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf a[xt\ sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm sfo{zfnfaf6 d:of}bf of]hgfpk/ k|fKt k[i7kf]if0f;d]t ;dfj]z u/L d:of}bf of]hgfnfO{ clGtd ¿k

lbO{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

*= of]hgfsf] :jLs[ltM lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldltaf6 tof/ ePsf] lhNnf

ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfnfO{ lhNnf b}jL

k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt;Fusf] ;dGjodf lhNnf

ljsf; ;ldltsf ljifout ;ldlt tyf

PsLs[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt / lhNnf

ljsf; ;ldlt x'Fb} cfjZos kl/dfh{g;lxt

lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t u/fpg' kg]{5 .

(= ah]6 Joj:yfM -!_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

/ ljifout sfof{nox¿n] ljkb\ Joj:yfkg

of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ cfˆgf jflif{s sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/L k|fyldstfsf ;fy ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/L sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfngsf] nflu :yfgLo ;fem]bf/x¿n] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;dGjo / lgb]{zgdf /xL ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{5 .

-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t æljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt sfo{qmdÆ,hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL æ/fli6«o cg's"ng sfo{qmdÆ / æ:yfgLo cg's"ng sfo{qmdÆ x¿n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf sfo{qmd / ah]6;d]t kl/rfng ug'{kg]{5 .

!)= of]hgfsf] sfof{GjogM -!_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] :jLs[t ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog :yfgLo lgsfo, ljifout sfof{no Pj+ lhlj;sf] ;dGjodf cGo :yfgLo ;fem]bf/x¿ dfkm{t u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

-@_ ljkb\ Joj:Yffkgsf] If]qdf sfo{/t lhNnfl:yt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ tyf ljsf; ;fem]bf/

x¿n] :jLs[t ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf]

sfof{Gjog lhlj;sf] k|ToIf lgb]{zgdf /xL sfd ug'{ kg]{5 .


-#_ ljkb\ Joj:Yffkgsf] If]qdf sfo{/t lhNnfl:yt

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ tyf ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿n]

cfkm\gf] jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6sf] 5nkmn

lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt

tyf :yfgLo :t/sf] ljsf; of]hgf th'{df

k|lqmofsf k|To]s r/0fdf :yfgLo cfjZostf

tyf k|fyldstf;Fu ;fd~h:otf x'g] u/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .

!!= cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sgM -!_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ubf{ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] ;d]t lgoldt cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf u7g ePsf] cg'udg ;ldltn] ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf ;d]t d"Nofª\sg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL k|fyldstf k|fKt /fli6«o sfo{qmdaf6 lhNnfleq ;~rfng ePsf sfo{qmdx¿sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sgsf] nflu :jLs[t ul/Psf cg'udg ;"rsx¿adf]lhd cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf x'g] ;dLIffdf lhNnf :t/df ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfon] cfkm\gf] sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-%_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{

;+:yfx¿n] cfkm\gf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf

/ sfofGjogsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg] lgsfodf k]z

ug'{ kg]{5 .

!@= of]hgfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf cWofjlwsLs/0fM -!_ lhNnfsf] s'g} klg If]qdf pTkGg ljkb\sf

sf/0f ;ª\s6f;Ggtf, hf]lvd / Ifdtfdf k/]sf]

k|efjnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ k|To]s jif{ of]hgfsf]

k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf of]hgf

tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ lhNnf ljkb\ k"j{tof/L tyf k|ltsfo{ of]hgfnfO{ o; of]hgfsf] kl/k"/s cª\usf] ¿kdf lnO{ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / lhNnf cfkt\sfnLg sfo{;~rfng s]Gb|;d]t sf] cu'jfOdf k|ltsfo{df ;+nUg x'g] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf lgoldt k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b— #

ljljw

!#= of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu hgzlQm tyf ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfM -s_ bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ljz]if1sf] Joj:yf lhNnfdf pknAw ;|f]t–;fwgsf] cj:yf;d]t klxrfg u/L cfjZostfcg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ Jofjxfl/s / k|efjsf/L of]hgf th'{df

tyf sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhNnftxdf ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] cefj ePdf ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿;Fusf] ;xof]udf To:tf] k|fljlws ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-#_ of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu ljsf; ;fem]bf/dfkm{t\

;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt / sfo{bnn] o; lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd

To:tf] ;xof]usf] clwstd pkof]u x'g]u/L

of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{5 .


-$_ of]hgf th'{df Pj+ sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljsf;

;fem]bf/dfkm{t\ ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfˆgf] ;|f]t;d]t

kl/rfng u/L of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf]

k|aGw ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

!$= dGqfnosf] lhDd]jf/LM ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf

;DaGwdf dGqfnosf] lhDd]jf/L b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–

-!_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sfo{qmdnfO{ ljsf;sf gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmddf ;dfof]hg ug]{ u/fpg] .

-@_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ;d'bfo txsf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df u/L nfu" ug{ cfjZos kg]{ >f]t k'l:tsfx¿ (Manuals) tof/ u/L Ifdtf ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ .

-#_ :yfgLo :t/df ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ s]Gb|Lo :t/sf lgsfoxaLr ;dGjo sfod ug]{, ;|f]tsf] vK6\ofOF / bf]xf]/f]kg x'g glbg] .

-$_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog ug{ lhNnf ljsf; ;dldltsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ .

-%_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg

tyf d"Nofª\sg lgoldt ¿kdf ug]{5 .

!%= lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] lhDd]jf/LM ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf lhNnf ljsf;

;ldltsf]

lhDd]jf/L b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–

-!_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] of]hgfn] klxrfg

u/]sf] pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf] gu/kflnsf / ufpF

ljsf; ;ldlt 5gf]6 u/L lhNnf kl/ifb\af6

:jLs[t u/fP/ PsLs[t ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf]

dfWodaf6 æljkb\ Joj:yfkg gd'gf gu/ jf

ufpFÆ sf] ljsf; ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ gd"gf gu/ jf ufpFsf] ljsf; ubf{ ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu ;d]t ;xsfo{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-#_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/]/ sf]if ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L ;f]xLadf]lhd k|To]s jif{ ah]6 5'6\ofpg' kg]{5 . gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf ;d]t sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ug{ ;xof]u tyf 6]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt / sfo{bnsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:o / gu/kflnsf Pj+ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L tyf :yfgLo ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf nflu ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

-%_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf lhNnfdf sfo{ ug]{ ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yf / ;f]cGt/ut /x]sf bIf hgzlQm tyf :jtGq lj1x¿sf] ;d"xsf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

-^_ lhNnfsf] jflif{s tyf cfjlws of]hgfdf ljkb\

Joj:yfkgsf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;dfj]z u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{, u/fpg'

kg]{5 .

-&_ gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt:t/Lo ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df u/L


sfof{Gjog ug{ gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf;

;ldltx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-*_ lhNnfdf ;~rflnt ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL

sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg lgoldt

¿kdf ug'{ kg]{5 .

-(_ ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yf, lghL

If]qsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;dGjo, cg'udg, ;dLIff / d'Nofª\sg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-!)_ gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt :t/df ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df eOg;s]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] of]hgf th{d' f ug{ gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .

-!!_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf qmddf lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, ljifout sfof{nox¿, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿, :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfgdf ;+nUg lgsfox¿, gu/ljsf; ;ldlt, ljBfnox¿ tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / lghL If]qaLr ;dGjo ug'{ kg]{5 .

-!@_lhNnfdf k|fs[lts tyf dfgj l;lh{t ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;Gbe{df lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf] lg/Gt/ ;dGjodf /xL lhNnfdf sfo{/t ;ª\3, ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, cGt/fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf,

/]8qm;, :sfp6 ;d]tsf] k|efjsf/L kl/rfng ug]{ jftfj/0f ldnfpg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 .

!^= gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] lhDd]jf/LM ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf

gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf]

lhDd]jf/L b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–

-!_ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt

/ sfo{bnnfO{ cfkm\gf] If]qsf] ljkb\;DaGwL

tYofª\s, ;"rgf, k|d'v ;d:ofh:tf hfgsf/L

cfjZostfcg';f/ oyf;dodf pknAw

u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt

/ sfo{bnn] v6fPsf ;xhstf{, ;"rgf ;ª\sngstf{ / k|fljlwsnfO{ cfkm\gf] If]qsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf af/]df oyfy{ ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] / cfjZostfcg';f/ :ynut e|d0f u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-#_ gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf ;ª\s6f;Gg j8f / cfjf; If]q tyf ;d'bfo txsf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df Pj+ sfof{Gjog ug{ cfly{s Pj+ k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5.

-$_ :yfgLo ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog / ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .

-%_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] jflif{s tyf cfjlws of]hgfdf k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;dfj]z u/L lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] cleGg cª\usf] ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .

-^_ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgfnfO{ oyfy{df

cfwfl/t agfpg of]hgf th'{dfsf qmddf

cfjZos tYofª\s / ;"rgf ;ª\sngsf nflu j8f gful/s d~rsf k|ltlglw, gful/s

;r]tgf s]Gb|, 6f]s ljsf; ;+:yf÷;fd'bflos


;ª\3;+:yf / ;fdflhs kl/rfnsx¿nfO{

kl/rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

!&= ;DalGwt lgsfox¿sf] st{JoM -!_ o;

lgb]{lzsfdf ePsf d"ne"t l;4fGtsf] kfngf

x'g] u/L sfo{qmd th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog ug'{

u/fpg' ;DalGwt ;a}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

-@_ lhNnfsf] ljsf; of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;a} sfo{qmdnfO{ lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] kl/k"/s x'g] u/L ;~rfng ug'{kg]{5 .

-#_ lhNnfdf ;~rfng x'g] ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ ;DalGwt ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo, ;ª\3;+:yf tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx¿n] ;d]t o;} lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd ;~rfng ug'{, u/fpg' kg]{5 .

!*= yk36 / x]/km]/M o; lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gjogsf qmddf s'g} afwf c8\rg cfOk/]df To:tf] afwf c8rg km'sfpg] k|of]hgsf nflu dGqfnon] cfjZostfcg';f/ JofVof, yk36, ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!(= lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd x'g]M o; lgb]{lzsf nfu" x'g'k"j{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg;DaGwL :jLs[t tyf sfof{Gjog ePsf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd o;} lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .

cg';"rL– !

-bkmf %=s-@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt tyf

sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/

!= lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldltsf]

u7g

!_ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L ;+of]hs

@_ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf clws[t

k|ltlglw ;b:o

#_ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, k|d'v ;b:o

$_ ;z:q k|x/L ansf] sfof{no, k|d'v ;b:o

%_ g]kfnL ;]gf Jof/]s, k|d'v ;b:o

^_ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

&_ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

*_ lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf k|d'v ;b:o

(_ lhNnf jg sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

!)_ lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

!!_ lhNnf e";+/If0f sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

!@_ hnpTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f l8lehg sfof{nosf k|d'v ;b:o

!#_ ;8s l8lehg sfof{nosf k|d'v ;b:o

!$_ lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

!%_ lhNnfl:yt gu/kflnsfsf k|d'vx¿ ;b:o

!^_ ejg lgdf{0f tyf ;x/L ljsf; l8lehg

sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

!&_ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf lhNnf sfof{no

k|d'v ;b:o

!*_ lhlj;n] dgf]lgt u/]sf pRr ;ª\s6f;Gg

b'O{ uflj;sf k|d'v ;b:o


!(_ lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;ª\3, cWoIf

;b:o

@)_ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf lhNnf ;efklt

;b:o

@!_ lhlj;af6 dgf]lgt ljkb\ Joj:yfkgdf

sfo{/t # j6f ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw !÷!

;b:o

@@_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 dgf]lgt ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL lj1 ;b:o

@#_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] of]hgf, cg'udg tyf k|zf;sLo clws[t jf lgh gePsf] cj:yfdf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] clws[t ;b:o ;lrj

@= of]hgf th'{df ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/

-!_ lhNnf :t/Lo ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/L sfo{bnnfO{ lgoldt ¿kdf ;'emfj / ;Nnfx lbg] .

-@_ of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu ;Defljt ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿dfkm{t\ cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ kxn ug]{ tyf cGo If]qaf6 ;xof]u h'6fpg kxn ug]{ .

-#_ of]hgf th'{dfsf] k|To]s r/0fdf ljkb\sf]

hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfosf k|ltlglw,

dlxnf, h]i7 gful/s, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQm tyf ;a} hfthflt / ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

-$_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df

sfo{bnaf6 tof/ ePsf] of]hgf lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldltdfkm{t\ :jLs[ltsf

nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ .

-%_ of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] x/]s r/0fdf

ljkb\ k|efljt tyf ;ª\s6f;Gg j8fsf

k|ltlglw,dlxnf, h]i7 gful/s, ckfª\utf

ePsf JolQm, tyf ;a} hfthflt / ju{sf]

k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

-^_ lhDd]jf/L;lxtsf] sfo{tflnsf tof/ u/L cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/]/ of]hgf th'{df ug]{ .

-&_ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf k|lqmof / ljlwx¿sf] clwstd pkof]u u/L tof/ ePsf] lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt;dIf k]z ug]{ .

cg';"rL– @

-bkmf %=s-#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df sfo{bn tyf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/

!= lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df sfo{bnsf] u7g qmda4tf ldnfpg]

!_ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L ;+of]hs

@_ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf clws[t k|ltlglw ;b:o

#_ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

$_ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

%_ lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf k|d'v ;b:o

^_ lhNnf jg sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

&_ lhNnf e";+/If0f sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o


*_ lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o

(_ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf lhNnf :t/Lo

k|ltlglw ;b:o

!)_ lhNnf ljsf; ;dltn] dgf]gog u/]sf]

ljsf; ;fem]bf/sf] k|ltlglw ;b:o

!!_ lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;ª\3sf k|ltlglw ;b:o

!@_ lhlj;af6 dgf]lgt ljkb\ Joj:yfk;DaGwL lj1 ;b:o

!#_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] of]hgf, cg'udg tyf k|zf;sLo clws[t jf lgh gePsf] cj:yfdf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] clws[t ;b:o ;lrj

@= of]hgf th'{df sfo{bnsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/M

-!_ of]hgf th'{df k|lqmodf lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt / ljifout sfof{no;lxt cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo;Fu lgoldt ;dGjo u/L ;'emfj lng] .

-@_ of]hgf th'{df k/fdz{bftf;Fu lgoldt

;dGjo u/L lghsf] ;Nnfxadf]lhd of]hgf th'{dfsf sfo{ cl3 a9fpg] .

-#_ gu/kflnsf Pj+ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf

;~rfng ul/g] ;xeflutfd"ns hf]lvd

tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0fsf nflu tYofª\s / ;"rgf ;ª\sng u/L k/fdz{bftfsf]

;Nnfxadf]lhd ljZn]if0f ug]{ .

-$_ :yfgLo ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg of]hgf

th'{df ug{ ckgfOg] k|lqmof / ljlwaf6

k|fKt ;"rgf / tYofª\ssf] cfwf/df

;d'bfo, j8f / gu/kflnsf Pj+ uflj;sf]

ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df

ug]{ .

-%_ of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] x/]s r/0fdf

ljkb\ k|efljt tyf ;ª\s6f;Gg j8fsf k|ltlglw, dlxnf, h]i7 gful/s, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQm, tyf ;a} hfthflt / ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

-^_ lhDd]jf/L;lxtsf] sfo{tflnsf tof/ u/L cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/]/ of]hgf th'{df ug]{ .

-&_ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf k|lqmof / ljlwx¿sf] clwstd pkof]u u/L tof/ ePsf] lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt;dIf k]z ug]{ .

cg';"rL–$

-bkmf ^ s-!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

ljkb\ hf]lvd ljZn]if0fsf k|fljlws ljlw tyf

cf}hf/x¿

!= af9L ljZn]if0f (Flood Analysis)

lhNnfdf x'g] af9Lsf] k|fljlws ljZn]if0fsf nflu lgDgcg';f/sf ljlw tyf cf}hf/x¿ k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5M

!=! pknAw b:tfj]hx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sg

(Literatures review)

!=@ ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljZn]if0f (GIS & remote sensing)


@=# ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt k|0ffnL (GPS)

!=$ k|d'v gbLx¿sf] hnk|jfx dfkg (Water flow measurement & gauze reading of major rivers)

!=% hnjfo';DaGwL tYofª\ssf] ljZn]if0f

(Hydro-meteorological data analysis)

!=^ gbLsf] ;+/rgf ljZn]if0f (River morphology Analysis)

!=& ul0ftLo k|lt¿k ljZn]if0f (Numerical modeling analysis)

!=* P]ltxfl;s k|j[lQ/]vfsf] cfwf/df af9Lsf] tx gS;fª\sg (Flood level marking)

@= klx/f]sf] ljZn]if0f (Landslide Analysis)

klx/f]sf] k|fljlws ljZn]if0fsf nflu lgDg cg';f/sf ljlw tyf cf}hf/x¿ k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5M

@=! pknAw b:tfj]hx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sg (Literatures review)

@=@ ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt k|0ffnL (GPS)

@=# ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL (GIS & remote sensing)

@=$ ul0ftLo k|lt¿k ljZn]if0f (Numerical modeling analysis)

@=% klx/f]sf] cfsf/ dfkg (Dimension measure)

@=^ eL/fnf] dfkg (Slope measurement)

@=& aqmtf dfkg (Curvature measurement)

@=* sfo{If]qdf df6f] / r§fgsf] k/LIf0f (In situ test)

@=( k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f (Lab test)

#= e"Ifo ljZn]if0f (Soil Erosion Analysis)

#=! pknAw b:tfj]hx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sg (Literatures review)

#=@ ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt k|0ffnL (GPS)

#=# ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljZn]if0f (GIS & remote sensing)

#=$ ul0ftLo k|lt¿k ljZn]if0f (Numerical modeling analysis)

#=% y]u|fO ljZn]if0f (Sedimentation analysis)

#=^ km}nfj6 (Canopy coverage)

$= e"pkof]u tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg (Land use and watershed management)

$=! pknAw b:tfj]hx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sg (Literatures review)

$=@ ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt k|0ffnL (GPS)

$=# ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljZn]if0f (GIS & remote sensing)

$=$ jfg:klts ljt/0f (Vegetation distribution)

ljkb\af6 x'g] IftL Go"gLs/0fsf nlfu ;r]t / ;hu agf}+ .


pkef]Qmf clwsf/ /Iffsf nflu z'Go ;xgzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt lgdf{0f u/f}

s'g} klg j:t' jf ;]jf pkef]u ug]{ JolQm, ;d"x jf

lgsfo pkef]Qmf x'g\ . s'g} Pp6f j:t'sf] pTkfbs

jf ;]jf k|bfos csf]{ j:t' jf ;]jfsf] klg pkef]Qmf

x'g ;S5 . ;+;f/sf ;j} JolQm, ;d"x, lgsfox¿

pkef]Qmf x'g\ . To;}n] pkef]Qmf clwsf/ ;a} dfgj

hfltsf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo aGg uPsf] 5 . r]tgfsf

ljsf;;Fu} cfh pkef]Qmf clwsf/sf] If]q lg/Gt/

lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . o;}n] lgDg s'/fx¿ j:t' jf

;]jfsf k|bfos / pkef]Qmfx¿n] dgg\ ug{ cfjZos

5 .

pkef]Qmf clwsf/sf cGt/lglxt cfwf/e"t

l;4fGtx¿

!_ k|To]s pkef]Qmf cfkm} ;r]t x'g'kb{5 .

pkef]QmfnfO{ ;r]t / hfu¿s ug]{ bfloTj ;/sf/

tyf j:t' jf ;]jf pTkfbg, cfot, ;~ro jf

laqmLljt/0f ug]{ k|bfosx¿sf] xf] .

@_ j:t' jf ;]jfsf pTkfbs, k|bfos jf laqm]tfx¿

pkef]Qmfk|lt lhDd]jf/ x'g'kb{5 .

#_ pkef]Qmf geO{ ahf/ ;~rfng gx'g] x'Fbf pkef]Qmf

ahf/sf ;fj{ef}d x'g\ . To;}n] pkef]QmfnfO{{

clwsf/ lgIf]k0f ul/g'k5{ .

$_ ahf/df pkef]QmfnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g'k5{ .

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3af6 kfl/t pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f cg'aGw

!(*% / pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g @)%$ sf] bkmf ^

adf]lhd j:t' jf ;]jf vl/b tyf pkef]u ug]{ k|To]s

pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ b]xfosf clwsf/x¿ k|Tofe"lt

ul/Psf] 5 .

!= ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ (Right to safety) @= ;"lrt x'g] clwsf/ (Right to be informed)

#= 5gf]6sf] clwsf/ (Right to choose)

$= ;'g'jfOsf] clwsf/ (Right to be heard)

%= pkef]Qmf lzIffsf] clwsf/ (Right to

consumer education)

^= Ifltk"lt{sf] clwsf/ (Right to redress and

compensation)

&= cfwf/e"t cfjZostfdf kx'Frsf] clwsf/

(Right to access of basic needs)

*= :jR5 tyf :j:y jftfj/0fsf] clwsf/ j:t'

jf ;]jfsf] btf{, d"No, s/, cfk'lt{,u'0f:t/,

gfktf}n, / lj1fkgjf6 pkef]Qmfdflysf]

7uLjf6 jrf} / jrfcf}+ .

pkef]Qmfdf kg]{ dsf{ / xfgL gf]S;fgL pk/

pkef]Qmf ;:yf jf lgodg clwsf/L ;dIf ph'/L u/f} ..

pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f d~r–g]kfnxg'dfg:yfg, cgfdgu/ , sf7df08f}+

kmf]=g+=-(&&_ )!–$@%)&@)

email:[email protected]

website: consumer-rights.org.np



ljleGg ultljlwsf emnsx¿

Friends Service Council Nepal (FSCN) · FRIENDS SERVICE COUNCIL NEPAL "Solidarity and Commitment...

Documents

Transcript of Friends Service Council Nepal (FSCN) · FRIENDS SERVICE COUNCIL NEPAL "Solidarity and Commitment...