Friday 11/8/13Friday 11/8/13RAPRAP

Open your textbook to page 208Open your textbook to page 208• read the Storyteller.read the Storyteller.

Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas on October 11-12on October 11-12thth, 1492., 1492.

List examples of the impact Europeans had on the List examples of the impact Europeans had on the Americas. Americas.

• Do this with the person sitting next to you.Do this with the person sitting next to you.

Objective:Objective:SWBAT describe the impact of different cultures SWBAT describe the impact of different cultures coming in contact because of the age of explorationcoming in contact because of the age of exploration

analyze the role technology played in analyze the role technology played in explorationexploration

create a map with routes of the first early create a map with routes of the first early transatlantic explorers.transatlantic explorers.

Exploration Ch. 6Exploration Ch. 6Open your textbook to page 210—introductionOpen your textbook to page 210—introduction

Reasons why Europeans sought sea routes to other Reasons why Europeans sought sea routes to other parts of the world:parts of the world:

1.1. Wanted better trade routes to AsiaWanted better trade routes to Asia

2.2. Church leaders wanted to halt Islam and spread Church leaders wanted to halt Islam and spread ChristianityChristianity

3.3. Renaissance thinkers encouraged exploration and Renaissance thinkers encouraged exploration and discovery of new lands. discovery of new lands.

4.4. Needed to find water way Needed to find water way to Asiato Asia; land route was ; land route was becoming unsafe by 1300’s.becoming unsafe by 1300’s.

TodayToday1.1. Open your textbook to page 210---Open your textbook to page 210---

• As you read section 6.1--- As you read section 6.1--- Early ExplorationsEarly Explorations please answer the questions on your answer please answer the questions on your answer sheet. sheet.

Please turn it in when you are finished.Please turn it in when you are finished.

2.2. Get out your world map from the Get out your world map from the beginning of the year.beginning of the year.

• Turn to page 217 and add the routes, dates, Turn to page 217 and add the routes, dates, names of explorers, and claims by countries names of explorers, and claims by countries to your map.to your map.

So basically copy the map on page 217, with the So basically copy the map on page 217, with the key, to your map. key, to your map.

World MapWorld Map Get out your map of the World, please.Get out your map of the World, please. Open your textbook to page 217.Open your textbook to page 217. Copy the routes, dates, names of Copy the routes, dates, names of

explorers, create a key, and shade explorers, create a key, and shade explored areas by countries on new explored areas by countries on new areas.areas.

Wednesday 11/13/13Wednesday 11/13/13RAPRAP1.1. List 3 different technological innovations that List 3 different technological innovations that

helped exploration.helped exploration.2.2. Give examples of 3 different European Give examples of 3 different European

countries that explored the Americas, and countries that explored the Americas, and where they explored.where they explored.

3.3. What was the Line of demarcation?What was the Line of demarcation?

Today:Today:1.1. Turn in Ch. 6.1Turn in Ch. 6.12.2. Review Ch. 6.1 and 6.2Review Ch. 6.1 and 6.23.3. Work on guided reading for Ch. 6.2–keep in Work on guided reading for Ch. 6.2–keep in

notesnotes4.4. Work on world map—due Thursday.Work on world map—due Thursday.5.5. Print Ch. 6.3 and bring to class on Thursday.Print Ch. 6.3 and bring to class on Thursday.

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY Technology of ExplorationTechnology of Exploration::

• Needed accurate mapsNeeded accurate maps• Sailors trained in navigationSailors trained in navigation

Ocean going shipsOcean going ships• Needed to be able to leave coastal waters and sight of landNeeded to be able to leave coastal waters and sight of land• # 3 Compass# 3 Compass enabled sailors to determine geographical enabled sailors to determine geographical

direction.direction.• #3 Astrolabe#3 Astrolabe-- perfected by the Arabs- helped determine the perfected by the Arabs- helped determine the

altitude of the sun or other heavenly bodies. Hard for many altitude of the sun or other heavenly bodies. Hard for many captains to actually use.captains to actually use.

• CartographersCartographers – map makers- skills improved-astronomer – map makers- skills improved-astronomer Ptolemy introduced the grid system of map references based Ptolemy introduced the grid system of map references based on the coordinates of latitude and longitude.on the coordinates of latitude and longitude.

• Triangle – shaped lateenTriangle – shaped lateen sails sails – made it possible for ships to sail – made it possible for ships to sail against the wind. Multiple masts (picture of against the wind. Multiple masts (picture of NinaNina on page 213.) on page 213.)

• #4 Caravel-#4 Caravel- European ship- sailed faster- had many of these European ship- sailed faster- had many of these new improvements and carried rifles and cannons.new improvements and carried rifles and cannons.

PORTUGALPORTUGAL FirstFirst European country to venture out onto the Atlantic Ocean in European country to venture out onto the Atlantic Ocean in

search of spices and gold.search of spices and gold. Between 1420 and 1580, Portuguese captains pushed down the Between 1420 and 1580, Portuguese captains pushed down the

coast of Africa in search of a sea route to Asia.coast of Africa in search of a sea route to Asia. # 5 Prince Henry of Portugal-# 5 Prince Henry of Portugal- son of King John I, brought son of King John I, brought

together many people to help in navigating the Atlantic Ocean.together many people to help in navigating the Atlantic Ocean. #6 Bartholomeu Dias-#6 Bartholomeu Dias- in 1487- in 1487- his expedition made it to the his expedition made it to the

southern tip of Africa and named it the Cape of Good Hope.southern tip of Africa and named it the Cape of Good Hope.• In In 1497, 1497, Vasco da Gama-Vasco da Gama- rounded the rounded the Cape of Good Hope, Cape of Good Hope,

and made stops and traded along the east coast of Africa, and made stops and traded along the east coast of Africa, making it to Calicut on the southwest coast of India in 10 making it to Calicut on the southwest coast of India in 10 months. Regarded as a hero by the Portuguese for finding this months. Regarded as a hero by the Portuguese for finding this route.route.

• #2#2 6.2 6.2 In 1500 In 1500, , Pedro Alvares Cabral –Pedro Alvares Cabral – won a bloody trade won a bloody trade war with Muslim merchants and defeated a large Arab fleet to war with Muslim merchants and defeated a large Arab fleet to establish Portuguese control of the establish Portuguese control of the Indian Ocean.Indian Ocean.

Portuguese then built naval bases along the Portuguese then built naval bases along the Indian Ocean -Indian Ocean -along the Persian Gulf andalong the Persian Gulf and in Southeast Asia. in Southeast Asia.

Also, colonized the area of Also, colonized the area of present-day Brazil.present-day Brazil. Because Because this tip of Brazil juts out across the line- Brazil was claimed this tip of Brazil juts out across the line- Brazil was claimed by Portuguese, but the rest of South America by the by Portuguese, but the rest of South America by the Spanish.Spanish.

SPAINSPAIN SpainSpain ended a long period of internal turmoil and wars against the ended a long period of internal turmoil and wars against the

Moors.Moors. Spain entered the eastern race for riches with Spain entered the eastern race for riches with Christopher Christopher

Columbus.Columbus.• In In 1492,1492, Columbus sailed west with three small ships Columbus sailed west with three small ships

NinaNina Santa MariaSanta Maria PintaPinta

• Sailors wanted Columbus to turn back—they were scared to be at sea Sailors wanted Columbus to turn back—they were scared to be at sea that long without seeing land.that long without seeing land.

• # 7# 7 Landed in the Landed in the Bahamas-Hispaniola (present day Haiti and Bahamas-Hispaniola (present day Haiti and Dominican Republic and Cuba)Dominican Republic and Cuba)

Read quote-pg. 214Read quote-pg. 214 Called them Indians because he thought he was off the coast of India.Called them Indians because he thought he was off the coast of India.

• Columbus made three more voyages to the Columbus made three more voyages to the Caribbean IslandsCaribbean Islands and and South AmericaSouth America..

• In 1506, he died certain that he had found a western route to Asia.In 1506, he died certain that he had found a western route to Asia.• At this time it was difficult for anyone to dispute this fact—maps were At this time it was difficult for anyone to dispute this fact—maps were

made without a landmass between Europe and Asia.made without a landmass between Europe and Asia.• #8#8 In 1507, Italian explorer, Amerigo In 1507, Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, suggested that Vespucci, suggested that

Columbus had discovered a “New World.”Columbus had discovered a “New World.” America began to appear on America began to appear on maps- and the name given in honor of Amerigo Vespucci.maps- and the name given in honor of Amerigo Vespucci.

Hernan CortesHernan Cortes-- landed in Mexico in 1519, with about 600 men, landed in Mexico in 1519, with about 600 men, 16 horses and a few cannons.16 horses and a few cannons.• #3#3 Cortes allied with local enemies of the Aztecs and journeyed Cortes allied with local enemies of the Aztecs and journeyed

inland to Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico city)inland to Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico city)• The ruler, Montezuma II, offered gifts of gold to the Spanish, The ruler, Montezuma II, offered gifts of gold to the Spanish,

thinking they were the long awaited god-king.thinking they were the long awaited god-king.• Fighting broke out and the Spanish soon won, slaughtering Fighting broke out and the Spanish soon won, slaughtering

thousands. thousands. Within 3 years Cortes ruled Mexico.Within 3 years Cortes ruled Mexico.

#3#3 In In 1532, 1532, Francisco Francisco Pizarro,Pizarro, invaded the invaded the Inca Empire Inca Empire in present in present day Peru.day Peru. • Aided by Aided by

Native Native American American allies, allies, Pizarro Pizarro captured captured Atahualpa Atahualpa and had and had thousands thousands of Inca of Inca massacred.massacred.

#9 LINE OF DEMARCATION#9 LINE OF DEMARCATION Both Spain and Portugal wanted to protect their claims in Both Spain and Portugal wanted to protect their claims in

the Americas and turned to the pope for help.the Americas and turned to the pope for help. In 1493, the pope drew a In 1493, the pope drew a line of demarcation line of demarcation splitting up splitting up

the western world.the western world.

Voyage of Magellan-Voyage of Magellan-• In In 1519- 1519- Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan, a Portuguese , a Portuguese

soldier of fortune, set sail with 260 men and soldier of fortune, set sail with 260 men and five ships looking for a western route to Asia. five ships looking for a western route to Asia.

Sailed down the Sailed down the eastern coast of South Americaeastern coast of South America. . Strait of Magellan-rocky passage way around the tip Strait of Magellan-rocky passage way around the tip

of South America.of South America.• Strong currents and unpredictable gales-one ship Strong currents and unpredictable gales-one ship

returned to Spain and another one shipwrecked.returned to Spain and another one shipwrecked.• Three ships went Three ships went on—Magellan renamed the water on on—Magellan renamed the water on

the western side –the Pacific—for its calmness.the western side –the Pacific—for its calmness.• Crew sailed for nearly four months without seeing land. Crew sailed for nearly four months without seeing land.

Water and food ran out and some sailors died before Water and food ran out and some sailors died before reaching the Philippines.reaching the Philippines.

• Magellan was killed in a skirmish between islanders.Magellan was killed in a skirmish between islanders.• #10#10 In In 1522, three years after leaving the 18 survivors 1522, three years after leaving the 18 survivors

returned to Spain. returned to Spain. First CIRCUMNAVIGATION. Proved First CIRCUMNAVIGATION. Proved the world was round.the world was round.

Building an EmpireBuilding an Empire SpanishSpanish named Viceroys or royal named Viceroys or royal

representatives, to rule local provinces with representatives, to rule local provinces with the advice of councils of Spanish settlers.the advice of councils of Spanish settlers.

Two GoalsTwo Goals1.1. To To acquire its wealth acquire its wealth

#5#5 Farmers set up plantations for the growing of Farmers set up plantations for the growing of sugarcanesugarcane

Landowners drew Landowners drew goldgold and and silversilver from mines. from mines.

2.2. To To convert Native Americans to Christianityconvert Native Americans to Christianity.. Priests founded Priests founded missionsmissions- where Natives lived, worked, and - where Natives lived, worked, and

adopted European ways.adopted European ways.• Encomienda systemEncomienda system, Spanish monarchs granted landowners , Spanish monarchs granted landowners

the right to use Native American labor. (slavery)the right to use Native American labor. (slavery) Few priests, such as Few priests, such as BartolomeBartolome de de laslas CasasCasas, tried to , tried to

protect Natives.protect Natives. Laws were set up to protect natives, but not enacted.Laws were set up to protect natives, but not enacted.

#6 Netherlands#6 Netherlands::• Late 1500s the Dutch won independence from Spain.Late 1500s the Dutch won independence from Spain.• They They had few natural resourceshad few natural resources, so looked at , so looked at

commerce as key to survival.commerce as key to survival.• East Asia—close ties with government and East Asia—close ties with government and

tradetrade• Dutch East India Company-Dutch East India Company- in 1619, setup in 1619, setup

headquarters at Batavia on the headquarters at Batavia on the island of Java in island of Java in present day present day Indonesia.Indonesia.

Controlled trade in sugar, spices, coffee, and tea. Controlled trade in sugar, spices, coffee, and tea. Pushed Portuguese and English out of Asian outpostsPushed Portuguese and English out of Asian outposts..

• Henry Hudson-an English navigatorHenry Hudson-an English navigator set out for set out for North America and in 1621 established North America and in 1621 established colonies in North America. colonies in North America.

Founded Founded New Amsterdam onNew Amsterdam on Manhattan IslandManhattan Island at the at the mouth of the Hudson River.mouth of the Hudson River.

• In In 1652, 1652, Dutch farmers known as BoersDutch farmers known as Boers settled at settled at the the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.

England and FranceEngland and France::• French-sent out explorers to look west for French-sent out explorers to look west for

Asian route.Asian route. In 1524, Verrazano who went to North America but was In 1524, Verrazano who went to North America but was

never able to find a route.never able to find a route. Around Around 1534, Jacques Cartier1534, Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence sailed up the St. Lawrence

RiverRiver to the site of present day Montreal, Canada and to the site of present day Montreal, Canada and claimed much of N.E Canada for France.claimed much of N.E Canada for France.

Samuel de Champlain, a French mapmakerSamuel de Champlain, a French mapmaker, , founded founded Quebec the first permanent French settlement in the Quebec the first permanent French settlement in the Americas, in 1608.Americas, in 1608.

The French sent The French sent Jesuit missionaries to the new land to Jesuit missionaries to the new land to convert Native Americans to Christianity.convert Native Americans to Christianity.

Some Frenchmen also Some Frenchmen also went to the went to the West IndiesWest Indies where they where they claimed islands such as, Martinique, St. Kitts, and claimed islands such as, Martinique, St. Kitts, and Guadeloupe. Enslaved Africans worked the plantations on Guadeloupe. Enslaved Africans worked the plantations on the islands.the islands.

EnglishEnglish In the 1600sIn the 1600s, the English East , the English East

India Company began their India Company began their expansion to the Americas.expansion to the Americas.• Claimed West Indies islands-Claimed West Indies islands-

Jamaica and also brought Jamaica and also brought enslaved Africans to work enslaved Africans to work plantations.plantations.

• Jamestown (Virginia) Jamestown (Virginia) founded in 1607founded in 1607 and up the and up the coast devoutcoast devout

• Protestants settled in Protestants settled in 16201620, in Plymouth , in Plymouth Massachusetts. Massachusetts.

English did not care to English did not care to Christianize Natives, but Christianize Natives, but instead wanted to push instead wanted to push them out.them out.

Slave TradeSlave Trade: : Why did slavery expand into the Americas?Why did slavery expand into the Americas? Triangular trade: Europe ~ Africa ~ AmericasTriangular trade: Europe ~ Africa ~ Americas

• FromFrom EuropeEurope -manufactured goods-manufactured goods, such as: knives, cloth, swords, and , such as: knives, cloth, swords, and gunsguns

• In In AfricaAfrica they they traded the manufactured goods for enslaved Africans.traded the manufactured goods for enslaved Africans.• In the In the AmericasAmericas they sold the enslaved Africans for sugar, molasses, they sold the enslaved Africans for sugar, molasses,

cotton, and tobacco.cotton, and tobacco.

Triangle Trade:

•Who controlled the triangular trade in the Atlantic? •What was the demographic (human populations) impact of the triangular trade?

Middle PassageMiddle Passage:: enslaved person’s journey enslaved person’s journey from Africa to the Americas; a very horrific from Africa to the Americas; a very horrific journey. journey. • This was the This was the middle leg of the middle leg of the Triangular trade Triangular trade

routeroute..• 1 in 6 Africans died on the middle passage; many 1 in 6 Africans died on the middle passage; many

suffocated or died of disease.suffocated or died of disease.• Chained together, lying in darkness, naked, and Chained together, lying in darkness, naked, and

next to people they did not know.next to people they did not know.• Some committed suicide by jumping overboard and Some committed suicide by jumping overboard and

some refused to eat.some refused to eat.

Enslaved persons Enslaved persons life: life: • Examined and Examined and

prodded on the prodded on the auction block.auction block.

Laborers- clearing Laborers- clearing land, hoeing, planting, land, hoeing, planting, weeding, and weeding, and harvesting.harvesting.

Europeans believed Europeans believed they were suited for they were suited for hard labor.hard labor.

ResistanceResistance::• Some Some Africans spoke outAfricans spoke out against against

the trade of humans.the trade of humans.• A few escaped and some had A few escaped and some had

mass rebellion- the most mass rebellion- the most successful uprising occurred in successful uprising occurred in the French ruled the French ruled West Indian West Indian island of Saint Domingue, in the island of Saint Domingue, in the 1790s led to the formation of 1790s led to the formation of Haiti in 1804Haiti in 1804. .

• By the 1800s humanitarian By the 1800s humanitarian concerns were growing along concerns were growing along with anti-slavery movement.with anti-slavery movement.

Rest of classRest of class

Begin reading Ch. 6.2 and complete Begin reading Ch. 6.2 and complete questions.questions.

IF you have completed 6.2, please IF you have completed 6.2, please read 6.3 and complete work sheet. read 6.3 and complete work sheet.

Thank you. Thank you.

Thursday 11/14/13Thursday 11/14/13RAPRAP What impact did the triangle trade have on the What impact did the triangle trade have on the

world during the time of exploration?world during the time of exploration?• What were the benefits?What were the benefits?• What were the negatives?What were the negatives?

Who controlled the Triangle trade? Who controlled the Triangle trade?

Today:Today:

Read Ch. 6.3 and complete work sheet.(30 Read Ch. 6.3 and complete work sheet.(30 minutes)minutes)

Illustrated poster summarizing Ch. 6Illustrated poster summarizing Ch. 6

Changing Ways of Life: Ch. 6.3Changing Ways of Life: Ch. 6.3 Overseas trade and the conquest of Overseas trade and the conquest of

empires expanded Europe’s economyempires expanded Europe’s economy.. Search for wealth led to the Search for wealth led to the rise of free rise of free

enterprise, or modern capitalism,enterprise, or modern capitalism, an an economic system in which money is economic system in which money is invested in business to make profits.invested in business to make profits.

By the 1600s the nation replaced the By the 1600s the nation replaced the city and village as the economic unit in city and village as the economic unit in Europe.Europe.

Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution

Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution• New business methods were being used to invest New business methods were being used to invest

moneymoney• The flow of wealth sped upThe flow of wealth sped up• Risks in commercial ventures were reduced.Risks in commercial ventures were reduced.

New Business methodsNew Business methods• At first merchants turned to family bankers for At first merchants turned to family bankers for

money. (Medici and Fuggers)money. (Medici and Fuggers) Then by the 1600s the banking families were replaced by Then by the 1600s the banking families were replaced by

government chartered banks.government chartered banks.• Merchants combined their resources—joint-stock Merchants combined their resources—joint-stock

companies, which meant more people could enjoy companies, which meant more people could enjoy the profit of voyages.the profit of voyages.

Dutch East India Company monopolized trade with Africa Dutch East India Company monopolized trade with Africa and the East Indies—which meant they were powerful and and the East Indies—which meant they were powerful and rich.rich.

Increase in money-Increase in money- Coined money increased in Europe with the new flow of gold and silver.Coined money increased in Europe with the new flow of gold and silver. People and businesses wanted to now make money; People and businesses wanted to now make money; individuals were individuals were

referred to as entrepreneurs-combinedreferred to as entrepreneurs-combined money, ideas, raw materials, and money, ideas, raw materials, and labor to make goods and profits.labor to make goods and profits.

Read connecting Economics-page 224Read connecting Economics-page 224MercantilismMercantilism- theory that held that a state’s power depended on its wealth. - theory that held that a state’s power depended on its wealth. Goal of every nation was to become as wealthy as possible.Goal of every nation was to become as wealthy as possible. Europeans believed wealth of nation was measured on the amount of Europeans believed wealth of nation was measured on the amount of

bullion, bullion, gold and silvergold and silver, it owned. Europeans looked overseas., it owned. Europeans looked overseas. Nations sought to create a favorable Nations sought to create a favorable balance of tradebalance of trade by exporting more by exporting more

goods than they importedgoods than they imported.. Greater wealth meant greater national power and influence in the world.Greater wealth meant greater national power and influence in the world.

Global Exchange- or Columbian ExchangeGlobal Exchange- or Columbian Exchange• EuropeansEuropeans brought wheat, grapes, and livestock brought wheat, grapes, and livestock

to the Americas.to the Americas.• AmericaAmerica-- taken from America to Europe were taken from America to Europe were

staples such as, corn, potatoes, tomatoes, beans, staples such as, corn, potatoes, tomatoes, beans, and chocolate. Potatoes fed Europe’s growing and chocolate. Potatoes fed Europe’s growing population. These items also spread to Asia. population. These items also spread to Asia.

• From Asia and Africa- From Asia and Africa- Europe and then the Europe and then the Americas acquired tropical products – bananas, Americas acquired tropical products – bananas, coffee, tea, and sugarcane. coffee, tea, and sugarcane.

• New global trading links increased the movement New global trading links increased the movement of people and cultures from continent to continent. of people and cultures from continent to continent.

Seeking wealth, religious freedom, or fleeing economic Seeking wealth, religious freedom, or fleeing economic distress people were moving to the Americas.distress people were moving to the Americas.

Triangle Trade: Columbian Exchange-Cultural Exchange—do a quick sketch of Triangle Trade: Columbian Exchange-Cultural Exchange—do a quick sketch of a few major items traveling from each area to the other.a few major items traveling from each area to the other.

Exploration posterExploration poster Illustrate a poster showing:Illustrate a poster showing:

• Cause and effects of ExplorationCause and effects of Exploration Must be: illustrated, title, neat and colorful!Must be: illustrated, title, neat and colorful! Think about:Think about:

• Ch. 5 leading to exploration also.Ch. 5 leading to exploration also.• Technology leading to explorationTechnology leading to exploration• Expansion = areas & whoExpansion = areas & who• Slave tradeSlave trade• Commercial revolutionCommercial revolution• MercantilismMercantilism• Global exchangeGlobal exchange

You will be graded on You will be graded on • completeness of your poster.completeness of your poster.• Illustrations—few words (except title, vocabulary or people)Illustrations—few words (except title, vocabulary or people)• NeatnessNeatness

This poster is to be done by yourself.This poster is to be done by yourself. Due next Wednesday.Due next Wednesday. Present for extra credit next Wednesday. Present for extra credit next Wednesday.