French Learning1

8/8/2019 French Learning1

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French Learning

The French alphabets are pronounced as follows :

A B C D E F G H

vk cs ls ns v ,Q ts vkk

I J K L M N O P

b f> dk vsy~ vse~ vsu~vks is

Q R S T U V W X

dw ,sj vsl~ rs v~;w os nwCy osbDl

Y Z

bxzsd tsn

Pronounciation :i. In French the letter h is mostly silent. As a letter it has a sound but in words it is not

pronounced mostly most of the time.

Home - om vkSEeHotel - otel vksrsyHorloge - orloge vkSjykst

ii. The letter j sounds like s in measure :

JeJardin

iii. The letter t and d have a soft pronounciation like r and n of Hindi alphabets.Tu - R;w Disque - nhLdTomate - rksekr Diner - nhusTable - rkCy Difficile - nhQhlhy

iv. The letter c, is followed by letter I and e, sounds like s but elsewhere sounds

like k :ce - l comment - dkekWa

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Cette - lsr caf - dkQscidre - flnz carte - dkrZ

v. In French, ch always has the sound of sh not as that in chair. It can be better

explained with the help of Hindi letter i.e. p sounds does not exist, ch togetherhas k sounds.chaise - kst+chateau - kkrkschanter - kkarschapeau - kkiks

vi. RULE OF ASCENTS :

You must have noticed that there are marks over some of the French letters. These

marks are called ascents and they play an important role in the Frenchpronunciation and meaning :

a. Laccent aigu (the acute accent) found on letter e

b. Laccent grave (the grave accent) found on letters a,e,u c. Laccent circonflexe ^ (the circumflex accent) which can come on any vowel-

a,e,i, o, u

Counting in French :

1 Un vka

2 Deux nk

3 Trios =qvk

4 Quatre Ds=5 Cinq lsUd

6 Six fll

7 Sept lsr

8 Huit for

9 Neuf uQ

10 Dix fnt

11 Onze vksUt

12 Douze nwt

13 Treize =st

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14 Quatorze dSrkstZ

15 Quinze dSUt

16 Seize lSt

17 dix-sept fnt&lsr

18 Dix-huit fnt&fon19 dix-neuf fnt&uQ

20 Vingt osUr

21 Vingt-et-un osUr ,s vka

22 Vingt-deux osUr n

23 Vingt-trois osUr =qvk

24 Vingt-quatre osUr&dS=

25 Vingt-cinq osUr&lSUd

26 Vingt-six osUr&fll27 Vingt-sept osUr&lsr

28 Vingt-huit osUr&fon~

29 Vingt-neuf osUr&uQ

30 Trente =ksUr

31 Trente-et-un =ksUr&,&vka

32 Trente-deux =ksUr&n

33 Trente-trois =ksUr =qvk

34 Trente-quatre =ksUr dS=

35 Trente-cinq =ksUr&lSUd36 Trente-six =ksUr&lsl

37 Trente-sept =ksUr&lsr

38 Trente-huit =ksUr&fon

39 Trente-neuf =ksUr&uQ+

40 Quarante dSjksUr

41 Quarante-et-un dSjksUr&,&vka

42 Quarante-deux dSjksUr&,&n

43 Quarante-trois dSjksUr&=qvk44 Quarante-quatre dSjksUr&dSr

45 Quarante-cinq dSjksUr&lSUd

46 Quarante-six dSjksUr&fll

47 Quarante-sept dSjksUr&lsr

48 Quarante-huit dSjksUr&fon

49 Quarante-neuf dSjkUr&uQ

50 Cinquante lSUdksUr

51 Cinquante-et-un lSUdksUr&,&vka

52 Cinquante-deux lSUdksUr&n

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53 Cinquante-trois lSUdksUr&=qvk

54 Cinquante-quatre lSUdksUr&dS=

55 Cinquante-cinq lSUdksUr&lSUd

56 Cinquante-six lSUdksUr&fll

57 Cinquante-sept lSUdksUr&lsr58 Cinquante-huit lSUdksUr&fon

59 Cinquante-neuf lSUdksUr&uQ

60 Soixante lqvklksUr

61 Soixante-et-un lqqvklksUr&,&vka

62 Soixante-deux lqvklksUr&n

63 Soixante-trois lqvklksUr&=qvk

64 Soixante-quatre lqvklksUr&dS=

65 Soixante-cinq lqvklksUr&lsUd66 Soixante-six lqvklksUr lst

67 Soixante-sept lqvklksUr&lsr

68 Soixante-huit lqvklksUr&fon

69 Soixante-neuf lqvklksUr&uQ

70 Soixante-dix lqvklksUr&fnt

71 Soixante-et-onze lqvklksUr&,&vksUt

72 Soixante-et-douze lqvklksUr&,&nwt

73 Soixante-treize lqvklksUr&=st

74 Soixante-quatorze lqvklksUr dsrkstZ75 Soixante-quinze lqvklksUr&dSUt

76 Soixante-seize lqvklksUr&lst

77 Soixante-dix-sept lqvklksUr&nht&lsr

78 Soixante-dix-huit lqvklksUr&nht&fon

79 Soixante-dix-neuf lqvklksUr&nht&uQ

80 Quatre-vingt dS=&oSUr

81 Quatre-vingt-un dS=&oSUr&vka

82 Quatre-vingt-deux dS=&oSUr&n83 Quatre-vingt-trois dS=&oSUr&=qvk

84 Quatre-vingt-quatre dS=&oSUr&dS=

85 Quatre-vingt-cinq dS=&oSUr&lSUd

86 Quatre-vingt-six dS=&oSUr&lst

87 Quatre-vingt-sept dS=&oSUr&lsr

88 Quatre-vingt-huit dS=&oSUr&fon

89 Quatre-vingt-neuf dS=&oSUr&uQ+

90 Quatre-vingt-dix dS=&oSUr&fnt

91 Quatre-vingt-onze dS=&oSUr&vksUt

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92 Quatre-vingt-douze dS=&oSUr&nwt

93 Quatre-vingt-treize dS=&oSUr&=st

94 Quatre-vingt-quatorze dS=&oSUr&dSrkstZ

95 Quatre-vingt-quinze dS=&oSUr&dsUt

96 Quatre-vingt-seize dS=&oSUr&lst97 Quatre-vingt-dix-sept dS=&oSUr&nht&lsr

98 Quatre-vingt-dix-huit dS=&oSUr&fnt&fon

99 Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf dS=&oSUr&fnt&uQ

100 Cent lka

101 Cent un Lkka va

105 Cent cinq Lka lSad~

110 Cent dix Lka nht

200 Deux cents n~;~ lka500 Cinq cent lSad lka

1000 Mille fey

5000 Cinq mille lSa fey~

10000 Dix mille nh fey

1,000,000 Cent mille lka fey

2,000,000 Deux millions n~;~ fefyvksa

vii. The ordinal numbers : they show the order in which the persons or things are

mentioned :First : Premier (m) - izfe ;s

Premiere (f) - izfe;sjSecond: second (m) - ldksaor deuxieme - n~;~f>vse~

seconde (f) - lxksan~Any ordinal can be formed by adding-ieme to that cardinal number.

viii. Fractions : QzkdL;ksa

un quart - va dkj~

une moitie v~;wu~ Lokfrvs

trois quarts - =ok dkj~

1/3 un tiers - va frvsj~

2/3 deux tiers n~;~ frvsj~

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1/5 un cinquieme - va lSafdvsae~

1/6 un sixieme - va flftvse~

1/7 un septieme - va lsfrvse~

ix. Date is expressed as Le Sept Mai (7th May) : y lsr~ esIst may : Le premier mai y izfe;s esTitles : Charles sept kky~Z lsr

Nepoleon premierukiksysvksa izfe ;s

x. LIAISON ` fyvst+ksa % LinkingThe french link certain words while speaking. However, this is not done in writing.

Linking renders the speech more fluent and musical. This is like lfU/k inSanskrit. The final consonant of a word is usually linked to the first vowel of the

following word if they belong to the same grammatical or breath group.

i.e. Un enfant vaukaQka (a child) instead of va vkaQka ,Il est aussi bysrksLlh (he is also) in stead of by vs vksLlh

Certain rules : At the point of linking the consonant undergoes a change.

S or X sounds as > : les amis ys>kfe (the friends) instead of ys vkeh

D .. . . .. r % un grand home va xzkarksEe (a big man) instead ofvaxzkWa vksEe~F .. . . . . . o % neuf heures (9 OClock) uQvj~ instead ofuQ~ v~;j

GrammaireIn French, verbs are divided into 3 groups :

First Group : Verbs whose infinitive ends iner

Second Group : Verbs whose infinitive ends in ir

Third Group : Verbs whose infinitive ends inre and irregular verbs.

First Group of verbs er verbs

i. All verbs whose infinitive ends in er belong to this group (except aller)

ii. The present tense of allerverbs in conjugated by removing theer ending andadding the endings e, es, e, ons, ez, ent to the radical of the verb.

i.e. Infinitive parler--------- Radical parl

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Meanings :

Je I Nous We

Tu you Vous you

Il he Ils they (m.p.)Elle She Elles they (f.p.)

Present tense of Verb

Parler - to speak (ikysZ) Habiter to live (vkfcrs)

Je parle,

Tu parles,

Il parle,

Elle parle,

Nous parlons,

Vous parlez,

Ils parlent (m.p.)

Elles parlent (f.p)

I speak,

You speak,

He/it speaks,

She/it speaks,

We speak,

You speak,

They speak (m.p.)

They speak (f.p.)

J' habite

Tu habites

Il habite

Elle habite

Nous habitons

Vous habitez

Ils habitent

Elles habitent

I live

You live

He/it lives

She/it lives

We live

You live

They live

They live

Visiter to visit (foftrs) couter - to listen(,dqrs)

Je visite

Tu visites

Il visite

Elle visite

Nous visitons

Vous visitez

Ils visitent

Elles visitent

I visit

You visit

He/it visits

She/it visits

We visit

You visit

They visit

They visit

J' coute

Tu coutes

Il coute

Elle coute

Nous coutons

Vous coutez

Ils coutons

Elles coutons

I listen

You listen

He/it listens

She/it listens

We listen

You listen

They listen (m.p.)

They listen (f.p.)

NOTE : Jeis shortened to Jbefore vowels and silenth.

prfrer to prefer(izsQsjs) Demander to demand(nekWUns)

Je prfre

Tu prfres

Il prfre

Elle prfre

Nous prfrons

Vous prfrez

Ils prfrent

Elles prfrent

I prefer

You prefer

He/it prefers

She/it prefers

We prefer

You prefer

They prefer

(m.p.)They prefer (f.m.)

Je demande

Tu demandes

Il demande

Elle demande

Nous demandons

Vous demandez

Ils demandent

Elles demandent

I ask

You ask

He/it asks

She/it asks

We ask

You ask

They ask

They ask

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Regarder to look at (jxknsZ) tudier to study (,rqfn,)

Je regarde

Tu regardes

Il regarde

Elle regarde

Nous regardons

Vous regardez

Ils regardent

Elles regardent

I watch

You watch

He/it watches

She/it watches

We watch

You watch

They watch

They watch

J tudie

Tu tudies

Il tudie

Elle tudie

Nous tudions

Vous tudiez

Ils tudient

Elles tudient

I study

You study

He/it studies

She/it studies

We study

You study

They study

They study

Donner to give (nksus) Travailler to work (=okb,)

Je donneTu donnes

Il donne

Elle donne

Nous donnons

Vous donnez

Ils donnent

Elles donnent

I giveYou give

He/it gives

She/it gives

We give

You give

They give

They give

Je travailleTu travailles

Il travaille

Elle travaille

Nous travaillons

Vous travaillez

Ils travaillent

Elles travaillent

I workYou work

He/it works

She/it works

We work

You work

They work

They work

Jouer to play (tq,) Aimer to like (,Ses)Je joue

Tu joues

Il joue

Elle joue

Nous jouons

Vous jouez

Ils jouent

Elles jouent

I play

You play

He/it plays

She/it plays

We play

You play

They play

They play

J aime

Tu aimes

Il aime

Elle aime

Nous aimons

Vous aimez

Ils aiment

Elles aiment

I like

You like

He/it likes

She/it likes

We like

You like

They like

They like

Dtester to hate (nsrLrs) Djeuner to have lunch/breakfast(nt+us)

Je dteste

Tu dtestes

Il dteste

Elle dteste

Nous dtestons

Vous dtestez

Ils dtestentElles dtestent

I hate

You hate

He/it hates

She/it hates

We hate

You hate

They hateThey hate

Je djeune

Tu djeunes

Il djeune

Elle djeune

Nous djeunons

Vous djeunez

Ils djeunentElles djeunent

I eat lunch

You eat lunch

He/it eats lunch

She/it eats lunch

We eat lunch

You eat lunch

They eat lunchThey eat lunch

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Chanter to sing (kkWUrs) Inviter to invite (bfUors)

Je chante

Tu chantes

Il chanteElle chante

Nous chantons

Vous chantez

Ils chantent

Elles chantent

I sing

You sing

He/it singsShe/it sings

We sing

You sing

They sing

They sing

J invite

Tu invites

Il inviteElle invite

Nous invitons

Vous invitez

Ils invitent

Elles invitent

I invite

You invite

He/it invitesShe/it invites

We invite

You invite

They invite

She/it invites

Marcher to walk (ekWksZ) Fermer to close (QSes)

Je marche

Tu marchesIl marche

Elle marche

Nous marchons

Vous marchez

Ils marchent

Elles marchent

I walk

You walkHe/it walks

She/it walks

We walk

You walk

They walk

They walk

Je ferme

Tu fermesIl ferme

Elle ferme

Nous fermons

Vous fermez

Ils ferment

Elles ferment

I close

You closeHe/it closes

She/it closes

We close

You close

They close

They close

Prparer to prepare (izsikjs) Tomber to fall (rkWEcs)

Je prpareTu prpares

Il prpare

Elle prpare

Nous prparons

Vous prparez

Ils prparent

Elles prparent

I prepareYou prepare

He/it prepares

She/it prepares

We prepare

You prepare

They prepare

They prepare

Je tombeTu tombes

Il tombe

Elle tombe

Nous tombons

Vous tombez

Ils tombent

Elles tombent

I fallYou fall

He/it falls

She/it falls

We fall

You fall

They fall

They fall

Pronunciation of commonly used -erending verbs :

Visiter foftrs To visitEcouter ,dqrs To listenPrfrer izsQkjs To preferDemander fnekans To askRegarder fjxknsZ To look at (to watch)Etudier ,rqfn;s To studyDonner nksus To give

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Travailler =sokb;s To workJouer Tw, To playAimer ,ses To like/to loveDtester nsrSLrs To hate

Djeuner nstSus To have lunch/breakfastChanter kkars To singInviter bfUors To inviteMarcher ekSksZ To walkFermer QSeZs To prepareTomber rkSEcs To fall

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Second g roup of verbs irverbs

i. Most verbs whose infinitive ends with ir belong to this group.

ii. The present tense ofir verbs is conjugated by removing the r endings and

addingss, -s, -t, - t, -ssons, -ssez, -ssent, -ssent to the radical of the verb.

i.e. Verb finir Radical fini

Present tense of verb

Finir to finish (fQfuj) Choisir to choose(kqvkfkj)

Je finis

Tu finis

Il finit

Elle finitNous finissons

Vous finissez

Ils finissent (m.p)

Elles finissent (f.p)

I finish

You finish

He/it finishes

She/it finishesWe finish

You finish

They finish

They finish

Je choisis

Tu choisis

Il choisit

Elle choisitNous choisissons

Vous choisissez

Ils choisissent (m.p.)

Elles choisissent (f.p)

I choose

You choose

He/it chooses

She/it choosesWe choose

You choose

They choose

They choose

Grandir (xzkWfUnj)To grow tall, to increase in size

Grossir (xzksflj)To grow bigger or larger

Je grandis

Tu grandis

Il grandit

Elle grandit

Nous grandissons

Vous grandissez

Ils grandissent

Elles grandissent

I grow

You grow

He/it grows

She/it grows

We grow

You grow

They grow

They grow

Je grossis

Tu grossis

Il grossit

Elle grossit

Nous grossissons

Vous grossissez

Ils grossissent

Elles grossissent

I enlarge

You enlarge

He/it enlarges

She/it enlarges

We enlarge

You enlarge

They enlarge

They enlarge

Rougir- To redden ( :ft+j) Remplir to fill (jEifyj)

Je rougis

Tu rougis

Il rougit

Elle rougit

Nous rougissons

Vous rougissez

Ils rougissent

Elles rougissent

I blush

You blush

He/it blushes

She/it blushes

We blush

You blush

They blush

They blush

Je remplis

Tu remplis

Il remplit

Ille remplit

Nous remplissons

Vous remplissez

Ils remplissent

Elles remplissent

I fill

You fill

He/it fills

Ille fills

We fill

You fill

They fill

They fill

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Russir to succeed(jsmftj)

Je russis

Vous russissez

Il russitElle russit

Nous russissons

Vous russissez

ils russissent

ils russissent

I succeed

You succeed

He/it succeedsShe/it succeeds

We succeed

You succeed

they succeed

they succeed

Negation (Negative)

To form a negative sentence in French, one must use two words ne and pas. ne is

placed before the verb and pas after the verb.

e.g.Je ne parle pas anglais.I do not speak English.

Il n'est pas ingnieur.He is not a engineer

ne becomes n before the vowels i.e. a, e, I, o, u, yand silent h.

So, the negative construction isNE + Verb + PAS

Or N + Verb + PAS (when first lette ris a vowel or silent h.)

e.g. Nous ne sommes pas stupides.Nous ne sommes pas stupides.

Je ne suis pas chinois.I am not Chinese.

Elle naimepas le chocolat.

She doesn't like the chocolate.

Manuel et Denis ne regardent pas la tl.Manual and Dennis doesn't watch the television.

M. Dupont ne travaille pas lambassade.Mr. Dupont doesn't work in embassy.

Il n est pas journaliste.He is not a journalist.

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COUNTRIES LES PAYS LES NATIONALITS

Masculin (pl.) Fminin (pl.)

India

France

Belgium

Germany

Switzerland

England

Italy

SpainDenmark

Sweden

America

(The United States

Canada

Mexico

Russia

china

Japan

L'Inde

la France

la Belgique

l'Allemagne

la Suisse

l'Angleterre

l'Italie

l'Espagnele Danemark

la Sude

l'America

(Les tats-Unis)

le Canada

le Mexique

la Russie

la Chine

le Japon

bUns

Qzka

cSYthd

vkyseksa

lqbl

vkWUxyS=

brkfy

vkWLikbu

nkWuekdZ

lq,sn

vesfjd

dWukn

efDtd

jqft

fku

t+iksu

Indien (s)

Franais

Belge(s)

Allemand(s)

Suisse(s)

Anglais

Italien(s)

Espagnol(s)Danois

Sudois

Amricain(s)

Canadien(s)

Mexicain

Russe(s)

Chinois

japonais

Indienne (s)

Franaise (s)

Belge(s)

Allemand(s)

Suisse(s)

Anglaise(s)

Italien(s)

Espagnole(s)Danoise(s)

Sudoise(s)

Amricaine(s)

Canadienne(s)

Mexicaine(s)

Russe(s)

Chinoise(s)

Japonaise(s)

Verbs ending with ger


These verbs are conjugated in the same manner as otherer verbs. The only peculiarity isthat in the nouns form an e is added to the radical before adding the endings.

e.g. voyag + e + ons nouns voyageons

mang + e + ons nouns mangeons

Voyager (to travel) (oks;kts) Manger to eat (ekSats)

Je voyage

Tu voyages

I travel

You travel

Je mange

Tu manges

I eat

You eat

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Il voyage

Elle voyage

Nous voyageons

Vous voyagez

Ils voyagentElles voyagent

He/it travels

She/it travels

We travel

You travel

They travelThey travel

Il mange

Elle mange

Nous mangeons

Vous mangez

Ils mangentElle mangent

He/it eats

She/it eats

We eat

You eat

They eatShe/it eats

Otherger verbs are :

Nager to swim

Changes in some of the er ending verbs :

Acheter to buy (vkksrs) Commencer to begin (dkWeSUks)

J'achte

Tu achtes

Il achte

Elle achte

Nous achetons

vous achetez

Ils achtent

Elles achtent

I buy

you buy

He buys

She buys

We buy

you buy

They buy

They buy

Je commence

Tu commences

Il commence

Elle commence

Nous commenons

vous commencez

Ils commencent

Elles commencent

I begin

you begin

He begins

She begins

We begin

you begin

They begin

they begin

Note : There is an accent grave on the e- before the silent ending.

Peser to weigh, is also conjugated likeacheter.

Note : The c takes a credille accent in the nounsform to retain the sound of s in c - .

Peser to place, is also conjugated likecommencer.

appeler to call (vkiys) jeter to throw (t+rs)

Jappelle

Tu appelles

Il appelle

Elle appelleNous appelons

Vous appelez

Ils appellent

Elles appellent

I call

You call

He/it calls

She/it callsWe call

You call

They call

They call

Je jette

Tu jettes

Il jettes

Elle JetteNous jetons

Vous jetez

Ils jettent

Elles jettent

I throw

You throw

He/it throws

She/it ThrowsWe throw

You throw

They throw

They throw

Note : There is a doubling of the l llbefore the silent endings ofje, tu, il, elle, ilsand ils form of the verb.

Note : There is a doubling of the t tt before thesilent endings ofje, tu, il, elle, ils and ils form of theverb.

faire to do (QSj)

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Je fais

Tu fais

Il fait

Elle fait

Nous faisonsVous faites

Ils font

Elles font

I make

You make

He/it makes

She/it makes

We makeYou make

They make

They make

Use of the verb faire :

Elle fait un gteau. She makes a cake.

Elle fait du ski. She practices the ski.

Elle fait le devoir. She makes the duty.

Il fait chaud. It is hot.Il fait froid. It is cold.

Elle fait une promenade. She makes a walk.

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Third group of verbs

The regularre verbs and the irregular verbs ending with re, oir and ir are put together inthe third group. All the verbs of this group do not follow the same pattern of conjugationhence it is advisable to learn the verbs in a set of three or four or even two at times.

Verbs :Prendre - to take

Apprender - to learn

Comprender - to understand

In these verbs, we remove the last three letters i.e. dre and then add the endingsds, -ds,-d, -ons, -ez and nent to the radical of the verb.


prendre to take (izkWUnz) apprender to learn (vizkWUnz)Je prends izka

Tu prends izka

Il prend izkaElle prend

Nous prenons

Vous prenez

Ils prennent

izsusElles prennent

I take

You take

He/it takes

She/it takes

We take

You take

They take

They take

J'apprendsvkizkaTu apprends

Il apprend

Elle apprend

Nous apprenons

Vous apprenez

Ils apprennent

Elles apprennent

I learn

You learn

He/it learns

She/it learns

We learn

You learn

They learn

They learn

Verbs :

Dire to say

Lire - to read

crire to write

In these verbs, we remove re and then add the endingss, -s, -t, -ons, -ez andent to the

radical of the verb bet each of these verbs has a certain peculiarity which must be observed.

dire to say (nhj) lire to read (fyj)

Je dis nh

Tu dis nh

Il dit nh

Elle dit nhNous disons

nht+ksa

I say

You say

He/it says

She/it says

We say

You say

They say

Je lis fy

Tu lis fy

Il lit fy

Elle lit fyNous lisons

fyt+ksa

I read

You read

He/it reads

She/it reads

We read

You read

They read

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17/90

Vous dites nhr

Ils disent bynht+

Elles disent ,ynht+

They say Vous lisez fyt+

Ils lisent yht+

Elles lisent yht+

They read

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Indefinite article :

It changes with the gender. In French an article mush be used beforeevery noun.

English M F Pl.

a or an un une des

va v~;wu ns

Examples :

(i) a boy = un garon va xkj~lksa; boys = des garon ns xkj~lksa

(ii) an apple = une pomme ; v~;wu iksEe~ apples = des pomme nsiksEe~

Definite Aricle:

It changes to agree with the gender and the number.

English M F Pl.

The le la les

y yk ys

Examples :

(i) the husband = le mari y ekjh; the husbands = les maris ys ekjh

(ii) the wife = la femme yk QkEe~; the wives = les femmes ys QkEe~

(iii) l is used before any singular noun beginning with a vowel or h mute.

The child = LEnfant; (ykaQka) the children = les_enfants* (ys>kaQka)

(iv) the man = lhomme; (ykaQka) the men = les_hommes* (ys>ksEe~)

PARTITIVE ARTICLE: Some or any before a noun is translated by de + definite article.

M F Pl

(de + le) de + la (de + les)

Du de la des

n~;w n yk nsExamples :

--18--

Note: (i) s at the end of a word is not pronounced. E.g. Des - (ns), and not

* Look for liaison (linking) while reading.


19/90

(i) Some bread = du pain, (n~;w isa)

(ii) Some meat = de la viande, (n yk o~;kan)

(iii) Any ink = de lencre (n ykadz~)

(iv) Some girls = des filles (ns Qh;~)Plural of nouns and adjectives :

(a) generally by adding s. No change with those ending in s, x, z.

(b) ending in-au or eu take x (except bleu which takes s)

(c) ending with ou take s except the seven which take x.

Note: (i) bijou (x)fc>w= jewel (s); (ii) caillou (x) dk;~;w= pebble (s)(iii) chou (x) kw = cabbage (s) (iv) genou (x) >uw = knee (s)

(v) hibou (x) fvcw = owl (s) (vi) pou (x) iw = louce

(vii) joujou (x) >w>w = toy (s)

(d) ending al change to aux except the six which take s.

Note: (i) bal (s)cky~= dance(s); (ii) rgal (s)jsxky~ = feast (s)(iii) fatal (s) Qkrky~ (iv) naval (s) ukoky~

(v) banal (s)ckuky~ (vi) natal (s) ukrky~ = native town (s)

(e) ending ail take s. Except the three which change to aux.

Note: (i) travail - travaux; (ii) soupirail - soupiraux ;

=kok;~ =koks lwfijk;~ lwfijksWork window

(iii) vitrail - vitraux (stained glass windows)

fo=k;~ fo=ks

(f) Notable exceptions : Sing. Pl.

(Mister) Monsieur = messieurs (M.) (MM.)

(Mrs.) Madame = mesdames (Mme)

(Miss) mademoiselle = mesdemoiselles (Mlle.) (Mlles.)

Feminine of nouns and adjectives :

(a) add e unless it already ends in e.

(b)er into re : cher ksj~ chre ksj~ (dear)

(c) x into se : heureux heureuse (happy)

(d) f into ve : actifvkfDrQ~ - active vkfDro

(e) el, eil, en, et, on : double the last consonant and add e.

(f) The following have a second form in the M Sing. Before a vowel or h mute (M)

English M M FFine beau cks bel csy~ belle csy

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Mad fou Qw fol Qksy~ folle Qksy~

New nouveau uwoks nouvel uwosy~ nouvelle uwosy

Old vieux O; viel fovs;~ vielle fovs;~

Soft mou ew mol eksy~ molle eksy~

(g) Irregular feminines :

English M F

White blanc Cyka blanche Cykak

Frank franc Qzka franche Qzkak~

Dry sec lsd~ sche lsk~

Public public I;wfCyd~ publique I;wfCyd~

Low bas ck basse ckLl~

Fat gras xzk grasse xzkLl~

Bulky gros xzks grosse xzksLl~

Thick pais vsis paisse vsisLl~

Sweet doux nw douce nwl~

Red head roux : rousse :Ll~

False faux Qks fausse QksLl~

Long long ykas longue yksax~

Favourite favori Qkoksjh favorite Qksoksfjr~

Charming, nice gentil t+kWafUr gentille t+kfUr;

Fresh frais Qzs fraiche Qzsk~

Fool sot lks sotte lksRr~

(h) -eur change to euse.

Place of adjectives :

(a) Most adjectives go after the noun.

(b) The following common adjectives come before the noun :

Bon-good, meuiller, mauvais-bad, beau-beautiful, joli-pretty, cher-dear, grand-big,gros-thick, petit-small, moindre-least, long-long, jeune-young, vieux-old, nouveau-new etc. Ordinals, cardinals, tout-all, chaque-every, quelque-some, aucum, also

come before the noun.

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Formation of adverbs:

(a) If the adjective ends vowel, then add mentto M for.

Polite (ly) = poli poliment,

Truly = vrai vraiment

(b) If the adj. Ends consonant, then add ment to its F form.

Grand - grande grandement (grandly)

Heureux - heureuse heureusement (happily)

(c) If end is ant or ent, change nt into m and add ment.

Constant - constamment

Prudent - prudemment

(d) Position of adverb : after verb, after auxiliary in compound tenses.

Personal pronoun. It comes before the verb.

Person. Singular Plural

First (I) Je t+ (We) Nouns uw

Second (Thou) Tu R;w (You) Vous ow

Third (He, it) Il fvy~ (They) Ils fvy~

(She, it) Elle vsy~ (They) Elles vsy~ (F)

The most common verbs are (i) trevs=~ to be; (ii) AvoirvkOokj~ to have,given below in three simple tenses: Present, Past (Perfect) and Future, their conjugationreminds one of their Sanskrit counterparts. They are also used as auxiliary verbs incompound tenses.

trevs=~ to be

Present

I am, you are.

Past

I was, I have been

Future

I shall be.

Je suis - t+ Loh Jai t t+ vsrs Je serai t+ ljsTu es - R;w vs Tu as t R;w vkt+srs Tu seras R;w ljk

Il est - bys Il a t fvyk vsrs Il sera fvy~ ljk

Elle est - vsys Elle a t vsyk vsrs Elle sera vsy~ ljk

Nous sommes - uwlksEe~

Nous avons t uwt+koksa vsrs

Nous serons uw ljksa

Vous tes - owt+Sr Vous avez t owt+kos

t+srs

Vous serez ow ljs

Ils sont - fvy~ lksa Ils ont t- fvy~t+ksa Ils seront fvy~ ljksa

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22/90

rsrs

Elles sont - vsy~ lksa Elles ont t- vsy~t+ksarsrs

Elles seront vsy~ ljksa

AvoirvkOokj~ to have,Present

I have.

Past

I had, I have had, I did have

Future

I shall have

Jai - I have

t+s

Jai eu I had

t+s v~;w

Jaurai - I will have

t+ksjs

Tu as - You have

R;w vk

Tu as eu you had

R;w vkT+;w

Tu auras - You will have

R;w vksjk

Il as - He/it has

fvyk

Il a eu He had

fvyk v~;~

Il aura - He will have

fvyksjkElle a - She/it has

vsyk

Elle a eu she had

vsyk v~;~

Elle aura - She will have

vsyksjk

Nous avons - We have

uw t+koksa

Nous avons eu we had

Uwkt+koksa T+;w

Nous aurons - We will have

Uwkt+kjksa

Vous avez - You have

owt+kos

Vous avez eu you had

Owkt+kos T+;w

Vous aurez - You will have

Okwt+ksjs

Ils ont - They have

fvy~t+ksa

Ils ont eu - They had

fvy~t+ksR;~

Ils auront - They will have

fvy~t+ksjksa

Elles ont - They have

vsy~t+ksa

Elles ont eu - They had

vsy~t+ksaR;~

Elles auront - They will have

vsy~t+ksjksa

Vocabulair : The French nouns are either masculine (shown by le) or feminine (shownby la). Nouns beginning with a vowel are shown by un or une.

And

bed

Daughter

Doctor

Door

Father

Friend

From

House

In

Et

le lit

La fille

Le docteur

La porte

Le pre

L'ami

De

La maison

Dans

Mother

Newspaper

Of

On

Room

Scientist

Son

Here is, here are

There is/are

There are

La mre

Le journal

De

Sur

La chambre

Le scientifique

Le fils

Voici

Voil

Il y a

Now, with the help of the two verbs in and the words given above, you can construct more

than 1000 small, easy sentences, A few are given for your guidance.(i) There is a house Il y a une maison

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23/90

fvy~;k v~;wu es>ksa

(ii) I shall be a scientist Je serais savant.

> ljs lkoka

(iii) We shall have some newspapersNous aurons des journauxfvy~;k v~;wu es>ksa

(iv) Here is a chair Voici une chaise

(v) A friend has a bed Un ami a un lit.

Use ofde: In English possession is expressed by of or s. There is no s in French.E.g. Miras jewels should be

The jewels of Mira Les bijoux de MiraThe table of the husband La table du mari

Mother's house La maison de mre

I come from India Je viens d'Inde

Asking a question :

In conversation, the phrase Est-ce que(literally meaning is it that) isput beforeany affirmative and a question mark at the end ; e.g.

Affirmative Question

I am a professor. Am I a professor ?

Je suis professeur. Est-ce que je suis professeur?

Inversion :

The position of subject (1) and verb (2) is inversed and a hyphen (-) put inbetweeni.e. (2) (1) .. ? or (t) if the verb ends in a vowel, for ease in speech.

You have ten francs. Have you ten francs ?Vous avez dix francs. Ayez-vous dix francs?

The father has a bed. The father, has he a bed ?

Le pre a un lit. Le pre, a il un lit?

The common phrase Il y a becomes Y-a-t-il.

There is a girl Is there a girl ?

Il y a une fille Y-a-t-il une fille ?

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Interrogative : Adjectives and Pronouns :

M F

Sing. Quel Quelle

Pl. Quels Quelles which, before noun.

Which beds do you have ?

Quels lits avez-vous?

Which room ?

Quelle chambre ?

Qui who, whom Who is there ?

Qui est l?

Who is in the room ?

Qui est dans la chambre ?

Que what Whats the matter with you ?

*Quavez-vous ?

*Elision : The two words Que and avez have a vowel at the end and beginning respectively; so the firstvowel is replaced by an apostrophe (). Look for similar elisions.

Negative adverbs :

The following list includes common negations. The English negative has two words inFrench. The verb should be put between the two words.

NOT ne pas (ne.. point for emphases)

They are not in the room.

Elles ne sont pas dans la pice.

NEVER ne. Jamais

No longer (no more) ne plus

NEVER AGAIN = ne. plus jamais

NOTHING = ne rien

NOTHING MORE = ne plus rien

NOT YET = ne pas encore

NOT EITHER = ne . Pas non plus

NEITHER NOR (for verb) = ne ni.. ni

NEITHER NOR (without verb) = ni.. ni

NOT BUT = ne.. plus que

Hardly = ne . Gure ( peine)

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ONLY = ne que (seulement to be used without verb)

VERBS : In French, all the verbs fall in three groups based on the verb ending. Forinstance, the first group comprises of verbs ending in er, e.g. parler = to speak. From theinfinitive parler er is dropeed and on the stem parl the endings e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -entare added.

Infinitive parler

Stem parl

Je parle (I speak, I am speaking, I do speak)

Tu parles

Il parle

Elle parle

Nous parlons

Vous parlez

Ils parlent

Elles parlent

For practice translate the following sentences :

I speak French.

They speak only French.

I do not speak French.

She speaks French

Do you speak French ?

Je parle franais.

Ils parlent franais seulement.

Je ne parle pas franais.

Elle parle franais

Est-ce que vous parlez franais?

VOCABULAIRE :

Name of Popular languages

Allemand German

Anglais English

Arabe Arabie

Chinois Chinese

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Espagnol Spanish

Grc Greek

Italien Italian

Japonais Japanese

Portugais Portuguese

Russe Russian

N.B. : Every form of the verb expresses three shades of meaning. When translating :They are speaking, dont say, Ils sont parlent. Ils parlent does express it.

With the help of the forms of parler and these ten names of languages, you canconstruct many useful sentences.

Formation of Past (Perfect) Tense of Parler :

Use of forms of auxiliary verb avoir and place the past participle thereafter. The p.p. isformed by dropping last r and putting an accent on e Parler. Parl

Jai parl

Il a parl

Nous avons parl

Vous avez parl

Ils sont parl

Formation of Future tense of Parler :

To the stem parler add the endings ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont.

Je parlerai

Tu parleras

Il parlera

Nous parlerons

Vous parlerez

Ils parleront

T+kikyZjs

R;w ikyZjk

fvy~ ikyZjksa

ow ikyZjs

fvy~ ikyZjksa

I shall speak

You shall speak

He/it shall speak

We shall speak

You shall speak

They shall speak

Very useful verbs (Regular) of the First groups :Infinitive Present Perfect Future

Acheter To buy

vkkrs

Jachte Jai achet Jachterai

Aider to help

vsns

Jaide Jai aid Jaiderai

Aimer to like

vses

Jaime Jai aim Jaimerai

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Apporter - to bring

vkiksrsZ

Japporte Jai apport Japporterai

Arriver to arrive

vkfjos+

Jarrive Je suis arriv

T+k

Loh>+kfjo+s

Jarriverai

Changer to change

kka>s

Je change Jai chang Je changerai

Dclarer to declare

nsDykjs

Je dclare Jai dclar Je dclarerai

Demeurer to stay

nE;js

Je demeure Jai demeur Je demeurerai

Donner to give

nksUus

Je donne Jai donn Je donnerai

couter to listenvsdwrs

Jcoute jai cout Jcouterai

Entrer to enter

vka=s

Jentre Je suis entr Jentrerai

Envoyer to send

vkaok;s

Jenavoie Jai envoy Jenvoierai

Fermer Je ferme Jai ferm Je fermerai

Gagner Je gagne Jai gagn Je gagnerai

Garder Je garde Jai gard Je garderai

Manger Je mange Jai mang Je mangerai

Montrer Je montre Jai montr Je montreraiPorter Je porte Jai port Je porterai

Prparer Je prpare Jai prpar Je prparerai

Regarder Je regarde Jai regard Je regarderai

Reserver Je rserve Jai rserv Je rserverai

Tomber Je tombe Je suis tomb Je tomberai

Trouver Je trouve Jai trouv Je trouverai

Danser Je danse Jai dans Je danserai

Fumer Je fume Jai fum Je fumerai

Personal Pronouns : Conjuctive

Me e = me; to meTe r = thee ; to thee

Se l = himself, herself, oneself etc.

Nous uw = us, to us

Vous ow = you, to you

Le y = him, it

La yk = her, it

Les ys = them

Lui yqvh = to him, to herLeur yj = to them

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Y ;h = to it, into it, there

En vka = of it, of them

Examples :

I give him Je le donne

T+k y nksUu

We like it Nous laimons

Ukw yseksa

They give him a newspaper Ils lui donnent un journal.

fvy~ yqvh nksUu~ va>wukZy~

She hears them Elle les coute

vsy~ ys>sdr~I wait for her Je lattend

T+k ykrka

Personal pronoun : Disjunctive (Heavy form) :

Moi Eok = I, me

Toi Rok = Thou, thee

Lui yqvh = He, him

Elle vsy~ = she, her

Nous uw = we

Vous ow = you

Eux v~;~ = they ; them (M)

Elles vsy~ = they ; them (F)

Examples :He is taller than I (am) Il est plus grand que moi.

fvys IY;w xzka d Eok

The house belongs to them. Le maison est eux.Yk est+ksa vsrk v~;w

Indefinite pronoun : On vksa followed by the verb in the singular expresses one, they, orpeople in an indefinite sense.

The dance in France = On danse en France.

vksa nkal~ vka Qzksal~

English is spoken here = On parle anglais ici.

vksa ikyZ~ vkaXysft+fl

Possessive adjectives :

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English M.Sing F.Sing Pl.

My mon eksa ma ek mes es

Thy ton rksa ta rk tes rs

His, her, its son lksa sa lk ses lsOur notre uks= notre nos uks

Yours votre oks= votre vos oks

Their leur Y;~j~ leurs leursY;~j~

Examples :

His house = Sa maison lk est+ksa (Not Son maison)

My Friends = Mes amis est+kfe

Irregular Verb : Allervkys = to go. Though this verb ends in er, it does not conjugatelike parler. Therefore it is called irregular. For the perfect tense, forms of auxiliary verb treare used.

Present Present negative(I go; I am going etc.) (I do not go ; I am not going etc.)Je vais t+ os Je ne vais pas t+ u os ik

Tu vas R;w ok tu ne vas pas R;w u ok ikIl va fvy~ ok il ne va pas fvy~ u ok ikElle va vsy~ ok il ne va pas vsy~ u ok ikNous allons uwt+kyksa nous nallons pas uw ukyksa ikVous allez owt+kys vous nallez pas ow ukys ikIls vont fvy~ oksa ils ne vont pas fvy~ u oksa ikElles vont vsy~ oksa elles ne vont pas vsy~ u oksa ik

Perfect Future(I went, I have gone) (I shall go etc.)

Je suis all t+ Loh >+kys Jiras ft+jsTu es all tu ira R;w fvjkIl est all R;w vs r+kys il ira fvy~ fvjkElle est all fvys rkys Elle ira vsy~ fvjkNous sommes alls vsys rkys nous irons uwt+kjksaVous tes alls uwlksEe~>+kys vous irezow>hjsIls sont alls fvy~lksarkys ils iront fvy~>+hjksaElles sont alls vsy~lksarkys elles iront vsy~>+hjksa

Examples :

We went to cinema Nous sommes alls au cinmauwlksEe~>+kys vks flusek

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Nous vous laveronsUkw ow ykosjksa

I shall not wash myself Je ne me laverai pasTk+ u e yko+js ikVous vous laverez

Okw ow ykojsIls se laveront elles se laverontfvy~ l yko+jksa vsy~ l yko+jksa

Verbs of IInd group : (A) ending in ir like finirfQfuj~ = to washTo form the present tense, to the stem fin- add is, its, it, issons, issez, issent. The p.p. is finiwhich goes with avoir. To form future tense add ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont to finir.

Present Perfect I Finish, I am finishing etc. I finished etc.

Je finis t+ fQfu jai fini t+s fQfuTu finis R;w fQfu tu as fini R;w vk fQfuIl (elle) finit fvy~ fQfu il (elle) a fini fvyk fQfuNous finissons uw fQfuLlksa nous avons fini uwt+koksa fQfuVous finissez ow fQfuLlksa vous avez fini owt+kos fQfuIls (elles) finissent fvy~ fQfuLl~ ils (elles) ont fini fvy~tksa fQfu

* some such verbs : se cacherlk dkks = to hide, se trouverls =wos+ = to be found, secoucherl dwks = to sleep, look for some more

Future Some NegativesJe finirai vous ne finissez pasI will finish you do not finish

Tu finirasYou will finish

Il (elle) finira il ne finira pasHe (her) will finish he will not finish

Nous finirons Nous navons pas finiWe will finish we didnt finish

Vous finirez vous ne finirez pasyou will finish you will not finish

Ils (elles) finiront elle ne finira pasthey will finish she will not finish

Group (A) : punirI;wfuj~ = to punish,

accomplirvkdksafIyj~ = to achieve;

diverterfnosfrZj~ = to entertain; conjugate like finir.

IInd group (B) : some verbs likementirekafrj~ =to tell lies

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partirikfrZj~ = to go away

sentirlkafrj = to feel; smell

servirlsfoZj = to serve

sortirlksfrZj = to go outse repentirls jikafrj = to repent

such verbs conjugate like dormirnksfeZj (to sleep)

Present : je dors, tu dors, il (elle) dort, nous dormons, vous dormez, ils (elles) dormant.

I sleep, you sleep, he (she) sleeps, we sleep, you sleep, they (they) sleeping

Perfect : Jai dormi etc.

I slept

Future : Je dormirai etc.

I will sleep

Irregular Verbs of IInd group : Venirouhj~ = to come

Present : Je viens, tu viens, il (elle) vient, nous venons, vous venez, ils (elles) viennent.

I come, you come, he (her) comes, we come, you come, they (they) come.

Perfect : Je suis venu, tu es venu, il (elle) est venu, nous sommes venus, vous tes venus,ils (elles) sont venus

I came, you came, he (she) came, we came, you came, they came

Future : Je viendrai, vous viendrez, il (elle) viendra, nous viendrons, vous viendrez, ils(elles) viendront.I will come, you will come, he (she) will come, we will come, you will come, they(they) will come

Like venir : tenirrfuj~ ( to hold)

Verbs of IIIrd group : ending inre like vendreokanz (to sell)

Present Perfect

( I sell; I am selling etc.) (I sold, I have sold etc.)

Je vends I sell jai vendu I soldT+k oka t+s oka|w

Tu vends You sell tu as vendu you sold

R;w oka R;w vk oka|w

Il (elle) vend Him (her) sells il (elle) a vendu him (her) soldfvy~ oka fvyk oka|w

Nous vendons We sell nous avons vendu we sold

Ukw okaoksa uwt+koksa oka|w

Vous vendez You sell vous avez vendu you soldOkw okans owt+kos oka|w

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Ils (elles) vendent Them (them) sell ils (elles) ont vendu they (they) sold

fvy~ okan~ fvyt+ksa oka|w

Future Some negatives

Je vendrai t+ okanzs je ne vends pas t+ u oka ikI will sell I do not sell

Tu vendras R;w okanzkyou will sell

Il (elle) vendra fvy okanzk Elle ne vendra pashe (she) will sell she will not sell

Nous vendrons uw okanzksa nous navons pas vendu uw ukoksa ik oka|wwe will sell we didnt sell

Vous vendrez ow okanzswe will sell

Ils vendront fvy~ okanzksathey will sell

Irregular verbs: There are many irregular verbs which defy conjugation on a regularpattern. They would be found in any standard book on French Grammar. Please refer to itand memorise them. I shall deal with them as they appear in conversations given in part II ofthis book.

Demonstrative adjectives :

English M Sing. F. Sing. Pl.

This, That ce cet* cette ces

These, those l ls lsr~ ls

* only before a vowel or h mute.

Examples :

This book = ce livre-ci

That pen = cette plume-l

These boys = Ces garons-ci

These girls = Ces filles-ci

In fact if the near distance from the person or object is implied, one can use suffix ci and forfar object l

Demonstrative Pronouns :

This = cela (a) lyk] lk; This = ceci lk, that = cela lyk.

M F

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This one celui-ici celle-ci

lsYohlh lsy~lh

That one celui-l celle-l

lsYoh-yk lsy~&yk

These ones ceux-ci celles-ci

L;~&lh lsy~&lh

Those ones ceux-l celles-l

L;~&yk lsy~&yk

Special demonstrative pronoun Ce : It is used with tre when the noun following tre isthe same person or thing as the pronoun subject : Examples

He is my friend = Cest mon ami. ls ekukeh

They are my brothers = Ce sont mes frres l lksa es Qzsj~

This is my home = Cest ma maison ls ek est+ksa

These are my pents = Ce sont mes plumes. Ls lksa es Iy;we~

Indefinite adjectives :

Each man = chaque homme kkdksEe~Not a single man = aucum homme vksduksEe~

A few (some) books = quelques liveres dsYd~ yhoz

All = tout tous (M); toute toutes (F)

Rkw rw rwr~ rwr

Indefinite pronouns :

Each of these men = chacum de ces homes kkda n ls t+ksEe~

None = aucum vksda

Some of these books = quelques-uns de ces livres. dsYd~&t+ n ls yhoz~

Somebody = quelquun dsYda

Something = quelque chose dsYd~ kkst+

Nobody = Personne isjlksUu

Nothing = rien fjvsa

Everything = tout rw

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Everybody = tout le monde rw y~ eksan

Comparatives : plus IY;w = more ; moins Eoka = less ; aussi vksLlh = as, placedbefore the adjective que d = than or as placed after the adjective.

My book is more interesting than your paper.

Mon livre est plus intressant que votre journal.

Ekkas yhoz~ vs IY;wt+sarsjslka d oks=~ t+wukZy~

Her daughter is less charming than my daughter.

Sa fille est moins charmante que ma fille.

Lkk Qh;~ vs Eoka kkj~ekar~ d ek Qh;~

His wristwatch is as fine as my watch.

Sa montre bracelet est aussi fine que ma montre.

Lk ekas=~ vsrksLlh csy~ d ek eksa=~

Superlative : It is formed by placing the definite article before plus ormoins preceding theadjective.

My house is the most attractive. Ma maison est le plus attrayant.

Ek koky~ vs y IY;wt+k=s;ka

Your son is the least intelligent. Votre fils est le moins intelligent

Okks=~ fQl~ vs y Eokat+arsfyt+ka

Some Irregular forms :

Comparative Superlative

Bon (good) oksa meilleure;~;j (better) le meilleur y e;~;j (best)

Mauvais ekso+s (bad) pire ihj (worse) le pirey ihj~ (worst)

Bient fovsa (well) mieux E;~ (better) le mieuxy E;~ (best)

Peu I;~ (little) moins Eoka (less) le moinsy eoka (the least)

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35/90

CHAPITRE 3

Time : Lheure Y;~j~ : It is an important factor during the travel. One should bethoroughly conversant with the number. With the help of the numbers and the mode ofexpression given below, nobody should have any difficulty.

Vocabulaire :

After

Afternoon

Always

At once

Beginning

Calender

Clock (on wall)

Clock (town, outside)

Day

During

Early

End

Evening

Fortnight

Hour

Last

Late

Middle

Month

Morning

Never

Next

Night

Now

Often

Sometimes

Soon

Then

Time

Today

Tomorrow

aprs

aprs-midi

toujours

tout de suite

le commencement

Le calendrier

La pendule

L'horloge

Le jour

Pendant

Tt ; de bonne heure

La fin

Le soir

Le quinzaine de jours

L'heure

Dernier

tard

Le milieu

Le mois

Le matin

Jamais

Prochain (m), prochaine (f)

La nuit

Maintenant

Souvent

Quelquefois

Bientt

Alors

Le temps

Aujourd'hui

Demain

vkizs

vkizsfefn

rqt+wj

rwr~fLor~

y dksekal~eka

dkykafnz;s

yk ika|wy~

yksj~ykst+~

y t+wj

ikanka

rks] n~ oksU;j~

yk Qsa

y Lokj~

yk dsat+su n t+wj

Y;~j~

nsfuZvs

rkj~

y feY;w

y Eok

y ekrsa

t+kesizksksa] izksksu~

yk U;qvks

earuka

lwoka

dsYdQ~ok

fcvarks

iqfvy rka

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Week

Wristwatch

Year

Yesterday

La semaine

La montre bracelet

L'anne

Hier

vkst+wjnqfv

nesa

ykl~esu~

eksa=~ykus

fvvsj

N.B. : In the clock-diagram the number of minutes are given outside the dial e.g. cinc fiveminuts, un quart a quarter, demi (e) half an hour, moins le quart a quarterto etc.

What time is it? Quelle heure est-il ? dsyj vsfryIt is five (minutes) past one. C'est une heure fvys R;wu~ v~;~j

It is one Oclock. Il est une heure cinq fvys R;wu~ v~;~j lasd~

It is ten past one. Il est une heure dix. fvys R;wu~ v~;~j fnl~

It is a quarter past one. Il est une heure et (un) quart. fvys R;wu~ v~;~jvsadkj~

It is twenty past one. Il est une heure vingt. fvys R;wu~ v~;~j osa

It is twenty five past one. Il est une heure vingt-cinq. fvys R;wu~ v~;~j osalsad~

It is half past one. Il est une heure et demie. fvys R;wu~ v~;~j vsn~fe

After this the time is expressed as to . E.g. for 1:35 one should say 25 to 2. Lately is alsoexpressed as Il est une heure trente-cinq.

It is twenty five. Il est deux heures* moins vingt cinq.

fvys n~;~t+j~ Eoka osalsad~It is twenty to two. Il est deux heures moins vingt Eoka osa

It is a quarter to two. Il est deux heures moins le quart Eoka ydkj~

It is ten to two. Il est deux heures moins dix Eoka fnl~

It is five to two. Il est deux heures moins cinq Eoka lsad~

It is two Oclock. Il est deux heures fvys n~;~t+j~

* more than one oclock is plural e.g. 2 oclock = deux heures.

Similarly you can express any time on the dial.

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It is noon Il est midi fvys fenh

It is midnight Il est minuit fvys feU;qvh

Three Oclock in the morning Trois heures du matin =qvkT+;j~ |w ekrsa

Three Oclock in the afternoon Trois heures de l'aprs-midi =qvkT+;j n ykizsfenh

Six Oclock in the evening Six heures le soir fl>+j |w Lokj~

It is exactly four Oclock Il est quatre heures prcise. fvys dk=~ v~;~j~izslht+

My watch is slow Ma montre retarde. Ekk ekas=~ jrknZ~

My watch is fast Ma montre avance. Ekk eksa=~ vkokUl~

You have plenty of time Vous avez tout le temps. Okwt+kos rw y rka

Take your time Prenez votre temps. Izkus y rka

I have no time Je n'ai pas de temps. T+k us ik n~ rka

We are in a hurry Nous sommes presss. Ukw lksEe~ izsLls

Hurry up ! Dpchez-vous! nsisks ow

I am early Je suis en avance t+ Loh >ka ukokl~

She is late Elle est en retard vsys rka jrkj+

At the latest Au plus tardif vks IY;w rkj~

At last Enfin vkaQsa

How long does it take to..? Combien de temps faut-il pour ? dksacsa n rkaQksfry iwj

In a minute, please Dans un moment (en une second) nka t+a ekseka

In half an hour Dans une demi-heure nka T+;wu~ nfev~;~j~

An hour and a half Une heure et un demi v~;~u~ v~;~j~ vs n~eh

The day = le joury t+wj ; la journeyk t+wusZ

The morning le matinyk ekrsa, La matineyk ekfrusThe evening- le soiry Lokj~, la soireyk Lokjs

The year = lanyka, lanneykus

Use the feminine form to express the whole period of time.

e.g. I wish to pass the morning in a nice way.

Je dsire passer une bonne journe. T+k nst+hj ikLls v+;wu~ cksUu~ twusZ

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Days of the week: In French names of days do not have a capital letter in the beginning.All are masculine.

Sunday = dimanche fn~ekak~

Monday = lundi yanh

Tuesday = mardi eknhZ

Wednesday = mercredi edzsnh

Thursday = jeudi t+nh

Friday = vendredi okanznh

Saturday = samedi lke~nh

What day is it to-day ? Quel jour est-ce aujourdhui ? dsy~ t+wj vsl~

vkstqjnqfvTo-day is Wednesday Cest aujourdhui mercredi. lsrkst+wjnqfv edzsnh

Last Monday Lundi dernier yanh nsfuZ;s

On Monday Lundi yanh

Next Monday Lundi prochain yanh izksksa

A week on Monday Lundi en huit yanh vkauqfv

A week ago Il y a une semaine fvy ;k v~;wu lesu~

A fortnight on Monday Lundi en quinze yanh vka dsat+A holiday Un jour fri va t+wj~ Qsfj;s

A working day Un jour ouvrable va t+wj~ Qsfj;s

During the day Le jour y t+wj~

At night La nuit yk uqfv

This evening Ce soir l~ Lokj~

Last night Hier soir fvvsj~ Lokj~

This morning Ce matin l ekrsaThis afternoon Cet aprs-midi lsrkizs&fefn

Tomorrow morning damain matin nea~ ekra

Every day tous les jours rw ys t+wj~

All day toute la journe rwr~ yk t+wusZ

The next day le lendemain y ykanesa

The day before yesterday Avant-hier vkokafrvsj~

The day after tomorrow Aprs-demain vkizsnesaLast week La semaine dernier ykl~esu~ nsfuZvsj~

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Next day Le semaine prochain ykl~esu~ izksksu~

Months : All start with a small letter, all are masculine.

January = janvier t+kafOg;s

February = fvrier Qsofj;s

March = mars eklZ~

April = avril vkofjy

May = mai es

June = juin t+oa

July = juillet t+~oh;s

August = aot vw

September = septembre lsIrkacz

October = octobre vksDrkscz

November = novembre uksokacz~

December = dcembre nslkacz~

June 1st (The first of June) = le premier juiny izfe ;s t+oa

May 2nd (The second of may) = le deux mai

July 11th = le onze juillet

August 15th = le quinz aot

March 21st = le vingt et un mars

What day of the month is it ? = Le combien est-ce aujourdhui

The 15th of August, 1968 = le 15 aot mille neuf cent soixante-huit

The Seasons : Les Saisons

Spring = le printempsy izsrka in spring = au printemps vks izsrka

Summer = ltysrs; in summer = en t vkausrs

Autumn = lautomneyksrksUu; in autumn = en automnevkauksrks=~

Winter = lhiverfyOgsj~; in winter = en hivervkafuOgsj~

Easter = Pques ikd~;

Christmas = Nol uksvsy~, Happy Christmas = joyeux Nol T+ok;~; uksvsy~

New years day = jour de lan t+wj n yka

Happy New year to you = Bonne Anne vous cksUus vk ow

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Happy birthday to you = Bon anniversaire vous. cksaukfuOgsj~lsj~ vk ow

--40--


41/90

CHAPITRE 4

Common words & Phrases : Vocabulaire

How = comment dkseka

How many /how much = combiendksfEc;ka

When = quand dka

Where = O

Why = pourquoi

Almost = Presque

Enough = assez

Less = moins

Little = peuMany, much = beaucoup

Too many /too much = trop

Very = trs

Above = dessus

Against = contre

Among = parmi

Before (infront of) = devant

Behind = derrireBelow = dessous

Beside = ct de

Between = entre

Downstairs = en bas

Elsewhere = ailleurs

Everywhere = partout

Except = sauf

Far = loin

For = pour

Inside = dedans

Left = la gauche

Near = prs

Outside = dehors

Over there = l bas

Right = droite

Through = travers

Towards = vers

Until = jusque

Upstairs = en haut

Without = sans

At, to =

At, to (shop etc) = chez

Yes = oui

No = non

Oh yes = mais oui

Oh no = mais non

But yes = mais si

Polite Expressions : While addressing a young woman, say, mademoiselle en~eokt+Sy;a married woman is madame eknke~.

The tourist should be tactful in addressing a woman appropriately.

The gentleman is addressed as monsieur eL;~ = Sir

Good morning, miss = Bonjour, mademoiselle

Good morning, Madam = Bonjour, madame

Good morning Sir = Bonjour, Monsieur

Good Afternoon = Bon aprs-midiGood night = Bonne nuit

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(to be wished to near and dear relatives)

Good bye = Au revoir

Please = S'il vous plat

No, thank you = Merci

(for politely declining the offer)

In accepting the offer, say, Oui, sil vous

Oui oqfv is used generally ; in reply to a negative question or statement, say si if youmean yes.

I beg your pardon (Excuse me) = pardon iknksa

Dont mention it = the rein n fjva (by a woman);

votre service (by a man)

Thats all right = je vous en prie

How are you = Comment allez-vous ?

Very well, and you ? = Trs bien, et vous ?

N.B.: The tourist should address everybody as vousand never as tuwhich is used inclose relations and friends.

Delighted to see you = Enchant de vous voir

Allow me = Permettez moi

Am I disturbing you ? = Est-ce-que je vous drange ?You are very kind = Vous tes trs gentil

I am terribly sorry = je suis navr (dsol)

Dont worry = Ne vous en faites pas

Carry on, please = Faites, sil vous plait

Just a minute, please = Un instant, sil vous plait

Congratulations = Flicitations !

While drinking a toast to the good health = A votre bonne sant

Allow me to introduce you to = Permettez-moi de vous presenter Mr. Shastri = Monsier Chastri

Thank you for your hospitality = Merci de votre hospitalit

We had a nice time = Nous vous sommes bien amuss

General Expressions : Les Expressions gnrales:Look down there Regardez l en basLook up there Regardez l-basI am an Indian Je suis un IndienThat's it C'est aIt's too much C'est tropIt's too dear C'est trop cher

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It's very cheap C'est trs bon marchOn this side Sur ce ctOh the other side Oh l'autre ctWhat's the matter Ce qui est le problmeI don't know Je ne sais pasI know nothing about it Je ne sais rien leYou are right Vous avez raisonYou are wrong Vous avez tortThis doesn't work Cela ne travaille pasOn the contrary Au contraireIt is fine weather C'est temps finIt is bad weather C'est mauvais tempsI think so Je pense doncI don't think so Je ne pense pas doncWhose turn is it ? qui tour est-ce que c'est?It is not my fault Ce n'est pas ma fauteWhat is that ? Quel est cela?

Like this Comme ceciLike that Comme celaSo so Comme ci comme aI am looking for my hat Je cherche mon chapeauAgreed ConsentiAlright BienIt is Wonderful C'est MerveilleuxOnce more Encore une foisHow are things ? Comment est-ce que les choses sont?I am bored Je suis ennuyWhat a pity ! Quel dommage!Be quiet (shut up !) taisez-vous!

Some difficulties :

I don't understand you Je ne vous comprends pas

I cannot speak French Je ne peux pas parler franais

Please write it down S'il vous plat crivez-le vers le bas

Please speak slowly S'il vous plat parlez lentement

It is eacy C'est eacy

It is difficult C'est difficile

Do you speak English ? Est-ce que vous parlez anglais?

Is there anybody here who speaksEnglish ?

Est-ce qu'il y a personne ici qui parleanglais?

Will you read this ? Est-ce que vous lirez ceci?

My suitcase has been stolen Ma valise a t vole

Will you help me ? Est-ce que vous m'aiderez?

That man is following me everywhere Cet homme me suit partout

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Help ! Au secours ! Aidez! Secours Au!

Fire ! Au feu ! Tirez! Feu Au!

Thief ! Au voleur ! Le voleur! Voleur Au!

I shall stay here Je resterai ici

I shall call a policeman J'appellerai un agent de police

Where is the Indian Embassy ?O est-ce que l'Ambassade indienneest?

I lost the address of my hotel J'ai perdu l'adresse de mon htel

Where is hotel continental O est htel continental

Where are you going O est vous aller

I would like to come with you J'aimerais venir avec vousLet me pass Laissez-moi passer

Public Notices : Les Avis publics:

Notice L'avis

Way in L'entre

Way out La sortie

To let Laisser

To be sold tre vendu

knock ! frappez!

ring ! sonnez!

open ouvert

Closed ferm

Vacant vacant

Engaged engag

lift (elevator) l'ascenseur (ascenseur)

beware of the dog mfiez-vous du chien

Lavatory la toilette

It is forbidden to Il est dfendu

No entry Aucune entre

trespassers will be prosecuted les intrus seront poursuivisspitting is forbidden cracher est dfendu

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Stick no bills Ne collez pas de billets

Room to let Partagez un logement pour laisser

Public station Le poste public

You are requested to Vous tes demands

Do not touch Ne touchez pas

We paint Nous peignons

Standing room only La pice debout seulement

Please wipe your feet S'il vous plat essuyez vos pieds

Useful Abbreviations : Les Abrviations utiles:

Electricity Board of France Comit de l'lectricit de France

Gas Board of France Comit du gaz de France

General Post Office Le bureau de poste gnral

Postes et Telecommunications Les Postes et Tlcommunications

Paris Trasnport Paris Trasnport

French Railways Les Voies ferres franaises

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CHAPITRE 5

Travel by Plane : Voyage en avion

Vocablaire :

air hostess l'htesse de l'air

air line la ligne de l'air

air-sickness arez la maladie

Crew l'quipage

to fly voler

jet plane l'avion ractionto land dbarquer

Landing dbarquer

passenger le passager

Pilot le pilote

Runway la piste d'envol

Seat le sige

seat (back of) le sige (en arrire de)

seat-belt la sige ceinture

Steward l'conome

take-off le dcollage

to take off partir

Tray le plateau

window (in plane) la fentre (dans avion)

The plane is landing L'avion dbarque

Welcome to Paris Accueillez Paris

The Civilian airport at Paris is called Le Bouget

Where is the Airline Office?O est-ce que le Bureau de la Lignearienne est?

I want to reserve a seat on the planeleaving tonight for London.

Je veux rserver un sige sur le dpartplan pour Londres ce soir.

The plane is announced L'avion est annoncWhat time does it leave ? Quel temps est-ce qu'il part?

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Put out your cigarettes. teignez vos cigarettes.

Fasten your seat-belts. Attachez vos sige ceintures.

I do not feel well, Miss. Je ne sens pas bien, Mlle.

I have air-sickness J'ai l'air maladie

Bring me a glass of water Apportez-moi un verre d'eau

Coffee, Brandy, Bear Caf, Cognac, Ours,

I cannot fasten my seat beltJe ne peux pas attacher ma ceinture descurit

I am a vegetarian Je suis vgtarien

Travel by Sea : Voyage par mer.

Vocabularire :

berth, cabine donnez un poste , cabine

boat le bateau

cabin-boy le garon de cabane

captain le capitaine

cook cuisez

deck le pont

deck-chair la chaise de pont

(to) embark () embarquez

emigrants les migrants

fishing boat le bateau de pche

gangway le passageharbour le port

(to) land () terre

motorboat le canot automobile

oil-tanker huilez le ptrolier

pier la jete

port-hole le trou de port

quay le quai

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sailor le marin

seasickness le mal de mer

ship le bateau

ship's wireless le sans fil de bateau

(to make) signals (faire) signaux

smoke-room la fume pice

steamer la vapeur

stewardess l'htesse

swimming pool la piscine

wireless operator l'oprateur de TSF

yacht le yacht

lighthouse le phare

Is this the boat for Calais ? Est ce le bateau pour Calais?

Wait for me Attendez-moi

Time is up Le temps est au-dessus

Where is your luggage ? O est-ce que votre bagages est?

Where is your berth ? O est-ce que votre couchette est?

Is the sea smooth ? Est-ce que la mer est lisse?

The sea is rough La mer est rugueuse

It is blowing a gale Il gaspille un vent fort

I feel sick Je me sens malade

Bring me some tea, please Apportez-moi quelque th, s'il vous plat,

Look for my things Cherchez mes choses

I am seasick Je suis malade

Where is the swimming pool ? O est-ce que la piscine est?

Travel by train : Voyagez en train:

Vocabulaire : Vocabulaire:

booking office le bureau de location

buffet la gifle

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carriage (car) la voiture (voiture)

clock-room l'horloge pice

compartment le compartiment

corridor le couloir

cushion le coussin

departure le dpart

dining-car le wagon-restaurant

door (on train) la porte (sur train)

door-keeper le porte gardien

engine le moteur

enquiry office le bureau de l'enquiry

entrance (wain in) l'entre (charrette dans)

exit (way out) la sortie (sortie)

express l'express

fare le prix du billet

single fare le prix du billet seul

return fare le prix du billet du retour

foot-board le pied comit

guard le garde

guide le guide

hall-porter le concierge de couloir

holiday-ticket le fte billet

luggage le bagages

luggage-van le bagages fourgon


pillow l'oreiller

platform la plate-forme

platform ticket le billet de la plate-forme

non-stop express l'express sans arrt

porter le concierge

rails les rails

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railway la voie ferre

rail-car la rail voiture

railway station la gare

ticket le billet

first class la premire classe

second class deuxime classe

third class troisimement classe

seat reserved le sige a rserv

seat reservation asseyez-vous la rservation

sleeping-car la voiture endormie

ticket collector tiquetez le collecteur

station master le matre du poste

time table le calendrier

train le train

trunk le tronc

waiting room la salle d'attente

window la fentre

Where is the railwaystation ? O est-ce que la gare est?

Where is the bookingoffice? O est-ce que le bureau de location est?

Where is the enquiryoffice ? O est-ce que le bureau de l'enquiry est?

Where is the refreshmentroom? O est-ce que la pice durafrachissement est?

Where is the lavotory? O est-ce que le lavotory est?

A first class ticket to Paris Un billet de la premire classe Paris

What is the fare to Nice ? Quel est le prix du billet Nice?

I want a berth Je veux une couchette

We want a sleeping car Nous voulons un wagon-lit

All on aboard Tout sur bord

Call the guard Appelez le garde

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Open the door, please Ouvrez la porte, s'il vous plat,

Close the window Fermez la fentre

Show your tickets Montrez vos billets

Tickets, please Billets, s'il vous plat,

The train is late Le train est en retard

The train does not stop Le train n'arrte pas

Put the cases on the rack Mettez les cas sur le casier

I cannot find my ticket Je ne peux pas trouver mon billet

Wait while I look for it. Attendez pendant que je le cherche.

Have you found it ? Est-ce que vous l'avez trouv?

Here is my ticket Voici mon billet

At the front of the train Au devant du train

I follow you Je vous suis

I am in a hurry Je suis press

I have a train to catch. J'ai un train pour attraper.

Porter, put my luggage inthe train for Marseilles.

Le concierge, mettez mon bagages dansle train pour Marseille.

From which platform ? De quelle plate-forme?

How much is that ? Combien est cela?

A child's ticket please. Le billet d'un enfant s'il vous plat.

It stops at the stations. Il arrte aux postes.

Has the train for Bordeauxgone ?

Est-ce que le train pour Bordeaux estall?

I have missed the train. J'ai manqu le train.

Here is my luggage. Voici mon bagages.

Porter, take it to the cloak-room.

Le concierge, apportez-le la manteaupice.

Travel by Coach, Bus, Metro, Taxi

Vocabulaire :

bus l'autobus

coach l'entraneur

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conductor le conducteur

driver le conducteur

fare le prix du billet


stop (compulsory) l'arrt (obligatoire)

stop (request) l'arrt (demande)

taxi le taxi

ticket (book of) le billet (livre de)

Call a taxi Appelez un taxi

Driver, driver slowly Le conducteur, conducteur lentement

Driver, drive quickly Le conducteur, conduisez rapidement

Put my luggage in car Mettez mon bagages dans voiture

Drive me to the railwaystation Conduisez-moi la gare

What is the fare ? Quel est le prix du billet?

No, the next one Non, le prochain on

We shall take a bus Nous prendrons un autobus

Do you go to Paris ? Est-ce que vous allez Paris?

Give me a ticket Donnez-moi un billet

Full inside Plein l'intrieur de

I wish to get out Je souhaite sortir

Motoring : LAutomobilisme.

Vocabulaire :

accelerator ( throttle) l'acclrateur (manette des gaz)

battery la pile

Boot la botte

Brake le frein

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breakown breakown

can (petrol) (essence)

caravan la caravane

car licence la licence de la voiture

Clutch la prise

carburettor carburettor

drive ( to ) la promenade ()

Driver le conducteur

driving licence la licence imprieuse

engine le moteur

Fan le ventilateur

fanbelt fanbelt

Fine l'amende

funnel l'entonnoir

gear-box la bote de vitesses

ignition l'ignitiongarage le garage

Horn la corne

highway code le code d'autoroute

Jack le valet

Lorry le camion

lights (head) les lumires (tte)

lubrication la lubrification

mechanic la mcanique

milestone la borne

Mirror le miroir

motorcar l'automobile

motorway l'autoroute

numberplate la plaque minralogique

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Nut la noix

Oil l'huile

pedestrian le piton

Petrol l'essence

Petrol pump la pompe essence

radiator le radiateur

reverse le revers

saloon le saloon

Screw le vis

screwdriver le tournevis

Skid le drapage

spanner la clef

Spark-plug la bougie

Speed la vitesse

steering wheel le volant

Traffic-lights les circulation lumiresTraffic jam l'embouteillage

Tube le tube

Tyre le pneu

tubeless tyre le pneu sans chambre

Walve walve

Wheel la roue

I want some petrol. ( Oil, water etc.)Je veux quelque essence. (Huile,arrosez etc.)

Inflate the tyres, please Gonflez les pneus, s'il vous plat,

Check the pressure. Vrifiez la pression.

Will you clean it ? Est-ce que vous le nettoierez?

Can you repair ? Est-ce que vous pouvez rparer?

This does not work. Cela ne travaille pas.

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I have a breakdown. J'ai un chec.

This tyre is flat. Ce pneu est plat.

My car is on the road two kilometersfrom here.

Ma voiture est sur la route deuxkilomtres d'ici.

The plug is dirty. Le bouchon est sale.

The clutch doesn't work. La prise ne travaille pas.

I have broken it. Je l'ai cass.

Can you drive ? Est-ce que vous pouvez conduire?

He drives well Il conduit bien

He drives badly Il conduit mal

The car is skidding. La voiture drape.He drives at full speed. Il conduit toute vitesse.

He dries at low speed. Il sche basse vitesse.

Start ! Stop ! Commencez! Arrtez!

Go into second gear. Allez dans deuxime quipement.

I have lost all my documents. J'ai perdu tous mes documents.

don't go fast. n'allez pas jene.

Stop at the corner. Arrtez au coin.

I want a motoring map. Je veux une carte de l'automobilisme.

Notice to Motorists. Avis aux Automobilistes.

Road Signs : They are in French.

Attention = Drive with care

Au goudron = beware of tar

cole = schoolpitons = pedestrians crossings

traveaux = road works ahead

Carrefour = Road junctions

Cassis = Unewed road

Croisements = Cross roads

Dfense de doubier = Overtaking prohibited

Dpassement Interdit = Overtaking prohibitedGravillons = Beware of loose chips

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Impasse = No road

Pare (P) = Parking place

Passage Niveau = Railway Crossing

Sens Unique = One way.

Customs & Porters :

Vocabulaire :

Arrival l'arrive

Bag le sac

Camera l'appareil-photo

cardboard box la bote en carton

Cigar le cigare

Crossing traverser

Customs les coutumes

customs officer le douanier

declare dclarez

Departure le dpart

item (luggage) l'article (bagages)

Key la clef

Label l'tiquette

Number le nombre

Overcoat le pardessus

Parcel la parcelle

Passport le passeport

Porter le concierge

Raincoat l'impermable

Suitcase la valise

Tobacco le tabac

Umbrella le parapluie

Come to the custom-house Venez la douaneHave you your passport? Ayez-vous votre passeport?

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Open your bag (suitcase, trunk) Ouvrez votre sac (valise, tronc)

Here are the keys Voici les clefs

Have you anything to declare Ayez-vous n'importe quoi pour dclarer

Not that I know. Is this all ? Pas que je sais. Est-ce que c'est tout?

These are examples Ce sont des exemples

What is the duty ? Quel est le devoir?

Is my baggage passed ? Est-ce que mon bagages est pass?

Porter, what is your number ? Concierge, ce qui est votre nombre?

Remove my luggage. Enlevez mon bagages.I have only a suitcase. J'ai seulement une valise.

Look out ! The lock (handle) is brokRegardez dehors! La serrure (manche) est brok

No, I have nothing to declare Non, je n'ai rien pour dclarer

I have a bottle of spirits. (perfume) J'ai une bouteille d'alcools. (parfum)

I have lost my keys. J'ai perdu mes clefs.

Help me to close this case. Aidez-moi pour fermer ce cas.

I cannot find my porter No. 10. Je ne peux pas trouver mon concierge No. 10.

How much do I pay you ? Combien est-ce que je paie vous?

For three items. F 120 Pour trois articles. F 120

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CHAPITRE 6

Changing money : It is important to change your travellers cheques, demand drafts orpounds or U.S. $ notes into French Francs. This exchange facility is available at the airport,

sea-port, banks and reputable hotels. It is better to have sufficient French money on hand.Get acquainted with the notes and coins as you may need them for paying taxi fares and tipsetc. In France, Belgium and Switzerland Franc is the basic unit of currency. A Franc isdivided into 100 centimes.

TABLES

The exchange rate in these countries varies from time to time. You would insert theequivalent of the centimes and francs in Pounds or U.S. $ or Ind. Rs. That would give yousome idea of the standard of living in the country of your visit and the money you wouldspend.

Insert the prevailing notes of Exchange :

1. U.S. $ 1 = Franc Rs.

2. Stg. pound 1 = Francs Rs.

3. Re. 1 = Francs Rs.

4. Franc 1 = Rs.

Money France Switzer Belgium

1 centi.10 centi.

50 centi.

1 Franc

5 F

10 F

20 F

50 F

100 F500 F

1000 F

Vocabulaire : Money

Bank la banque

(to) cash () argent

change (small) le changement (petit)

Cheque le chque

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cheque (traveller's) le chque (voyageur)

Coin la pice

Exchange l'change

letter of credit lettre de crdit

Money l'argent

money exchangeoffice

le bureau de l'change del'argent

Note la note

Rate le taux

Mattress le matelas

Office le bureaupage-boy la page

Pillow l'oreiller

plug (electric) le bouchon (lectrique)

Proprietor le propritaire

reading lamp la lisant lampe

sheet (bed) le drap (lit)

sitting room le salon

Staircase l'escalier

switch (light) le changement (lumire)

Tap le robinet

tap (hot) le robinet (chaud)

tap (cold) le robinet (froid)

terrace la terrasse

Towel la serviette

Valet le valet de chambre

Wardrobe l'armoire

Washbasin le lavabo

Window la fentre

b. Laundry & Waching

Brassiere le soutien-gorge

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Button le bouton

Clothes les vtements

Handkerchief le foulard

jacket (coat) la veste (manteau)

Jumper le sauteur

laundry (place) la lessive (place)

laundry (clothes)la lessive(vtements)

laundry-man le lessive homme

Nightdress la chemise de nuit

Pants les pantalonsPanties les culottes

Petticoat le jupon

pullover (sweater)le pull-over (pull-over)

Pyjamas les pyjamas

Scarf l'charpe

Shirt la chemiseShoes les chaussures

Stocks les rserves

Stockings les bas

Suit le costume

Trousers les pantalons

Where is the laundry?O est-ce que la lessiveest?

I want this shirtwashed.

Je veux cette chemiselave.

Please return it onMonday.

S'il vous plat rendez-lelundi.

That is badly done. Cela est fait mal.

This is badly ironed Cela est repass mal

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I am expecting a young lady (lady,gentleman)

I am expecting a young lady (lady,gentleman)

Please send her (him) up at once. Please send her (him) up at once.

Wake me at 5:00 a.m. Wake me at 5:00 a.m.

I shall pay in advance I shall pay in advance

Are there any letters for me ? Are there any letters for me ?

I have some things to be washed. I have some things to be washed.

When can you let me have them back? When can you let me have them back?

I have not enough French money. I have not enough French money.

My bill please. My bill please.

Will you take traveler's cheque. Will you take traveler's cheque.Is the taxi there ? Is the taxi there ?

Take my luggage down. Take my luggage down.

Here is the key. Here is the key.

Thank you and good-bye. Thank you and good-bye.

Restaurants & Cafs :

One should secure lodging in a hotel orpension but should eat outside, so you would getvariety and at the same time you can arrange it in your sightseeing schedule. In a Frenchrestaurantyou would get two choices. On the menu it is mentioned : 1. la carte. The mealcan be selected according to your taste and prices quoted. 2. prix fixe. The meal is set i.e.the courses are fixed and you pay the fixed lump-sump. Most famous restaurants displaytheir menu at the door with to-days special i.e. le plat du jour. The menu also states thecover charge (couvert : %francs) wine included (vin compris) and service : 10% of the bill.Giving tip is not necessary if service is included in the bill.

There are four meals in a day :

1. le petit djeuner : breakfast. The heavy breakfast is called le petit djeuneranglais. The light one is called le petit djeuner continental.

2. le djeuner : Lunch

3. le gouter : Afternoon

4. le dner : dinner.

In Frence, le Cafe is a kind of social centre where only may sit in conversation over adrink. You can get any drink but a caf does not generally serve food. They may snacks(casse-croute) or spcialities (dgustation). A notice On peut apporter son manger allows

the customer to eat his own food on the premises and the caf supplies drinks.

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At brasserie you may get good meals as in a restaurant.

At a ptisserie orconfiserie(cake shop) you may get tea, coffee or chocolate with itsspecial pastries.

At a Buvette one gets beer and soft drinks.

Vocabulaire : General things

Ashtray le cendrier

Bar la barre

Bill le billet

Bottle la bouteille

Bowl la boule

coffee-pot le caf pot

Cork le bouchon

cork-screw bouchez le vis

course (dish) le cours (plat)

Cup la tasse

egg-cup l'oeuf tasse

Fork la fourchette

Glass le verre

Knife le couteau

ladle (soup) le louche (soupe)

Meal le repas

Menu le menu

milk jug trayez la cruche

Plate la plaque

plate (soup) la plaque (soupe)

salad bowl la boule de la salade

Saucer la soucoupe

serviette (napkin) serviette (serviette)

Spoon la cuillre

Tablecloth la nappe

Tablespoon la cuillre soupe

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Teapot la thire

tea (coffee) spoon le th (caf) cuillre

Tip la pointe

tooth-pick la dent pioche

waiter (chief) le serveur (chef)

waiter (wine) le serveur (vin)

Waitress la serveuse

water jug arrosez la cruche

wine list la liste du vin

Breakfast : Le petit djeuner

Is breakfast ready ? Est-ce que le petit djeuner est prt?

I am vegetarian. Je suis vgtarien.

I want a simple breakfast. Je veux un petit djeuner simple.

some tea please. quelque th s'il vous plat.

Is the tea made ? Est-ce que le th est fait?

No sugar, thank you Aucun sucre, merci

I want a full breakfast. Je veux un petit djeuner plein.

Do you want an egg ? Est-ce que vous voulez un oeuf?

Yes, please Oui, s'il vous plat

Give me the salt andpepper. Donnez-moi le sel et poivre.

Some toasts, please Quelques-uns rtit, s'il vous plat

Pass me t

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