Free Response- Name Exam Review · A 150-newton force, applied to a wooden crate at an angle of...

Free Response- NameExam Review

Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of physics.

A 150-newton force, applied to a wooden crate at an angle of 30.° above the horizontal, causesthe crate to travel at constant velocity across a horizontal wooden floor, as represented below.

1. Calculate the magnitude of the normal force exerted by the floor on the crate. [Show all work,including the equation and substitution with units.]

2. Determine the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the crate.

3. Calculate the magnitude of the horizontal component of the 150-newton force. [Show all work,including the equation and substitution with units.]

Base your answers to questions 4 and 5 on the information and graph below and on your knowledgeof physics.

The graph below represents the speed of a marble rolling down a straight incline as a function oftime.

4. Calculate the distance the marble travels during the first 3.0 seconds. [Show all work, including theequation and substitution with units.]

5. What quantity is represented by the slope of the graph?

Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of physics.

As represented in the diagram below, a constant 15-newton force, F, is applied to a2.5-kilogram box, accelerating the box to the right at 2.0 meters per second squared across a roughhorizontal surface.

6. Determine the magnitude of the force of friction on the box.

7. Calculate the magnitude of the net force acting on the box. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on theinformation below and on your knowledge ofphysics.

A horizontal 20.-newton force is applied to a5.0-kilogram box to push it across a rough,horizontal floor at a constant velocity of 3.0meters per second to the right.

8. Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction betweenthe box and the floor. [Show all work, including theequation and substitution with units]

9. Calculate the weight of the box. [Show all work,including the equation and substitution with units.]

10. Determine the magnitude of the force of frictionacting on the box.

Base your answers to questions 11 through 13 on the graph below, which represents the relationship between velocity and time for a car moving along astraight line, and your knowledge of physics.

11. Identify the physical quantity represented by the shaded area on the graph.

12. Determine the magnitude of the car’s acceleration during the first 6.0 seconds.

13. Determine the magnitude of the average velocity of the car from t = 6.0 seconds to t = 10. seconds.

14. A 7.28-kilogram bowling ball traveling 8.50 meters per second east collides head-on with a 5.45kilogram bowling ball traveling 10.0 meters per second west. Determine the magnitude of the totalmomentum of the two-ball system after the collision.

Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the information and graph below.

The graph below shows the relationship between speed and elapsed time for a car moving in astraight line.

15. Calculate the total distance the car traveled during the time interval 4.0 seconds to 8.0 seconds. [Showall work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

16. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the car.

Base your answers to questions 17 through 19 on the information below.

A river has a current flowing with a velocity of 2.0 meters per second due east. A boat is 75meters from the north riverbank. It travels at 3.0 meters per second relative to the river and isheaded due north. In the diagram below, the vector starting at point P represents the velocity of theboat relative to the river water.

17. Calculate or find graphically the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the boat. [Show all work,including the equation and substitution with units or construct the resultant velocity vector for thegraph, using a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 0.50 meter per second. The value of the magnitude must bewritten below]

18. On the diagram below, use a ruler and protractor to construct a vector representing the velocity of theriver current. Begin the vector at point P and use a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 0.50 meter per second.

19. Calculate the time required for the boat to cross the river. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]

20. Calculate the magnitude of the average gravitational force between Earth and the Moon. [Show allwork, including the equation and substitution with units.]

21. Calculate the time required for a 6000.-newton net force to stop a 1200.-kilogram car initiallytraveling at 10. meters per second. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution withunits.]

Base your answers to questions 22 through 25 on the information and diagram below.

A model airplane heads due east at 1.50 meters per second, while the wind blows due north at 0.70meter per second. The scaled diagram below represents these vector quantities.

22. Determine the angle between north and the resultant velocity.

_______________________ °

23. Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity.

_____________________________ m/s

24. On the diagram, use a protractor and a ruler to construct a vector to represent the resultant velocity ofthe airplane. Label the vector R.

25. Using a ruler, determine the scale used in the vector diagram.

1.0 cm = __________________________ m/s

Base your answers to questions 26 through 28 on theinformation below.

A student and the waxed skis he is wearing have acombined weight of 850 newtons. The skier travelsdown a snow-covered hill and then glides to the eastacross a snow-covered, horizontal surface.

26. Calculate the magnitude of the force of frictionacting on the skis as the skier glides across thesnow-covered, horizontal surface. [Show all work,including the equation and substitution with units.

27. Calculate the magnitude of the force of frictionacting on the skis as the skier glides across thesnow-covered, horizontal surface. [Show all work,including the equation and substitution with units.]

28. Determine the magnitude of the normal force exertedby the snow on the skis as the skier glides across thehorizontal surface.

_______________________ N

29. A 0.50-kilogram frog is at rest on the banksurrounding a pond of water. As the frog leaps fromthe bank, the magnitude of the acceleration of thefrog is 3.0 meters per second2 . Calculate themagnitude of the net force exerted on the frog as itleaps. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.


An ice skater applies a horizontal force to a20.-kilogram block on frictionless, level ice,causing the block to accelerate uniformly at 1.4meters per second2 to the right. After the skaterstops pushing the block, it slides onto a region ofice that is covered with a thin layer of sand. Thecoefficient of kinetic friction between the blockand the sand-covered ice is 0.28.

30. Calculate the magnitude of the force of frictionacting on the block as it slides over the sand-coveredice. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]

31. Determine the magnitude of the normal force actingon the block.

32. On the diagram below, starting at point A, draw avector to represent the force applied to the block bythe skater. Begin the vector at point A and use ascale of 1.0 centimeters = 5.0 newtons.

33. Calculate the magnitude of the force applied to theblock by the skater [Show all work, including theequation and substitution with units.]

34. A person walks 150. meters due east and then walks30. meters due west. The entire trip takes the person10. minutes. Determine the magnitude and thedirection of the person’s total displacement.


A kicked soccer ball has an initial velocity of25 meters per second at an angle of 40º above thehorizontal, level ground. [Neglect friction.]

35. On the diagram below, sketch the path of the ball’sflight from its initial position at point P until itreturns to level ground.

36. Calculate the maximum height the ball reachesabove its initial position. [Show all work, includingthe equation and substitution with units.]

37. Calculate the magnitude of the vertical component ofthe ball’s initial velocity [Show all work, includingthe equation and substitution with units.]

Base your answers to questions 38 through 40 on the information and vector diagram below.

A dog walks 8.0 meters due north and then 6.0 meters due east.

38. Determine the magnitude of the dog's total displacement.

39. On the diagram above, construct the resultant vector that represents the dog's total displacement.

40. Using a metric ruler and the vector diagram, determine the scale used in the diagram.

41. The graph below represents the velocity of an objecttraveling in a straight line as a function of time.

Determine the magnitude of the total displacementof the object at the end of the first 6.0 seconds

Base your answers to questions 42 and 43 on the information below.

A 747 jet, traveling at a velocity of 70. meters per second north, touches down on a runway.The jet slows to rest at the rate of 2.0 meters per second2.

42. On the diagram below, point P represents the position of the jet on the runway. Beginning at point P, draw a vector to represent the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the jet as it comes torest. Use a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 0.50 meter/second2.

43. Calculate the total distance the jet travels on the runway as it is brought to rest. [Show all work,including the equation and substitution with units.]

44. A 1500-kilogram car accelerates at 5.0 meters persecond2 on a level, dry, asphalt road. Determine themagnitude of the net horizontal force acting on thecar.

45. Base your answer to the following question on theinformation below.

A 75-kilogram athlete jogs 1.8 kilometersalong a straight road in 1.2 × 103 seconds.

Determine the average speed of the athlete in metersper second.


A horizontal force of 8.0 newtons is used to pull a 20.-newton wooden box moving toward the rightalong a horizontal, wood surface, as shown.

46. Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the box. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]

47. Determine the mass of the box.

48. Determine the magnitude of the net force acting on the box.

49. Calculate the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the box. [Show all work, including theequation and substitution with units.]

50. Starting at point P on the diagram below, use a metric ruler and a scale of 1.0 cm = 4.0 N to draw avector representing the normal force acting on the box. Label the vector FN.


A force of 60. newtons is applied to a rope to pull a sled across a horizontal surface at a constantvelocity. The rope is at an angle of 30. degrees above the horizontal.

51. Determine the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the sled.

52. Calculate the magnitude of the component of the 60.-newton force that is parallel to the horizontalsurface. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]


A spark timer is used to record the position of a lab cart accelerating uniformly from rest. Each 0.10second, the timer marks a dot on a recording tape to indicate the position of the cart at that instant, asshown.

53. On the diagram below, mark at least four dots to indicate the position of a cart traveling at a constantvelocity.

54. Calculate the average speed of the cart during the time interval t = 0 second to t = 0.30 second. [Showall work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

55. Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the cart during the time interval t = 0 second to t =0.30 second. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

56. Using a metric ruler, measure the distance the cart traveled during the interval t = 0 second to t = 0.30second. Record your answer below, to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.

_____________ cm


Force A with a magnitude of 5.6 newtons and force B with a magnitude of 9.4 newtons actconcurrently on point P.

57. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force.

58. On the diagram below, use a ruler and protractor to construct a vector representing the resultant offorces A and B.

59. Determine the scale used in the diagram.

1.0 cm = ____________ N


A car on a straight road starts from rest and accelerates at 1.0 meter per second2 for 10. seconds.Then the car continues to travel at constant speed for an additional 20. seconds.

60. Calculate the distance the car travels in the first 10. seconds. [Show all work, including the equationand substitution with units.]

61. On the grid provided, use a ruler or straightedge to construct a graph of the car's speed as a functionof time for the entire 30.-second interval.

62. Determine the speed of the car at the end of the first 10. seconds.

63. A 10.-kilogram rubber block is pulled horizontally atconstant velocity across a sheet of ice. Calculate themagnitude of the force of friction acting on theblock. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]

64. Explain the difference between a scalar and vectorquantity.

65. A skier on waxed skis is pulled at constant speedacross level snow by a horizontal force of 39newtons. Calculate the normal force exerted on theskier. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]

66. Objects in free fall near the surface of Earthaccelerate downward at 9.81 meters per second2.Explain why a feather does not accelerate at this ratewhen dropped near the surface of Earth.


A 10.-kilogram box, sliding to the right across arough horizontal floor, accelerates at -2.0 meters persecond due to the force of friction.

67. Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction betweenthe box and the floor. [Show all work, including theequation and substitution with units.]

68. On the diagram provided, draw a vector representingthe net force acting on the box. Begin the vector atpoint P and use a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 5.0newtons.

69. Calculate the magnitude of the net force acting onthe box. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]


A car traveling at a speed of 13 meters per secondaccelerates uniformly to a speed of 25 meters persecond in 5.0 seconds.

70. A truck traveling at a constant speed covers the sametotal distance as the car in the same 5.0-second timeinterval. Determine the speed of the truck.

71. Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of thecar during this -second time interval. [Show allwork, including the equation and substitution withunits.]

Base your answers to questions 72 through 74 on theinformation and diagram below.

In the scaled diagram, two forces, F1 and F2, act on a 4.0-kilogram block at point P. Force F1 has a magnitude of 12.0 newtons, and is directedtoward the right.

72. Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of theblock.

73. Determine the magnitude of the net force acting onthe block.

74. Using a ruler and the scaled diagram, determine themagnitude of F2 in newtons.

Base your answers to questions 75 and 76 on theinformation below.

A physics class is to design an experiment todetermine the acceleration of a student on inlineskates coasting straight down a gentle incline.The incline has a constant slope. The studentshave tape measures, traffic cones, andstopwatches.

75. Indicate which equation(s) they should use todetermine the student’s acceleration.

76. Describe a procedure to obtain the measurementsnecessary for this experiment.

77. Two physics students have been selected by NASA to accompany astronauts on a future mission tothe Moon. The students are to design and carryout a simple experiment to measure the accelerationdue to gravity on the surface of the Moon.

Describe an experiment that the students could conduct to measure the acceleration due to gravity onthe Moon. Your description must include:

• the equipment needed• what quantities would be measured using the equipment• what procedure the students should follow inconducting their experiment• what equations and/or calculations the students would need to do to arrive at a value for theacceleration due to gravity on the Moon


A soccer player accelerates a 0.50-kilogram soccerball by kicking it with a net force of 5.0 newtons.Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of theball. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.]

Base your answers to questions 79 and 80 on theinformation below.

A hiker walks 5.00 kilometers due north andthen 7.00 kilometers due east.

79. What total distance has she traveled?

80. What is the magnitude of her resultant displacement?


A force of 10. Newtons toward the right is exerted ona wooden crate initially moving to the right on ahorizontal wooden floor. The crate weighs 25Newtons.

a Calculate the magnitude of the force of frictionbetween the crate and the floor.b On the diagram, draw and label all vertical forcesacting on the crate.c On the diagram,draw and label all horizontal forcesacting on the crate.d What is the magnitude of the net force acting onthe crate?e Is the crate accelerating? Explain your answer.


A child is flying a kite, K. A student at point B, located 100. meters away from point A (directlyunderneath the kite), measures the angle of elevation of the kite from the ground as 30.0°. (Image ofkite diagram not to scale)

82. A small lead sphere is dropped from the kite. Calculate the amount of time required for the sphere tofall to the ground. [Show all calculations, including the equation and substitution with units. Neglectair resistance.]

83. Use a metric ruler and your scale diagram to determine the height, AK, of the kite.

84. In the space provided above, use a metric ruler and protractor to draw a triangle representing thepositions of the kite, K, and point A relative to point B that is given. Label points A and K. Use ascale of 1.0 centimeter = 10. meters.

85. Explain how to find the coefficient of kinetic frictionbetween a wooden block of unknown mass and atabletop in the laboratory. Include the following inyour explanation:• Measurements required• Equipment needed• Procedure• Equation(s) needed to calculate the coefficient offriction


The following diagram is provided for practice purposes only. A 10.0-kilogram block slides atconstant speed down a plane inclined at 20.° to the horizontal, as shown.

86. In one or more complete sentences, describe the change in the motion of the block as the angle ofinclination is increased to 30.°.

87. Determine the weight of the block. [Show all calculations, including the equation and substitutionwith units.]

88. On the diagram above, draw an arrow to represent and identify the direction of each of the threeforces (weight, friction, normal force) acting on the block. Begin each arrow at point C and labeleach arrow with the force that it represents.

89. Jillian wishes to pull a 100. N copper box across a steel surface at a constant velocity. (Refer to yourreference table, Approximate Coefficents of Friction.)

a) Calculate the horizontal force she must apply. (Show all work)

b) Originating from the dot in the center of the box above, construct a scaled vector showing Jillian'sforce and the frictional force. the forces must be drawn to a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 10. N. Be sureto label with numbers and units your vectors.c) If Jillian wished to make the box accelerate at 1.0 m/s2, what force must she apply? (Show allwork)

90. A box of mass m is held motionless on a frictionless inclined plane by a ropethat is parallel to the surface of the plane. On the diagram above, draw and label all of the forcevectors acting on the box.

Base your answers to questions 91 through 94 on the data table below, which describes the motion ofan object moving in a straight line.

91. Based on your line of best-fit, what is the acceleration of the object?

92. On the same grid, sketch a line representing an object decelerating uniformly in a straight line.

93. Draw the line of best-fit.

94. Plot the data points.

95. The diagram below shows a 5.0-kilogram blockaccelerating at 6.0 meters per second2 along a roughhorizontal surface by the application of a horizontalforce, F, of 50. Newtons.

What is the magnitude in Newtons of the force offriction, Ff , acting on the block?

Base your answers to questions 96 through 99 on the information and diagram below, which is drawnto a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 30. meters.

A student on building X is located 240. meters from the launch site B of a rocket on building Y. Therocket reaches its maximum altitude at point A. The student's eyes are level with the launch site onbuilding Y.

96. Determine how much time is required for the rocket to fall freely from point A back to ground level.

97. What is the total distance the rocket must fall from its maximum altitude to reach the ground?

98. Determine the height, h, of the rocket above the student's eye level.

99. Using the scale diagram and a protractor, measure the angle of elevation, (theta), of the rocket andrecord it to the nearest degree.

Base your answers to questions 100 through 102 on the information and data table below.

A car is traveling due north at 24.0 meters per second when the driver sees an obstruction on thehighway. The data table below shows the velocity of the car at 1.0-second intervals as it is brought torest on the straight, level highway.

100. Using your graph, determine the acceleration of the car.[Show all calculations, including the equation and substitution with units.]

101. Draw the best-fit line.

102. Using the information in the data table, construct a graph on the grid using the data points forvelocity versus time.

Base your answers to questions 103 through 107 on the information and vector diagram below.

103. Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the object. [Show all calculations, including theequation and substitution with units.]

104. What is the measure of the angle (in degrees) between east and the resultant force?

105. What is the magnitude of the resultant force?

106. On the vector diagram above, use a ruler and protractor to construct the vector that represents theresultant force.

107. Using a ruler, determine the scale used in the vector diagram above by finding the number ofNewtons represented by each centimeter.

Base your answers to questions 108 and 109 on the above picture and the information below.

A 5.0-kilogram block weighing 49 Newtons sits on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Ahorizontal force of 20. Newtons toward the right is applied to the block. [Neglect airresistance.]

108. Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the block. [Show all calculations, including theequation and substitution with units.]

109. On the diagram above draw a vector to represent each of the three forces acting on the block. Use aruler and a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 10. Newtons. Begin each vector at point C and label itsmagnitude in Newtons.

Base your answers to questions 110 through 113 on the information below and on your knowledge ofphysics.

The diagram below represents a 4.0-newton force applied to a 0.200-kilogram copper blocksliding to the right on a horizontal steel table.

110. Describe what happens to the magnitude of the velocity of the block as the block slides acrossthe table.

111. Determine the magnitude of the net force acting on the moving block.

112. Calculate the magnitude of the force of friction acting on the moving block. [Show all work,including the equation and substitution with units.]

113. Determine the weight of the block.

Base your answers to questions 114 and 115 on the information below and on your knowledge ofphysics.

A football is thrown at an angle of 30.° above the horizontal. The magnitude of the horizontalcomponent of the ball's initial velocity is 13.0 meters per second. The magnitude of the verticalcomponent of the ball's initial velocity is 7.5 meters per second. [Neglect friction.]

114. The football is caught at the same height from which it is thrown. Calculate the total time thefootball was in the air. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

115. On the axes above, draw a graph representing the relationship between the horizontal displacementof the football and the time the football is in the air.

Answer KeyFree Response Exam Review

1.

2. 130 N3.

4. Equation andsubstitution withunits.

5. Acceleration or rateof change of velocity(speed).

6. Difference between15 N and thestudent's response tothe previousquestion.

7. Equation andsubstitution withunits.

8. = 0.41 or 0.409. Fg = 49 N10. 20. N11. — displacement —

distance — how farthe car traveled

12. 2.5 m/s2

13. 15 m./s14. 7.4 kg•m/s or 7.3

kg•m/s15. d = 30. m16. 1.25 m/s2 0.05

m/s2

17. c = 3.6 m/s or hypotenuse = 3.6m/s or R = 3.6 m/s

18.

19. t = 25 s20. Fg = 1.99 × 1020 N21. t = 2.0 s22. 65° � 2°23. 1.7 m/s24.

25. 1.0 cm = 0.20 m/s 0.04 m/s.

26. Ff = 40 N27. Ff = µFN ; Ff =

(0.05)(850 N);28. 850 N29.

30.

31. 2.0 ×102 N or 196 N32.

33.

34. a magnitude of120m in a directionof east

35.

36. 13 m37. 16 m/s38. 10 m 0.4 m39.

40. 1.0 cm = 2.0 m 0.2 m

41. 50 m42.

43.

44. 7500 N45. 1.5 m/s46.

47. 2.0 kg48. 2.0 N49.

50.

51. 52 N52. Ax= A cos

Fx= (60 N)cos 30°

Fx= 52 N53.

54.

55.

56. 5.4 cm ± 0.2 cm.

57. 7.4 N ± 0.4 N58.


59. 2.0 N60. d = vit + ½at 2

d = 0 + ½(1.0 m/s2)(10. s)2

d = 50. m

or

d

= area = ½bhd = ½(10. s)( 10. m/s)d = 50. m

61.

62. 10 m/s63. Ff = FN

Ff = (.15)(10.kg)(9.81 m/s2)Ff = 15 N or 14.7 N

64. Responses include,but are not limitedto:A scalar quantity hasmagnitude only. Avector quantity hasboth magnitude anddirection.; A vectorquantity hasdirection.; A scalarquantity has nodirection.

65.

66. Examples: – Airfriction acts on thefeather – The featheris not in free fall

67.

68.

69.

70. 19 m/s.71.

72. a = 0.75 m/s2

73. 3.0 N74. 9.0 N ±0.6 N.75. d = vit + at 2

76. Examples: setting upa measured distance.— measuring thetime to travel thatdistance.

77. (essay)78.

79. 12.00 km or 12. kmor 12 km

80. 8.60 km or 8.6 km

81.

82.

83. 58 m84.

10 cm long A - B85. (essay)86. example: The block

would accelerate orThe speed of theblock would not beconstant.

87. w = mgw = (10.0 kg)(9.81m/s2)

88.

89. a) 36 N; b) drawing;c) 46 N

90.

91. Credit for indicatingthat the accelerationof the object is 1.2m/s2 or an answerthat is consistentwith the student'sgraph

92. Credit for drawing adecelerating straightline.

93.

94. Credit for plottingdata correctly

95. Credit for 20. N or20 N

96. t = at2;t = 7 s97. 240 m98. 140 m 2099. 30° 2°100. 5.0 m/s2 south101. The best fit line must

be straight.102. Graph103. a = 4.5 m/s or a =

4.5 N/kg104. 27º105. 45 N106. diagram107. 5.0 N or 5 Newtons108. a = 4.0 m/s2 or a =

4 N/kg109. drawing110. — The magnitude of

the velocityincreases. — Theblock speeds up


111. 3.3 N112.113. 1.96 N or 2.0 N or

1.9 N114.

115.


77. freefall — object, meterstick, stopwatch — time of fall, distance of fall— drop object from measuredheight, time its fall — d = vit + at2

pendulum — string, mass, stopwatch, meterstick — length of pendulum, period — measure length ofpendulum, period of pendulum— T = 2 ( )

spring scale — spring scale, known mass — weight on Moon of known mass — hang the weight on thespring scale and weigh it — Fg(M) = mgM

85. The response must include:• Measurements needed: normal force (weight or mass) of block, friction force• Equipment needed: spring scale (and balance if mass of block is used) or computer force sensor• Procedure: The procedure must include a means of finding the normal force and the force of friction,and a means of using them to determine the coefficient of friction, e.g., using the equation or finding theslope of a graph.• Equation: Ff = µFN (and Fg = mg if mass is found first)

Free Response- Name Exam Review · A 150-newton force, applied to a wooden crate at an angle of...

Documents

Transcript of Free Response- Name Exam Review · A 150-newton force, applied to a wooden crate at an angle of...