Frankfurt, June 2011

04/21/23

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011

The Rationale behind Smart Grid The Rationale behind Smart Grid Implementation and Current Pilot ProjectsImplementation and Current Pilot Projects RT 6b – Organisation of Grid OperationRT 6b – Organisation of Grid Operation

Dr.-Ing. Peter Birkner

Managing Director of RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice GmbH (DL)Visiting Professor, TUKE Department of Electrical Power Engineering (SK)Chairman of Networks Council, Eurelectric (BE)

Frankfurt, June 2011

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Study of electrical power engineering and doctoral thesis at Technical University of

Munich (Dipl.-Ing., Dr.-Ing.)

Positions within RWE Group

Lechwerke AG, Augsburg (1987 – 2004; Vice President of Grid Division)

Wendelsteinbahn GmbH, Brannenburg (2004 – 2008; Managing Director)

Vychodoslovenska energetika a.s., Košice (2005 – 8/2008; Member of the Board and Executive Director)

RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice GmbH, Siegen (since 9/2008; Managing Director)

Mainova AG, Frankfurt (from 7/2011; Member of the Board and Executive Director)

Chairman Networks Council of Eurelectric, Brussels (since 6/2008)

Visiting Professor at Technical University of Košice (since 6/2005) and Lecturer at the

Universities of Bonn (since 1/2009) and Wuppertal (since 6/2010)

Curiculum Vitae of Peter Birkner

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RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice

Grids

RWE Deutschland

AG

RWE Group and the German Division

Distribution Grids within RWE Deutschland AG:

1. Ownership and Concession Contracts,

2. Asset and Regulatory Management

3. Grid Services

Siegen

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RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice GmbH – World of Grids

Region, People, Values and Technology

Scope of the Business Planning, construction, operation, main-

tenance and repairs of- All voltage levels of electricity- All pressure levels of natural gas- Water distribution systems- District heating systems- Street lighting systems

Logistics and management services

Scale of the Business 800 million € total annual turnover 2 500 employees Operation of about 100 000 km electrical network,

gas, water and heat pipelines Providing services for a core area of 30 000 km² Providing services for municipalities, the industry,

power generators and network companies (200 million € turnover) in Germany, Austria, Switzer-land, Luxemburg and The Netherlands (so far)

Regional-zentrum

Ruhr

Essen

Regional-zentrum

Niederrhein

Wesel

Regional-zentrumNeuss

Neuss

Regional-zentrum

SiegSiegenRegional-

zentrumWestlichesRheinland

Düren

RegionalzentrumRauschermühle

Regional-zentrum

Trier

Regional-zentrum

Rhein-Nahe-Hunsrück

Saffig

Idar-ObersteinTrier

BE

NL

LUX

Core area

Extended

area

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Agenda

1. Renewables as the driving force for changes

2. The role of new electricity applications

3. The impact on electrical grids

4. The specific role of smart meters

5. Generic technical structure of a smart grid

6. Current pilot projects

7. Market roles and interplay

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The impacts are:

Substantial increase of green electricity generation (35 % of total electrical energy )

Dramatic increase of installed renewable power (100 % compare to conventional power)

New efficient and high power electric applications (heat pumps, air condition and “wireless” applications like electrical vehicles)

Storage and demand side management in order to compensate a highly volatile generation

Additional lines for transport and power balancing

Better monitoring of load flow in distribution grids and flexible response

Energy world 2020: green, efficient, electric, volatile, power driven, based on lines

1

20 % more renewable energies, 20 % less CO2 emissions and 20 % efficiency increase

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Data Source: ISET

0

4.000

8.000

12.000

16.000

20.000

24.000

Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez

2008

Win

d P

ow

er

[MW

]

2008

I. Intermitting generation, highly variable power and partially a sur-plus of generated power

II. Significant power gradients

III. Long-term periods of low generation to be bridged

Gesamte installierte Wind Leistung: 24.817 MW (01.12.2009)

Today‘s available hydro pump storage volume in Germany

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

02.02. 03.02. 04.02. 05.02. 06.02. 07.02.2009

Win

d P

ow

er [

MW

]

Wind generation and balance of the system

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Energy content of:

1 m³ natural gas (0.7 … 0.8 kg) 32 … 38 MJ(32 … 38 MJ/m³)

Lifting up 1 m³ of water by 4 000 m 40 MJ(9.81 m/s²)

Increasing temperature of 1 m³ of water by 10 K 42 MJ (4.2 kJ/kg K)

100 kg of Li-Ion batteries 36 MJ(100 Wh/kg)

The integration of renewables into energy systems will lead to “smarter” electrical grids (better monitored and more flexible) which are closely

linked to heat and gas systems

1

Storage of electrical energy

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National generation of electrical energy 640.00 TWh

Thereof 35 % renewables *) 224.00 TWh

National capacity of hydro pump storages 0.04 TWh(frequent charging and discharging with 7 000 MW possible)

45 Million electrical cars with a 20 kWh battery each 0.90 TWh(frequent charging and discharging with high power possible)

20 Billion m³ national storage capacity for natural gas 194.00 TWh(35 MJ/m³ – national annual consumption: 90 billion m³)

Natural gas is a kind of natural storage option for electricityGas and renewables are supplementary

*) National energy strategy assumes reduction of overall electricity consumptionwhich means a lower energy generation based on renewables

1

Storage options for electrical energy in Germany

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1

Mid-term (days, weeks, months)

x 100 MW

High voltage

Hydro storages

Pressurized air storages

Gas fired power plants combined with gas storages

Buffering time periods without wind or cloudy and rainy days

Short-term (minutes, hours)

x 1 MW

Medium and low voltage

Thermal inertia of buildings (CHP, heat pump, cooling)

Biogas fired generation

Batteries (immobile, mobile)

Domestic consumption (DSM)

Buffering clouds or night time

All storage types can contribute to the balance of the system

Storage options are showing different characteristics

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Available generation capacity in Germany 90 000 MW (100 %)

Annual energy generation in Germany 640 TWh (100 %)

Phasing in of electrical vehicles

Charging 1 000 000 electrical cars at the same time

Slow domestic charging (10 h; 1 x 16 A; 230 V) 3 700 MW (4,1 %)

Fast charging (1 h; 3 x 63 A; 230 V) 40 000 MW (44,4 %)

Annual electricity consumption

(13 400 km/yr and 15 kWh / 100 km) 2 TWh (0,3 %)

Increasing number of heat pumps and air condition systems

Today's (2010) solar panels in Germany

Power 12 000 MW (13,3 %)

Energy 12 TWh (1,9 %)

2

A new volatile, high power challenge is occurring

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Settlements

Rural areas(farms)

Unsupplied areas(lakes, forests)

Load density:

Generation density:

Wind

Solar

Hydro

Biomass

Rural region Eifel in the west of Germany

Also distribution is part of the transportation challenge

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Increased loads and generators will be dispersed inhomogeneous in the grid

HV MV

G

LV

Today‘s load

G G G

G

Increased loads

3

New challenges for existing grids are occurring …

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It is no longer possible to supervise a whole line based on one “observation point”

HV MV

G

LV

I

d

Risk of overload

SupervisionFurther load supervision necessary

GI

d

Supervision

G

Supervision

“Strong” grid

Voltage control

“Smart” grid

3

Autonomous Agent

… and they are requesting a better state estimation …

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Adjustment of sectionalizing and voltage allow higher energy transport

HV MV

Risk of overload

GGRisk of

overload

Automated adjustment of sections eliminates risk of

overload

1

2

Voltage control

3

Autonomous Agent

… but also new active options in order to adjust in the grid …

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Balancing volatile generation and volatile load (DSM)

HV MV

“Online” metering and

response

Control

3

… and to contribute to the power balance

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“Smart” Meters

Autonomous Agent Market Platform

Grid and technology

congestion management and power / frequency control only location of the customer requested high data sample rate necessary local and automated use of data options to react automated on congestions (demand side management or load flow control) in a transparent, objective and non- discriminatory manner

Market and power balance

power balance through market mechanisms identification of customer requested low data sample rate sufficient centralized and individual use of data options to react on surplus or lack of power in the system (demand side management) through an automated communication with the customer

Smart meters will have two functionalities

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Grid tariffs set by the DSO (predictable, time dependent)

Global electricity tariffs set by traders (intra day)

f

P

1 min

t

Price

15 min

t

Price

60 min

t

P

15 minNo oscillations of system!

t

Reaction

1 min

15 min

120 min

1 s

Frequency / power control in substations

Overload control on a regional level (LV, MV)

Reaction time and data collection frequency

3

2

1

3

5

Control levels of smart grids (MV and LV)

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Mülheim:

Large scale smart metering, demand side management, smart home applications,

energy efficiency, flexible tariffs

Wiebelsheim – Laudert – Kisselbach

Smart metering, LV grid monitoring, glass fibre technology

Bittburg – Prüm

Voltage control, MV grid monitoring, integration of renewables, energy storage

Charging infrastructure for electrical vehicles

6

Field tests done by RWE

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The future will be more green, however, it also will be more electric

Introducing renewables requests more electrical lines (and permissions)

More electricity applications support efficiency as well as the business case for smart metering (cost for infrastructure are independent from consumption)

Basically, all components needed are available. There is space for optimization

Missing standards and unclear expenditure / benefit situationare not supporting investments

Investments require the chance to earn the capital costs (WACC)

There will be substantial changes for customers. Thus, we have to integrate people into our ideas in order to get their support

We should not forget about a world wide and concerted action as Europe and Germany has to stay competitive

Summary

7

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Coupling of heat, gas and electricity in a smart way

7

x

~~

x

~

Natural gas high pressure LNG, Pipeline

HV

MV

LV

Fe

rnw

ärm

e

Do

me

stic h

ea

ting

Gas storage

Adiabatic pressurized air storage Renewables

Gas firedpower plant

RenewablesNatural gas low pressure

Solar panels, Electrical vehicles, Battery storages, Heat pumps, Smart homes

Gas μCHP

Sabatier process

Electrolyticreaction

CO2 + 4 H2 →

CH4 + 2 H2O

Tramway

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Thanks a lot for your interest!Thanks a lot for your interest!

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Due to the increase of installed generation capacity and new tasks for the grid the whole power system will be more expensive

Smart grids and demand side management can “reduce” this increase

Investment efforts and benefits of smart grids have to be shared between stakeholders

This has to be taken into account when it comes to a regulatory solution

Investments Benefits

DSO

DSO

Supplier

Customer

Market roles and interplay

A

Society

Example: the DSO is obliged to invest

Frankfurt, June 2011

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Transcript of Frankfurt, June 2011