Framing Effect

Drawing different conclusions from the same information, depending on how that information is presented.

Is this vertex inside or outside?

These images represent shadows.

Is this vertex inside or outside?

The object is suspended from the ceiling.

Is this vertex inside or outside?

Length = Depth = Height
What is this object?

Length = Depth = Height
What is this object?

Length = Depth = Height
What is this object?

Is this possible?

Is this possible?

Is this possible?

Is this possible?

In solving problems, we often start at the beginning and work our way to a solution.

Stephen Covey however said to begin with the end in mind.

Bob Dick warns that whilst change occurs in the future, we continue to exist in the present. Because of this, the future we plan for will be different to what happens. As a result most change programs fail.

Edward de Bono created the backward design principle1. Identify desired results.2. Determine acceptable evidence.3. Plan learning experiences and instructions

Some rules do not have to be obeyed but it is useful to keep them in mind. The purpose of a rule may be to remind us of what lies behind that rule.