Fracture humerus shaft in adults
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FRACTURE HUMERUS SHAFT IN ADULTS
TEAM D AUDITORTHOPAEDIC DEPARTMENT
KHOULA HOSPITAL
By Supervised byDr. AHMED AZMY Dr. GHASSAN AL YASSARI
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SPECIAL THANKS
Dr. Ahmed Al-Gazzar
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3-5 % of all fractures
Bimodal distribution
Males in 3rd decade
Females in 7th decade
Overview
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Coaptation splint followed by functional brace
Klenerman found that:-• indicated in vast majority of humeral shaft fractures• criteria for acceptable alignment includes
- anterior angulation < 20 * - varus/valgus angulation <30* - shortening < 3cm
• 90% union rate • increased risk of non union with proximal third oblique or spiral fractures • varus angulation is common but rarely has functional or cosmetic sequelae
Management
**Klenerman L: Fractures of the shaft of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1966; 48(1):105-111.
I. Conservative:-
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In the largest clinical analysis to date, Sarmiento et al
reported on 922 patients treated with a functional brace for both closed and open humeral shaft fractures:-
98% of all closed injuries and 94% of all open fractures healed.
Malunion, described as angular deformity greater than 16 degree in any plane, 13% and 19%.
Only 2% of patients reported loss of shoulder motion
**Sarmiento A, Zagorski J, Zych G, Latta L, Capps C. Functional bracing for the treatment of fractures of the humeral diaphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000;82:478-86.
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**Sarmiento A, Zagorski J, Zych G, Latta L, Capps C. Functional bracing for the treatment of fractures of the humeral diaphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000;82:478-86.
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ABSOLUTE INDICATIONS :-
1. open fracture 2. vascular injury requiring repair3. brachial plexus injury 4. ipsilateral forearm fracture (floating elbow) 5. compartment syndrome
RELATIVE INDICATIONS:-
1. Bilateral humerus fracture2. Polytrauma or ASSOCIATED lower extremity fracture 3. Pathological fractures4. Burns or soft tissue injury 5. Long oblique or spiral proximal fracture6. Intraarticular extension
II. Operative: A. ORIF
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RELATIVE INDICATIONS:-
1. pathologic fractures2. segmental fractures3. severe osteoporotic bone4. overlying skin compromise limits open approach 5. polytrauma
B. Intramedullary nailing (IMN)
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AUDIT
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PLAN
Define the objective
plan data collection
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Outcome of the fracture
Risk factors of associated injuries with ORIF , specially the iatrogenic radial nerve injury.
PLAN
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DO Carry out th
e plan
Collect the data
Begin analysis o
f the data
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Materials and methods
We have analysed 57 consecutive fractures of the humeral shaft treated over two-years period from July 2012 to July 2014
The fractures were defined by their type “ closed versus open and by AO morphology
The data of the study is collected from khoula hospital electronic system
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Study
Complete the analysis of
dataCompare data
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We have reviewed 57 patients with fracture humerus shaft
-43
-14
55 cases with primary ORIF and 2 cases with revision fixation
Male : Female is 3:1
Age ranges from 16 – 72 years
Average age 33.2
Analysis of the data
STU
DY
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OLD
MID
DLE
Youn
g
16 – 40 yrs
42 cases
41-60 yrs12 cases
61- 723 CASES
Age groups of the patients
STU
DY
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Interval between the incidence of injury and surgery in primary cases ranged from 0 day to 20 weeks.
The 2 revision cases one done after 21 weeks due to re-fracture and the other done after 3 years due to non union.
STU
DY
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Types of Fractures
Closed fractures • 54 cases
Open fractures• 3 Cases
STU
DY
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A1 --- 6 cases A2 --- 6 cases A3 --- 19 cases
B1 --- 8 cases B2 --- 7 cases B3 --- 3 cases
C1 type --- 8 cases
Classification of fractures (AO)
STU
DY
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Associated Injuries
Radial nerve injury
8 cases
Brachial artery injury
2 cases
Multiple nerve injury
1 case
STU
DY
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6 cases4 primary fractures2 revision fractures
51 cases
ORIFby
plating
ORIFby
plating + bone graft
Operative Technique
STU
DY
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Posterior 31 cases Anterolateral 20
cases Anterior 2 cases
Lateral 2 cases
Medial 1 case Anteromedial
1 case
Approaches for surgery
STU
DY
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Medical officer 1 case
Resident 1 case
Sr.consultant2 cases
specialist25 cases
Sr.specialist28 cases
Level of Surgeon
STU
DY
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Supervision of surgery
supervised by Sr. consultant • 2 cases
Supervised by Sr. Specialist• 15 cases
STU
DY
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Supervision of surgery
STU
DY
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Complications of the fracture
9 cases with radial nerve injury 19 %
8 cases initial isolated Radial nerve injury
1 case with multiple upper limb nerve injury
STU
DY
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Complications of surgery (ORIF)
1 case Varus
angulation
1 caseDelayed union
1 case
Deep SSI
2 cases
Non union
2 cases
Iatrogenic radial n.
palsy
1.75 %
1.75 %
1.75 %
3.5%
3.5 %
STU
DY
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Iatrogenic Radial Nerve Palsy
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Iatrogenic Radial Nerve Palsy
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NON UNION
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Deep SSI
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VARUS ANGULATION
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9 cases of initial radial nerve injury:-
5 cases recovered completely 2 cases recovered partially 2 cases didn’t recover
There was no proper documentation of the radial nerve deficit regarding sensory and motor
Major morbidity of the fracture was the radial nerve injury
STU
DY
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2 cases of Iatrogenic radial nerve injury didn’t recover.
Both cases were operated through anterolateral approach
Both cases were operated by specialist and supervised by Sr. Specialist .
One case had shown radial nerve degeneration by EMG study done after 1 year of injury .
The other case was shown to the clinic only up to 4 months after surgery with no recovery.
STU
DY
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Injury to the radial nerve with neuropraxia is the most frequently encountered nerve deficit associated with humeral fractures and is found in up to 18% of all patients.
spontaneous recovery over a period of 4 months occurs in 70% to 92% of patients managed with observation; therefore, its presence is not an indication for open management and nerve exploration.
Shao Y, Harwood P, Grotz M, Limb D, Giannoudis P. Radial nerve palsy associated with fractures of the shaft of the humerus: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005;87:1647-52. doi:10.1302/0301 620X.87B12.16132
STU
DY
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Compare DataKhoula
(57)USA
(213)Singapore
(53)Iatrogenic Radial n.
palsy3.5% 8% 5.7%
Non union 3.5% 9% 3.7%
malunion 1.7% 1% ---
Deep SSI 1.7% 5% 3.7%**Operative versus Nonoperative Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Retrospective Review of
213 Patients from Two Level I Trauma Centers Fri., Southeastern Fracture Consortium; Michael C. Tucker, MD1 (10-Southeastern Fracture Consortium research grant); William T. Obremskey, MD2 (5A-Medtronic, Osteogenix; 7-Synthes); Mark Floyd, BS3 (n); Anthony Denard, BS2 (n); 10/9/09 Upper Extremity, Paper #49, 11:45 am OTA-2009.
**Surgical Results of Open Reduction and Plating of Humeral Shaft Fractures. H T Hee,*MBBS, FRCS (Edin), FRCS (Glas), BY Low,**FAMS, FRCS (Edin), FRCS (Glas), H F See,***FAMS, MBBS, FRCS (Glas). Ann Acad Med Singapore 1998; 27:772-5.
STU
DY
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The surgical approach used in the analysed cases with iatrogenic radial nerve palsy was anterolateral approach That means the injury to the nerve could happened due to over traction during reduction or during putting the hardware.
Surgeries done by specialist level with no supervision had a complication rate of 20 %
Conclusion
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Proper assessment of the neurologic deficit at the time of injury , pre operative and postoperative is of greatest importance.
Plan the proper approach prior to surgery according to type of fracture , plan of fixation , associated injuries , skills of the operating surgeon.
Where is the nerve
Length of observation for radial n. palsy remains a subject of debate.
During the observation period: Brace & aggressive ROM physiotherapy.
Recommendations
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ACTPlan the next
cycle
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Charnley stated, “It is perhaps the easiest of the major long bones to
treat by conservative methods ”.
TAKE HOME MESSAGE
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Thank you