FR A® LBB DRY

WHAT IS FRA LBB?

Fra LBB dry is a patented product consisting of a synergistic combination of mainly monoglycerides of butyric acid and lauric acid (new molecules) with strong antibacterial properties against pathogens like E.coli, Clostridia, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Brachyspira and etc. These monoglycerides are taken up in the bloodstream to protect the animals against negative e!ect of the pathogens.Fra LBB dry also has protected di-triglycerides of butyric acid which bypass the stomach and the butyric acid is released further in intestinal tract, through action of lipase. The butyric acid released acts as a energy source for the epithelial cells of the villi to increase villi length and to improve absorption of nutrients in the intestinal tract to improve animal performance. Fra LBB dry is a good alternative to replace antibiotic growth promoters in feed.Organic acids both short and middle chain fatty acids has been proven to be the best alternative for antibiotic growth promoters in feed.The monoglycerides of fatty acids have much stronger antibacterial properties than the pure acid.

Fra LBB dry consist of: 1. Monoglycerides of Butyric acid (polar) 2. Monoglycerides of Lauric acid (polar) 3. Mono-, di-, and triglyceride of butyric acid (apolar)

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Monobutyrin is a polar molecule because of this it has following properties;1. It has no smell and stable molecule up to temperature of 200 degree Celsius. 2. It can resist all feed processing without loss activity. 3. It is stable at di!erent pH´s (Figure 1). Monobutyrin also is stable in stomach and intestine.

MONOBUTYRIN

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FR A® LBB DRY

Fig. 1 Stability at various pH values

Fig. 2 Di!erence in action, between Organic acid and Monobutyrin in intestinal tract of Poultry.

4. Mode of actions di!ers from organic acids. Organic acids only work in undissociated form in stomach whereas monobutyrin works further in the entire intestinal tract (Figure 2). At low pH organic acid can penetrate into pathogenic bacteria in undissociated form.

Organic acid Monobutyrin

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FR A® LBB DRYMonobutyrin has antibacterial e!ect at all pH levels. The glycerol acts as a Trojan horse (Figure 3) for the butyric acid to enter into the bacteria cell. In the bacteria the butyric acid will be released to kill the bacteria.

Several independent research studies show that the glycerides of butyric acid is very e!ective to kill/reduce pathogenic bacteria in intestine (Figure 4).

MONOLAURIN (NEW MOLECULE)

Monolaurin, is a monoglyceride of lauric acid, naturally occurring in mother’s milk and a derivative from coconut oil.

Monolaurin works by destroying lipid-coated viruses such as in"uenza (e.g. in chicken) and binding to the lipid-protein envelope of the virus, thereby preventing it from attaching and entering host cells, making infection and replication impossible. Monolaurin has an antimicrobial e!ect against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, thus helping to #ght the illness before it occurs (preventative e!ect) (Table 2).

Monolaurin, bene#ts the animal’s skin, eyes, heart and immune system by strengthening the overall immune status. Monolaurin helps to improve the general condition of the skin and the feathers.

5. Monobutyrin has strong antibacterial properties (Table 1)

Table 2: Anti-bacterial e!ect of monolaurin versus lauric acid.

* Micromoles per milliliter J.J. Kabara

Fig. 4. CFU in Caeca of chickens Infected with Salmonella Typhimurium - 107

Table 1: Activity of monobutyrin vs Butyric against Salmonella and Clostridia

mM/ litre pH Salmonella Clostridium Typhimurium (ufc/ml) perfrigens

Positive Control 7 120X105 81X106

Positive Control 4.5 96X105 65X106

Butyric Acid 12,4 7 65X104 50x106

Butyric Acid 12,4 4.5 25X103 8x106

Monobutyrin HydroC410 12,4 7 74X103 32X104

Monobutyrin HydroC410 12,4 4.5 32X102 2X104

Source: Public animal health institute of Forli-Italy, 2009

Compound Streptococcus StreptococcusBeta- Corynebacteria Micrococci Candida S. Aureus S. epidermis Group A Hemolitic non- A

Lauric acid 0.124 0.249 0.124 0.624 2.49 2.49 2.49

1- $Monolaurin 0.045 0.09 0.045 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

+27 times more e!ective

BACTERIAL CELL Monobutiryin-30

Fig. 3. Trojan-Horse method is used.Glycerol as a carrier to transport within the bacterial cell.

DNA

Glycerol

DNAGlycerol uptakefacilitator

DNA

Glycerol

Butirate10mM

Esterase

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FR A® LBB DRYMONO-, DI-, AND TRI-BUTYRIN (BABY C4)

Baby C4, as apolar molecule, contains 30 percent monobutyrin, 50 percent dibutyrin and 20 percent tributyrin. The monobutyrin in the Baby C4 does have an anti-bacterial action in the further in intestinal tract because it is incorporated in the mixture with the di- and tri-glycerides. These glycerides will be split up by lipase and have the following speci#c and unique functions: 1. Butyric acid is an energy source for epithelial cells of the villi, resulting in longer villi and improvement of up take of nutrients in the small intestines. (Figure 6) 2. It stimulates the development of a favourable intestinal "ora (e.g. Lactobacilli). 3. It reduces the colonization and invasiveness of Salmonella in the gut (caeca). 4. It helps to control clostridia (necrotic enteritis) and E. Coli (colibacillosis) in intestine. 5. It enhances the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium since butyrate up-regulates the expression of tight junction proteins (=’glue’ joining the epithelial cells together). 6. it reduces negative e!ects of coccidial infection in the gut.

Shortest villi in control group Longest villi in Treatment group

Figure 6:The e!ect of butyric acid glycerides on the height of intestinal villi in chicken(By prof. Roman Halszka, Czech Republic).

2. Trial with Layer by a veterinarian group in Holland

3. Broiler trial with coccidial challenge at day 21

Results show 25% better weight gain after coccidial challenge by using Butyrate by: S. Leeson, 2005

4. Broiler trial with coccidial challenge - Butyric Acid Glycerides vs. Na-Butyrate coated 1. Butyric acid glycerides versus Bacitracin

Trial at Guelph University

Control Bacitracin Butyric Acid Di!erence C4 vs Glycerides control

0-42 days 0-42 days

Weight-42d g 2651 2808 2667 FCR 1.72 1.67 1.68 -0.04Carcass. g 2097 2146 2185 +88Breast. g 466 466 566 +40

Butyric acid glycerides improve FCR, breast and carcass weights. by: S. Leeson, 2005

TRIALS AND RESULTS

Trial with Layer - Holland

Control FraLBB week 51-52 week 53-56 Di!erence Percentage

Laying percentage 88,9 87,4 -1,5 -1,7Egg weight grams 62,1 62,6 0,5 0,8Feed intake grams 121 116 -5 -4,1Feed conversion 2,20 2,13 -0,07 -3,2

*coccidial challange at day 14 of age by: S. Leeson, 2005

Trial at Guelph University - Canada

Day 20 (14-20 days)/g 14-20 days (post chalange) (post chalange) (post chalange)

None 452 84 25

493 125 0512 136 0

Trial at Guelph University - Canada

Treatment Butyric acid Glyceride Control Di!erenceg

Oocyste challenge 21 day 21 day Weight gain (from 21-27) g/day 316 252 +64

CONCLUSION: acid and lauric acid with the apolar mono-, di- and tri-glycerides of butyric acid in one single product.

DOSAGE:

Broiler Layer (kg/Ton Feed) Starter (kg/Ton Feed Grower (kg/Ton Feed)

2 - 3 1 - 2 0.5 – 1

ALSO, FRA LBB IS:

SILO ADDITIVES Srl is a joint-venture of Wenemco BV and SILO SpAVia San Bartolo a Cintoia, 104/10a 50142 Firenze, Italy P: +31 (0) 162 525629, +39 055 7332895F: +31 (0) 162 521589, +39 055 780676 E: info@wenemco.com, info@silosrl.com W: www.siloadditives.com

FR A® LBB DRY