Foundation of Medicine Module

أساسيات الطب

Phase 1/Semester-1-

2018/2019

Ass. Prof. Dr.Alaa Al- algawy

F.I.C.M.S –Ortho.

M.B.Ch.B.

alalgawy2002@yahoo.com

Lecture -1-

Basic Word Structure

لكلمة الطبيةلالمكونات الأساسية

1-Analyse the medical word to ( roots ,suffixes ,and

.(prefixesتحليل الكلمة الطبية لمكوناتها الأساسية .Define a root , suffix , and prefix-2تعريف تلك المكونات

3-Distinguish between the combining vowel and

.combining form

.التمييز بين حرف العلة الرابط والصيغة الرابطة Write the meaning of the medical-4كتابة معاني الكلمات

words.. 5- Translate (Medical to English )and (English to

.medical ) wordsالترجمة من اللغة الطبية للأنكليزية وبالعكس

Learning Objectives أهداف المحاضرة

Analysis of Medical Word Parts تها الأساسية ا لمكون ية لطب ا كلمة ل ا يل تحل

-Medical words are made up of - three word parts : roots جذر,

suffixes اللاحقة النهائية, and prefixes اللاحقة الأبتدائية.

-Most words have only two parts.

-An example: Perineuritis (per-ih-nyoo-RYE-tis). It means

inflammation around a nerve.

When you break the word : •Peri - (The first part of the word, is the prefix; it is followed by a

hyphen). •Neur (A root; is usually a body part). •- itis (The last part of the word; is the suffix; it is preceded by a hyphen).

How to Define Medical Words كيف تعرف الكلمة الطبية؟

1- Identify the suffix first eg (-itis., -oma., -phasia, -phagia )

, then the prefix eg.( poly., mono) (if there is one),

and then the root.

How to Define Medical Words كيف

تعرف الكلمة الطبية؟

2- Define the meaning of these parts …starting at the

-suffix .

-Then the beginning of the word.(either a prefix or a root).

Root-3

Suffix-1

Prefix-2

How to Define Medical Words كيف

تعرف الكلمة الطبية؟

- If there is another part (in the middle), it will be a nother

root.( oste o arthr itis ) (osteoarthritis)

- Once you have all the meanings, put them together.

Root- 3معنى

Suffix- 1معنى

Prefix- 2معنى

Analysis of Medicl word (exercise)

Identify & write the parts of Perineuritis indicated below:

1- Suffix……………………(means Inflammation) 2-Prefix …………………….( means around) 3-Root ………….. …………( means nerve) 4- Now ,, write the meaning of Perineuritis ………………

جذور الكلمات

Roots

A root is the main part of a medical word. For examples : • aden …means ……gland غدة • arthr….. means ……joint مفصل • col ….. means …….colon قولون • hemat …means ……blood دم • neur ……means ……nerve عصب • oste ……means ……..bone عظم

Combining Vowel حرف العلة الرابط

-combining vowel .. used to connect a root to a suffix (as in the above

example) or to join two roots. يربط بين الجذر واللاحقة النهائية أو بين جذرين

- the word will be .. much easier to pronounce.

Example : the root -hemat was combined with the suffix –logy.

- If the letter “o” is added to the end of the root to make the word

hematology.

- If the suffix starts with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) the combining vowel is not

needed. eg word arthritis ,( arthr + itis )

- combining vowel can also be

used to joint two roots.

Example osteoarthritis (inflammation of bone and joint) (os-tee-oh-ar-THRIGH-tis) oste + /o + arthr + -itis ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ root = bone combining vowel root = joint suffix = inflammation

- For example, in the word ( oste o arthr itis ) the combining

vowel joins the roots oste and arthr.

Exercise

Combining Forms

الرابطة الصيغة

combining form .. name given to a root that is followed by a

combining vowel. (جذر مع حرف علة رابط)

- the root arthr, .. writ- ten in its combining form, is: ( arthr/o)

- The root is separated from the combining vowel by a slash (/).

aden written as ..

Aden/o

Exercise

Suffixes

اللواحق النهائية للكلمات

-A suffix is the last part of a word.

-It can be attached to a root or a prefix.

بعد لاحقة أبتدائية .. أو ..تأتي بعد جذر

-Whenever a suffix stands alone in the text,

a hyphen(-) comes before it.

Suffixes

-When the Suffix Starts with a Vowel, the Combining Vowel Is Dropped.

Example:

arthralgia (joint pain): arthr + -algia

↑ ↑

root = joint suffix = pain

- When the Suffix Starts with a Consonant, the Combining Vowel Is Not

Dropped. Example: colostomy (new opening in the colon)

Colostomy: col + /o -stomy

↑ ↑ ↑

root = colon + combining vowel + suffix = new opening

Prefixes

اللواحق الأبتدائية للكلمات

- prefix is the first part of a medical word.

- May attached to the beginning of the root or

sometimes a suffix.

- تأتي قبل الجذر أو قبل اللاحقة النهائيةقد

- Whenever a prefix stands alone in the text, it is

followed by a hyphen.(-) أينما وجدتها لوحدها تضع بعدها

شارحة

Prefixes

Prefix Joining with a Root, Example:

Prefix Joining with a Suffix, Example:

dysphasia (difficulty speaking) (dis-FAY-zhee-ah)

dys- + -phasia

↑ ↑

prefix = difficulty suffix = speech

أختبار للتعاريف والترجمة

A- Define the following words: عرف أجزاء الكلمات الأتية

1- Arthritis………………….…. 2-Adenoma………………..….. 3-poly adenoma………………

B-Give the meaning of the following word parts:

Medical to English))ترجم من اللغة الطبية للإنكليزية 1-hemat\o……………………..….. 2-arthr\o………………………….….. 3-aden\o……………………….……

Reference : Illustrated Guide to Medical Terminology \second edition - Juanita Davies

C- Write the root of following الى اللغة الطبية الأنكليزيةترجم جذور الكلمات الأتية من اللغة

1-Bone………………………..………. 2-Joint…………………………………. 3-Blood………………………………..

1-Analyse the medical word to ( roots ,suffixes ,and prefixes). 2-Define a root , suffix , and prefix. 3-Distinguish between the combining vowel and

combining form . 4-Write the meaning of the medical words.. 5- Translate (Medical to English )and (English to medical ) words.

Did you achieved the Learning

Objectives?? وأخيرا هل تحققت لديك أهدف المحاضرة؟؟

Any ?

Thank you