Foundation Horses and Breeders - Chilean horse Chilean Horse Vol II-7.pdfFoundation Horses and...

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Chapter II-7

Foundation Horses and Breeders

The following is a list of foundation sires of the Chilean Horse breed and their respective breeders. The genealogical tree was started from the information available in the book Caballos Chilenos: Genealogía de una raza, 1837 a 1997, by Arturo Montory G. This work not only serves in giving vivid examples of the various studies I have referred to on breed characteristics, but it is also a helpful collection of sire lines and families that can easily be consulted and studied. As in all works that compile this magnitude of information, there are some errors in spelling and origins of some lineages that in no way diminish the contribution Mr. Montory has made to clearly exposing the major families in the Chilean Horse breed. As I have come across these oversights, I have corrected them in the recompilation I have made below, without claiming perfection in the review or in the substantial additions I have provided to the contemporary members of the family. The horses on this updated list are stallions in sire lines of merit. At times, little-known horses are included because their lineage reaches a noteworthy horse down the line. In many cases, the outstanding progeny have been geldings or mares that will not appear in this chart, even though knowing these facts justifies the inclusion of their sire. In the more prolific lines, some individuals of average consideration may have been omitted due to the limitations of space, whereas in the lines that are slowly losing representation in the breed, horses of average consideration were included to offer alternatives in a family that has few descendants to speak of. For the reader being exposed to the Chilean Horse for the first time, this chapter may be confronted as an informative light read to familiarize oneself with the most important horses of the breed. Hopefully, in part due to this book, interest will be stirred to have hands-on experience with the Chilean Horse. As the opportunities to experience this breed become more real, no doubt a greater interest in the family lines will flourish. To those that pursue the unique experience of owning a Chilean Horse, this chapter will prove an invaluable tool in evaluating the caliber of the options for purchase. As Chilean Horse breeders emerge, once again this chapter should offer a solid foundation of knowledge obtained through detailed study of its contents. It goes without saying that this list will continually have to be updated in order to make the wisest choices in the future of any breeding programs. Will Other Foundation Lines Accompany Guante I into the Future of the Chilean Horse?

Before going into the details of the eight family lines in the Chilean Horse breed, I think it is important that we come to a general consensus regarding the importance and distribution of these lines. The summary clearly points out that, of the eight lines in the Chilean Horse breed, only the Guante I is thriving with the vigor of numbers and diversity. If this tendency continues, it seems that in the future the Guante I line will be comparable to the Eclipse line of the Thoroughbred breed, to which over 80 percent of registered representatives can be traced. Although outcrosses can still occur within families that have a sufficient number of generations evolving independently, the breed should ideally work to keep genetic material from other sire lines alive. This is a crucial moment to pursue this goal that will assure a broader genetic pool in future years, when the proportion of Guante I blood could dangerously saturate the breed. Although the Angamos I and Gacho lines are well represented in the breed through their maternal influences, it would be very interesting if some paternal lines could be developed. Unfortunately, the Halcón II, Mancha, and Caldeado/Bayo León lines offer very little hope, as paternally, they have died out. The Angamos I sire line will soon dry up if some serious efforts are not made to fortify its presence through remaining individuals. The Chamal line offers some remote opportunities through the descendants of El Huila. As is so often the case, this extraordinary performer did not live up to his expectations at stud. However, records would indicate that he was far from a failure, and concentrating his genes may offer an opportunity

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worth pursuing before the Chamal family is lost all together in Chilean Horse sire lines. Many examples exist of what could be considered a nick between the Chamal and Guante I line, and this should give us more reason to work hard to not permit the disappearance of this lineage. Dangerously, the once-potent Africano line seems to be losing its paternal pizazz as it strongly incorporates itself into the breed on the maternal side through horses such as Morocho. The valuable stud horses still available deserve needed backing. The magnate of the poultry and swine empires, Gustavo Vial, flirted with this potential while risking criticism for not jumping on the bandwagon of more popular bloodlines. His audacity reimbursed him with some of his most important victories before conforming to the Guante I line, which has not nicked particularly well with his broodmare band. Hopefully, he and others can be even more aggressive in the future to do the breed justice in expanding the hereditary resources that still exist. It would be a shame if all the genius of men such as Estanislao Anguita goes by the wayside by not revitalizing these potentially viable sire lines. In my opinion, it seems that the strongest candidate for a viable outcross on the Guante I line would come from the Gacho line. The fact that early on this was considered a good maternal line is indicative of the kinds of shifts that can take place through planned breeding. Relatives of Gacho offer a viable opportunity through the strength that has come in the descendants of Colibrí. Hopefully, this potential could be “kick started” by inter-breeding amongst the three most potent lines that continue with life. Ironically, the Gacho line gained its initial notoriety from a dominance that came from this highly inbred individual. Nowhere is some form of intelligent inbreeding more drastically needed than in these dwindling sire lines that still have contemporary performers of excellence that can be tapped to concentrate desirable genes. The greater predictability of breeding like-to-like should be easier within a family line where phenotypes are more similar. In concentrating the bloodlines of a family, the greater homozygosity should help establish more dominant sires that pass on the selected traits more consistently. Since in the Chilean Rodeo, environment has a proportionally higher role than genetics in the end results, it is critical that progressive breeders with wherewithal and vision concentrate on giving all the opportunities for these lines to revitalize themselves. Unfortunately, for the most part, these less popular and less marketable lines have been in the hands of those who could not afford the horses that are in vogue and as a result the breeding, training and competing practices all have been less than optimal. Once a representative of a non-Guante line horse whose name is associated with a prestigious breeding establishment obtains success in the medialunas, then a snowball effect will cause these dwindling lines to incorporate themselves back into the population, as all the less conscientious breeders will blindly follow the trend. In developing an excellent caliber inbred line for outcross purposes, these revitalized sire lines will benefit from the heterozygosity of receiving the high numbers of Guante I bloodlines on the dam side. This will certainly fortify their appreciation as sire lines, and hopefully the breed can keep alive one or more families outside of those that are now prospering. Incidentally, this was the formula for success of the Guante I line. It is true that some excellent stallions evolved from this line, but many counted on maternal lines that were saturated with the best Angamos I had to offer. You are now familiar with the breed, its breeders, it horsemen and its horsemanship. It is now time for you to become familiar with the extraordinary individuals that gave this superb breed its unique characteristics. In the following pages you will find the names of the horses and breeders that have been responsible for the shaping of the Chilean Horse breed for the last 165 years. These are names that will compare with Wing Commander, Justin Morgan, Hambletonian, Dan Patch, Raffles, Domino, Peter McCue, King P234, Three Bars, Midnight Sun, Adios, General Gates, Secretariat, Man o’ War, Poseido VII, Habanero VIII, Dulce Sueño, Bardrill Glenord, Hy Diamond Boy, Stud Spider, Red Eagle, Sol de Oro, Dash for Cash, Lexington, and so many other all-time greats of other breeds.



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Foundation Lines and their Breeders ANGAMOS I Line, bay c.1876 (Don Pedro de las Cuevas/Parral de Doñihue-breeder) Alfil I (1873) = El Chino (1869)= El Chino Viejo (1862) = El Quebrado (1850) = Caldeado (1835) 475 Cóndor I, che.c. 1902 (Alberto Correa V-breeder) 1553 Haragán bro.dun c 1909 (José Tomás Cerda-breeder) 1555 Chisme, bay.c. 1914 (José Tomás Cerda) 2552 Tacho, blk.c. 1920 (Miguel Velasco) 1556 Amuleto, gra.c. 1915 (José Tomás Cerda-breeder) 3285 Perezoso, dun c. 1924 (Alberto Moller B.-breeder) 4677 Caicavilú, gru.c.1948 (Waldo de la Maza-b) 2885 Huicano, che.c. 1922 (Francisco Echeñique-breeder) 5168 Gabán, che.c. 1932 (Alberto Echeñique-breeder) 14454 Martillero, n/a c. 1945 (Andrés Mendez G.-breeder) 17055 Danilo, pal.c.1948 (Daniel Pardo-b) 5822 Idahuito, che.c. 1934 (Alberto Echeñique D.-breeder) 12212 Baculo, bro.dun c. 1943 (Alberto Echeñique D.-breeder) 21866 Leguleyo, drk.bro.c. 1952 (Alberto Echeñique D.-b) 9085 Platanito, dun c. 1940, (Alberto Echeñique-breeder) 14834 El Gallo, dun c.1946 (Alberto Echeñique-breeder) 3002 Volador, d.c. 1923 (El Durazno-Francisco Antonio Encina-breeder) 4521 Volador II, che.c. 1930 (Francisco A. Encina-breeder) 17163 Mirador, n/a c. 1941 (Hector Varela-breeder) 29567 Ranchero, n/a c. 1956 (Hugo Varela-breeder) 4525 Astil, drk.bro.c. 1930 (Francisco A. Encina-breeder) 7084 Aviador, dun c. 1937 (Santa Julia-Guillermo Barker-breeder) 3422 Brujo, drk.bro. 1926 (El Durazno-Francisco Antonio Encina-breeder) 4730 Boliche, bay c. 1930 (Hrnos. Gomez Perez-breeders) 4761 Cóndor III, dun c. 1931 (Francisco A. Encina-breeder) 7792 Bacalao II, dun c. 1937 (Francisco A. Encina-breeder) 17102 Achaque, n/a c. 1948 (Juan L. Urrutia P.-breeder) 55196 Zarcillo, dun c. 1952 (Luan L. Urrutia P.-breeder) 80335 Budalaque, dun c. 1978 (Jorge Peñaloza-breeder) 80483 Esquinazo, dun c. 1980 (Joel Reyes-breeder) 18362 Tunante, n/a c. 1949 (Ernesto Cuevas-breeder) 22152 As de Oro, n/a c. 1952 (Carlos Herrera-breeder) 29730 Inocente, blk.c. 1956 (Eduardo Olea B.-breeder) 55996 Arauco, dun c. 1972 (H.del Río-breeder) . 117750 Requinto, gra.c. 1992 (Hernan Anguita-b) 163517 Ronaldo, gru.c. 2000 (R.Valdebenito-b) 118841 Abusador, che.c. 1992 (Tulio Hafemann-b) 119126 Arrepentido, dun c. 1992 (Lino Barbieri-b) 73776 Atento, che. c. 1979 (Arcadio Barria Diaz-breeder) 102702 Contulmo, pal.c. 1988 (G.Valdebenito E.-b) 80903 Cuchuflí. che.c. 1980 (Oscar Demmer H.-breeder) 98775 Cuchichero, drk.b.c. 1986 (O. Demmer-b.) 19975 Espinal, dun c. 1950 (Alberto Araya G.-breeder) 8258 Contacto, dun c. 1938 (Humberto Pinochet-breeder) 8528 Apir 2, drk.bro. c. 1942 (Francisco A. Encina-breeder) 7130 Molinero, drk.bro. c. 1936 (Francisco Antonio Encina-breeder) 12792 Tapaboca B, drk.bro.c. 1945 (René Urzua U.-breeder) 18571 Huinca, blk.c. 1949 (René Urzua U.-breeder) 27926 Periodista, drk.b.c. 1956 (Mario Molina G.-breeder) 56247 Mentiroso, drk.b.c. 1972 (Juan Gaete E.-breeder) 68826 Carretero, Drk.bro.c. 1978 (José M. Cossio-b.) 72703 Trago Largo, drk.bro.c. 1978 (B. García-Huidobro-breeder) 127203 Agravio, blk.c. 1993 (B. García-Huidobro-breeder) 19815 Cuspe, bay c. 1951 (Moises Beltran-breeder) 20923 Descariñado, bay c. 1951 (René Urzúa U.-b) 39789 El Tutito. bay c. 1962 (Alberto Araya G.-breeder) 49340 Cosechero, bay c. 1967 (G. Claro & A. Araya-breeders) 15555 Molinete, drk.bro. c. 1946 (Roberto Barros B.-breeder) 14024 Melocotón, bay c. 1945 (Francisco A. Encina-breeder) 36652 Caleuche, bay c. 1960 (Pablo Correa Montt-breeder) 44257 Forastero, drk.bro.c. 1964 (Pablo Correa Montt-breeder)



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409 Alfil II, dun c. 1908 (Miguel Letelier/Hacienda Aculeo-breeder) 1046 Azahar I, dun c. 1913 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 4933 Madrigal, dun c. 1930 (Miguel Letelier-breeders) 6164 Quicio, dun c. 1934 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 12910 No Me Toques, bay c. 1944 (Humberto González-breeder) 25620 Abalorio, drk.bro c. 1955 (Alberto Castillo-breeder) 65010 Alacrán, ¿?c. 1976 (Raúl Enriquez B.-breeder) 69883 Acampao, drk.bro c. 1977 (Leonardo García-breeder) 104910 Ministro, drk.bro.c. (Alvaro Garcia F.-breeder) 32233 Junquillo, ¿?c. 1958 (Humberto Zapata T.-breeder) 42737 Brujo, drk.bro.c. 1963 (Sergio Magdelhorf-b) 45912 Caicavilen, ¿? c., 1965 (Ester Cristi-breeder) 45914 Cordillerano, ¿?c., 1965 (Alberto Araya G.-breeder) 52534 Rayo, bay c 1969 (Agustin Edwards E.-breeder) 92698 Pailahuen, blk.c. 1985 (Carlos Mondaca C.-breeder) 142933 Indiano, blk.c. 1997 (Miguel Lamoliatte E.) 52553 Puma, n/a c. 1969 (Loreto de Soffia Aguirre-breeder) 71774 Esperado, dun c., 1979 (Alejandro Yob G.-breeder) 73873 Estacón, dun c., 1980 (Alejandro Yob G.-breeder) 26885 Quicio II, ¿? c. 1955 (Juan L. Urrutia P.-breeder) 51853 Vampiro, ¿? C. 1969 (Juan L. Urrutia P.-breeder) 130352 Valdiviano, dun c. 1995 (Juan E. Easton H.-breeder) 30449 Juguete, bay c. 1957 (Juan Luis Urrutia-breeder) 41769 Yelcho, ¿?c., 1963 (Edmundo Moller B.) 85086 Yelcho II, dun c., 1982 (Dario Rioseco T.) 83808 Arrayán, dun c. 1981 (Andrés Lamoliatte D.-breeder) 83206 Taconazo, dun c. 1983 (Mauricio F. Rios R.-breeder) 106641.1 Centellazo, dun c. 1990 (Juan E. Easton H.-breeder) 8689 Veguero, dun c. 1939 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 14920 Estuco 2, n/a c. 1946 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 40125 Vastago, n/a c. 1962 (Fernando Araya G.-breeder) 49508 Arrebol, gra.c. 1968 (Fernando Araya G.-breeder) 54513 Hornero, gra.c. 1971 (Alberto Araya G.-breeder) 20967 Junquillo, dun c. 1951 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 22265 Lienzo, drk.b. c. 1952 (Miguel Letelier E.-breeder) 9495 Yuquillo, gra. c. 1940 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 16295 Fullero II, drk.b. c. 1947 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 27898 Potrerillos, b.c. 1955 (Jorge Carmona-breeder) 1248 Caguil I, dun c. 1914 (Hac. Aculeo/Miguel Letelier-breeder) 8013 Caguil II, che.c. 1939 (Castro Varas-breeder) 1513 Cosaco, drk.bro.c. 1915 (Luis Torrealba-breeder) 4035 Contagio, drk.bro. c. 1928 (Las Camelias/Darío Pavez-breeder) 12868 Patagual, drk.bro. c. 1944 (Darío Pavez-breeder) 12873 Pichanguero, dun c. 1944 (Darío Pavez-breeder) 16772 Ambicionero, drk.bro.rab.c. 1947 (Darío Pavez-breeder) 2583 Damasco, dun c. 1918 (Francisco A. Encina-breeder) 3404 Batro, dun c. 1925 (Francisco Antonio Encina-breeder) 5635 Mocosito, gra.c. 1933 (Evaristo Urrutia-breeder) 7729 Rascucho, b.c. 1935 (E. Urrutia and R. Quiroga-b) 20715 Aldeano, bay c. 1951 (Baltazar Puig-breeder) 33426 Jalisco, gra.g. 1958 (Jorge Sepulveda T.-breeder) 24801 Despiporre, gru.c. 1954 (Abelino Mora I.-breeder) 56209 Pencazo, gru.c. 1972 (Harry Farencrock-breeder) 26616 Engreído, n/a c. 1955 (Abelino R. Mora I.-breeder) 57730 Sedicioso, bro.dun c. 1973 (Rafael Melo M.-breeder) 7728 Batrito, dun c. 1935 (E.Urrutia and C. Quiroga-breeders) 9546 Batrero, dun c. 1941 (E. Urrutia-breeder) 22836 Justiciero, dun c. 1953 (Mario Casannello E.-breeder) 40381 Bracero, bay c. 1962 (José M. Canales-breeder) 2416 Curanto, drk.bro.c. 1921 (Hacienda Aculeo-Miguel Letelier-breeder) 5449 Oso, blk.c. 1932 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 8662 Uso, drk.b.c. 1938 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 16204 Roñoso, gru.c.1948 (Agenor González-breeder) 6003 Cinturón, bay c. 1934 (Com. Hac. El Vínculo-breeder) 10620 Apio, bay c. 1942 (César Rozas U.-breeder) 29617 Apiao, dun c. 1957 (Raúl González-breeder) 12721 Coirón 3, drk.b. c 1944 ((Hda. Aculeo-Miguel Letelier)



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23545 Matucho, bro. g. 1953 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 34386 Sabañon, ??c., 1959 (Miguel Letelier E.-breeder) 5980 Altanero, bay c. 1934 (Hnos. Co. Crisostomi-breeder) 14280 Parleto, dun c. 1946 (Juan Ortiz Ríos-breeder) 2672 Albergado, dun c. 1921(Belarmino Lazo-breeder) 7461 Corralito, drk.b. c. 1937 (Fernando Ruiz-Tagle F.-breeder) 411 Alicanto, che.c. 1908 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 864 Clarín I, che.c. 1912 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 2243 Carmín, che.c. 1918 (Ramiro Velasco-breeder) 3666 Rayo, bay.c. 1927 (Ramiro Velasco-breeder) 412 Corzo, gru.c. 1908 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 2918 Mustafá, dun c. 1922 (Víctor y Manuel Moller-breeder) 6310 Ñipas, drk.bro.c. 1930 (Manuel Ferrer-breeder) 2771 Vuelto, drk.bro. 1922 (Alberto Moller-breeder) 7976 Vuelto 2, bro. c. 1938 (Guillermo Follert -breeder) 4600 Chacarero, dun c. 1930 (Carlos Prado Amor-breeder) 6665 Peón, bro. dun c. 1936 (Fernando Moller B.-breeder) 7356 Collico, dun c. 1937 (Rafael de la Sotta-breeder) 34423 Huasamaco, n/a c. 1959 (Marcelino Vasquez A.-breeder) 45537 Rotoso, dun.c. 1965 (Humberto Zúñiga-breeder) 83747 El Taita, drk.bro. c. 1981 (Mario Aranguez B.-breeder) 128713 El Pluma Blanca, bro.c. 1993 (Mario Aranguez B.-b) 149085 Roto Bueno, bro.c. 1997 (Luis M. Guzman E.-b) 82297 Rotoso II drk.bro. c. 1981 (Claudio Carrasco-breeder) 127410 El Orujo, bay c. 1993 (Héctor Pezoa R.-breeder) 131365 Escobajo, bay c. 1994 (Héctor Pezoa R-breeder) 141988 Aletazo, che.c.1996 (Héctor Pezoa R.-breeder) 148795 Flotador, drk.bro. c. 1998 (Héctor Pezoa R.-breeder) 99060 Rebelde, bay c., 1987 (Ramón Angulo L.-breeder) 99120 Rotoso II, dun c. 1987 (Martín Weil K.-breeder) 106317.1 Recoroso, gru.c.1988 (Martín Weil K.-breeder) 106738.1 Remezón, dun c. 1989 (Martín Weil K.-breeder) 162792 Recuerdo, dun c. 2001 (Francisco Parada C.-breeder) 106742.1 Roncador, dun c., 1990 (Nora Rudloff H.-breeder) 113929 Refrán, blk.c. 19?? (Daniel G. Rey Silba-breeder) 113932 Rotociento, gru.c. 19?? (Luis Lopez C.-breeder) 114322 Romeral drk.bro. c. 1993 (Nora Rudloff Hott-breeder) 120406 Respetuoso, bay c., 1991 (Rodrigo y Renato Herrera-b.) 126516 Ignorante, drk.b. c. 1993 (Samuel Parot G.-breeder) 10101 Contador, drk.b c. 1941 (Alberto Moller B.-breeder) 49127 Virquenco, bl.k.c. 1967 (Fernando Bianchi B.-breeder)

Figure II.188 Angamos I (1876)



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Figure II.189 – II-194 a) Alfil II (1908) b) Azahar I (1913) c) Coiron 3 (1944) d) Chacarero (1930)

e) Roñoso (1948) f) Huicano (1922)



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Figure II. 195 – II.202 g) Alicanto (1908) h) Brujo (1926) i) Oso (1932) j) Molinero (1936) k) Corzo (1908) l) Pencazo (1972)

m) Caguil (1914) n) Tapaboca B (1945)



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Figure II.203 – II.210 o) Agravio (1993) p) Romeral (1993)

q) Valdiviano (1995) r) Recuerdo (2001) s)Corregido (1990) t) Grillo (1995) u) Refran (1991) v) Tranquilo (1978)



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Figure II.211 – II.212 w) Pluma Blanca (1993) x) ¿?



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GUANTE I Line, dun c. 1867 (Hda. Aculeo) – unknown origin but very probably Naranjo (Quilamutano breeding) Guante II, dun c.1880 407 Cristal I, drk.bro. 1903 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 2431 Quebrado, drk.bro.c. 1919 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 3947 Don Fulano, dun c. 1929 (Ricardo Letelier) 11593 Velasquino, drk.b. c. 1943 (Cupertino Cubillos-breeder) 25767 Verdejo, ¿?c. 1954 (Jorge Stolzenbach-breeder) 46322 Vistazo, drk.bro.c. 1965 (Carlos Burgos A.-breeder) 46458 Ventisquero, blk.c. 1965 (Jorge Stolzenbach-breeder) 51994 Vespertino, che.c. 1968 (Jorge Stolzenbach-breeder) 88931 Venenoso, drk.bro.c. 1983 (Soc.Agri.Santa Rita-b) 4981 Comunista, drk.bro. 1931 (Com. Darío Pavez-breeder) 7198 Prestigio, dun c. 1937 (Darío Pavez Gaete- breeder) 23489 Presagio, ¿? c. 1953 (Darío Pavez G.-breeder) 11197 Arrocito, bay c. 1943 (Agenor Gonzalez C.-breeder) 16205 Boreal, dark.bro.c. 1948 (Agenor Gonzalez C.-breeder) 29551 Estropajo, ¿?c. 1956 (Alberto Montt M.-breeder) 16046 Filtro, ¿?c. 1947 (Edmundo Moller B.-breeder) 36443 Taita, ¿?c. 1960 (Edmundo Moller-breeder) 61380 Veguero, drk.bro.c. 1974 (Manuel & Victor Moller-b.) 17529 Rigor, drk.bro.c. 1948 (Estanislao Anguita/Curiche-breeder) 23579 Guardián I, che.c. 1953 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder) 50211 Guardián II, che.c. 1967 (J.Buchmann) 68603 Guardián III, che.c. 1975 (Abelino R.Mora I.-b) 51837 Rastrojo, dun c. 1968 (J.Buchmann) 79112 Tiento, bay c. 1980 (Samuel Parot-breeder) 106269 Canta Gallo, dun c. 1988 (Eduardo Tamayo-b.) 108904 Emeterio, bro.c. 1989 (Samuel Parot G.-breeder) 110726 Contento, bay c. 1990 (Ricardo de la Fuente-b) 126824 Jalisco, bay c., 1994 (Samuel Parot G.-b.) 131865 Latero, bay c., 1995 (Samuel Parot G.-b.) 37039 Taco, drk.bro. 1960 (Baltazar Puig B.-breeder) 51229 Baqueano, blk.c. 1969 (Ñilque-breeder) 51229 Pajonal, pal.c. 1975 (Grosella-breeder) 91915 Chamanto, che.c. 1985 (Juan Zúñiga B.-breeder) 58488 Cambalache, drk.bro.c., 1973 (Ramón Cardemil-breeder) 65277 Chamullo, blk.c. 1976 (Guillermo Cardemil-breeder) 90320 Mañungo, dun c. 1984 (Manuel Jiménez C.-b) 130759 Chamanto, drk.bro.c. 1994 (Rhodas Inv.S.A.-b) 65404 Don Arturo, drk.bro. c. 1976 (Ernesto Pavez P.-breeder) 69068 Tañío, blk.c. 1977 (Guillermo Cardemil-breeder) 75715 Ramoneo, bay c. 1980 (Alberto Schwalm-breeder) 116243 El Concho, bay c. 1991 (José M. Pozo M.-b) 77743 Altivo, che.c. 1980 (Ramón Cardemil M.-breeder) 73206 Retoque, blk.c. 1982 (Ramón Cardemil-breeder) 98326 Capuchino, che.c. 1987 (Samuel Parot G.-breeder) 143967 Misterio, drk.bro.c., 1996 (Samuel Parot-b.) 143970 Misionero, che.c. 1996 (Samuel Parot G.-b.) 144147 Nudo Ciego, dun c. 1997 (S. Parot G.-b.) 145896 Bajativo, bay 1999 (Gonzalo Vial C.-b.) 150364 Bototo, drk.dun c. 1998 (E. Tamayo-b.) 156935 Caldo Negro, blk.c. 2000 (G. Vial C.-b.) 161864 Chilquero, che.c.2001 (G. Vial C.-b) 85793 Cachazo, drk.bro.c. 1982 (Ramón Cardemil-breeder) 102988 Cachito, drk.bro.c. 1988 (Joel Osorio O.-breeder) 87128 Despunte, blk.c. 1982 (Ramón Cardemil-breeder) 144144 Natre, dun .c. 1997 (Samuel Parot G. -b) 84540 Retaco, bay c. 1981 (José Miguel Goycoolea F.-breeder) 90793 El Toqui, bay c. 1984 (Carlos Cardoen D.-b) 93980 Taconazo, dun c. 1985 (Carlos Cardoen D.-breeder) 54764 Bellaco, che.c.1988 (Ramón Cardemil-breeder) 79248 Campero, che.c. 1980 (Manuel A. Fuentes A.-breeder) 99433 Capacho, bay c. 1988 (Alberto Schwalm-breeder) 106714.1 Campero, bay c., 1989 (Alberto Schwalm-b.) 153414 Campo Lindo, bay c. 1989 (A. Schwalm-breeder) 153414 Rosalindo, bay c.1998, (J.M.Goycoolea F.-b)



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85321 Bandolero, bay c. 1982(Manuel A. Fuentes A.) 110889 Barrilete, bay c. 1991 (Alberto Schwalm-b) 87125 Fichero, che. c. 1982 (Ramón Cardemil M.-breeder) 90463 Amuleto, drk.bro.c. 1983 (Ramón Cardemil M.-breeder) 91600 Satanás, bay c. 1984 (Manuel Fuentes A.-breeder) 103225 Cadejo, bay c. 1987 (Ramón Cardemil M.-breeder) 105538 Filtrado, bay c. 1988 (Ramón Cardemil M.-breeder) 112492 Peregrino, blk.c. 1991 (Luís Iván Muñoz-breeder) 131006 Damascote, bay.c. 1996 (Luis Iván Muñoz-breeder) 157044 Demetres, blk.rab.c.2000 (Luis I. Muñoz-b.) 131315 Incredulo, che.c., 1995 (Gustavo Perez G.-breeder) 142141 Malulo, drk.dun c. 1996 (Italo Zunino M.) 116780 Taconeo, drk.bro. c. 19?? (Benjamín García-Huidobro-breeder) 117335 Talento, che.c. 1991 (Agustin Edwards E.-breeder) 38055 Ensueño, drk.bro.c. 1961 (Rodolfo Bustos -breeder) 49909 Zapateado, blk.c. 1967 (B. García-Huidobro-breeder) 62321 Zorzalero, blk.c. 1975 (Arturo Correa S.-breeder) 89509 Chubasco, n/ac. 1963 (Ocar Boetto A.-breeder) 59996 Pehual, bay c. 1974 (Ramón Salazar V.-breeder) 89509 Chamanto, bay c. 1984 (Manuel Cadiz M.-b) 100830 Plebiscito, bay c. 1988 (Hnos. Rojas-breeder) 90622 Temporal, drk.bro. c.1984 (Juan Carlos Vilches-breeder) 135844 Acampao, gru.c. 1995 (Remo Yaconi M.-breeder) 46846 Riguroso, blk.c. 1966 (Toríbio Larraín-breeder) 76761 Rebelde, bay c. 1979 (Alberto Montt M-breeder) 90989 Río Negro, blk.c. 1984 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 126361 Bandolero, bay c. 1993 (Agustín Edwards E.-b.) 135329 Diluvio, drk.bro. c. 1995 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 136320 Destape, che.c.1995 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 106960 Rebelde, dun.c. 1988 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 53127 Rival, drk.bro.c. 1969 (Jorge Mohr-breeder) 90464 Carbonero, blk.c. 1983 (Ramón Cardemil-breeder) 18680 Huilcoco, drk.b. c. 1949 (Edmundo Moller B.-breeder) 19929 Ñipán, drk.bro. 1950 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder) 38923 Diluvio, drk.bro.c. 1961 (Sergio Hirmas R.-breeder) 43756 Ocurrente, n/a c. 1964 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder) 117803 Rastro, bay c. 1990 (Ramón Alvarez G.-breeder) 46149 Dominó, gra.c. 1965 (Pedro Ruiz-Tagle S.-breeder) 66513 Naipe, blk.c. 1977 (Hipólito Saavedra C.-breeder) 54656 Insolente, drk.bro. c. 1971 (Samuel Parot G.-breeder) 28840 Oropel, n/a c. 1955 (Edmundo Moller B.-breeder) 45409 Quebradito, drk.bro.c- 1965 (Alfredo López L.-breeder) 67341 Pilpilco, dun c. 1977 (Jorge Laserre-breeder) 6209 Comodín, dun c. 1935 (Dario Pavez-breeder) 12329 Tenebroso, ¿? c. 1943 (Luis Martinez S.-breeder) 6638 Guaraní, che. c. 1936 (Darío Pavez-breeder) 26707 Estribo, drk.bro.c. 1955 (Gustavo Donoso C.-breeder) 48309 Estribillo, blk.c. 1967 (Gustavo Donoso-breeder) 59504 Rico Tipo, blk.c. 1973 (Alberto Schwalm B.-breeder) 63029 Rasqueteo, gru.c.1975 (Gustavo Rey A,-breeder) 82826 Perico, dun c. 1981 (Omar Gay V.-breeder) 63245 Aguacero, blk.c. 1976 (Alberto Schwalm B.-breeder) 98967 Aguatero, gru.c. 1987 (Luís Ellwanger W.-b) 70221 Reservado, drk.bro.c. 1977 (Daniel Calvo Puig-breeder) 98422 Lacho Anduve, blk.c. 1987 (Osvaldo Mozo breeder) 120961 Pullazo, bay c., 1992 (Calos BarraL.-breeder) 98131 Curanipe, bay c., 1986 (Fernando Mayol B.-breeder) 104930 El Mejor, roa. c. 1989 (Samuel Parot G.-breeder) 112956 Chacolí, drk.bro. 1990 (Sergio Tamayo O.-breeder) 127765 Reservado II, drl.bro.c. 1993 (Hugo Cardemil-b.) 140542 Temporal, drk.bro.c. 1996 (Javier Gil S.-breeder) 71780 Esperando, dun c. 1979 (Alberto Schwalm B.-breeder) 97907 Canteado, drk.bro. c. 1986 (Italo Zunino M.-breeder) 97910 Pretal, dun c. 1986 (Italo Zunino M.-breeder) 114854 Guindo, dun c. 1990 (Italo Zunino M-breeder) 118365 Maceteado, dun c.1992 (Italo Zunino M.-breeder) 127422 Vituperio, bay c.1993 (Italo Zunino M.-breeder)



380

132959 Guindao, che.c. 1994 (Italo Zunino M.-breeder) 137700 Estruendo, blk.c. 1995 (Italo Zunino M.-breeder) 73778 El Lechón, blk.c. 1979 (Alberto Schwalm B.-breeder) 75593 Estoque, blk.c. 1979 (Alberto Schwalm-breeder) 121433 Brujo, bay c. 1992 (Andres Lamoliatte-breeder) 121435 Pericon, blk.c. 1992 (Andres Lamoliatte-breeder) 126095 Allegado, drk.bro. c. 1993 (Andres Lamoliatte-breeder) 142925 Cordillerano, n/a c. 1996 (Andres Lamoliatte-b.) 75866 Esquinazo, blk.c. 1980 (Puchaura-breeder) 86691 Esquinero, bay c. 1984 (Luis Ellwanger-breeder) 99623 Campo Bueno II, n/a.c 1987 (Jose Manuel Pozo-b) 105535 Fugitivo, drk.bro.c. 1988 (Ramon Cardemil-breeder) 114283 El Cato, drk.bro. c. 1990 (Carlos Pozo G.-breeder) 114992 Deleite, blk.c., 19?? (Ramón Cardemil M.-breeder) 119512 Engañador, bay c., 19?? (Alfonso Navarro U.-b.) 131134 Salvaje, gru. c. 1994 (José Luis Valenzuela-breeder) 75688 Estribillo II, blk.c. 1980 (Francisco Rey C.-breeder) 113708 Esplendor, blk.c. 19?? (Alberto Schwalm-breeder) 95949 Rosauro, drk.bro.c. 1981 (Soc. Agri. Los Fresnos-breeder) 90988 Escorpión, gru.c. 1984 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 120967 Acero, dun.c. 1992 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 121817 Estañero, blk.c. 1992 (Therese Matthews H.-b) 123771 Batuco, che.g. 1993 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 132456 Linchaco, dun c. 1994 (Italo Zunino M.-breeder) 146278 Fantastico, drk.bro. c. 1997 (AgustínEdwards E.-b.) 146284 Filtrao, drk.dun 1997 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 94779 Escabullido, drk.bro. c. 1985 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 94778 Escrupuloso, gru.c. 1985 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 97794 Estandarte, blk.c. 1986 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 118821 Espuelazo, drk.bro.c. 1992 (L. García S.-breeder) 113200 Estiliano, blk.c. 1992 (J. Daettwyler W.-breeder) 132089 Escarabajo, blk.c. 1996 (Leonardo García-breeder) 109088 Espectador, drk.d.c 1989 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 114520 Es Tan Bueno, drk.bro.c., 1990 (Agustín Edwards-breeder) 114541 Escándalo, drk.b.c. 1990 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 135348 Dedal, dun c. 1995 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 102292 Espejo, dun c. 1988 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 122094 Botón, dun c. 1992 (Luis Ellwanger W.-breeder) 122615 Estancado, dun c. 1994 (Luis Ellwanger W.-b) 135375 Platanito, dun c. 1995 (Pedro & Antonio Bartolome-b) 63229 Estrago, bay c. 1975 (Jorge Mohr S.-breeder) 136776 Escobajo, drk.bro. c 1996 (Guillermo Cardemil U.-b) 27969 Gualicho, drk.b.rab. c. 1956 (Ramón Echazarreta-breeder) 53598 Puelche, ¿?c. 1971 (Ernesto Valdes V.-breeder) 65446 Malicioso, dun c. 1976 (Miguel Letelier E.-breeder) 126474 Ahí No Mas, dun c. 1994 (Eleuterio Silva-b) 35516 El Guaina, ¿?c. 1958 (Ramón Echazarreta-breeder) 42372 Tranquilito, ¿? c. 1963 (Ramón Echazarreta-breeder) 54174 Choclo, blk. c 1971 (Enrique Andahur M.-breeder) 94707 Gallero, ¿?c., 1985 (Arturo Correa-breeder) 37249 Tequila, drk.bro. c. 1960 (Hernan Trivelli R.-breeder) 54186 Curanto, drk.bro. c. 1971 (Fernando Barra H.-Breeder) 72518 Pensamiento, drk.bro.c. 1978 (Fernando Barra H.-b.) 104380 Curantiao, ¿? c. 1988 (Agro. Santa Rosa Ltda.-breeder) 56579 Chagual, ¿?c. 1971, (Manuel Solis Gonzalez-breeder) 6721 Picurrio, bro.dun c. 1937 (Manuel Pavez R.-breeder) 22895 Picaporte, blk.c. 1952 (Espinoza y Arana-breeders) 59986 Peleco, drk.bro. c. 1974 (Emilio Lafontaine-breeder) 60136 Troncal, bay c. 1975 (Hernan Anguita-breeder) 62214 Quillacón, b.c. 1975 (Emilio Lafontaine-breeder) 127402 Muñeco, blk.c. 1993 (Ruben Valdebenito–breeder) 65296 Sedal, blk.c. 1976 (Emilio Lafontaine-breeder) 68219 Matorral, drk.bro. c. 1977 (Emilio Lafontaine P.-breeder) 119280 Desordenado, sbr.c. 19?? (Mario Muñoz B.- breeder) 147752 Prestigio, gru.c. 1997 (Mario Muñoz R.-breeder) 68882 Pedregal, n/a c. 1977 (Ruben H. Valdebenito-breeder) 71121 Pisotón, n/a.c. 1978 (Emilio Lafontaine-breeder)



381

71122 Morcacho, blk.c.1978 (Emilio Lafontaine-breeder) 140480 Diguillín, gru.c. 1996 (Juan Durán D.-breeder) 142874 Cristobal, bay c. 1995 (Gilberto Belmar-breeder) 74773 Punteo, blk. c. 1979 (Hernan Anguita G.-breeder) 23112 Rezongón, bay c., 1952 (Pedro Juan Espiniza A.-breeder) 12869 Refuerzo, drk.bro.c. 1944 (Com. Darío Pavez) 34489 Farolito, drk.bro.c. 1959 (Ramón Cardemil M.-breeder) 37093 Indio, drk.bro.c. 1961 (Ramón Cardemil-breeder) 46254 Encachao, blk.c. 1966 (Ramón Cardemil M.-breeder) 57702 Gorgoriko, blk.c. 1972 (Guillermo Hott F.-breeder) 54250 Fundador, drk.bro. 1970 (Guillermo Cardemil-breeder) 113790 Faro, blk.c.1991 (Ricardo Mohr S.-breeder) 2430 Beduino II, blk. c. 1919 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) 2281 Cincel, blk.c. 1920 (Adolfo Luco-breeder) 6304 Gato B, drk.bro. c. 1935 (Hermanos Moller -breeder) 9770 Faustino, n/a c. 1941 (Hermanos Moller-breeder) 23397 Por si acaso, dun c. 1953 (Rodolfo Bustos-breeder) 38056 Estero, n/a c. 1961 (Rodolfo Bustos R.-b) 49198 Arrinconado, gru. c. 1967 (G.Rey-b) 93954 Indio, gru.1984 (L.Barbieri-b) 57668 Pataleo, dun c. 1971 (Eduvino Gaedicke H.-b) 25557 Flecha, bay c. 1955 (Rodolfo Bustos-breeder) 35307 Guachipato, che.c. 1959 (José O. Cortés-breeder) 41586 Franqueo, ¿? c. 1963 (Raúl Enriques B.-breeder) 81848 Prestigio, drk.bro. c. 1980 (Luis Espinoza E.-breeder) 46448 Amanecido, drk.b. .c. 1965 (Carlos Schwalm B.-breeder) 85990 Remehue, dun c. 1983 (Santiago Angulo G.-breeder) 122265 Regalón, bay c. 1992 (Mario Diaz P.-breeder) 122270 Remehue II, dun c. 1993 (Mario Diaz-breeder) 137017 Remesón, dun c. 1997 (Mario Diaz-breeder) 2528 Enchufe, bro.dun c. 1921 (Adolfo Luco-breeder) 4638 Enchufe II, dun c. 1931 (Sexta de Longaví/César Rozas Urzúa-breeder) 6125 Longaviano, bay c. 1934 (Alberto Benavente-breeder) 7947 Quillacón, dun. c 1938 (Alberto Benavente-breeder) 17798 Quillacón II, che.c. 1948 (Santiago Urrutia B.-breeder 43982 Quillacón III, dun c. 1964 (Hnos. Letelier S.-breeder) 34167 Barranco, dun c. 1958 (Santiago Urrutia B.-breeder) 53719 Quillacon IV, ¿c. 19??, (Santiago Urrutia-breeder)) 55108 Gangocho, dun c. 1971 (Santiago Urrutia-breeder) 6250 Pucho, bay c. 1935 (Cesar Rozas U.-breeder) 7239 Convenio, drk.bro.c. 1937 (Sexta de Longavi/César Rozas Urzua -breeder) 27016 Maulero, bay c. 1955 (César Rozas U.-breeder) 42511 Huaso, blk.c. 1963 (César Rozas U. -breeder) 11695 Enchufito, che. c. 1944 (Alberto Araya G.-breeder) 25190 Bonete, bay c. 1954 (Don Agustín Edwards E. -breeder) 44155 Lancero, dun c. 1964 (Ricardo Ibañez L.-breeder) 2909 Vaiven, gra.c. 1922 (Adolfo Luco breeder) 7171 Colhué, blk.c. 1937 (Manuel de la Maza-breeder) 19867 Boca Santa, bay c. 1951 (Armando Araneda-breeder) 36970 Santo, n/a 1961, (Suc. Juan Widmer-breeder) 65937 Pequeño Rey. n/a c. 1976 (Suc. Juan Widmer-breeder) 108081 Guapeton, gra.c. 1989 (Kurt Daiber W.-breeder) Bucetano, drk bro. 1883 (Bruceta Olivares-breeders) Noble, bay c. 18?? (Juana Ross de Edwards-breeder) Tintero, blk.c. 1888 (Agustín Edwards Ross-breeder)

Figure II.213 – II.214 a)Guante I (1867) b) Cristal I (1903)



382

Figure II.215 – II.222 c) Quebrado (1919) d) Enchufe (1921)

e) Estribo (1955) f) Enchufito (1944) g) Guaraní (1936) h) Taco (1960) i) Zapateado (1967) j) Barranco (1958)



383

Figure II. 223 – II.230 k) Caldo Negro (2000) l) El Paleta (1998) m) Recoti (2002) n) Estribero (2002) o)Jeronimo (1994) p) Espuelazo (1992) q) Malulo (1996) r) Nudo Ciego (1997)



384

Figure II.231 – II. 236 s) Acampao (1995) t) Estandarte (1986) u) Canta Gallo (1988) v) Bandolero (1993) w) Demetres (2000) x) Malulo (1996)



385

AFRICANO Line, blk.c. 1898 (Joaquín Rodríguez-breeder) = Zangano (1890) = Disparate I (1885) 415 Bureo, drk.b..c. 1908 (Miguel Letelier-breeder) Acero (1882) = Traidor I (1860) 1611 Difraz, bay c. 1915 (Miguel Letelier E.-breeder) 5803 Ulises, seal bro.c. 1934 (Hacienda Mantul-breeder) 9990 Latosito, ¿? c. 1941 (Osvaldo Vasquez-breeder) 4138 Jarabe, dun c. 1928 (Miguel Letelier E.-breeder) 680 Segador drk.bro. c. 1910 (Arturo Bamphyde-breederr) 922 Caruso, dun c. 1912 (Joaquin Grez y CIA.-breeder) 2948 Carén, dun. c. 1922 (Ortúzar & Chadwick-breeders) 8325 Chacal, dun c. 1939 (César Rozas U.-breeder) 8933 Copahue, ?? c. 1940 (Cesar Rozas U.-breeder) 6032 Catete, drk.bro. c. 1934 (Rogelio Caruz-breeder) 3520 Cuequero, blk. c. 1926 (José M. Hurtado-breeder) 13756 Ligero, blk.c. 1946 (Nicolas Larrain G.-breeder) 15988 Yuyero, ¿? c. 1947 (Hnos. Larrain G.-breeders) 16973 Maucho ¿? c. 1948 (Hnos. Larrain G.- breeders) 24220 Encanto, ¿? c. ¿ (Rodolfo Urbina A.-breeder) 42301 Arriero, ¿? c. ¿? (Ricardo Letelier P.-breeder) 54830 Manantial, ¿?c. 1972 (Ernesto Vales V.-breeder) 941 Alcatraz, gru.ove.c. 1911 (Alberto Correa/Los Torunos) 2671 Burlón, dun.c. 1921 (Manuel de la Maza-breeder) 5854 Chicharrón, pal.c. 1934, (Mario Rodríguez-breeder) 10803 Andrajo, gra.c. 1942 (Guillermo Follert) 16079 Lanco, gra.c. 1947 (Correltue-breeder) 39639 Placer, ¿? c. 1962 (Mamerto Cepeda-breeder) 29406 Roncador, dun. c. 1956 (Victor Piel H.-breeder) 52550 Halcón, drk.b. c. 1969 (Com. Agri. San Isidro-breeder) 58359 Ronquido, dun c. 1973 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 59647 Ronco, drk.b.c. 1973 (Manuel Montecino-breeder) 70034 Huilque, bay c. 1977 (Mario Parada P.-breeder) 82483 Roto Choro bay c. 1980 (Leonardo García S.-breeder) 83044 Rosquero, gru.c. 1982 (Leonardo García-breeder) 121565 Rosquero Pocoa, gru c. 1991 (E.J.Pozo M.-breeder) 130930 Codiciado gru.c. 1992 (Eduardo José Pozo M.-breeder) 139350 Entonao , drk.dun.c. 1995 (Raúl Bejares S.-breeder) 150836 Rosqueador, dun c., 1998 (Pedro Bejares S.-breeder) 32693 Andrajo II, roa. c. 1958 (Edmundo Piel H.-breeder) 48999 Peine, ¿?c. 1966 (Jose Manuel San Martin I.-breeder) 76713 Mi Ranchito, dun c. 1979 (Eliecer San Martin I-breeder) 128329 Tamarugo, gru.c. 1992 (Eliecer San Martin I.-b.) 72067 Remendón, gru.c. 1979 (Jose Manuel San Martin I- breeder) 88536 El Budi, dun.c. 1984 (Paso Cerrado-breeder) 35611 Atrevido, ¿?c., 1959 (Pedro Villaroel L.-breeder) 39455 Topón, drk.bro. c. 1961 (Edmundo Piel H.-breeder)) 61276 Taponazo, drk.bro. c. 1975 (Aquiles Guzman F.-breeder) 88489 Taponazo II, bay c. 1983 (Hnos Guzman N.-breeder) 44406 Brillazón, ?? c. 1964 (Victor Piel H.- breeder) 47991 Ajiaco, gra.c. 1966 (Ernesto Loayza V.-breeder) 62466 Relincho, drk.b.c. 1975 (Ernesto Loyaza V.-breeder) 73501 Ajiaco II, dun c. 1979 (Hernan Gonzalez C.-breeder) 77041 Harapo, roa.c.1980 (Raúl González V.-breeder) 4092 Burrito, che.c. 1929 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder) 11706 Buendire, che.c. 1943 (Edmundo Moller-breeder) 36442 Tonto, che.c. 1960 (Edmundo Moller B.-breeder) 51640 Vino Añejo, ¿? c. 1968 (Manuel and Victor Moller-breeders) 75629 Malicioso, dun c. 1979 (Tito Gaedicke A.-breeder) 4773 Acampao, gru.c. 1931 (Estanislao Anguita/CriaderoCuriche-breeder) 23605 Clarin, roa. c. 1953 (Manuel and Victor Moller-breeders) 31106 Pajal, ?? c. 1957 (Victor & Manuel Moller-breeders) 82356 Navegao, blk.c. 1981 (Manuel P. San Martin-breeder) 5063 Flotador, che.ove.c. 1932 (Estanislao Anguita/Curiche-breeder) 8452 Salteador, che.ove.c. 1939 (Estanislao Anguita) 16208 Estanquero, dun.c. 1948 (Juan N. Uribe -breeder) 41287 El Patito, n/a c. 1963 (Sergio Parada R.-breeder) 50259 Campesino, gru.ove. c. 1967 (Rupert Gaedicke H.-breeder) 101776 Orgulloso, blk.c. 1987 (Claudio Marrea U.-breeder) 43395 Cachupín, dun c.. 1964 (Santiago Urrutia-breeder)



386

59042 Sembrador, dun.c. 1973 (Santiago Urrutia-breeder) 28089 Salteador II, che.c. 1956 (Alfonso Hector Varela-breeder) 30327 Sandunguero, che.c. 1958 (Alfonso Hector Varela-breeder) 38140 Farolero, dun c. 1961 (Baltazar Puig-breeder) 68894 Nispero, dun c. 1977 (Miguel Letelier E.-breeder) 42205 Tabacón, bay c. 1963 (Baltazar Puig-breeder) 44411 Chamanto, dun c. 1964 (Hernán Trivelli R.-breeder) 62087 Onofre, gru.c. 1975 (Samuel Parot G.-breeder) 90394 Esparramo, dun c. 1984 (Gonzalo Vial-breeder) 117908 Níspero, gru.c. 1992 (Gonzalo Vial-breeder) 21054 Reparo, che.c. 1945 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder) 47467 Rosquero, n/a.c. 1966 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder) 92163 Buen Trago, dun c. 1984 (José Santos Chacon A.-breeder) 96199 Talamero, dun. c. 1985(Ramón Alvarez G.-breeder) 102776 Guaranito, dun. c. 1988 (Galo Herrera G.-breeder) 15062 Picunto, gru.c. 1946 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder) 41738 Floreado, ¿? c. 1963 (Luis Finlay F. –breeder) 53163 Pial, gru.c. 1969 (Germán Pasenau-breeder) 84314 Coraje, drk.bro. c. 1982 (Gonzalo Vial-breeder) 85614 Corsario, blk.c. 1982 (Gonzalo Vial-breeder) 32770 Imperio, gru.ove.. 1958 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder) 41518 Enlitrao, ¿? c. 1963 (José Manuel San Martin I.-breeder) 58219 Gustoso, blk.c. 1971 (Elieser San Martin I.-breeder) 6173 Alcatraz II, gru.c. 1935 (Estanislao Anguita/Curiche-breeder) 41614 Mingaco, n/a c. 1961 (Víctor Piel Herbach-breeder) 52928 Tapón, n/a c. 1970 (Gastón Pozo Merino-breeder) 67915 Olvido, bay c. 1976 (Gastón Pozo M.-breeder) 86622 Ollín, dun c. 1984 (Martín Weil K.-breeder) 130222 Ocioso, dun c. 1995 (Nora D. Rudloff H.-breeder) 130383 Meli, dun c. 1996 (Jorge Barrientos C.-breeder) 136861 Opio, dun c. 1996 (Nora D. Rudloff H.-breeder) 136951 Ollinao, dun c. 1997 (Ricardo Fuentes M.-breeder) 156060 Orillao, dun c. 1999 (Ricardo Fuentes M.-breeder) 162610 Tiznao, dap.dun c. 2000 (Alfredo Moreno C.-breeder) 44205 Guapito, roa.c.1965 (Maximiliano Riquelme-breeder) 55336 Perjume (ex Maderero), gra.c. 1972 (Mario Villablanca P.-breeder) 6658 Regador, blk.c. 1936 (Estanislao Anguita/Curiche-breeder) 22213 Batelero, blk.c. 1952 (Hurtado Echeñique-breeder) 43789 Morocho, blk.c. 1964 (Com. Hurtado Echeñique-breeder) 66546 Araucano, blk.c. 1976 (Humberto Gajardo S.-breeder) 25401 Chamico, ¿? c. 1954 (Comunidad Hurtado Echeñique-breeder) 29453 Gran Señor, ¿? c. 1957 (Raul Rey G. –breeder) 42065 Campesino, ¿? c. 1963 (Avelino Peña C.-breeder) 66297 Auquincano, roa.c.1978 (Manuel Jimenez C.-breeder) 98250 Auquincano II, dun c. 1986 (So.Cri.Cachipivil-b.) 35354 Barbecho, ¿? c. 1959 (Enrique Ruiz Tagle S.- breeder) 1314 Cambucho, blk.c. 1912 (Arturo Bamphylde-breeder) 4468 Mirquén, blk c. 1930 (Manuel y Víctor Moller-breeders) 17404 Cervecero, ¿? c. 1948 (Erich Kusch K.-breeder) 17805 Rumbo, dun c. 1948 (Oscar Gaedicke-breeder) 30802 Galponero, drk.bro. c. 1957 (Abelino Mora I.-breeder) 47687 Terciopelo, gra. c. 1964 (Sergio Rivas V.-breeder) 71558 Cara Sucia, bay c. 1978 (Alfonso Angulo-b) 91182 Alma Mala, bro.c., 19?? (Juande la C. Epulef R.-b.) 108389 Putifar, drk.bro.c.1989 (Andres Levy W.-breeder) 18020 Alquitran, blk.c. 1948 (Eduardo Siebert W.-breeder) 34710 Moscatel, ¿? c. 1960 (Ernesto Rojas M.-breeder) 1188 Pitador drk. bro.c. 1914 (Criadero Sierra II-breeder)

Figure II.237 Africano (1898)



387

Figure II.238 – II. 243 a) Alcatraz (1911) b) Segador (1910) c) Chicharron (1934) d) Cuequero (1926) e) Salteador (1939 f) Salteador II (1956)



388

Figure II.244 – II.247 a) Opio (1996) b) Meli (1996) c) Rosquero Pocoa (1991) d)?



389

GACHO Line, gru.c. 1905 (Ambriosio García-Huidobro-breeder) =Petizo (1890) =El Guanaco (1870) = 629 Bayo Grande (1865) =Burro (1860)=Cuevano origins 2481 Retintin, gru.c. 1921 (Tobías Labbé-breeder) 14535 Tabacazo, gru.c. 1946 (Edmundo Ureta Feliú) 33851 Tabaquero, n/a c. 1958 (Soc. Enrique Zaror-breeder) 48212 Habano, dun.c. 1966 (Soc. Enrique Zaror-breeder) 51146 Junquillo, dun c. 1968 (Ocar Muñoz C.-breeder) 58365 Trarilonco, gru.c. 1974 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 2504 Pichón, dun c. 1921 (Tobias Labbe-breeder) 7182 Collar, gru.c.1937 (Eduardo Warnken-breeder)) 3191 Pitable, dun c. 1924 (Tobías Labbé-breeder) 11562 Bandoneon, ¿? c.1943 (Jorge Marambio R.-breeder) 45147 Gentil, ¿? c. 1964 (Onofre Andahur E.-breeder) 56454 Barbeta, ? c. 1972 (Victor Piel H.-breeder) 16579 Fandango, n/a c. 1947 (Jorge Morambio R.-breeder) 20944 Jornalero, dun c. 1951 (Jorge Morambio R.-breeder) 20323 Cardal, dun c. 1934 (Manuel Cerda-breeder) 8754 Equivoco, dun c. 1940 Felipe Correa--breeder) 3570 Guarapo, dun c. 1926 (Tobías Labbé-breeder) 8247 Colibrí , che.c. 1939 (Ramiro Fuenzalida-breeder) 30989 Jalea Real, dun c. 1958 (Ángel Caballero/Colín-breeder) 53418 Luchín, dun c. 1971 (Jaime Roncagliolo-breeder) 78618 Manolo, dun c. 1980 (Jaime Roncagliolo -breeder) 146538 Frescor, bro.c. 1997 (Sergio Hirmas-breeder) 150366 Ronquero, dun c. 1997 (José Perez C.-breeder) 85557 Siempre Alegre, bay c., 1982 (Hugo Valenzuela G.-breeder) 112708 Lucero, bay c. 1990 (Rodrigo Claro M.-breeder) 126417 Diabólico en Domingo, drk.bro. c. 1993 (Agr. Y Gan. Santa Elisa-b) 122869 Lucero, dun c. 1994 (Luis Ellwanger W.-breeder) 75705 Amancay, bay c. 1979 (Oscar Bustamante N.-breeder) 81612 Joyero, drk.bro. c., 1982 (Jorge Cañas O.-breeder) 34627 Nunca en Domingo, che.c. 1959 (Angel Caballero-breeder 48855 Conturbernio en Domingo, drk.bro.c. 1966 (Angel Caballero-breeder) 67875 Tomaito, roa.c. 1976, (Lorenzo Cárcamo-breeder) 85599 Lolero, drk.bro.c. 1983 (Agustín Edwards E.-breeder) 112026 Atardecer en Domingo, che.c. 1989, (Francisco Valenzuela G.-b) 50681 Borracho en Domingo, dun c. 1968 (Guillermo Caballero A.-breeder) 67754 Rico Raco, dun c. 1977 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder) 67770 Quinchero, dun c., 1977 (Samuel Parot G.-breeder) 88065 Dedal de Oro, che.c. 1983 (Luis Ferrada Valenzuela-breeder) 53501 Ratero en Domingo, bay c. 1970 (Ángel Caballero-breeder) 75595 Ramalazo, roa.c. 1979 (Samuel Parot G.-breeder) 77922 Escombro, bay c. 1979 (Fernando Parada R.-breeder) 79105 Tio Chivo, bay c. 1980 (Samuel Parot G.-breeder) 81706 Relámpago, bay c, 1982 (Ramón Angulo L.-breeder) 98507 Pícaro, che.c. 1986 (Carlos A. Cornelius W.-breeder) 122917 Agasajo, dun c. 1994 (Guillermo Hott F.-breeder) 110560 Rocío, blk.c. 1989 (Ramón Angulo L.-breeder) 57463 Director en Domingo, che. c. 1973 (Ángel Caballero-breeder) 74003 Consejero, drk.bro. c. 1979 (Manuel F. Correa-breeder) 62103 Pililo, che.c., 1974 (Mauricio Carcamo D.-breeder) 69213 Fabuloso en Domingo, drk.bro.c. 1977 (A. Caballero/A. Fernandez-breeder) 72605 Qué Más Dá en Domingo, bay c. 1979 (Ángel Caballero-breeder) 90255 Quema Ropa en Domingo, che.c. 1983 (Angel Caballero-breeder) 105513 Qué Más Quiero en Domingo, che.c.1987 (Angel Caballero-b) 132242 Qué Tenís, drk.bro.c. 1994 (Alfredo Moreno C.-breeder) 132902 Que Pinta, che.c. 1994 (Cesar Nuñez V.-breeder) 42077 Siempre en Domingo, bay c. 1963 (Angel Caballero-breeder) 71255 Papayero, che.c. 1978 (Carlos Mondaca C.-breeder) 92837 Lamentado, bay c. 1985 (Alberto Schwalm B.-breeder) 99419 Papatero, drk.bro.c. 1988 (Soc. Agri. Las Perdices-breeder) 113728 Chispasito, che.c. 19?? (Guillermo Mondaca C.-breeder) 120214 Historiao, bay c. 1992 (Criadero Otoñal Ltda.-breeder) 2593 Tundere, gra.c. 1922 (Tobias Labbé-breeder) 10788 Atalaya, gra.c. 1942 (Jorge Marambio-breeder) 30484 Papelillo, dun c. 1957 (Jorge Morambio-breeder)



390

Figure II.248 – II.253 a) Gacho (1905) b) Colibrí (1939)

c) Ratero en Domingo (1970) d)Nunca en Domingo (1959) e) Papayero (1978) f) Fabuloso en Domingo(1977)



391

Figure II.254 – II.261 g) Lucero (1994) h) Anticucho (1997)

i) Agasajo (1994) j) Escombro (1979) k) Ligoso (1990) l)Papayón (1988)

m) Papayero (1978) n) ¿?



392

CHAMAL Line, blk.c. 1922 (Luis Correa-breeder) = Huaco (1890) = 2608 3878 Vermellón, bay c. 1927 (Francisco A. Encina-breeder) 11477 Pipiripao, drk.b. c. 1942 (Memerto Cepeda M.-breeder) 16874 Barquillo, n/a c 1948 (Pedro & Antonio Bartolome-breeders) 21806 Manicero, che. g. 1952 (Pedro & Antonio Bartolome-breeders) 3962 Retruque, gra.c. 1928 (Alberto Correa-breeder) 11360 Avinegrado, bay c. 1942 (Com. Correa Montt-breeder) 22216 Candidato, drk.b. c. 1952 (Com. Hurtado Echeñique-breeder) 6108 Gañancito, drk.bro.c. 1935 (Rogelio Caruz-breeder) 8402 Lircay, drk.bro.c.1936 (Martiniano Concha-breeder) 49083 Allipen, n/a c. 1967 (Miguel Lamoliatte-breeder) 12506 Cantinfla, dun c. 1944 (Alberto Echeñique) 20775 Junco, drk.bro c. 1951 (Alberto Echeñique -breeder) 8505 Aleteo, blk. c. 1939 (Nicolas Larraín-breeder) 24639 Parcelero, blk.c. 1953 (Armando y Ermundo Donaire-breeder) 45624 El Huila, blk.c.1963 (Raúl del Río F.-breeder) 53525 El Tira, drk.bro.c. 1970 (Gustavo Rey A.-breeder) 92168 Pipiolo, gra.c. 1984 (Jorge Laserre Lafontaine-breeder) 54896 El Gitano, blk.c. 1971 (Gustavo Rey A.-breeder) 62631 Gitanito, drk.bro.c. 1975 (Gabriel Vega V.-breeder) 80656 Trehuaco, bay c. 1979 (José Manuel Merchant-breeder) 54057 Hilachento, n/a. c. 1971 (Héctor Rosales A.-breeder) 88016 Gangocho, gra.c.1983 (Enrique Mahuzier-breeder) 113184 El Tordo, blk.c. 1991 (Agr. Gan. Y Forestal Cunco-b) 92381 Ñipas, blk.c. 1984 (Arturo Correa-breeder) 99673 Nachi, blk.c. 1986 (Arturo Correa-breeder) 130346 Chau Chau, blk.c. 1995 (Jorge Barrientos C.-breeder) 99691 Tranco Largo, blk.c. 1986 (Remigio Cortés N.-breeder) 104568 El Concho, bay .c.1988 (Arturo Correa-breeder) 12555Riguroso, gru.c. 1944 (Estanislao Anguita-breeder)

Figure II.262 Chamal (1922)



393

HALCÓN II Line, dun.c.1895 (Miguel Cuevas II-breeder) 1192 = Rabicano, drk.bay 1870 (Miguel Cuevas-breeder) = Halcón I , drk.b. (1850) (Pedro de la Cuevas-b) 986 Retinto, blk.c. 1911 (Hnos. Cuevas.-breeders) 3138 Milagro, dun c. 1924 (Ernesto Cuevas-breeder) 4791 Cacareo, dun c. 1930 (E. Urrutia & Ricardo Quiroga-breeder) 7554 Pullaso, dun c. 1937 (Ricardo Quiroga-breeder) 11160 Atavio, ¿? c. 1942 (Claudio de la Cuadra-breeder) 11168 Abiscochado, ¿?c. 1942 (Julio de la Fuente-breeder) 11643 Borrachón, dun c. 1943 ( de la Fuente-breeder) 17007 Meritorio, ¿? c. 1947 (Julio de la Fuente-breeder) 26237 Relicario, blk. c. 1954 (Soc.Agri. de la Fuente-breeder) 47003 Llavero drk.b. c. 1966 (Americo Porcile E-breeder) 95046 Milagro, drk.b.c. 1985 (G&P Salazar C-b.) 11927 Pespunte, dun c. 1943 (Enrique de la Fuente-breeder) 14872 Rinconadino, ¿? c. 1946 (Ricardo de la Fuente C.-breeder) 9392 Manguito, bay c. 1939 (Las Bateas/Ricardo Quiroga-breeder) 12641 Siempre, ¿?c. 1944 (Puig Baltasar-breder) 12066 Cascarón, dun c. 1943 (Ricardo Quiroga-breeder) 19358 Risco, ¿? c. 1950 (Bernabe Ruiz M.-breeder) 3453 Chutre, blk.c. 1926 (Eernesto Cuevas-breeder) 3366 Mano Negra, drk.bro.c. 1928 (Camilo Labbé-breeder) 4413 Altivo, drk.bro.c. 1929 (Ernesto Cuevas-breeder) 1510 Recuerdo, dun c. 1915 (Guillermo Cuevas-breeder) 3783 Bombito, drk.bro. c. 1928 (Horacio Silva-breeder) CALDEADO Line, dun c. 1835 (Pedro de la Cuevas-breeder) El Quebrado, bay.c. 1850 (Pedro de la Cuevas-breeder) El Chino Viejo, bay.c. 1862 (Joaquin Rodriguez Rozas-breeder) El Chino, bay c. 1869 (Pedro de la Cuevas-breeder) Alfil I, bay c. 1873 (Pedro de la Cuevas-breeder) ANGAMOS I, bay c. 1876 (Pedro de la Cuevas-breeder) Bayo León Line, dun c. 1858 (Pedro de la Cuevas) Coipo, dun c. 1878 (Pacífico Encina-breeder) 452 Azogue, gru.c.1899 (Luis Correa-breeder) 949 Diamelo, dun c, 1912 (Luis Correa-breeder) 952 Charavique, dun c. 1912 (Alberto Sanchez-breeder) 1048 Neptuno, che.c. 1912 (Alberto Correa V.-breeder) 1051 Cisne, dun c. 1913 (Manuel Correa-breeder) 1251 Monitor, dun c. 1913 (Luis Correa-breeder) 1671 Zurdo, dun c. 1915 (Luis Correa-breeder) 3958 Renuevo, roa. c. 1927 (Alberto Correa V.-breeder) 5694 Retoñito, dun c. 1932 (Alberto Correa V.) 6123 Siervo, blk.c. 1935 (Alberto Correa V.) 6309 Popeo,dun c. 1935 (Alberto Correa V.) 7165 Incoloro, dun c. 1936 (Alberto Correa V.) 4256 Chorrillos, dun c. 1928 (Alberto Correa V.-breeder) 5628 Aliño, dun c. 1933 (Hnos. Aguirre Luco) n/reg. Desrodillado, n/a c. 19?? (Ramón Rivas C.-breeder) MANCHA Line , g.c. 1865 (Ambrosio García-Huidobro-breeder) = Cuevano origins 137 Tucapel, dun c. 1887 (Ambrosio García-Huidobro-breeder) ¿? Cacique, dun c. 1902 (José A. Huidobro-breeder) 2684 Golondrina, (also “Contri”), blk.c. 1905 (Juan García-Huidobro-breeder) 3111 Anteojo, drk.bro.c. 1923 (Miguel Velasco-breder) 5490 Timbal, blk. c. 1933 (Criadero Las Pataguas-breeder) 8950 Leoncillo, blk. c. 1938 (n/a-breeder) ? Crino, gra.c. 19?? (Don J. de la C. Huidobro) NOTE: The names of the horse breeding farms of the breeders mentioned in each of the foundation sire lines can be found in the Appendix No. 14



394

The eight basic sire lines that make up the Chilean Horse breed express a relatively narrow genetic base in this breed. Realistically, only five have the potential to be salvaged as sire lines. This may be further aggravated by the fact that the Guante I line is propagating itself in much greater numbers than the rest. The recently deceased stallion Estribillo has a large number of sons that went to stud, due to the dominance that their sire showed. Still, the small size of most Chilean Horse breeding farms, coupled with the fact that few outside seasons are sold to third parties, greatly reduces the possibility of having too much influence in the breed from any one individual. The phenomenon we are seeing is not from the aggressive use of any individual at stud, but rather that the horses selected to stand at stud are in great part coming from one foundation line and one branch within that line specifically. By touching on the foundation sires of each of these lines, we can make some generalizations regarding each one:

Angamos I This outstanding foundation sire was a son of Alfil I (1873), who in turn was by El Chino (1869), a son of El Chino Viejo (1862) by the famous El Quebrado (1850). Angamos I’s dam was China II who was by Chino Viejo (1862) and out of China I, thus making her a full sibling to Angamos I’s paternal grandsire, El Chino (1869). This pedigree shows an interesting 3S X 2D inbreeding both to El Chino Viejo (1862) and China I, as well as a 4S X3D inbreeding to El Quebrado (1850). I refrain from speculating whether China I was possibly related to El Chino Viejo (1862). The similarity in names to his other daughters makes one suspect she might be a daughter as well, in which case the inbreeding would be greater yet. It is interesting that the founder of this family was a strongly inbred individual. The early breeders seemed to pick up on this, as Alberto Correa V. bred Angamos I back to a daughter Lluvia, and obtained the beautiful chestnut Cóndor I that obviously was inbred 1S X 2D to Angamos I and 3S X 4S X 4D X 5D to both El Chino Viejo (1862) and China I. Another infamous breeder (and one of Chile’s best known historians), Francisco Antonio Encina, went a step further and bred Cóndor I to a daughter of Alicanto, another son of Angamos I. This line breeding increased the foundation sire’s blood even more. The end product, Volador, resulted in an inbreeding that was 2S X 3S X 4D to Angamos I. Guillermo Barker, in turn, bred Volador to Serpentina, who was a daughter of Haragán, and thus a granddaughter of Cóndor I. The breeding plan now not only concentrated the blood of Angamos I, but also that of his son Cóndor I. This cross-produced Aviador, who was inbred 2S X 3D to Cóndor I and 3S X 4S X 4S X 4D to Angamos I. Francisco Encina was very pleased with his 1923 foal Volador, and the next year he put the inbreeding to use once again. This time, he used a homebred stallion named Damasco, who himself was an extremely interesting case of inbreeding. His dam Lila was inbred 2S X 2D to the impeccable horse Bayo León that was all but lost to the breed. Francisco Encina’s dream was to recreate the utopian Bayo León, and he hoped that this cross would bring him a step closer. Mr. Encina crossed Damasco with a daughter of Angamos I and produced another famous branch of the family in the horse Batro. This horse was inbred 3S X 2D to Angamos I and 3D X 3D to Bayo León. This smaller dun stallion is considered one of the best rodeo horses of his time, and the influence he has had on the breed has been tremendous. All these horses were dominant sires that solidly stamped this family line. With time, the line breeding in the Angamos I family would be forgotten, although breeders like the visionary Darío Pavez kept it alive to produce the 1928 foal Contagio. This excellent corralero, who

Figure II.263 One of Angamos I most successful sons at stud was Condor I (1902) a product of a 1S x 2D inbreeding



395

showed great promise as a stud before dying prematurely, was inbred 2S X 3D to Alfil II, and thus 3S X 4D to Angamos I. The unforgettable Miguel Letelier also concentrated the Angamos I genes with success in

the 1930’s, when he produced his well-known Quicio. This was considered one of the best all-around horses his farm ever produced. For a farm with the record of Hacienda Aculeo, that is saying a lot! He was not only a great performance horse, but also was full of breed type. Quicio was inbred 4S X 3D to Angamos I. Five years later, Don Miguel would plan an even more intricate breeding that produced Veguero. This National Champion two-year- old halter horse that went on to produce many fine corraleros was inbred 3S X 3D to Alfil II and 4S X 4D X 4D to Angamos I. Junquillo and Lienzo were other

products that resulted from this master breeder’s understanding of inbreeding, as both were 4S X 3D to Alfil II. Perhaps the horse most often seen in modern pedigrees from this foundation line is No Me Toques. It is not surprising that this great 1944 stud was also 4S X 3D to Alfil II. Two of his best sons are Brujo and Abalorio. Wouldn’t you just know it! Brujo was inbred 5S X 4S X 5D to Alfil II, and, if I might stretch inbreeding to six generations, we can see that Angamos I is found in 6S X 5S X 6D X 5D. Abalorio, who tied for the Number 1 ranking stallion in the nation as a rodeo horse, was inbred 6S X 5S X 4D to Angamos I. It would seem that the solid conformation of this line makes it very well suited for inbreeding. Moreover, the inbred pedigrees of so many of the founding horses surely must have done a great deal to sift out undesirable recessive genes. The usefulness of this tool is something that breeders like Francisco Encina, Miguel Letelier and Darío Pavez understood well, and as proponents of this breeding style have died out, so has the dominance of the Angamos I line. Few breeders used inbreeding in this line in the second half of the 20th century, and those that did chose to concentrate bloodlines of old horses that were too far back in the pedigree. Still, it is worth noting that Daniel Pardo B. in 1948 found it useful in producing Danilo, who was a grandson of Huicano (Cóndor I) on the sire side and Corzo on the dam side. As a result, Danilo was a 5S X 4D inbreeding to the old foundation stud, Angamos I. The “new” Criadero Aculeo in the hands of the Araya-Claro partnership also tried their hand at concentrating the blood of Angamos I when they bred Cosechero. Angamos I appeared in the sixth and fifth generations of his sire and dam respectively, but, more importantly, there was a 5S X 4D

Figure II.264 Veguero (1939) combined good looks and cow working instincts.

Figure II.265 The greatest impact No Me Toques (1944) has had on the breed has been through excellent daughters. His maternal line carries the blood of Bayo Leon.



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inbreeding to Brujo. A weak effort to fortify the family, but the product was still a top-notch halter horse that made it to the finals of the National Rodeo Championship. In 1977, a colt was born from a mating planned by the distinctive breeder Leonardo García S. He received the often-used name of Acampao, but he was the product of a sire/daughter mating. By the Number 1-ranked corralero Abalorio and out of his daughter Alcaparra, beyond the obvious, this is not only a solid Angamos I pedigree, but also has five crosses of Gacho, two of Africano and NO Quebrado. With very little use at stud, he sired a multiple qualifier for the Champion of Chile, El Ministro, proving he had the ability to transmit competitive horses in the modern Rodeo. In hindsight, it is a shame that a horse with this pedigree could not have been used tactically to invigorate the dying Angamos I line. I searched for the 29-year old horse Acampao in vain and finally came across Rubén Vadebenito, a fine horseman who also valued his potential. He too, had been trying to find the equine senior citizen and when he finally located his whereabouts he arrived just one week too late, as the fine stallion had been sent to the slaughter house to make “charki”. Acampao was terminated because no one had any interest in using the horse at stud, yet this foundation line has been so generous to the breed that it behooves Chilean breeders to make an effort to retain it with the proven methodology of inbreeding.

Perhaps we should get an idea just what kind of horse it was that benefited from doubling up his genes. Angamos I was a cherry red bay stallion that was just a hair under 14 hands in height. He was especially known for transmitting extremely good strong hindquarters that tied in smoothly to a long, strong loin. These outstanding traits were still seen in great-grandsons like Huicano. His structural conformation was good, as he had good bones and strong joints. Most of his descendants were of above-average height

and had a more prominent withers and a shorter back than is typical for the modern breed. Still, there is a generalized good balance and athleticism throughout most representatives of this line. These characteristics have made them prolific ribbon winners in halter competitions. Although a greater number of modern descendants of this line have shown their worth in the medialuna, there has been a consistent tendency to have excellent “rienda” horses throughout the years of the Angamos I line. Angamos I carried a recessive chestnut gene as one of his outstanding sons was the flashy chestnut with four white stockings, Cóndor I. This sire gave rise to the Haragán and Brujo lines that are full of beautifully conformed horses. Alicanto was another chestnut son that reinforced the Angamos I line. He was a very strong individual that looked more like a Quarter Horse than a Chilean Horse, however few of his offspring obtained his type of conformation. He was better known for passing on his tremendous cattle working ability than promoting his good looks. Interestingly, another of Angamos I’s more prominent sons, Corzo, was a dun roan, also an atypical color for the breed. With a blazed face and four white stockings, his color and markings highlighted his illustrious Chilean Horse type. This conformational merit was passed on actively through the generations. A son, Chacarero, was heralded at many fairs. From him descend the “Sello de la Raza” winners Rotoso and his son El Taita that today offer any remaining hope for the Angamos I line. Another son, Vuelto, was also admired and exalted throughout the fair circuit for an impeccable conformation.

Figure II.266 El Taita (1981) was Best Breed Type winner at the Champion of Chile while also being skilled enough to reach the 4th steer of the finals.



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With a more traditional hair color, the dun son of Angamos I, Alfil II, continued to make an impact on the good looks in this sire line, while also siring good performers. He himself was a complete package that was admired for his conformation, temperament and his cow working ability. Sons such as Caguil I and Curanto (1921) were proud bearers and transmitters of all these attributes. The latter continued to assure that good looks were at the forefront of the Angamos I line. His sons Coirón III, Cinturón and Oso are all remembered For their exceptional conformation. Coirón III was so popular at the time that he became the stallion with the most number of offspring registered in the breed. Cinturón, on the other hand, was responsible for one of the finest physical specimens of the breed, in Apio. Probably no representative of the Angamos I line better represents conformational fortitude than Azahar I. This 14.2 hand stallion was on the top end of the height spectrum of the breed. Yet, he was so well made that he was used as a model for a sculpture that was meant to represent the ideals of the Chilean Horse in his day. Through his spectacular-looking son Madrigal, there is a preponderance of horses of varied performance ability, but all are invariably described to have the much-sought-after breed standards. Due to that fact that the breed was going through difficult times in those years, Angamos I was campaigned under saddle until he was 21 years old. It was only due to the astuteness of Mr. Alberto Correa that he was offered an opportunity at stud. For 10 years, Mr. Correa used Angamos I with resounding success. When the fame of his offspring became well recognized, he was also used by one of best breeding farms of the day. Hacienda Aculeo sought the services of this grand old stallion in the breeding seasons between 1903 and 1907. In spite of the very limited use Hacienda Aculeo had of Angamos I, it is notable the impact this horse had in fortifying their leadership in the industry. One cannot help but note the frequency with which these two names are coupled in the history books. The use of Angamos I was curtailed in his last breeding season, as he died on the last day of January of his 31st year!! Truly, this horse is a testimony, not only to the longevity of the usefulness of this breed, but also to defying the often-repeated misconception that old age affects the quality of the genetic material transmitted in reproduction.

Figure II.267 Coiron 3 (1944) was good looking stallion that always attracted a large book of mares.

Figure II.268 Madrigal (1930) came by his good looks rightly as his sire was used as a model for a sculpture of the breed standard.



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Guante I

It would be more correct to call this the “Cristal I line”, as every sire of importance that goes back to Guante I does so through this dominant grandson. Still, it is worth starting from the beginning, because it gives precedence to where the genes originate and also serves to inform about the contribution of the original Guante I line, which played a strong role in the maternal bloodlines of the breed. Guante I comes from the original Aculeo breeding program of Patricio Larraín Gandarillas. He is the only foundation stallion whose pedigree is unknown. The Angamos I sire line is known for three generations, dating back to 1850. Gacho goes four generations back to a horse known to have foaled in 1860. Halcón II goes back two generations to his namesake in 1850. Chamal´s parentage is only known back to his sire, born in 1890. Caldeado’s records were probably in the notes of Pedro de Cuevas, but no one gives them much thought since he is an 1835 model. It seems that the nebulous breeding of the little foal that accompanied one of the mares they purchased was the reason the Letelier family decided not to keep the horse. It is estimated that he was born around 1867. Mr. Manuel María Figueroa purchased Guante I as a three-year-old. He campaigned the horse extensively before he sold him as a 15-year-old to Ignacio Diaz de Valdes. In his later years, he came into the hands of Mr. Agustín Edwards Ross, on whose hacienda he lived out the rest of his days. Unlike Angamos I, Guante I was not gifted with an outstanding conformation. It is clear that his virtues were related to his abilities as an athletic and gutsy performer. He was carefully passed through the hands of a horse breaker, an initial trainer and, finally, a more polished trainer that clearly made him one of the most-talked-about performance horses of his time. He bore a courageous cow working ability that was admired, and which he also passed on with dominance to his offspring. Conformation-wise, Guante I left a lot to be desired. He was a coarse horse with a very convex facial profile. His rusticity was depicted by thick skin that gave rise to his dun hair coat. He was not very well made structurally, with only medium bone that terminated in small hooves. He was very straight in the shoulders and pasterns, and had prominent, somewhat sickle hocks. He was small in stature and not very muscular, with a very narrow girth that presented an unimposing body mass. Yet, having said this, he was considered to be a decently proportioned individual, with the thickness of neck and a wide ample chest that is sought after in this stock horse breed. Although Guante I sired performers of merit like Don Blas, El Noble, Tintero, etc., when crossed with the Cuevana mare Eulalia, in 1880 he produced by and far his best son at stud, Guante II. Guante II was a heavier and larger version of his sire. He measured 146 cm (14.1 ½ hands) in height, which made him taller than he was long. This was a very unusual find in this breed. The cylindrical barrel, thick skin, convex head and sickle hocks were all similar to his sire. Guante II differed in that he had a strong, bulky, shoulder and a larger, coarser head. This proved detrimental to balance his somewhat short and narrow croup. For the sake of conformation, it may be an unfortunate reality, but Guante II has had a tremendous influence on the Chilean Horse breed, as he transmitted his genes through 34 different registered daughters. More influential was the fact that his breeder Miguel Campino had a complete dispersal of his operation, and the daughters of Guante II were distributed among the best breeding farms of the era. Although it is known that Guante II had an excellent disposition, he was not tested in performance events so as to challenge the merits so well remembered in his sire. In 1903, he was bred with another good-natured horse, the gray mare Mezcla from the Hacienda Aculeo. She was considered the blue hen of this famous breeding establishment, and thus the performance ability of the Guante I line was assured. The resulting horse Cristal I turned out to be one of the rodeo stars of the time.



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While maintaining the hardy nature that is sought after in the ranch horse, the “glass-eyed” Cristal I was admired for a breed type that was being defined as the most suitable for Chile. Unlike many earlier representatives of the breed, including his sire, Cristal I was much longer than he was tall. His 141 cm (13.3 hands) of height was average for the breed. However, he had a stronger withers, shoulder, hindquarter and loin than his sire and grandsire. He also improved on his progenitors’ traits by having good, thick bones and strong joints. He maintained the long, convex head and thick mane and tail that were so characteristic of all Chilean Horses. He so excelled at stamping his phenotype on his progeny that many touted him as

being the best sire of the breed. This, in spite of weak pasterns on outwardly rotated forehands and poorly conformed hind legs. Throughout Cristal I’s life he was utilized by various breeding farms. Although bred in Aculeo, he was sold to Alberto Parot’s Hacienda Las Mariposas. As a 15-year-old stallion, he returned to Aculeo. Later, he was sold to one of his greatest admirers, Mr. Adolfo Luco. The latter breeder was responsible for Cincel, one of Cristal I’s best siring sons. This 1920 model stallion was much more refined and classy than his sire. Through his son Gato B, he was responsible for Faustino, a small, very ranchy type of horse that had tremendous potential in the rodeos. This gave rise to a prolific line of performance horses that made their own fame in rodeos, including multiple representatives in the finals of the Champion. Mr. Luco showed that his faith in Cristal I was merited, as in 1921 he produced yet another outstanding sire in Enchufe. This unusually well conformed horse was out of one of Mr. Luco’s best and most beautiful mares. He never competed in performance events, but he was unbeatable at halter. Mr. César Rozas (who bred only for conformation and “rienda”) and Alberto Araya both used the stud, and it is said that his daughters were some of the prettiest in the breed. Colts like Granerino, were named best looking stallions of the breed. Longaviano was another handsome bay stallion that was out of the beautiful mare Colicura. This mare was a terrific rodeo competitor and Longaviano followed in her footsteps. Unfortunately he wasn’t used much at stud and most of his contribution to the breed comes from his son Quillacón I, who was out of another incredible performance line. The strength of this strain can be seen in Pucho, a sixth generation descendant of Enchufe that produced Vadeadora, which is often mentioned as one of the most beautiful Chilean mares ever seen. However, in keeping with the lineage, the fortitude of performance was never far off, as even in this better-looking strain of the Guante I line, Vadeadora was a National Champion rienda horse and arguably one of the all-time best rienda horses of the breed. Another Pucho mare, Aceitaita, is remembered as one of the best rodeo competitors ever, having been crowned Champion of Chile on two occasions, in 1961 and 1966. If the origins of the Guante I line were not very strong phenotypically, one can surely say that it had the good fortune of meeting up with Adolfo Luco and César Rozas. Through Enchufe, one of Cristal I’s best looking sons, they both fortified this line with many more solid genes for marvelous conformation that were found in their select broodmare bands. Time and time again, the results were proven, as exceptionally attractive, elite performance horses appeared in numbers that would certainly have surprised the old keepers of Guante I.

Figure II.269 Cristal I (1903) was a son of the superb mare Copa Nº392 (also known as Mezcla)

Figure II.270 Longaviano (1934) pictured as a 2YO. An influential stallion in spite of only having three sons.



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The third major branch of the Cristal I line (Guante I and II included), is the one that came about through Hacienda Aculeo. On paper, one would think the dark bay horse Quebrado (1919) offered an interesting cross of the innate athleticism of the Guante I line with the solid conformation of the Angamos I line, as his dam Franela was by the versatile dun Alfil II. Since it also united some of the best performance blood of Angamos I, it’s of no surprise that Quebrado (1919) was quickly considered one of the most talented cow horses of his time. Quebrado (1919) only stood at 138 cm (13.2 hands), but he had a great deal of breed type. He had the typical slightly convex head with small foxy ears, possessed well-defined muscle mass and an extremely thick mane and tail. Although he was not as thick as some in hindquarters and loin, these maintained good proportions with the rest of his body. He had the cylindrical barrel, deep chest and thick but elongated neck that was becoming more and more synonymous with good rodeo performance. He showed a lot of heart in the rodeos. He was aggressive in making contact with the cattle. Still, due to his small stature, initially he was only bred to the mares of ranch employees. To his good fortune, from the first time Quebrado stepped into a medialuna, an enthusiastic Chilean Horse breeder by the name of Darío Pavez fell in love with the horse. His insistence and Aculeo´s stronger faith in another two sons of Cristal I eventually gave way to the transaction that would most strongly affect Chilean Horse history. The careful breeding plan that was implemented in the Criadero Las Camelias would be responsible for the strongest and most prolific sire lines of all time. The propensity of using more than one branch of the Quebrado family is today responsible for a lot of unplanned fourth and fifth generation inbreeding that continues to propagate with even more vigor the qualities of this spectacular horse. Quebrado’s results at stud immediately earned him the top spot on the totem pole of Las Camelias as their stallion battery grew to larger numbers. His lineage was assured by the likes of Refuerzo, a homely version of his father with a long muzzle, a more Roman nose and much less muscle mass. However, the horse had a great deal of performance ability, as his dam was the winner of the second running of the Champion in Santiago. Proving his abilities in the arena became a moot point when he sired the likes of Fundador and Indio, who were consistently in the top 10 slots in rodeo competition.

Quite unlike Refuerzo, Quebrado’s son Picurrio was an upgraded version in aesthetic appeal. Not only was he Quebrado’s best-looking son, but he was also touted as an extremely talented rodeo horse. He came by his attributes rightly as he was inbred 3X3 to the grand matriarch of Hacienda Aculeo, the unforgettable mare Mezcla. For the most part, his claim to fame as a sire has with horses that have excelled at halter, but he also had performers like Latigo, Resongón and Dietista. The latter was not only a beautiful mare, but a Champion Rienda Horse as well. When Picurrio was bred to the good halter mare Corcha he produced his best son at stud, Picaporte. This was a particularly interesting

breeding because Picaporte was linebred 3x3x4 to Cristal I and 4X4X4X5 to Mezcla. This impressive black horse with his sire’s conformation put out a whole slew of good stallions such as Peleco, Troncal, Quillacón, Sedal, Punteo and Morcacho. The latter was another wonderfully conformed representative of the Picurrio line that proved to be an excellent

Figure II.271 Quebrado brought the Guante I foundation line to the limelight.

Figure II.272 Picurrio (1937) gave rise to the best conformed of the Quebrado branches.



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rodeo horse up into his twenties. Horses like the good looking Cristobal, who is also an able corralero, carry on this the best-conformed branch of the Guante I. The 1929 dun horse, Don Fulano, was a son of Quebrado (1919) that never competed in any manner. Yet, at stud he has shown his worth in siring an interesting branch of performance horses. Mostly through his grandson Verdejo, a good cow horse in his own right, there is a series of stallions that have done well in the rodeos, as well as producing more like them at stud. Vespertino, who won the Champion of Chile beside Estribillo in 1980, would be a prime example of the talent that can be found in the Don Fulano branch of Quebrado (1919) Every breed has an “Iron Horse” -- the individual that competes time and again and always gives 100 percent even though there seems to be no rest in sight. The fourth lineage from the Quebrado (1919) branch of the Guante I line exemplifies just such an individual. His name is Comunista, and he was born an insignificant specimen that probably should have been castrated, as his only logical function was held in the hopes of his being a good performance horse. He was a very small horse, with slight muscling but a good solid structural make up. The scrappy little dark bay was run at every opportunity, all year round. In the 20-year ranking of the horses from the Chilean Rodeo circuit between the years 1945 and 1965, this almost-overlooked little stallion was rated the fourth best stallion to compete during the period. Comunista’s merits in the ring led him to the breeding establishment of Santa Elsa. Momo Moller and Estanislao Anguita later purchased him. It is fortunate that a horse with so few qualifications at the stud should fall in the hands of two progressive breeders with high expectations. Sometimes, it is hard to tell whether a good horse makes a breeder, or if it is the other way around, but in any case Comunista left his impact on the breed. He had some terrific performing mares, like Recacha, considered to be one the greats of all time. He also had the multiple-championed Cebollita and Candela. He had some grand performing sons as well. Arrocito was one of his better-looking colts, which was considered one of the best competitors in his day. Filtro was another Comunista offspring that was considered one of the best in the country. He had significantly more physique than his sire and went on to be a decent sire of performance horses. Comunista also contributed another less significant line in siring the horse Oropel. With no achievements of his own, in reality his only claim to fame was being responsible for producing a small but well-balanced little bay with a star on the forehead and tons of breed type. Quebradito was his name, and his corralero ability gained him a spot next to the celebrated Taco. Quebradito went to stud at Jorge Laserre’s Criadero Trongol, where he was most known for siring Chilpilco, a horse that reached the finals of the National Championship. Pilpilco was a full brother that was an equally promising bay colt with an abundance of the breed type that seems to be well established in this line. Showing a great deal of corralero prowess, Pilpilco overcame the restrictions imposed by the small stature he inherited from his sire. He not only proved himself in the rodeo arena, but also in the stud farms of Brazil. After being exported, he

sired sons that competed well in Brazilian fairs and the coveted “Freio de Ouro” (Golden Bit). The greatest impact attributed to Comunista came as a result of his introduction to the “grand dam of Curiche”, Rigurosa. This cross resulted in three spectacular horses; the already mentioned Recacha, Ñipan and Rigor. Ñipan was a 1950 dark bay colt that was considered to be the epitome of the Chilean Horse type in spite of his rather small stature. However, despite all his physical qualities, what people remember most about him was his desire to pin the cows. Most

Figure II.273 After becoming Champion of Chile Ñipan went on to be one of the best broodmare sires of the breed.



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everything he did in the rodeo arena was without demand, as he loved his work. He was known to be a horse of only one solid thrust and most of the time that was enough. The great breeder of Curiche, Estanislao Anguita held him in very high esteem, but after using him for a time at stud, he was moved onto the breeding farms of Luis Dominguez, Alberto Schwalm, Ubaldo García and, finally, to the other premier breeder, Samuel Parot. He was a consistent sire of good performance horses that were admired for their good looks, as well as a top of the line broodmare sire. Rigor, on the other hand, was an unusually large stallion to come about from the diminutive Comunista. Standing at 145 cm (14.1 hands), he was a muscular and classy dark bay representative of the breed. He possessed a beautiful triangular head with a lot of width between the eyes. He had small ears, a thick wavy mane and tail, and a shiny silky hair coat; in essence, all the characteristics one would desire in a Chilean Horse. After starting a promising campaign on the rodeo circuit, he suffered an unfortunate fracture of one of his forelegs that terminated his performance career. As a result, he went to stud at Galo Bustos’ Criadero Muticura, as well as in Manuel Irarrazabal’s Criadero El Tambo and Enrique Lobo’s Criadero Totoral before ending up finally in Alberto Schwalm’s La Amanecida. Rigor’s influence on the breed has been tremendous. He has not only sired performance horses, but also has to be considered a “sire of sires”. His son Riguroso went directly to stud in two excellent breeding farms, Mr. Alberto Montt’s Los Fresnos and Agustín Edward’s Santa Isabel. His success in each of these establishments later led to his exportation to Brazil. Before being exported, he left his mark as a sire by having produced the popular Santa Isabel stallion Rio Negro. This lovely, masculine, long-backed black stallion not only placed twice in the top three spots in the Champion of Chile, but he also won Grand Champion in Halter at five different fairs. Rigor also produced the likes of Guardián I, an unusually long-backed dark chestnut with an atypical thin straight mane and tail who has himself created a solid line of excellent performance horses. The “sire of sire” potential is also evident in Ensueño, who before being sold to the region of Magallanes on the southernmost tip of Chile had gotten in foal the dam of Zapateado for the Criadero Muticura. Zapateado was not only a solid performance horse, but has already shown the capacity to get many of his own sons to the national finals. The strongest branch of Rigor sons can be found in stylish dark bay colt named Taco. At 138 cm (13.2 hands), he was a significantly smaller horse than his sire. He was also a more refined horse with a less imposing masculinity. He did maintain the more-refined Rigor head with small ears and muzzle. He had very nice body angles and but possessed upright pasterns that probably hampered his performance career. He is well remembered for his beautiful, thick, wavy tail and exaggerated length of the tuft of mane over the withers. Admirers found him to be a very good mover that possessed all the standards that are desirable in the breed. Taco was a solid performer in the rodeos who won many regional championships, but no one would remember him as one of the best. His assurance in the annals of the Chilean Horse breed is based on his merits at stud. A consistent trait in most of his offspring is that they have their sire’s good looks. Among them are sons like Tañio, who was Grand Champion at the famous agricultural fair FISA, and Baqueano, Cachazo and El Toqui, all of whom were awarded “Sello de la Raza” at rodeos.

Figure II.274 Although Guardian I (1953) did not have much breed type he sired many excellent performance horses.



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However, Taco is not all about good looks, as he also had many offspring that were excellent cow horses. Undoubtedly, the most famous among them is Bellaco. This muscular chestnut with chrome on all four legs was out of one of the best corralera mares in history, Percala. Bellaco always took the rodeos he was in to another level, as he was a consistent hard-hitter that thrilled the crowds. In a recent study by Vicente and Ignacio Pérez evaluating all horses ranked in the top 10 between the years 1956 and 2001, the points earned by Bellaco placed him as the fourth best horse over the 45-year period. In a similar study done two years ago by Juan Enrique Larraín, where the ranking plus the top three spots in the National Championship were assigned points of merit, Bellaco placed third of all stallions that competed between the years 1956 and 1999. However one wants to look at it, he is unarguably considered one of the great corralero horses of all time.

At stud, Bellaco has proved as impressively as in the medialuna. In nine of the 10 years between 1977 and 1987, he was ranked in the top 10 stallions of the breed, and twice he topped the list. Sons like Campero, Satanás and Amuleto have been of the highest quality performers that have gone on to stud. Campero was exported to Brazil, where he has proved a good sire of halter and performance horses. However, Taco’s best son may still be in the

making, as one of the offspring from the class of ’91 won his third National Championship in 2007. This homebred of Santa Isabel is one of the new additions to their stallion roster, and with the caliber of Estribillo mares he is likely to get at that ranch, one could easily speculate that he will carry the Taco genes to new heights. Even more interesting will be the retained fillies that are inbred with the Estribillo blood through the use of two excellent sons, Escorpión and Escándalo. When Talento is put to use on these mares that concentrate the genes of what is in my opinion one the best sires of the breed, Santa Isabel will surpass the glory days it is presently experiencing. Without a doubt, the majority of the strength of the Quebrado (1919) line is coming through his 1936 son, Guaraní. This flashy bay stallion with four white stockings, bred by Darío Pavez, was an excellent stock horse that won many championships along with his fellow competitor, Prestigio. One of the outstanding traits of this horse was his personality, as he was extremely gentle. He was valued for his conformation as well, as he had a slightly more refined type than is normal in the breed. He had plenty of power in his hindquarters and loins. However, he was a little lighter in the shoulder and had the distinguishing traits of having a thinner, slightly ewe-

Figure II.275 Bellaco (1988) was one of the hardest hitting Champions of Chile and a resounding success at stud as well.

Figure II.276 Of the three successful stallions with the Quebrado x Cosaco nick, Guarani (1936) was by far the best looking individual.



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necked conformation, as well as a narrower, less triangular shape to the long muzzled, convex head. Guaraní’s most outstanding sons have been Estribo and Tequila. The latter was the sire of the outstanding corralero, Curanto, who for five years was among the top five stallions ranked in the Chilean rodeo circuit. However, by far the most influential son of Guaraní is a product of his two-year loan to the Casas de Polpaico, which resulted in Estribo. This dark bay stallion of the 1955 breeding planned by Gustavo Donoso is considered one of the greats in the sport of the medialuna. Until he was 19 years old, he competed with a variety of riders and equine partners. He was twice considered the best stallion in the Chilean rodeo circuit, while seven times he was in the top six slots of this list. In analyzing the stallions that competed in the 20 years between 1956 and 1976, Estribo was chosen as the best to compete during those two decades. A subsequent study by Juan Enrique Larraín chose him as the fourth best stallion in the years between 1956 and 1999. Vicente and Ignacio Pérez’s study, which only took into consideration the positions in the national ranking, placed him in the top place as the best Chile has had to offer in last 45 years of rodeo competition. Estribo was used more heavily in competition than at stud. Still, he sired many memorable horses, many of which are best remembered for their success in halter competitions. Perhaps all his best corralero genes were to be passed on to one extraordinary son, Estribillo. This son of Estribo nearly had the record of his sire in the half-moon arenas, but as a sire of Chilean corralero horses, he has no comparison with his sire, or, for that matter, about any other horse. Gustavo Donoso, the owner of Casas de Polpaico, received the old mare Reserva as a gift due to the fact that her owner Baltazar Puig had his ranch Las Mercedes taken from him by the dubious policies of the agrarian reform. The mare had been worked on cattle in her younger days, and it had been determined that she had little talent in this regard. Fortunately for the mare and her new owner, she arrived at the home of the great Estribo, who was quickly chosen to be her mate in the breeding season. On the 3rd of March 1967, at age 20, Reserva foaled a beautiful “black” colt that was christened Recuerdo. However, soon Mr. Donoso was also persecuted by the reform policies of those days and he opted to send his better horses to Criadero La Amanecida, which was owned by his good friend, the excellent breeder Dr. Alberto Schwalm. Dr. Schwalm not only did his friend a favor, but also eventually purchased the promising three-year-old colt, whose name he changed to Estribillo. As a four-year-old, the colt was started in his first rodeo while still being handled in a leather guatana. The following year, he won four different rodeos with three different equine partners, including his full sister Huasita. As a six-year-old, he won another four rodeos and classified for the National Finals. In spite of this being his first showing in the prestigious event, Estribillo placed third with the great horse Guardián II by his side. For the following two seasons, Estribillo ran poorly due to some health problems and the disappointingly poor corralero quality of the good-looking Mandil. Alberto Schwalm had purchased this horse with the exclusive intent of teaming him up with Estribillo, but it would be one of his decisions that did not pay off. By the 1977-1978 circuit, he qualified for the National Finals once again, but this time came up with the national championship alongside Vistazo. In 1978, the same two horses teamed up with their regular riders Alberto Schwalm G. and Luis Domínguez to take the reserve champion spot in the Champion of Chile. In the 1979-1980 season Enrique Schwalm, the 19-year-old son of the famous breeder was chosen to ride the great dark horse, this time with Ricardo de la Fuente aboard Vespertino. Incredibly, with his third equine partner in a National Final, Estribillo once again came away with the Championship of this, the most important test of a Chilean corralero horse. Estribillo was a black horse that had a very distinct conformation and exhibited three white stockings and a large star in the middle of his forehead. His long neck flowed smoothly into withers that were followed by a characteristic dip in his long back, before ascending into a strong loin and an extremely long angular hip. There are many descriptions that refer to his “low loin”, but in fact this is really a product of his slight swayback condition. Like many Chilean Horses, he was shorter in his forehands. However, one had to admire the length of his tibia and the angle of his hock, as in this breed the hind leg is often much too straight. His good hind leg



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conformation permitted him to use the additional leverage to his advantage. He had decent structural conformation on his forelegs, with a less upright angle in his pasterns than is the norm in the breed. Then again, he did have a slight rotation of the right foreleg that started all the way in his forearm, and it was common to see this abnormality in his descendants. However, he had a wonderful shoulder with a nice sloping angle that tied into a powerful chest. The semi-convex profile of Estribillo’s head worked its way down to a nose that was longer than usual, and finished with a descending curve into a small muzzle. His short mouth is the sign of a good rienda horse, and sure enough, in his second year in competition, he proved his aptitudes by taking a championship in rienda in the fair of La Unión. Estribillo was admired for having a lot of breed type. His thick and wavy mane and tail were just one of many of the standards of the breed that he exemplified so well.

As a performer, Estribillo’s riders acclaimed his lateral speed. Meticulous observers of rodeos, such as Dr. José Luis Pinochet, have noticed that in Estribillo offspring the lateral movement deviates from the typical crossover of the hind legs. Quite often, you can pick out the descendants of this great stallion, because they push off both legs at the same time in a lateral hopping motion that seems to correlate with more spring and displacement that, in turn, results in greater speed. The other trait that has often been touted about Estribillo’s performance was his ability to always know where to place himself. When nearing the pinning cushion, it is often said that he had the quickness and coordination to be at the right place at

the right time. He was considered a very intelligent horse that liked to be treated with a soft touch. Spurring, or abusive punishment of any kind, usually resulted in his not performing to the best of his abilities. As a result, he got somewhat of a reputation for being “temperamental”, but his erratic behavior can probably be explained by his reaction to rough treatment. The fact is that, as a sire, his offspring are considered to be anything but temperamental. On the contrary, huasos love this lineage because they are such fast learners and naturally come by the skills needed for the sport. Unfortunately, Estribillo was never comfortable being enclosed, and he often kicked his stall or truck partition. Eventually, he suffered a lesion in one of his hind legs and had to be retired from competition. Even having left prematurely, he was classified as the fifth best rodeo horse in Juan Enrique Larraín’s study between the years 1956 and 1999. The rodeo’s loss was the breed’s gain because rarely has a breeding stallion had a greater impact on the Chilean Horse breed. The Schwalm family had been using Estribillo on their farm, even though in many respects the horse did not meet the strict demands of Dr. Alberto Schwalm’s breeding program. There are some who may say that this was due to pressure from friends who assured him he would be foolish not to use such an extraordinary individual. Yet, when a tempting offer came his way, the mastermind of La Amanecida never doubted about making the sale. In hindsight, one might be critical of such a decision, but one must remember that Estribo was an even better performance horse, and little can be said about his merits at stud. Aside from Estribillo, few of Estribo’s sons are remembered in the rodeo arena. Estribillo also had soundness problems during part of his career, and conformationally he was not suited for all kinds of mares. At any rate, an opportune and enticing transaction was to pass Estribillo into new hands. The astute breeders Agustín Edwards and Gonzalo Vial had both the foresight and the good fortune of being the ones to take him home. In time, he would become the exclusive property of the up-and-coming Criadero Santa Isabel. To talk about the accomplishments of Estribillo at stud would justify a book of its own. Since he died in the year 2000, the history of his contribution to the breed is still being written. However, one fact that has already been defined is that Estribillo had 175 registered products. It

Figure II.277 The one and only Estribillo (1967)



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is an astonishing revelation that one of the greatest studs of all time in the Chilean Horse breed sired such a limited number of foals in his lifetime. Most proven Thoroughbred stallions sire more progeny in a couple of years at stud. To understand this fully, one must realize that the magnitude of the Chilean breed is substantially different. In the Chilean Horse breed, there are only around 14,000 registered mares suitable for breeding in any given year. This creates a small genetic pool that is not convenient to flood with overuse of any particular bloodline. The base number of broodmares is divided among approximately 5,000 breeders, so the average size of broodmare bands is minimal. Nothing gives a more accurate perspective of the reproductive circumstances than the fact that more than 70 percent of the breeders register one horse per year, and less than three percent register more than five horses per year. Added to this limitation is the trend that most modern Chilean Horse breeders look down on the use of inbreeding or line breeding practices. This is an interesting fact, since in the mid 19th century a horse such as the famed Bayo León was often crossed with his daughters, some of which already had a second dose of Bayo León’s sire Caldeado in their background. Foundation stallions like Angamos I had a 3S X 2D inbreeding to El Chino Viejo (1862). One of the most influential family branches in the Gacho line originates from the good cow horse Colibrí. Precious few people realize that he is the result of crossing his sire Guarapo with a daughter, but an evaluation of his entire pedigree shows more inbreeding than this. As I have already stated, Colibrí is 1S X 2D to Guarapo, so this logically makes him 2S X 3 D to the foundation stallion Gacho. Moreover, he has three fifth-generation crosses on his sire’s side to Codicia. Lastly, he also has a 3S X 4D inbreeding to Alfil II. Another early example of the potency that was used by inbreeding can be seen in the pedigree of Quebrado. The most prominent families in modern Chilean Horse breeding evolve from two of his sons, Comunista and Guaraní. The dominance of Quebrado may be explained in part by the fact that his pedigree concentrates much more on the foundation stallion Guante I than other branches of this origin. Most horses in this line trace back to Guante I through Guante II and Cristal I, but Quebrado adds two more crosses of the Guante I genes though maternal contributions that result in a 3S X 4D X 4D inbreeding to the grand old horse himself. The examples are endless, but the point is that modern taboos about inbreeding are a recent trend, as in the early days of the Chilean Horse breed, the tool of inbreeding was a common resource. Recent studies by Porte, Mansilla and Pinochet (1999) determined that the average incidence of inbreeding in the Chilean Horse breed between 1893 and 1997 was only 1.84 percent (+/- 3.97 percent). The tendency in recent years has been to use less inbreeding. The latest period studied, 1993-1997, had an average incidence of 1.08 percent (+/- 3.01 percent), as compared to the peak years of inbreeding use, 1936-1961, where the average incidence was 2.85 percent (+/- 4.53 percent). So, it is only in the past four decades that we have seen a significant decline in the practice of inbreeding and line breeding that promotes the use of stallions over a wider base of mares. Ironically, the results of the National Championship would indicate that breeders should seriously reconsider their opinions on the use of inbreeding. When I worked in the Thoroughbred industry, I was always amazed at how high a percentage of the horses running in the multi-million dollar races of the Breeder’s Cup had inbred pedigrees. It was always way

Figure II.278 Esplendor is a grandson of Estribillo that denotes his grandsire’s genes.



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above the average incidence of inbreeding in the breed. A similar look at the 213 horses listed in the yearbook of the 2002 National Championship Chilean Rodeo showed that 61 horses had various levels of inbreeding in their pedigrees. This accounts for 28.6 percent of the horses that have qualified for the National Finals!! This is an incredible number when one takes into account the low incidence of inbreeding that exists in the overall population of the Chilean Horse. Certainly, breeders need to stand up and take notice that a potential for increased performance is being overlooked. Hopefully, visionary breeders will try and use this tool, not only with the popular bloodlines, but also as a means of tapping a greater genetic potential from the foundation families that should be reincorporated into the gene pool of the breed before they are left totally by the wayside. Finally, the other factor that limit a better utilization of a stallion of high caliber is that tradition dictates that each breeding farm have their own stallions, which are promoted through their exclusive use on the home-based broodmare band. In a study reported in the Year Book of the Federation of Chilean Horse Breeders in the year 2000, they looked at 33 top stallions that were no longer rendering stud duties. The 30 with normal reproductive lives averaged 21.43 years in active service, during which time they averaged 128 products per stallion. The stallion in service with the greatest longevity was used for 30 years, and the stallion with the most lifetime progeny only had 246 progeny. I also looked at the Vicente and Ignacio Pérez study of performance stallions that were ranked in the top 10 spots between 1956 and 2001, taking note of the years in which they list the largest number of progeny. These most famous horses of the breed only averaged 74 offspring, with a range that varied from 0 to 307 progeny. In spite of the longevity that is a heritable part of this breed, most stallions are drastically underutilized during their reproductive careers. Ninety-one of the products by Estribillo were produced by Criadero Santa Isabel. Dr. Alberto Schwalm’s La Amanecida bred 45 products. His son Enrique Schwalm bred another five in his farm, La Tribuna. Gustavo Rey Armijo’s San Daniel and Gonzalo Vial’s Lo Miranda both bred four products by this great horse. Ubaldo García Vasquez’s El Amanecer, Francisco Ortúzar’s Curalaba and Alberto Montt’s Los Fresnos all produced two Estribillo progeny each. Twenty other breeders produced one product each. Estribillo was never listed as a having a stud fee for outside mares. Most of the breeders that had nothing directly to do with the horse purchased mares that were in foal to Estribillo. Knowing the limited number of progeny that Estribillo had, it is even more amazing to see the dominance he showed in the medialuna event over the last 15 years. Estribillo has had

seven sons and daughters that have been crowned Champions of Chile and these have been responsible for 10 wins in the most prestigious competition of Chilean Rodeo. Another six grand-progeny were also crowned Champion of Chile, and together they accumulated eight of these coveted crowns. In addition, Estribillo progeny have accumulated 10 runner-up titles in the Champion of Chile, while grand-progeny have added another two such placings. Direct descendants have also been responsible for seven second-runner-up titles, and grand-progeny obtained another five “shows” in the National Championship. This means that first and second generation

descendants of Estribillo have placed in the top three positions of the Champion de Chile an incredible 42 times in the last 15 years. Since there are two horses crowned for each spot, it is

Figure II.279 Hugo Cardemil and the 3X winner of the Champion of Chile, Reservado (1977)



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better put in perspective by stating that 42 out the possible 90 win-place and show titles up for grabs in the past 15 years have been taken home by horses with the Estribillo genes. It is uncanny that Estribillo has had such an extraordinary ability to sire good performance horses. Nothing denotes this more than Juan Enrique Larraín’s study of the best stallions to compete in rodeos between the years of 1956 and 1999. Estribillo’s son Reservado was chosen in the number one spot, vindicating the fact that he, too, is one of the all-time favorites of rodeo fans. This gutsy little stud never said no. So many memorable moments are recalled when every fan at the National Finals jumped to their feet in celebrating Reservado’s perseverance of going down on his knees making every effort to pin a falling steer. These are qualities that are not taught. They come from the heart, and it is doubtful there has been another corralero with as much of this quality as Reservado. Reservado was retired from competition at 18 years of age, after having accumulated an unimaginable record. He participated in 10 National Champion finals. During five consecutive years, he was voted the best stallion in competition. He won three National Championships with two different equine partners. He placed as the runner up on three different occasions, each year having been teamed up with a different horse. If the caliber of his talent in any given year is not enough to head the list of the great ones, surely this accumulative record will assure little debate over his classification. Reservado was not only a superstar of the breed, but he was also a horse with a great deal of breed type. In the National Championship of 1985, he was awarded the “Sello de la Raza” that honors the best representatives of the breed. On the small side, this black stallion had a striking semi-convex head, good leg conformation, strong hindquarters, an abundant tuft of mane, forelock and tail, a beautiful hair coat and, on top of it all, an unusually docile temperament. It can’t be denied that he also inherited aspects of Estribillo that would be held against him in the closer conformational scrutiny of halter expositions, but inside the medialuna, where breed type is what counts, he undoubtedly displayed the principle qualities that represent the Chilean Horse breed.

Born in Osorno, at Las Vizcachas, he was purchased by Luis Mayol who later sold him to Hugo Cardemil. Mr. Cardemil campaigned him through his 12th year and later rode his teammate, Esquinazo. After retiring from the rodeo circuit, Reservado has stood at stud at Luis Ivan Muñoz’s Criadero Santo Tomás in Villarica. Already proving a noteworthy stallion, he has shown that he is capable of getting progeny such as Lacho Anduve and Chacoli to the National Finals. With his son Reservado II he is showing there are also signs of a growing reputation as a sire of sires. Nevertheless, the early indications contend that Reservado’s greatest potential maybe as a broodmare sire. Estribillo has too many sons and daughters of merit to mention them all, but we cannot go on without mentioning the following: Esquinazo, twice National Champion and once runner-up; Escorpión, once National Champion, twice runner-up and twice second-runner-up; Estribillo II, Champion of Chile once and second-runner-up another time; Lechón, Champion of Chile, first-runner-up and second-runner-up, each time with a different teammate; the great performance mares Esbelta and Escandalosa, who together won the coveted Champion of Chile prize; as well as the likes of Aguacero, Estandarte and Escabullido, all of whom were ranked in the top 10 corralero stallions. One of the unfinished parts of Estribillo’s unfolding history is his justification for being classified as a “sire of sires”. He will certainly get the opportunity, as numerous sons of his have gone to stud. Already, horses like Esperando (sire of the two-time National Champions Canteado and Pretal as well as record scoring National Champion Estruendo), Esquinazo (sire of the National Champion of Chile, Campo Bueno II), Reservado, Rico Tipo, Escorpión (sire

Figure II.280 When a steer fell before the pin, Reservado would g o to his knees to try and pin him anyway.



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of National Champions Batuco and Almendra) and Escándalo are Showing that Estribillo has great promise In this area. Esperando, in particular, is representative of the versatility that is seen in the Estribillo line. A sire of National Champions in the Chilean Rodeo, National Champions in rienda, Championships in the multi-event Horse Trial Competition (“Pruebas Ecuestres”), Grand Champions at Halter Expositions and winners of the “Sello de la Raza”, there is little this wonderful stallion has left to prove, except to sire sons who will do more of the same. He is already working on this, as a good portion of Italo Zunino’s broodmare band at the Criadero Agua de los Campos is now the proving grounds for Canteado, Pretal, Albertio, Estrendo, Bernardito and Guindao.

Africano

This more refined representative of the Chilean Horse breed is a son of Zángano (1890), the great-grandson of Traidor (1860). This line has good performers with a more significant dose of size and color. One branch of Africano not only keeps alive the overo horse genes in the breed, but through another offshoot there is also a higher proportion of grays than is typical for the breed. Africano got one of the best opportunities at stud of any of the foundation sires, as he was conceded the best mares of Mr. Correa Valenzuela’s El Principal Farm as well as those of the famed Hacienda Aculeo. With these privileged broodmare bands, Africano got a whole cluster of good-looking horses. That he should get athletic individuals is reasonable, as Africano had some rather unique qualities for the breed. Unlike some coarser representatives, Africano had a long neck with a nice neck-to-shoulder union. His medium-length back tied in nicely with a strong loin, which in turn gave rise to an unusually long and well-sloped hip. He did not have excessively strong hindquarters, but in comparison to his narrow girth and short-coupled shoulder, he was blessed

Figure II.281 Close up of the outstanding stallion Esperando (1979) whose progeny have done it all.



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with a lot of locomotive power on a light frame. He had a good hind leg conformation, but it is said he was offset in his knees. Photos of the horse definitely show that he also possessed strangled tendons, an unusual fault in this breed. His 145 cm (14.1 hands) height is above average for modern standards of the breed, but closer to the ideal in his time. Legs with good bone supported his properly angled body structure. His head offered the slightly convex profile that Chileans find attractive, but was a little narrower in depth. His mane and tail did not show the typical thickness and abundance that is found in most Chilean Horses and his black hair coat was also of a more refined nature. As in all good sires, Africano seemed to out-produce himself at stud. His good-looking dark bay son Caruso (1912) not only won halter competitions, but also sired many beautifully conformed horses such as Carén. This was truly one of the most attractive horses of his day, and nothing attests to that more than César Rozas buying him for his Sexta de Longaví farm. Carén was a more balanced and powerful horse than his sire, and he also proved to be a good performance horse in both rienda and medialuna competitions. He was used intensively and produced a long line of beautifully conformed horses that also acquired their sire’s performance ability. Many halter champions and memorable corraleros came from his son Chacal, but none is more remembered than the great mare Berlina that was runner up in the Champion and gave rise to the family of Zapateado, Esperado and many other good ones. It is interesting to note that the dam of Cristal I, the foundation sire of the Guante I line, was also bred to Africano. This cross resulted in the long and tall stallion called Bureo. He was used heavily in Hacienda Aculeo and is best remembered for his son Jarabe that gave rise to many halter and performance horses. However, it is his granddaughter Picantita and grandson Latocito that brought him into the real limelight when they respectively won the Champion of Chile in 1953 and 1956.

Cambucho was another good son of Africano that Alberto Schwalm campaigned, as well as incorporated into his breeding program at La Amanecida. Cambucho’s son Peso Fuerte forms an interesting tie to Estribillo. His daughter Cobradora was not only a halter winner and an excellent cow horse, but she was also the dam of the supposedly untalented performer Reserva, who later gave birth to the great Estribillo. However, by far the best siring son of Cambucho was Mirquen. This dark bay stallion sired a lot of real performers, especially in southern Chile. His son Alquitrán is recalled as one of the greatest of all time. His son

Cervecero was crowned Champion of Chile in 1956. Another Mirquen son, Rumbo, sired Galponero, who was runner-up in the Champion of Chile, but he made up for this near miss by siring Terciopelo, who in some polls ranked first in the performance stallion ranking, while being runner up in the Champion of 1994. Dr. José Luis Pinochet’s analysis of the sires of horses that reach the Champion of Chile places Mirquen as the leader with the highest percent of offspring that have made it to the national championship. One of the interesting branches of the Africano line is Alcatraz. This horse that is officially registered as grulla in color was, in fact, an overo. He had a big spot all over his right rib cage and an equally notable spot on his left underside. He also had three stockings, including a right fore that was white well past the knee. His dam was a Díaz de Valdez mare that was also an overo, and she was known to be one of the better-looking mares of her day. Alcatraz was a nicely balanced horse with a longer, more refined neck than most in the breed. He had a more cylindrical barrel and was not particularly strong in the hindquarters. Although above average in height, he only weighed 400 kg (880 pounds). He was structurally well-made and hard to fault in that department. He also had a straighter, silkier tail than is representative for the breed. His

Figure II.282 Terciopelo comes from the valued Africano branch that produced Mirquen



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type was considered decent in his day, but his refinement would be more suspect today. In any case, his conformation took back seat to his ability, as he was an extraordinary rienda horse and a real cow horse that was considered one of the good ones of his era. He went to stud at the excellent farm Curiche, property of Estanislao Anguita in Los Angeles, Chile. Following the curious reappearance of the paint gene in the Africano line it’s worth mentioning Flotador, the “medicine hat” overo son of Alcatraz. Conformation-wise, Flotador was not a very balanced horse, as he was strong on his forequarters, but rather weak behind. Still, he had an uncanny ability as a rienda horse and was also an excellent corralero. He won many Champions in his campaign. In the evaluation of rodeo performers made by Raúl Pavez between the years 1940 and 1955, Flotador was chosen second-best over the 15-year period of competition assessed. He had a following wherever he went. His unique color had public appeal, as did the fact that he excelled in both rienda and medialuna performances. He was a solid sire of performance horses and especially had many good mares, of which I should mention Aguina, runner-up in the Champion of Chile of 1956 and Ocurrencia, second runner-up in the Champion of Chile of the same year. His daughter Rodada is the granddam of the good contemporary horse, Rico Raco. Flotador also sired another good spotted horse in Imperio, a product of Criadero Curiche. This slightly sickle-hocked horse with more strength in the hindquarters than his sire, had a strange spotted pattern over a grulla color base. There is no mention of his performance ability, but as a sire in Criadero Agua de Los Campos, he has put out a lot of good performing horses and some halter winners as well. Picunto is yet another son of Flotador that sired the good overo rienda horse, Floreado. The good-looking Enlitrado is another of the many overos that had descended from this line. Flotador is probably best known for being the sire of the courageous horse Reparo. In spite of competing with a broken rib, Reparo won the 1964 Champion of Chile. That same year he was also ranked the best performing stallion and on four other occasions he was also nominated to the coveted top 10 ranking. Don Raúl Pavez’s evaluation of the 20-year period from 1956-1976, placed Reparo in fourth position. As a sire, he has had the notable son Rosquero, the sire of Talamero, Guaranito and Buen Trago. However, his claim to fame comes from his outstanding daughter Agora Qué, a Champion of Chile in 1979 and runner-up with a different equine partner in 1981. The other Flotador son that merits mention is a red dun, Salteador. This is a solid performance line if ever there was one. A good, but not spectacular corralero, Salteador won regional championships. However, for not having a brilliant career in the rodeos, he certainly outdid himself at stud. He sired the likes of Trampero (twice Champion of Chile in 1968 and 1973) Salteador II (sire of Champions of Chile Salteador III and Malagueña), Chamanto (grandsire of 1992 Champion of Chile Esparramo), Tabacón (best corralero in Chile for several seasons, including Champion of Chile in 1973), Estanquero (the sire of Cachupin, four times best rienda horse in Chile and seven times in the top 10 ranking of corralero stallions), Sandunguero (sire of Acampanadita, dam of multiple halter champions) and Farolero (sire of good stud Níspero). As a note of interest, I should mention Campesino, a great-grandson of Salteador, and thus five generations removed from the overo horse Alcatraz. This wide blazed-faced grulla has a medium-sized white spot on his right underside and a high stocking on the right foreleg, very similar to the description we gave of Alcatraz himself!! The Alcatraz branch also gave rise to Regador. By being a full brother to both Alcatraz II and Ronquera (the dam of Roncador), one has to recognize how much the great mare Reñaca contributed to fortifying this Alcatraz branch of the Africano line. As if that were not

Figure II.282 Like his ancestors, the more refined Salteador (1939) produced excellent rodeo and reining horses.



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enough, Reñaca also produced Rigurosa (the dam of Ñipán, a good-looking stallion that is considered one of the best maternal grandsires), Rigor (one of the most influential sires of all time) and Recacha (the dam of Gustoso, Rosquero and Guanaquero). Regador was a talented corralero, and in the evaluation of the years 1945-1965 Don Raúl Pavez chose him as the third-best performance horse. He was a good sire, producing Batelero, Barbecho, and perhaps his best performer Chamico, who was first and second runner-up in the National Finals. Batelero has not only been ranked in the top 10 performance stallions in two different years, but also has sired Morocho, the good corralero from area of Talca. Morocho sired the good horse Araucano, but his promise seems to be in his strength as a broodmare sire. His daughters Victoria and Tristeza produced the Champions of Chile, Estribillo II and El Lechón, respectively. Morocho daughters have nicked particularly well with Estribillo, and thus mares like Hilacha, Tristeza, Venganza and Victoria became an integral part of his breeding program. The strength of the privileged combination of bloodlines in Regador’s pedigree is still being seen after many generations. His great-grandson Auquincano was

Champion of Chile in 1984 and first runner-up the following year. Acampao is another Alcatraz branch stallion that has left his mark on the breed. His notable sons are Acampao II, Hurtero, Acero, Taracampao, Clarín, Aseado, Mulatito and Maniatado. But when he was bred with the Champion of Chile mare Carranza, he produced his best son, the leggy dun horse with the same silhouette of Alcatraz, named Pajar. This talented stallion belonged to Criadero Agua de los Campos in Los Angeles, and, in 1996, he made the top 10 ranking of performance stallions. His potential as a sire seems clear now that he has produced the National Finals horse Navegao, as well as the good horses Peine and Chamanto. Another Alcatraz horse was Burlón, a

good and attractive rienda horse that measured 1.43 m (14 hands). His claim to fame was having sired Chicharrón, a dark palomino with strong make up that was out of an excellent corralera mare that was considered too tall. This large and heavy horse was a solid corralero like his dam, but more importantly, the Andrajo branch of the Africano line came about through him. Andrajo was a fairly tall (144 cm or 14 hands) and very muscular gray horse with an exuberant tail and tuft of mane. His dam Zancadilla was a superb corralera, with an admirably strong physique and tremendous breed type. Andrajo was talented enough to win some Champions in his brief early career, before fracturing a hock. However, his merit to the breed lies in his dominance as a sire. Andrajo has a long list of solid performance horses such as Andrajo II, Arriero, Quita Pena, Atento, Contagioso and the good corralera mares Andrajosa, Bocona, Marsellesa and Quisca. Sons like Andrajo II, Arriero, Brillazón, Punto y Coma, Lanco (who sired Placer, a Champion of Chile) and Topón (who sired Taponazo, a Champion of Chile) showed that Andrajo’s lineage was sure to propagate itself further. However, by far, his best sons at stud were Roncador and Ajiaco. Ajiaco, a roan with the graying gene of his sire, was a strong pinner of steers that won many regional championships. In keeping with his sire, he was a very muscular horse with very good structural conformation, a beautiful dense tail but more of a Roman nose profile. He has sired good performers himself, as his chestnut son Relincho was considered the best performance stallion in Chile in 1987. Interestingly, Relincho has a 2S X 3D inbreeding to Andrajo. Harapo, another son that is a smaller version of his sire, was also a well-recognized star in the rodeos.

Figure II.284 For three consecutive years Melí (1996) was voted Best Breed Type at the National Championship and in 2007 he was runner up for the performance title.



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Roncador is another interesting example of the little-used practice of inbreeding in the modern Chilean Horse. This son of Andrajo is out of an Alcatraz mare, making him 4S X 2D inbreeding to the spotted son of Africano. This dark dun stallion that stood 1.42 m (14 hands) had the thickness, breed type and good structural conformation that was typical of the Andrajo blood. His dam Ronquera was a full sister to the good stallions Alcatraz II and Regador. The increased homozygosity of his genes undoubtedly helped him excel at stud, where he produced the good horses Halcón (third runner-up at the National Finals in 1980), Huilque, Roto Choro, Ronquido, Ronco, Puelche and Mercader. Perhaps where Roncador has been valued even more was in his ability to put out high-producing daughters. Although he performed for Criadero Peleco and later was passed over to Criadero Puquereo, eventually he landed in Leonardo García’s Criadero El Ideal. There, he produced the great mares Camarera, Lavanda, Relinda, Roñosa, Ricura and Sembradora. Proof of his merit as a broodmare sire is the fact that the Criadero Santa Isabel took notice of the horse and used him to produce Bandurria,Cascada, Patrulla, Ronda, Ronquera II, and Ronquita, among many others.

Gacho

The only gray horse of the eight foundation sires, Gacho was a good-sized horse that stood 144 cm (14+ hands). He was a powerful individual with a cylindrical barrel with a conservative girth that measured 170 cm (almost 67 in.). Gacho had a beautiful top line that started with a sculptured neck that worked its way into well-defined withers, followed by a short back that tied into an incredibly strong loin and ended in a powerful, rounded rump. His strength was also evident in a prominent, strong chest. His narrow girth gave him a leggier appearance, but, in fact, he had a long forearm and tibia that gave rise to short cannon bones that were made up of good, strong bone and big joints. His very masculine head had a straight profile with well-defined jowls that gave rise to a nice, but slightly heavy, triangular shape to the head. Additionally, he had a strong dose of “cow savvy” and was famed for being an excellent cowhorse.

There is much about Gacho’s phenotype that hints to a trace of Percheron ancestry. We can be certain that for at least four generations this was not the case in his paternal lineage. His registry clearly traces back to Petizo (1890), El Guanaco (1870), Bayo Grande (1865) and Burro (1860). Still, the possibility for a Percheron influence exists, since Percherons were imported to Chile in the middle of the 19th century and it would be 43 years before the formal Chilean Horse registry was created. Speculation is futile at this point, but certainly some draft blood is not incompatible with good stock horses, as the Old Fred line of the Quarter Horse breed can attest to. Gacho stood at stud in Tobías Labbe’s Criadero Las Pataguas and Ernesto Lavin’s Criadero Huemul. There is no doubt he is responsible for some significant sire

lines, but by being the broodmare sire of the great mare Reñaca, Gacho will be forever be tied

Figure II.285 Roncador (1956) is one of the great broodmare sires of the breed

Figure II.286 Gacho (1905) had more prominent jowels than is typical in the Chilean Horse breed.



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to the foundation lines of Guante I and Africano. Through the common genes he shares with Rigor, Alcatraz II, Regador and Roncador, Gacho has obtained entry into the pedigrees of Chilean Horses through a variety of potent stallions in three different branch lines. As a sire, Gacho had some good performance horses, but many had limited success at stud. His son Retintin, a light grulla with a bald face and white stocking, was considered Gacho’s best performance horse. He was one of the best cowhorses in his day and won many regional champions. Perhaps Retintin is more important as being the sire of Tabacazo, the ninth-best horse in the Raúl Pavez evaluation of the year 1956-1976. Tabacazo, in turn, sired Junquillo, the sire of the 1985 National Champion Mare Atinada. Pitable was another of Gacho’s sons that showed limited success as a sire. His son Jornalero was runner-up in the 1962 Champion, and he was ranked in the top 10 in five different years, occupying the top slot in 1964. Pitable also sired Cardal, who was not only a good halter and rienda horse, but also sired Equivoco, the sire of the 1952 Champion of Chile, Jovencita. This bloodline continues to pop up in the National Championships, as Pitable’s greatgrandson Barbeta was runner-up in the Champion of Chile and twice ranked the highest for performance stallions in 1983 and 1985. Barbeta siring Tranquerita has provided some assurance that there is more to come. This nimble mare was second-runner-up Champion mare in 1986. Pichón is another of Gacho’s sons that has put out some decent performance horses. Collar was respected as both a corralero and a rienda horse. Pichón’s son Atájalo was a striking specimen with a lot of breed type that was a regional rienda champion in 1952. He, in turn, sired Polvadera, who ranked in the top 10 of Chilean Rodeo in three different years. Tundere, by Gacho, inherited much of his sire’s drafty coarseness. He is not mentioned as a result of his own performance laurels, but was assured a spot in the history books for his siring of Mandil. This stallion had the looks to win “Sello de la Raza” in the Champion of Talca, and was also known as a solid cowhorse. As can be seen, the strength of the Gacho line is limited to a trickling of sporadic success rather than solid branches that fortify Gacho’s influence with each new generation. If there is hope for things to change, it will be through the Colibrí branch, since this is, by far, the strongest sector of the Gacho lineage. Colibrí was by Gacho’s son Guarapo, a regional Halter Champion. Although Guarapo produced some decent cowhorses, his main contribution will always be the fact that he is the sire of the talented chestnut Colibrí. His owner, Ángel Caballero, showed this blaze-faced, long-backed horse with the sickle hocks of a good cowhorse. Although he proved a capable corralero, Colibrí outdid himself as a stallion when standing at Criadero Colin. The unusual dominance in a foundation line that has not shown a great deal of influence in the breed may be explained by the fact that Colibrí was a product of a 1S X 2D inbreeding. Colibrí’s dam Nación was a daughter of his sire Guarapo. The concentration of genes undoubtedly proved beneficial in performing his duty at stud. In spite of being on a farm with a small number of mares, he gave rise to the most important branch of the Gacho line. In the Nationals held in Talca in 1968, there was a team of horses that were both sired by Colibrí. Today, both of these horses, Jalea Real and Nunca en Domingo, are well known in breeding circles. Jalea Real sired the good horses Luchín, Amancay and Jaloneo, as well the mares Jacinta and Nunca Jamás. Luchín has shown siring ability, as he has had Manolo, Bandolero and Recuerdo, all horses that have made the top 10 in the ranking of performance stallions. Before his untimely death, Manolo was proving an excellent sire of corraleros, and

Figure II.287 National Champion Atinada (1976) pins the steer while her partner Rumena observes



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hopefully another Luchín son, Lucero, will continue to do the same as he won the Champion of Chile in 2003 and proved his merits in the medialuna of Rancagua.

Nunca en Domingo has also gone on to become the most powerful representative of the Gacho line, and offers breeders an interesting outcross from the widely used Guante I line. In 1987, he was considered the second-best stud in Chile, based on the number of progeny he had participating in the Nationals. He has sired horses like Afuerino (second-runner-up in the Champion of Chile), Borra (finalist in the National Finals), Borracho en Domingo, Chamaco (fourth best corralero in 1978) Contubernio en Domingo (an extremely talented corralero),Diabólico en Domingo, Director en Domingo, Estallero en Domingo, Fabuloso en Domingo (national finalist), Funcional en Domingo, Grandioso en Domingo,

Piluche en Domingo, Presidente en Domingo, Qué Te Importa a Vos, Ratero en Domingo and Qué Más Da en Domingo. There is good reason to think that Nunca en Domingo will, at some point, be named a “chef de race” of the breed. This branch of the Gacho line is fast being associated with the ability to put out good performance horses. Already, Director en Domingo is the sire of Champion of Chile Consejero. Likewise, Nunca en Domingo’s son Borracho en Domingo sired the well-known Champion of Chile Rico Raco. Twice, Rico Raco was voted the second-best performance stallion in the country. Borracho en Domingo is also the sire of Dedal de Oro, a good stallion that was second- runner-up in the Champion of Chile in 1993. Ratero en Domingo has sired Relámpago (best performance stallion in 1991), Tío Chivo (second in top 10 ranking), Ramalazo (top 10 ranking and national finalist) Cabo de Hornos (top 10 ranking), and Rotoso (national finalist). Qué Más Da en Domingo is another Nunca en Domingo son that has sired a top 10 ranking mare, Esperanza. Tomaito, a grandson of Nunca en Domingo, has sired the great cowhorse Lolero, a five-time top 10 ranker and first in that classification in 1996. Although the Nunca en Domingo branch is mostly recognized as a strong performance line, most of the individuals therein are recognized as corraleros with a lot of breed type, although they have an underlying reputation as being very strong of character and harder than normal to train. There are a couple of horses that have distinguished themselves for their conformational attributes to the breed. Ratero en Domingo is out of the tremendous mare Galopera, and he often got individuals that had their sire’s good looks. His daughter Codiciada was Champion Mare at Expo FISA in 1980. Escombro, a son of Ratero en Domingo, is another stallion that got very good-looking offspring. His son Ballenero was voted Best of Breed in Expocar 1996. His daughter Campana was Champion Filly at the Expo Carabineros. The youngest branch of Colibrí stems from Siempre Domingo. Although not a very prolific line of quality horses it is responsible for the back- to- back Champion of Chile, Papayero. This imposing horse left numerous progeny in Chile before being sold to Brazil as a result he offers yet another alternative to linebreed to the influential Colibrí. In summary, the Gacho line is one that, until recent years, has probably had a diminishing contribution in the breed. Its presence in a lot of pedigrees is more assured by the maternal ties it has had in the Guante I and Africano line. To date, it has 119 important representatives of the breed and five (4.2 percent of representatives) Champions of Chile. Sixty percent of these have come from the Nunca en Domindo branch. Unfortunately, this is the only real strength

Figure II.288 Que Mas Da en Domingo (1979) was a successful sire of performance horses.



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that is left for the Gacho line to continue having an impact on the breed. As a general rule, this line puts out horses with a lot of substance that are well conformed and possess a lot of breed type, but not quite the caliber to be halter champions. There is little doubt that this is more of a performance line and most of the elite performance genes are found in the Colibrí branch.

Chamal

The founder of this Chamal line is horse with a very distinct phenotype. Two of Chamal’s qualities that are still seen in his descendants many generations down are extremely thick and wavy tails and tufts, and smaller, semi-convex heads. His conformation was appreciated in his day, as he was a halter winner in many of the shows he participated in. It seems the attributes of good looks have passed down consistently in this line that is full of Champion halter horses, but less endowed with high caliber corraleros than other foundation lines. At 1.44 m (14.1 hands) of height and with a thick build all the way around, Chamal definitely must have been on the high end of the range of corporal weight for the breed. Although he had a lot of mass, he was not very tightly wound in muscle definition. His low neck-to-shoulder union is a very typical characteristic in much of the Chilean Horse breed. His cresty neck was thick throughout. It tied in low onto the chest and was rather thick in the throatlatch as well. In keeping with the desirable makeup of a Chilean Horse, the top line of his neck did flow in smoothly over his withers. On this rather coarse structure, he had a head that was more refined than is normal in the breed. His shorter nose and small muzzle are distinctive of the Chamal line. He had very good bone, good structural conformation, and more feather on his fetlocks than is typical in the Chilean Horse. It is said that his temperament was very laid back, or almost a bit dull, and this may hint to a slightly different origin. I doubt there is a foundation sire that carries more possibility of the Castellano/Aragón blood than Chamal. In fact, if one assumes that these are the genes capitalized on by the Peruvians in creating the Peruvian Paso breed, one can even see a certain similarity between Chamal and this breed. By far, the greatest influence from this line traces back to Gañancito. This stallion has much of his sire’s type, in spite of being out of a granddaughter of Cristal I. Like his sire, Gañancito was an excellent halter horse. Evidently, he was also a good corralero. He had much of the needed courage to pin hard, but his enthusiasm also overrode his responsiveness to the bit. Ironically, having produced many good horses such as Aleteo, Cantiflas, Corral, Jaquimon

Figure II.289 Two representatives of the Gacho line, Rico Raco (1977) and Papayero (1978), won back- to- back Champions of Chile.

Figure II.290 The great broodmare sire Gañancito (1935) is responsible for about everything that is noteworthy in the Chamal line.



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and the beautiful Chamolí, it was one of his smaller sons, Lircay that did the most to pass on the Gañancito genes. Lircay’s dam is by Espejo, another son of Cristal I, showing more evidence for an apparent nick between the Chamal and Guante I lines. This 4S X 3D inbreeding to Cristal I can be seen in a more cylindrical barrel than is typical of the Chamal lineage. However, Lircay maintained the seal of his grandsire’s beautiful head and thick mane and tuft. Although he had a weaker loin and hindquarters than either the Chamal or Guante I line, he did possess the smooth muscling that is typical of Chamal descendants. His conformation was appreciated enough that he was a Grand Champion Halter Horse at Temuco in 1948. He also passed on his appealing looks, as his son Falucho was Halter Champion in that same city.

In spite of the fact that little is mentioned about his performing abilities, it is Lircay that has done the most to promote the corralero ability in the Chamal line. The questionable ability of his sons to breed on and the many examples of good female families would tend to indicate that Lircay is more of a filly and broodmare sire. Interestingly, two of his daughters teamed up with a mare called Aceitada in different years and came away with a Champion of Chile title. Pluma did it in 1961, and Flecha did it five years later in 1966. A Lircay son named Bribon followed in his sire’s footsteps by being best remembered as the sire of an

outstanding corralero filly, Indiana that ranked in the top 10. By later producing Indiana II, she also proved her worth as a broodmare. Similar merits are seen in other Bribon daughters such as the excellent broodmare Iberia, who foaled Escondido, and Espiga, the dam of Mordisco. Cantinfla is by Gañancito, and his looks are definitely a throwback to his grandsire. His balanced, homogenously thick, smooth-muscled conformation gives him an uncanny similarity to Chamal. Like his sire and grandsire, he was a Champion halter horse. He was also a Champion rienda horse. At stud in the Criadero Idahue, Cantinfla produced another great halter horse in Junco that consistently won halter championships in the three years that he competed. More evidence of the merits of breed type is evident in the fact that a son of Cantinfla was chosen as a gift for the president of Brazil. Reinforcing the broodmare sire status of the Gañancito line, Cantinfla produced Harapienta, who is the dam of the good corraleros Hapapo and Ajiaco. Regardless of the tendency of bloodlines, occasionally you can get a gene combination that clicks, and suddenly an atypically outstanding individual can appear as a performance phenomenon, or dominant sire, or both. Such must be the case of El Huila. Not much can be said of his sire Parcelero, other than the fact he was a decent cowhorse. His grandsire Aleteo, in keeping with the tendency of this branch of the Chamal line, was renowned as a tremendous broodmare sire. We have already mentioned that most of the merits of his great-grandsire Gañancito were in the ambit of halter competition. Yet, El Huila is considered one of the greatest corraleros of all time! In keeping with horses like Flotador, Estribo, Reservado and Bellaco, Huila was one of those unique horses with the charisma to be a crowd favorite. This black horse that stood 1.41 m (13.3 hands) had it all. He was full of breed type, had a wonderful disposition, was as fast as they come in the medialuna and he possessed an incredible desire to pin… and pin hard. This exuberant energy in pinning is what won the loyalty of his fans. For seven years, El Huila was in the top 10 ranking of performance stallions. Incredibly, five of those years he topped the list. About the only thing El Huila did not accomplish was to win a Champion of Chile. The

Figure II.291 Cantinfla (1944) was Grand Champion at halter, 3x’s runner up in the Nat’l Champ. rodeo and Nat’l Champ. in Rienda.



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closest he came was a second-runner-up in 1970. He even had the great horse Zapateado as a teammate during part of his career, but the coveted prize of Champion of Chile evaded him until the end. Unlike many top horses, El Huila did not have an elite rider aboard, and many people felt he performed in spite of his rider rather than because of him. Regardless of how true this may be, there is no denying that the many subtle differences between winning and coming up short would surely have benefited from a rider whose talents were more respected.

As a sire, El Huila has shown that he can pass along his class. His son El Huilino has reached the top 10 ranking on two occasions. Tranco Largo is another son that has also been rated in the top 10. His son Ñachi was good enough to qualify for the Champion of Chile, but was retired early to a stud career in the Criadero El Trapiche in Los Angeles. This is another example of a Chamal line horse that nicked well with the Guante I line, as his dam Ña Josefa is a daughter of Guardián. El Tordo has also qualified for the Champion of Chile, although he has not been particularly competitive against the best. As is often the case with extraordinary performers, many people feel that El Huila did not live up to the high expectations they had for him at stud. In being realistic about his

pedigree, one would have to say he has done quite a bit for a Chamal line horse and perhaps the expectations for him should be in his value as a broodmare sire. The Chamal line will always contribute strongly desired breed characteristics: the neat; short semi-convex head; low neck to head union; incredibly thick forelock, tuft and tail; deep girth and body mass; good overall balance and sound structural conformation. It is crucial to realize how much importance good conformation has in the utility of a breed. The Chamal line may not be as gifted as other sire lines in the variety of dominant performance sires it produces. Having said that, I feel that there is promise in the genes of El Huila that mysteriously came together to offer one of the best corralero horses of all times. We are still in time to concentrate these genes through intelligent inbreeding, and any horse that proves to be a good performer should be a prime candidate for producing fillies that should do wonders in broodmare bands used on Guante I sire lines. There will always be a justification for incorporating Chamal blood into the Chilean Horse gene pool. The Chamal blood will assure the good foundation of solid physical attributes upon which performance ability should be built. However, as important as this contribution is to the breed, oftentimes broodmare sire lines are not planned as carefully or promoted as aggressively as they should be, since, for the most part, they are less commercial. Progressive breeders who are looking for long-term success would do well to take heed of this type of consideration in their broodmare bands.

Halcón II

Pedro de la Cuevas was one of the old breeders of the Chilean Horse from the 19th century. Horses such as Caldeado (1835), El Halcón I (1854) and Bayo León (1858) all founded a line of horses that are to this day referred to as “Cuevano” horses, because they originated from that famous breeding farm. The next foundation sire line I would like to refer to -- the Halcón II line -- is based on one such “Cuevano” horse. The grandsire Halcón I (1854) was bred and owned by Don Pedro de la Cuevas and the sire Rabicano (1870) and Halcón II himself are credited to his relative Miguel Cuevas. Not much is written about Halcón II, but luckily there are old faded photographs of this grand horse. He was obviously drastically underweight when he was photographed, but it still serves to give us an idea of his conformation. If we assume that some Barb blood made its way to the Americas through the importation of horses with the influence of the Spanish Barb or the Berber horses themselves that crossed the Strait of Gibraltar with the Moorish invasion of the

Figure II.292 Popular opinion would certainly choose El Huila (1963) to be one of the best corraleros ever.



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Iberian Peninsula, then some horses with Halcón II’s conformation must have made up the origins of the equine in the Americas. Halcón II had a distinct type of conformation as compared to other foundation sires. This dark dun horse was of a leggier stature, with a narrow girth and cylindrical barrel. He possessed a weak loin, a short sloping croup and a low tail set. His head was narrower in width, clearly convex in profile, with a longer nose that terminates in a medium-sized muzzle with well-incrusted nostrils. His neck was thin. He had a higher neck-to-shoulder union than is typical in the Chilean Horse breed and, as a result, a higher head carriage. His tail was thick, but not as abundant as some of the other foundation lines. Structurally, his profile was sound. His shoulder and pasterns were slightly upright and his lack of muscle definition would indicate a horse with a great deal of stamina. For all practical purposes, we could be describing the type of horse that has dominated the Barbary Coast throughout recorded history. It seems clear that Halcón II brought in some refinement into the Chilean Horse breed of the 19th century. The result was felt in his strong influence in putting out good halter and rienda horses, which were probably of a more energetic nature. His most productive sons were Recuerdo and Retinto, however the Retinto branch propagated itself more.

This black 1911 model was a much-improved version of his sire. He had a shorter and thicker neck that carried a shorter, more attractive, less convex head. Retinto was a much more muscular horse than his sire, but maintained the overall balance of structural components that his sire displayed so well. His eye appeal was made official when he won the first prize for saddle horses in the Santiago Fair of 1916. Retinto had the ability to produce extraordinary fillies. Many of his daughters were the foundation for the Criadero Las Camelias of Darío Pavez, Criadero Sexta de Longavi of César Rozas and Criadero Curiche of Estanislao Anguita. Mares such as Las Tablas, (who was a superb corralera), La Zurzula (who was dam of the great Arozamena who produced five notable cowhorses), Huacha II (don César Rozas’s famous Champion rienda mare), Oscura, Plateada, and many others.

As is often the case with sires of good broodmares, Retinto did not produce dominating sons to carry on his line. Ernesto Cuevas was the breeder of the dun horse Milagro, who was a modest stallion mainly remembered for siring the great rienda mare Lorna. However, his most significant contribution was having the dappled dun son Cacareo. Cacareo was more of a throwback to his great-grandfather Halcón II, in that he was much less muscled, more cylindrical of barrel, and weaker in the loin than Retinto. Still, he had a lot of presence, with a beautiful neck and an incredibly attractive head. Perhaps Cacareo should have been the origin of truly good cowhorse genes in the Halcón II line. Yet, as a sire, he had a much greater tendency to put out competitive halter horses, almost all of which possessed his characteristically beautiful head. The exception was Cascarón, who certainly inherited some of his sire’s “cow savvy” and ability. However, this credit must be shared with his dam, Cocera, who was a daughter of a full brother to the dam of Quebrado. Once again, it shows how much these lines that are stronger in conformation can benefit from crossing over to the proven performance sectors of the breed. When enough generations elapse in the continual search for better performance animals, the tendency of a line can slowly be changed somewhat. Llavero is one such example in the Halcón II line. This bay stallion is eight generations removed from Halcón II. Yet, Llavero

Figure II.293 The daughters of Retinto (1911) made many farms famous.

Figure II.294 Cacareo (1930) was a sire of many excellent halter horses.



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showed he was a good corralero. He reached the fourth steer in the national finals in three different years. He was also thrice voted into the top 10 for performance stallions. Even so, we can’t get away from the tendency of siring fillies. Llavero has had only one son of real merit, Tío Pedro. On the other hand, he sired Clave, who was not only a great corralera, but also a broodmare who is remembered for producing Rotita. Llavero also sired the good producer Laucha, who is the dam of Regalona, and Fonda, the dam of Rotoso II. Guillermo Cuevas is responsible for the only other branch of the Halcón II line. He is the breeder of the dark dun horse Recuerdo (1915). He was known for being the sire of the Champion rienda mare, Vanidad. However, Recuerdo’s best stock horse was a stallion. This son Bombito was a good corralero horse that had more breed type than his grandsire, but maintained his narrow head width, his weaker loin and his less than ideal muscle definition. Bombito was a dark bay stallion that stood at stud at Carlos Prado’s Criadero Chancón. His most memorable accomplishment at stud was having sired the famous mare Secretaria that teamed up with Arrocito to win many rodeo championships. The females definitely seem to dominate the scene in the Halcón II line. In the end, the screening process of what breeds on in the Chilean Horse seems to always get back to how much ability can be shown in the medialuna. The lines that are lacking in results are doomed to die out if serious efforts aren’t made to try to reinforce them with the primary purpose of this breed, which is to drive and pin cattle!! As a result, it is important that the well-bred representatives of these vanishing lines that have a definite predisposition to be broodmare sires be given every opportunity to show their worth in the half-moon arenas. For this, they will need the best supporting cast throughout their upbringing, training and competing. We cannot afford to have these precious genes go by the wayside in a sport where environment plays a very influential role in expressing genetic potential.

Bayo León

The Chilean Horse breed reached the desired definition of type when, in 1858, a dun colt was delivered. For some reason, the credit of breeder was given to the owner of the stallion Caldeado. It is true that Mr. Pedro de la Cuevas was the instigator of the cross, but the owner of the mare was Mr. Ignacio Fuenzalida. In many areas and eras, the breeder is considered the owner of the farm where the foal is born. This must have been the case when this impressive foal was born. Regardless of who deserves the credit as breeder, the resulting foal was named Bayo León, and his seeing the first light of day in Chile made a tremendous impact on this native breed. Caldeado (1835) was a tall, muscular, dark bay with zebra stripes on his legs. As has already been mentioned, Caldeado was one of the cornerstones of the Cuevano horses. Caldeado is thought to be the sire of the famous Quebrado (1850) that is found in both the third and fourth generations of Angamos I. More specifically, Caldeado was a product of the breeding plan of the famous horse breeder, Pedro de la Cuevas. Conscientiously, he was trying to produce a line of Chilean Horses that had the speed required for match racing. Caldeado met the expectations of being a very speedy horse, but his coarse looks left a lot to be desired. Not much is known about Bayo León’s dam, but her name “La Baya” simply means “the dun”, so we can assume that that was her coat color. It is stated in the literature (El Caballo Chileno 1541 a 1914 by U. Prado pgs. 333-335) that this was a truly beautiful mare that was admired by everyone in the region of Linares. La Baya was an unusually harmonious, very muscular mare, with well-rounded quarters, a beautiful head and neck, and was as even-tempered as the best Cuevano horses. Due to her conformational strengths, Mr. Cuevas convinced his good friend Mr. Fuenzalida to breed her to his fast stud horse that was so lacking in physical appeal. Bayo León matured into an outstanding-looking specimen, and set precedent as to what the ideal breed type should be like. Standing slightly more than 1.48 m (14.2+ hands), he was at the upper range of the specifications for the breed. Since many of the horse fairs of those days required that saddle horses be a minimum of 1.46 m to compete, it was very advantageous to have a sire of this size in order for the Chilean Horse to gain the desired public recognition.



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Bayo León was a very well balanced horse. He had a deep girth and was an extremely well-muscled individual that displayed his power even more when he was in movement. His small head distinguished him, but it maintained the semi-convex head profile of the breed. He was well proportioned through the neck, and had a low union to the shoulder. Bayo León had the lighter bone and smaller hooves of his sire, characteristics that facilitated the same prowess for speed. Bayo León was a prolific breeder, as one would suspect in a horse of his vitality. For 20 years, he stood in the commercial center of Loncomilla, where he was bred with a wide assortment of mare types. They came from as far as south as Chillán and as far north as Talca. In those years, it was said that all the corralero and bush track horses between the rivers Lontué and Bío Bío were of Bayo León breeding. His sons were the favorite form of payment for buying steers (geldings by Bayo León were exchanged for thirty cows), and unprecedented values were placed on these stallions. Many Argentines that came for commercial exchanges with Chile took back sons of Bayo León to the areas of Neuquén, Cañada Colorada and San Rafael (Mendoza) as the famous stud was now gaining an international reputation. The main criterion for the members of his court seemed to be that the mares be speedy racers. During the middle of the 19th century, match racing was the fever of the horsemen from the central and southern parts of Chile. This increased Bayo León’s popularity and concentrated his genes in the racing sectors of the Chilean Horse breed. However, it also meant that little effort was made to cross him with mares that could fortify the outstanding phenotype that was concentrated in this monumental dun. When Pedro de la Cuevas passed away in 1861, the entire Chilean Horse breed suffered a decline in the progress it had been making. Sadly, the breed did not begin to recuperate from this total abandonment until 30 years later. Nowhere was this more evident than in the management of the reproductive career of Bayo León. The absence of the great breeder Pedro de la Cuevas no longer gave a homogenous direction to the genealogical molding he had so carefully planned for in the breeding of this great horse that came to represent perfection for the breed. The fact that Bayo León was the product of two very dissimilar individuals assured that he was a source of inconsistent gene heterozygosity. When what was needed most was to fortify his type with similarly conformed animals, the haphazard barrage of mares bred to him only assured an ample range of breed type in his offspring.

Often, Bayo León’s progeny had the coarseness of his sire Caldeado. Others had the smaller stature and weaker loin of his dam. Rarely was the imprint of the ideal combination of his two progenitors seen stamped on his offspring. The one common factor seemed to be speed, and that was frequently present in his progeny. For example, Purapel was a purebred Chilean Horse that only measured 1.40 m (13.3 hands), yet he demonstrated a speed in short distances that was not equaled by Thoroughbreds for years in Chile. Those among Bayo León’s offspring that did not have enough speed to be competitive in racing were specialized in rodeo competition. This sport had still not obtained a

widespread popularity, but the Bayo León blood was known to dominate this performance event as well. Bayo León was not tried as a cowhorse, but he did have a great mouth and his ability as a rienda horse was second only to his skill as a racer. With his incredible docile temperament, intelligence and speed, it must be suspected that driving and pinning cows would not have been beyond his capabilities.

Figure II.295 Through Azogue (1897) the genes of Bayo Leon have reached the present, albeit only through maternal influences.



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The following anecdote about Bayo León taken from Uldaricio Prado’s book describes many of his positive traits: A large group of people came to visit Mr. Fuenzalida during the breeding season when the stallion was in heavy use. While the host took care of some guests in his house, a group of curious admirers surrounded Bayo León, who was waiting patiently, tied and saddled, in front of the house. As a popular request was made to see him show off his speed, a nephew of Mr. Fuenzalida proudly offered to make a run with the horse for their entertainment. Upon mounting the horse, he asked for a

run and the muscular dappled dun accelerated unexpectedly to his top speed. Around 200 yards from the house, the boy asked the horse to stop, and upon the slightest pull on the

reins, Bayo León stopped so abruptly that he sent the young rider catapulting over his head. On the trajectory out of the saddle, the rider’s spurs got hung up on the leather collar of the martingale, and the boy ended up hanging upside down between the horse’s forelegs. Rather than panicking, Bayo León stood there patiently while the boy pulled out a pocketknife and twisted around, cutting himself free from the leather strap. The incident was of no surprise to Mr. Fuenzalida, who typically left his kitchen door open so the horse could come in and clean up the scraps of bread that were left on his table. His was a very personal relationship with his gentle and trusted horse. * Up until the age of 22, every year Bayo León would sire more than 30 progeny. Although his fertility declined thereafter, at the age of 31 he still was putting out nine new foals per year (this means that he should have had over 600 progeny between 1858 and 1891). In his last year, under the care of Francisco A. Encina, as a 33-year-old, he was still an extremely energetic horse. In fact, his unfortunate death came as a result of his trying to jump over a six-foot fence that contained him in a small paddock. Almost all the modern paternal influence of Bayo León comes through his son Coipo (1878). This 140 cm (13.3 hands) dun was a smaller version of his sire. Coipo was structurally very correct, except for the short pasterns and slight sickle hocks that are really an appreciated make up in this breed. In spite of the good muscling, Coipo lacked a proportionate amount of strength below the pin bones of his hind leg. Still, he was an uncommon offspring of Bayo León in that he had the combination of speed, strength and balanced conformation. Unfortunately, Copio was exported to Argentina by General Rufino Ortega. There, he gained a widespread reputation. Not until he was a 20- year-old was Mr. Francisco Encina able to recuperate the horse for Chilean breeders. The Coipo son of merit that carried on the family line to modern day bloodlines was Azogue (1897). This excellent saddle horse was as big as his grandsire Bayo León. With a very similar physique to his sire, including the hind leg conformation, he did differ in having a large, more convex head. His coarseness was also evidenced in his thicker skin than Coipo. True to his Cuevano breeding, Azogue had a very docile temperament, while being a willing worker. Azogue put out an assortment of good mares such as Adelfa, Afeitada, Gelatina and Haba. Azogue also sired the stallions Charavique, Cisne, Diamelo, Monitor and Neptuno, but his best producing son was a 1915 model dun named Zurdo. This stallion proved himself a good broodmare sire. His daughter Lechona is the dam of the famous Lechón. Crema, who was inbred to Bayo León, produced Macedonia, the dam of Volador I. Zurdo´s son Fullero stood at stud at the Hacienda Aculeo and is the grandsire of No Me Toques. He also sired the good daughters Cobija, Cachuelo, Camote and Comparsa. * Prado, Uldaricio, (1914). El Caballo Chileno, 1541 a 1914, Estudio Zootécnico e Histórico Hípico, Imprenta Santiago, pp. 341-342



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Realizing how much animal breeding genius went into producing a horse like Bayo León, and then having the improbable good fortune to have such an exceptional individual result from such an effort, it’s truly a shame that breeders did not capitalize more on this horse. It is clear that as much as the trajectory of the horse is remembered, his legacy is more a product of his own fame as an individual than it is as a source of dominant genes in the contemporary version of the breed. Like the grand racehorse Man O’ War, there have been admiring breeders that have tried to concentrate his genes in pedigrees that see his name many generations in the past. Unfortunately, line breeding that far back is rarely a productive endeavor. The reality we are forced to accept is that his influence is not what any of us would have liked it to be.

Mancha

One of the original families of the Chilean Horse in the early part of the 19th century was known as the Quilamutano horses. Manuel Errazuriz was the breeder of one of the early representatives of the Quilamutano horses, Choroy I. A select group of mares from this family were used in the Criadero El Cardonal belonging to Alejandro García-Huidobro. With time, these horses were specifically referred to as Cardonalinos. The two most important stallion used in the Criadero El Cardonal were Burro (1860) and Mancha (1865) Uldaricio Prado assures us that both were of Cuevano breeding. The latter was a grey stallion that is best known for being the sire of the dun horse Tucapel (1887). Tucapel lived to be 26 years old, and his best sons were the stallions Cacique and Golondrina. The black horse Golondrina, who was born in 1905, was the product of crossing two grey families. His dam Cardonalina, by Sirena, also came from a family with many grey horses. Andrés Huidobro sold the horse to Alberto González in a sale that also ran through the ring the extraordinary horses Gacho and Africano. Pedro Juan Espinoza took Golondrina to Pataguas, where his name was changed to Contri. Contri’s (ex-Golondrina) new owners held him in very high esteem. Although he wasn’t a very big horse, he had more daylight under him, as he was a leggier individual. He had prominent withers that stood higher than the hip, and a neck that was a tad too short. He was also remembered for having fine bone, strangled tendons, short pasterns and good hooves. Contri (ex-Golondrina) had a lot of breed type with a thick mane tuft and tail and a short muzzled, slightly convex facial profile. Contri (ex-Golondrina) sired many good corralero horses that were sought out as the best competitors in the driving and pinning circles of the day. His daughters Ración, Tablilla and Taimada were all good stock horses. The latter produced the good colt Taimado and the halter champion Lorena who, in turn, was the dam of Picaporte. Golondrina’s best son at stud was Anteojo, a dark bay horse born in 1923 that belonged to Pedro Juan Espinoza. This was a beautifully balanced individual with a gorgeous neck and head. Anteojo was not particularly muscled and slightly cylindrical in the barrel, but he was well proportioned overall. This stallion also showed a lot of breed type. Anteojo did get a good son in the stallion Timbal, which was bred in the Criadero Las Pataguas in 1933. Later, he was switched over to Don Carlos Prado Amor’s Criadero Chacón. There, he proved his worth as a broodmare sire, and the breeding farm put back into production good daughters such as Jacinta, Isleña, Mina and Prisionera. Still, in 1938, he came out with another nice stallion in Leoncillo. Little can be said of this line in the last 60 years, and it seems very unlikely that any paternal representatives exist that will offer much fortitude to the direction the modern breed is heading in.

Figure II.296 Contri (ex-Golondrina) (1905) originates from “cuevano” breeding.



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Excellent Young Stallion Performers

With a breed that has such a long preparatory and performance stage and that also has a low number of mares bred per stallion, many years elapse before results permit certain stallions to rise to excellence. Although occasionally successful new studs can come from the ranks of the horses that were not chosen or were unable to compete in the Chilean Rodeo, the great majority have been horses that have stood out in the half-moon arena. For this reason, I have made up a list of excellent young stallions that have performed in the recent past, from which more than one outstanding sire of the future will undoubtedly reach national fame. Name YOB Reg.# Sire Line Breeder Acampao 1995 135844 Guante I Remo Yaconi M. Agravio 1993 127203 Angamos I Benjamín G. Huidobro Ahí No Mas 1994 126474 Guante I Eleuterio Silva Amuleto 1983 90463 Guante I Ramón Cardemil M. Barrilete 19?? 110889 Guante I Alberto Schwalm B. Cadejo 1987 103225 Guante I Ramón Cardemil M. Campo Bueno II 1987 99623 Guante I José Manuel Pozo M. Canteado 1986 97907 Guante I Italo Zunino M. Chacoli 1990 112956 Guante I Sergio Tamayo O. Contento 1990 110726 Guante I Ricardo de la Fuente Destape 1995 136320 Guante I Agustín Edwards E. El Concho 19?? 116243 Guante I José Manuel Pozo M. Escabullido 1985 94779 Guante I Agustín Edwards E. Escándalo 1990 114541 Guante I Agustín Edwards E. Escarabajo 1996 132089 Guante I Leonardo García S. Escobajo 1994 131365 Angamos I Hector Pezoa R. Escorpión 1984 90988 Guante I Agustín Edwards E. Espectador 1989 109088 Guante I Agustín Edwards E. Espejo 1988 102292 Guante I Agustín Edwards E. Espuelazo 1992 118821 Guante I Leonardo García S. Estancado 1994 122615 Guante I Luis Ellwanger II Estandarte 1986 97794 Guante I Agustín Edwards E. Estruendo 1995 137700 Guante I Italo Zunino M. Fantastico 1997 146278 Guante I Agustín Edwards E. Faro 19?? 113790 Guante I Ricardo Mohr S. Filtrado 1988 105538 Guante I Ramón Cardemil M. Flotador 1998 148795 Angamos I Hector Pezoa R. Fugitivo 1988 105535 Guante I Ramón Cardemil M. Guindo 1990 114854 Guante I Italo Zunino M. Indio 1984 93954 Guante I Lino Barbieri C. Lucero 1994 122869 Gacho Luis Ellwanger W. Malulo 1996 142141 Guante I Italo Zunino M. Mañungo 1984 90320 Guante I Manuel Jiménez C. Melí 1996 130383 Africano Jorge Barrientos Naquenveque 1986 98074 Guante I Cristian Piino F. Níspero 1992 117908 Africano Gonzalo Vial V. Orayon 1994 130863 Guante I Diego Pacheco Platanito 1995 135375 Guante I P. & A. Bartolome Plebiscito 1988 100830 Guante I Rojas Hermanos Pretal 1986 97910 Guante I Italo Zunino M. Que Pinta 1994 132902 Gacho César Nuñez V. Regalón 1992 122265 Guante I Mario Díaz P. Remezón 1989 106738 Angamos I Martín Weil K. Rosquero Pocoa 1991 121565 Africano Eduardo J.Pozo M. Talento 1991 117335 Guante I Agustín Edwards E. Venenoso 1983 88931 Guante I Soc. Agri. Santa Rita



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Outstanding Broodmares of the Breed

All breeds have their “blue hens” and the Chilean Horse is no exception. Each of these famous mares has an interesting story of noteworthy progeny that have left their mark on the breed. As much as I would enjoy sharing the accomplishments of these unforgettable producers, it would take too much space to do them justice. Notwithstanding, some of their accomplishments have been included in the text of this chapter, as well as the preceding chapter on breeders. The fact is that the realm of influence of broodmares is much more limited than that of stallions, due to the marked difference in the number of offspring throughout their lifetime. The point of this chapter is to help new Chilean Horse enthusiasts recognize the outstanding horses of the breed, and thus get a sense of the quality of a pedigree. In keeping with this objective, I would like to at least give you a list of names of broodmares that everybody would agree are among the best of the breed. I will list these mares in alphabetical order so as to not insinuate any order of importance. Beside each mare, I will stipulate her registration number and the foundation sire line that the mare belongs to. Below, I will include any inbreeding in the first six generations and an alphabetical list of their progeny. Of course, interested parties should take the time to study the maternal influence of these individuals, as well. The most important maternal qualities are passed on the X chromosome that corresponds to the dams of the mares in question and their sire’s dam. Some mares that deserve special consideration when seen in pedigrees are: Amargura (1967) No. 49505, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 3X4 Enchufe, 6X4X5 Cristal I, 5X6 Huicano, 5X6 Haragan, 5X6 Retinto, 6X6 Curanto, 6X6 Alfil II, 6X6 Cóndor I Progeny: Amarguita, Banderilla, Bandolero, Cachuita, Cadejo, Dichosa, Don Arturo, Entallado, Filtrado, Jardinera, Satanás Arozamena (1927) No. 3712, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 2X5 Alfill II, 3X3 Chilena Progeny: Aristocrata, Cotorra, Cronica, Mantera, Perita, Politica, Refuerzo, Soplido, Zandunguera Berlina (1943) No.11465, Africano line Inbreeding: 3X4 Africano, 3X6 Cristal I Progeny: Acampadita, Berlin, Borrico, Desdén, Endemonia, Esperado, Gustosa, Juguetona, Linda Luna, Zapateado Borra (1974) No. 59003, Gacho line

Inbreeding: 3X4 Guarapo, 4X4 Pullaso, 5X6X4 Gacho, 4X5 Frisca, 5X5X6X6 Alfil II, 5X6X6 Sardina I, 6X6X5 Cristal I, 5X6X6X6 Milagro, 6X6X6X6 Angamos I, 6X6X6 Zanahoria, 6X6 Noble

Progeny: Borra II, Campo Bueno II, Corona, El Concho, Oportuna, Pasión, Pullazo, San Clemente, Tonada Buenamoza (1965) No. 46445, Guante I line Inbreeding: 4X4 Corzo, 5X5X5X6 Angamos I, 5X6X6 Cóndor I, 5X6 Chamal, 6X6 Codicia Progeny: Buen Mozo, Buen Muchacho, Buena Cosa, Buena Pinta, Camarera, Campo Lindo, Elegante, Enfática, Estampa, Misleta, Palenque, Venganza Chacarera (1962) No. 41210, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 3X5 Corzo, 4X5 Cristal I, 4X6X6 Angamos I, 5X6 Retinto Progeny: Arción, El Pinto, Esquiva, Hortelana, Jardinera, Payaso, Paraguayo, Ventolera Clementina (1964) No. 43825, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 3X4 Curanto, 4X5X5X6 Alfil II, 5X5X6X6X6X6 Angamos I, 5X5X6 Africano, 6X6 Codicia Progeny: Fabuloso, Guariqueque, Martingala, Ociosa, Perica, Que Chica, Raquelita, Solitario, Testera Codicia (1956) No.29670, Guante I Line Inbreeding: 4X5X6 Alfil II, 4X5 Alcatraz, 4X5 Cristal I, 5X5X5X6X6X6X6 Angamos I, 6X6X6X6 Codicia, 5X6 Tetera Progeny: Borra, Codiciada (54836), Codiciada (63419), Codiciosa, (36030) Codiciosa (56462) Contumberio en Domingo, Coquetona en Domingo



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Damajuana (1951) No. 20907, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 4X4 Alfil II, 4X4 Africano, 4X5X5X5X6 Angamos I, 5X5 Haragan Progeny: Andariega, Borracho en Domingo, Chamaco, Diplomático en Domingo, Director en Domingo, El Trauco Diabólico, Sediciosa en Domingo Endemonia (1961) No. 38061, Guante I line Inbreeding: 4X4X5 Cristal I, 4X4X6 Africano, 5X5 Alfil II Progeny: Chinita, El Diante, Embrujada, Endemoniado, La Secretada, Ña Diabla, Onofre, Qué Luna, Rigurosa Ficha (1971) No. 57880, Guante I line Inbreeding: 5X5X4X6 Alfil II, 4X5X5 Cristal I, 6X6X5X5X6X6 Angamos I, 5X6 Tetera, 5X6 Vicuña I, 6X6X6 Codicia Progeny: Amuleto, Arriesgada, Buscada, Cacique, Corajudo, Discreto, Esquinta, Fichero, Receso, Ruca, Sonata Fonolita (1937) No. 7197, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 2X3X4 Alfil II, 4X4 Mezcla, 5X6X6 Chino Viejo Progeny: Bisagra, Carambola, Chiripazo, Mala Cara, Mañanero, Petardo, Pistolera, Titanita, Rayuela Guadaba (1979) No. 73826, Guante I line Inbreeding: 3X4 Comunista, 4X5 Reñaca, 4X5 Alcatraz, 4X6 Enchufe Progeny: Agua Fuerte, Escarcha, Estandarte, Río Claro, Río Maípo, Río Negro, Rita Gualeta, (1968), No. 51561, Guante I Line Inbreeding: 3X5 Quebrado, 4X5X6 Cristal I, 5X5X4X6 Alfil II, 5X6 Haragan, 5X6 Sortija, 6X6X6X5X5 Angamos I, 6X6X5 Africano, 6X6 Codicia Progeny: Ajiaco, Bozal, Enaguita, Galponera, Gamuza, Gualeta II Guapetón, Piguchen, Pihuelo, Rodaja, Tostado Guinda (1976) No. 67059, Guante I line Inbreeding: 4X6 Tranquero Progeny: Albertio, Canteado, Cuatrero, Cuento, Curanteado, Estruendo, Galponera, Guapa, Guindao (91096), Guindao (132959), Guindo, Labriego, Moceton, Monona, Negrita, Sablazo, Vituperio Iberia (1970) No. 52776, Guante I line Inbreeding: 6X4X5 Cristal I, 5X5X6X6 Alfil II, 6X6X6 Angamos I, 6X6 Africano Progeny: Corpino, El Colgao, Escondido, Espiga, Estilete, Estrueno, Gran Contubernio, Ilusión, India, Indiano, Infiel, Insulto, Revista, Rufina Lolita (1971) No. 53455, Chamal line Inbreeding: 3X2 Aleteo, 5X3X4 Manantial, 5X4 Segador, 6X6X6X5 Africano, 6X6X4X5X6 Cristal I, 5X6 Mezcla Progeny: Baquetazo, Candela Escorial, Escorpión, Espontaneo, Estimada, Estocada, Fanático, Lolería, Lolero, Roto Lindo Maraña (1920) No. 2230, Guante I line Inbreeding: 5X6 Angamos I Progeny: Aurora ex -Anda Tarde, Encopa, En Forma, Gamo, Maraña, Marmota, Maromero, Mentita, Raptora Nutria (1963) No. 42368, Guante I line Inbreeding: 4X4 Alfil II, 4X5 Vicuña, 5X5X6 Cóndor I, 5X5X6X6 Angamos I, 6X6 Cardonalina Progeny: Cachazo, Retocada, Retoque Nutria 2 (1954) 25321, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 2X2 Guarda, 3X4 Alfil II, 4X5X5X5X5 Angamos I, 4X5X5 Africano Progeny: Cabrería, Cimarron, Despejado, Hornero, Llorona, Pulgas Bravas, Resquicio Ociosa (1975) No. 62084, Guante I line Inbreeding: 4X5X5 Cristal I, 4X5 Curanto, 4X6X6 Africano, 5X5X5X6X6 Alfil II Progeny: Acero, Asador, Banderilla, Carmela, Curiosa, Deleite, Desganada, Emeterio, Entorcha, Escándalo, Fanática, Rosamel Percala (1956) No. 28359, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 2X2 Guarda, 3X4 Alfil II, 4X5X5 Africano, 4X5X5X5X5 Angamos I Progeny: Bellaco, Chicuela, Primavera, Regalona, Zarca



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Piedraita (1948) No. 16725, Chamal line Inbreeding: 4X4X5 Condor I, 5X5X6X6X6 Angamos I, 5X5 Cardonalina Progeny: Cascarilla, Colegiala, Consentida, Desafio, Manicero, Nutria, Presumida, Punga, Quimera, Refresco II Qué Luna (1977) No. 67765, Gacho Line Inbreeding: 4X5 Guarapo, 5X5 Pullaso, 5X6X6X6 Gacho, 5X5 La República Progeny: Batuco, Coqueta, Domadura, Esperado, Es Tan Bueno, Fantasioso, Fortacho, Olguita, Talento, Tiento Raptora (1945) No. 13524, Guante I line Inbreeding: 3X3X6 Cristal I Progeny: Afanado, Bufita, Domingo en la Cumbre, Galopera, Huigan, La Morocha, Raptorcita, Ratero en Domingo, Remanso, Tranca, Tula, Tunduco, Ventisquero, Zanjon Reñaca (1927) No. 3684, Guante I line Inbreeding: none Progeny: Alcatraz II, Alentao, Antu-Cuna, Rebusque, Regador, Regadora, Reñaca II, Reparo (14098) Reparo (21054), Rigurosa, Rodada, Ronquera, Rudeza, Tan Linda Rigurosa (1932) No. 5062, Africano line Inbreeding: none Progeny: Egoista, Ñipán, Recacha, Rematada, Retoño, Rigor, Riguroso, Tandera Sanción (1936) No. 6758, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 4X4X4 Angamos I, 4X4 Mezcla Progeny: Hormiga, Inopia, Jugo, Licor, Matucho, Nutria 2, Olvido, Percala Sauzala (1969) No. 52860, Africano line Inbreeding: 4X4 Alcatraz, 5X6X6 Gacho, 6X6X6 Alfil II Progeny: Condena, Escobilla, Estaca, Evento, Farandulero, Guascazo, Pajarraca, Pinchazo, Pretal, Quilanto, Riendero, Rigurosa, Rigurosa II, Sauzalita Segadora (1954) No. 25402, Chamal line Inbreeding: 3X5 Choroy II, 4X4 Segador, 4X5X5X5 Africano, 5X5 Cóndor I, 5X6X6 Angamos I Progeny: Carcajada, Esperanza, Felpa, Morocho, Pelusa, Pilauco, Segador, Segadora, Segadora la Amanecida Talavera (1949) No. 18193, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 3X4X6 Cristal I, 4X5X6X6 Angamos I, Progeny: Airoso, Carcajada, Minifalda, Roble Huacho, Tabacón, Taco, Talamar, Talamera, Talavera II, Taberna, Talamar Torhuela, (1937) No. 7301, Angamos I line Inbreeding: 4X5 Angamos Progeny: Codiciada, Achicado, Buenas Noches, Enchufito, Purhuela, Don Raucha, Espinal, Pepilla, Maltita, Nochero, Cerruca, Pajarera, Don Rica Vienesa, (1955) No. 27501, Africano line Inbreeding: 2X3 Zancadilla, 3X3 Chicharron, 5X5X6X4X5 Alfil II, 5X5 Cristal I, 6X5X5X6X6X6X6 Angamos I Progeny: Vienesa II, Capricho II, Zancadilla, Picunta, Chamantita

Figura II.283 Breña

Fig. II.284 Cebollita

Figura II.285 Buenas Noches



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Figure II.297 – II.304 d) Mentita and Marmota e) Sanguinaria

f)Talavera g) Aculeguana h) Borra y Codiciosa i) Borra y Codiciosa

j) Birlonga II k) Copa 392 o Mezcla



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Figure II. 305 – II.312 k) Aclamacion m) Chistosa n) Princesa o) Argentina p) Raptora (Nº114320) q) Esquiva

r) Cuchi Cuchi s) Enmascarada



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Some Thoughts on Horses that Can Be Considered to Salvage the Foundation Lines

The predominant foundation line of the modern Chilean Horse is, without question, the Guante I line, which for all practical purposes is really the Quebrado line. Although various branches are still alive, the two most prolific are the Comunista (principally through Rigor and his son Taco) and the Guaraní (principally through Estribo and his son Estribillo) lineages. Although presently there will be an interesting inbreeding caused by the popularity of crossing these two lines that derive from the same foundation sire, in time the concentration of Guante I in the pedigrees will badly require outcrosses to other foundation lines. The time required before this lack of vigor manifests itself could also terminate the vitality of other foundation lines that presently don’t seem so crucial. The strongest foundation line throughout the history of the breed has been the Angamos I line. Not only did it dominate the breed with intensively inbred individuals, but also the outstanding mares from this family later provided a solid maternal foundation upon which much of the Guante I line received its renown. It would behoove us to cultivate what sire lines still exist in the Angamos I line, as this was a family that produced sires of sires, broodmares of excellence and multifaceted performance horses with good sound conformations. Abalorio still has some precious descendants albeit elderly ones. El Ministro is a grandson that should be looked at seriously. Searching for full Chilean pedigrees of the Hornero branch in Brazil is another option if they can be found duly registered in the Chilean Stud Book. Branches that derive from El Taita, Rotoso II, Romeral and the talented Agravio merit attention. Rotoso II especially looks like a sire line with a future. Younger representatives like Combatiente, Escobajo, Indiano, Orujo, Pampanito and Remezón are also individuals to watch closely and consider. Requinto is an interesting young stallion that traces back through some ordinary members of the Brujo branch that found strength in the flourishing abilities of solid rodeo performers like Inocente and Arauco Although not as generous as the Angamos I line, the Africano extraction also was well rounded in producing sires, broodmares and performance horses. Moreover, this line has more quality individuals remaining that can be utilized to try and concentrate the Alcatraz genes. The Andrajo and Chamanto branches especially show potential if breeders react immediately to make use of individuals that are still productive. Horses like Codiciado, Cuatrero, El Budi, Entonao, Guerrero, Juguetón, Níspero, Roto Choro and Rosquero Pocoa are precious opportunities that need to be taken advantage of. Other names to evaluate closely are Cara Sucia, Mañanero, Meli, Misionero, Opio, Orgulloso, Putifar, Tamarugo and Silencio. Many old breeders swear by lineages that come from Cacareo and Mirquen, and this is also something to keep in mind, even if available representatives are not presently considered fashionable. Some of these options are Africano paternal lines with a strong influence of Angamos I on the maternal side, and thus help the resurgence of genes from two different foundation lines. The Gacho line was not known as a sire line until Colibrí came along and contributed three solid branches in Jalea Real, Nunca en Domingo and Siempre en Domingo. Although fast decreasing in numbers, all three branches have descendants that could be bred across branch lines in an effort to execute an interesting line breeding to Colibrí. Champion of Chile Lucero and good performing sons of the promising Monolo are quality individuals that should be capitalized on. Por si Acaso, Artillero en Domingo and Artesano en Domingo may also be possibilities. Qué Más Da en Domingo is consistently putting sons in the Champion of Chile. Papayero was exported to Brazil, but offspring remain in Chile, and semen has been offered from abroad. Newer representatives that may be in the process of proving their worth include Ballenero, Lamentado, Payador and Que Pinta. The Gacho line has never stopped being a good broodmare sire line, and cultivating this less prestigious role also merits consideration. The Chamal line is hanging by a thread. Making use of the descendants of El Huila to concentrate the genes of Gañancito is vital if we are not to lose this line forever. Daughters of the outstanding horse El Huila are still available, and competitive males from the family can be found in El Concho, El Ñachi, El Tordo, Pipiolo and Viejo Roble, to name a few. What we must not lose sight of is the fact that the Chamal line is strongly a broodmare sire line, and thus



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it is best that we put our hopes in adding into the broodmare bands the daughters of any outstanding individual that rejuvenates this line. Unfortunately, the Mancha, Halcón II and Caldeado/Bayo León lines have been lost forever. The latter especially is a shame, since Bayo León was one of those horses that come once in a blue moon. There are other sire lines that once played a prominent role in the breed, but have long ago stopped being a consideration. Codicia was one such sire line, and this horse left many good producing daughters in his day. His most famous son was the first Chilean Horse to be registered, Bronce. This Exposition Champion can be found quite a ways back in quite a few pedigrees, but in spite of some useful sons like Cucurucho and his son Mingo I, the paternal continuity of this line eventually petered out. The only usefulness all these forgotten lines provide us now is the example of what can occur with the Angamos I, Africano, Gacho and Chamal lines if action is not taken immediately. Perhaps looking at the 33 top mares of the breed that I have listed will bring home the point of making sure the Chilean Horse breed does not lose its genetic foundation. Over half of these extremely influential mares come from non-Guante I sire lines, in spite of the fact that the Guante I sire lines have dominated the commercial market for close to a half a century. It should be clear that these vanishing sire lines have important genes to contribute that should not be taken for granted.


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