Fotograf: Wilse, A. B. / Oslo byarkiv

Fotograf: Wilse, A. B. / Oslo byarkiv

Vår gode venner tarmbakteriene

Johannes Espolin Roksund Hov 2014

Astronomiske størrelser

• “…think of each host and its parasites as a

superorganism… teach war no more…”

(Joshua Lederberg, Science, 2000)

Sykdommer kommer og går

Bach 2002

“Smittsom” tarmbetennelse

Garrett et al. 2006

Grad

av

tarm-

betennelse

“Smittsom” overvekt

Turnbaugh et al. 2006

Økning

i kropps-

fett (%)

“Smittsom” atferd

Tid før

hopp

(sek)

Studier av tarmbakteriene

Klassisk kultur “Microbiomics”

“Bakterieprofiler”

Forekomst - rikholdighet - likhet

Teknologiens kraft

Fierer 2010

Den normale tarmfloras utvikling

Finnes tarmflorasykdom?

Hvordan blir det sykdom? Inni tarmen

Hvordan blir det sykdom? Utenfor

tarmen

Kan vi behandle det? Kosthold

GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY 5

.

Microbial metabolism in the gut

Oxalobacter formigenes

Dietary nondigestible polysaccharides

in vitro

et al.

R. bromii

Bacteroides

Bacteroides

Utilization of host-derived substrates

Akkermansia muciniphila

Bacteroides

Short-chain fatty acid metabolism

M NSP

Tota

l 1

6S

rR

NA

sequences (

%)

RS WL

Bacteroides vulgatus

Colinsella aerofaciens*

Clostridium clostridioforme

Anaerostipes hadrus

Eubacterium hallii

Eubacterium rectale‡

Ruminococcus bromii‡

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

Diet type

0

30

25

20

15

10

5

35

Figure 3 | Influence of diet upon dominant human colonic bacteria determined by

16S rRNA gene sequencing. The graph shown is based on data from means for six

obese male volunteers in a controlled dietary trial reported by Walker et al.13 Weight

maintenance diets were M (control); NSP, high in wheat bran (3 weeks); RS, high in

type 3 resistant starch (3 weeks); and WL, high in protein and reduced in

carbohydrates (3 weeks). Data are from faecal samples analysed at the end of each

dietary period. Statistically significant differences in the percentage abundance of a

given species compared with the other diets are indicated (* P <0.05, ‡P <0.001).

The eight most abundant bacterial species shown here together accounted for 29%

of the total 16S rRNA sequences detected in these samples. Abbreviations: M,

maintenance; NSP, nonstarch polysaccharide; RS, resistant starch; WL, weight loss.

REVIEWS

© 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

Walker 2011

Kan vi behandle det? Medisiner

Dethlefsen 2011

Kan vi behandle det? Transplantasjon

Science 2013

Astronomiske muligheter?