Forklift Safety - PEC Safety | Contractor Management · • Keep workers clear of suspended loads...

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Forklift Safety

1


Forklifts• Used to move materials in industrial settings• Operators must be

– Certified and authorized – 18 years of age or older– Adequately trained

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Forklifts• Training must include

– Classroom presentation– Hands-on demonstration and evaluation– Operating instructions on each type of forklift that will be

operated• Operators must be evaluated every three years• Retraining may be required if necessary or changes occur

3


ForkliftsCompanies must• Offer site specific truck and workplace training• Ensure workers comply with training requirements• Must authorize forklift operators • Ensure that forklifts meet applicable ANSI requirements

4


Automobiles vs. ForkliftsCharacteristics that differ include• Steering• Weight• Stability• Centers of gravity (CG) and force • Visibility

5


Steering Forklifts• Tighter turning radius

– Do not cut sharply– Forklift can overturn

• Steer from the rear– Causes rear to swing wide

6


WeightForklifts• Smaller and more compact• Relatively heavier

– Reduces acceleration – Increases braking distance

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Stability Forklifts• Not stable when loaded• 3-point suspension is rigid• CG must stay within the

stability triangle

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Center of Gravity and ForceCG will change with• Weight of the load • Height of the load• Position of the forks • Changes in speed• Changes in direction

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Visibility Forklifts• Poor forward visibility • Mast and load may obstruct view • If visibility is obstructed

– Travel in reverse– Use a spotter

10


Indoor Use • Gas and diesel forklifts have a potential for CO

build up• CO is invisible and deadly• Ventilation may be necessary in small areas • Propane and electric forklifts

– Less likely to release toxic gas

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Classifications

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Forklift Classes

D Diesel powered

D Diesel unit with additional fire protection to exhaust, fuel and electrical systems

DY DS plus temperature limitation features and no electrical powered components

E Electric

ES Additional safeguards to prevent sparks and limit surface temperatures

EE ES plus completely enclosed electrical equipment

Ex Specifically designed for atmospheres that may contain flammable dust and vapors

G Gasoline

GS Safeguard to the exhaust, fuel and electrical systems

LP LPG (liquefied petroleum gas – usually propane powered)


TiresBased on working surface• Solid tires

– Smooth, hard, level surfaces• Pneumatic or air filled tires

– Rough and uneven surfaces– Inspect for proper inflation

pressure

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Pneumatic tires

Solid tires


Pre-Operation Inspection • Must be done before each shift• Check

– Fluid levels– Leaks– Steering wheel condition and function– Seat/engine cover is secured– Brakes– Tires– Hoses

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Pre-Operation Inspection Check• Labels, charts and signs• Horns and alarms • Mast and forks• Gauges • Controls• Rollover protection

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Pre-Operation Inspection • Never add, modify or remove anything without

the manufacturer’s authorization• Report any damage or missing components to your

supervisor

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Load Chart Forklifts must have a legible load chart or data plate• Lists maximum load capacities at

various distances on the forks– Distance will be from load’s CG

to the back rest of the forks– Usually expressed at 24, 36 and

42 in.• Vital for a safe lift

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Load Chart

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Operational Safety To ensure safety• Operate at appropriate speeds• Slow down when turning and at intersections• Maintain three truck length following distance• No horseplay• Seat belts should be worn at all times • Keep arms and legs inside the forklift

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SMP 21.5


Operational Safety To ensure safety• Keep workers clear of suspended loads• Never drive towards a worker • Do not carry passengers• Yield to pedestrians

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SMP 21.5


Operational Safety • Dock boards secured and in good condition• Loading a trailer with a forklift

– Secure trailer– Chock– Do not overload weight capacity of trailer floor or

trailer jacks– Inspect floor for damage

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SMP 21.6


Operational Safety When lifting loads• Follow load limits• Put heavy side close to mast guard• Never carry loose material• Loads should be centered and lifted slowly • Do not make more than one movement at a time• Loads should be carried low to the ground

– Preferably 4 to 6 in.

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SMP 21.6


Operational Safety When operating on a ramp• Drive slowly• Drive straight up and down the ramp, never

sideways• Forks should always face up ramp• The load should be carried as low as reasonably

possible 23

SMP 21.6


Operational SafetyForklifts can only be used as work platforms if work platforms• Incorporate handrails• Guard against accidental contact• Are securely attached to forks• Incorporate emergency shutdown• Are approved for personnel lifts• Do not use pallets

24

SMP 21.6


Operational Safety• When working near railroads

– Never park closer than 8 ft.– Cross at an angle

• When dismounting forklift– Face forklift and use three points of contact

• When forklift is unattended– Lower forks to the ground– Set brake– Shutdown

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SMP 21.6


Fueling and Battery Charging Fueling• Should be done outdoors• Shut down forklift • Be aware of fuel amount and type• Remove ignition sources within 50 ft. • Do not leave fuel nozzle unattended• Secure propane cylinders properly• Wear appropriate PPE • Clean up spills immediately

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SMP 21.6 – 21.7


Fueling and Battery Charging Battery charging• Hydrogen and oxygen release can be flammable

– Do not smoke and remove ignition sources• Wear splash goggles and rubber gloves• Mixing acid for batteries

– Add acid to water if needed– Clean up spills immediately

27

SMP 21.7

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Date AwardedInstructor

Forklift Safety

Forklift Safety - PEC Safety | Contractor Management · • Keep workers clear of suspended loads...

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