Forest Pests in Manitoba• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Irene L. Pines

Forest Health and Renewal

Manitoba Conservation

National Forest Pest Management Forum

December 3, 2008

Forest Pests in Manitoba 2008Forest Pests in Manitoba 2008

Spruce BudwormSpruce Budworm

2008 Aerial Spray Project 2008 Aerial Spray Project in Northwestern Manitoba in Northwestern Manitoba

Mimic 240 LV (Tebufenozide)Mimic 240 LV (Tebufenozide)

N/A71%1520Untreated

81%95%0.510Treated

CorrectedMortality

LarvalMortality

Post SprayLarvae

Pre SprayLarvae

Location

2008 Spruce Budworm Aerial 2008 Spruce Budworm Aerial Application Project (Application Project (Northwest Region)

Treatments: Mimic Single Application of 70 g/ha Treatments: Mimic Single Application of 70 g/ha –– 6,815 ha6,815 haMimic Double Application of 70 g/ha Mimic Double Application of 70 g/ha –– 5,155 ha5,155 ha

2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation and 2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation and Predictions for 2009 (Northwest Region)Predictions for 2009 (Northwest Region)

Location 2008Defoliation

2008 EggMass/10m2

2009 DefoliationPrediction

Saskatchewan River Forest Section

7% 2 Light

HighrockForest Section

27% 24 Light

2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation and 2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation and Predictions for 2009 (Western Region)Predictions for 2009 (Western Region)

Location2008

Defoliation2008 Egg

Mass/10m22009 Defoliation

Prediction

Dawson Bay, L. Winnipegosis

5% 0 Light

Duck MountainProvincial Forest

5% 0

Riding MountainNational Park

46% 392 Severe

Spruce Woods Provincial Forest

6% 5 Light

Spruce Woods Provincial Park

4% 190 Severe

Light

2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation and 2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation and Predictions for 2009 (Eastern Region)Predictions for 2009 (Eastern Region)

Location 2008Defoliation

2008 EggMass/10m2

2009 DefoliationPrediction

Tembec FML(L. Wpg. East)

15% 2 Light

Whiteshell Park 6% 9 Light

0Lac du Bonnet 4% Light

2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation And 2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation And Predictions for 2009 (Interlake Region)Predictions for 2009 (Interlake Region)

Location2008

Defoliation2008 Egg

Mass/10m22009 Defoliation

Prediction

Grindstone Pt. 23% 52 Moderate

Hodgson 2% 0 Light

L. St George 7% 21 Light

Pine Dock 0% 0 Light

Spruce Sands 100% 998 Severe

2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation And 2008 Spruce Budworm Defoliation And Predictions for 2009 (Northeast Region)Predictions for 2009 (Northeast Region)

Location2008

Defoliation2008 Egg

Mass/10m2

2009 DefoliationPrediction

Jenpeg 12% 60 Moderate

Paint Lake Park 40% 296 Severe

Setting Lake 10% 0 Light

Sipiwesk Lake 5% 0 Light

Spruce Budworm Pheromone TrappingSpruce Budworm Pheromone Trapping

Location2007 Moth

Capture/Trap2008 Moth

Capture/TrapPercent Change

Northwest Region 496694 -29%

Northeast Region 347719 -52%

Western Region 43 145 +237%

Southwest Region (Spruce Woods)

1,7472,632 -34%

Riding Mountain National Park

730676 +8%

Interlake Region 126350 -64%

Eastern Region 75251 -70%

Dutch ElmDutch ElmDisease Disease

Management Management Program in Program in ManitobaManitoba

DED DED Management Management

Areas in Areas in ManitobaManitoba

38 Cost Sharing Communities

Dutch Elm Disease Dutch Elm Disease Program ExpendituresProgram Expenditures

Activity

Surveys

Sanitation

Cost Sharing Agreements

CSA Management

Grant to City of Winnipeg

Total

Funding

$228,000

$1,063,400

$85,000

$128,800

$900,000

$2,405,200

Dutch Elm DiseaseDutch Elm Disease2007 2007 -- 2008 Sanitation Program2008 Sanitation Program

LocationNumber of

Elms Removed

City of Winnipeg

City of Brandon

Provincial Operations

Winnipeg Buffer

CSAs and Buffers

Total

4,409

185

2,456

4,011

11,061

Dutch Elm DiseaseDutch Elm Disease2008 Survey Program2008 Survey Program

LocationNumber of Elms

Marked for Removal

City of Winnipeg

City of Winnipeg Buffer

City of Brandon

CSA’s and Buffers

Total

4,434

3,621

760

2,682

11,497

Forest Health Protection Act Forest Health Protection Act (S.M. 2007, c. 20)(S.M. 2007, c. 20)

• Implement measures necessary to prevent the establishment and spread of invasive forest pests in Manitoba

• Received royal ascent in November 2007

• Act to be proclaimed when regulations for DED, EAB, MPB and arborist licensing are completed

• Wood disposal bins at major entry points from Saskatchewan and Ontario

• Cooperating with CFIA, Canadian and US Border Services, North Dakota and Minnesota to prevent entry of firewood across the international border

Invasive Pest PreventionInvasive Pest Prevention

2008 Campground 2008 Campground Firewood SurveyFirewood Survey(Park and Forestry staff)(Park and Forestry staff)

455 campers surveyed:

- 51.6% of campers brought own firewood

- Only 2% of campers brought firewood from out of province

- Majority resided in Manitoba and brought firewood from locations within the province

Jack PineJack PineBudwormBudworm

Jack Pine Jack Pine Budworm Budworm Permanent Permanent

PlotsPlots

In 1985, 12 plots established throughout jack pine budworm defoliated areas in Manitoba.

Established one new area in 2008 (due to blowdown in 2007) – Whiteshell to West Hawk Lake.

Woodridge

West Hawk Lake

Nopiming

BelairShilo

St. MartinsMafeking

Grand Rapids

Wuskwatim

Moose Lake

Reed Lake

KississingLake

Manitoba Annual Average Male Jack Pine Manitoba Annual Average Male Jack Pine Budworm Moths in Two Trap TypesBudworm Moths in Two Trap Types

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

Aver

age

Mot

hs p

er T

rap

Pherocon 1C Multipher

Moth Capture in Pherocon Traps and Moth Capture in Pherocon Traps and Branch DefoliationBranch Defoliation

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

Aver

age

Mot

hs p

er P

hero

con

Trap

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Aver

age

Bran

ch D

efol

iatio

n

Moths (Pherocon) Defoliation

Jack Pine Jack Pine Budworm Budworm

Monitoring PlotsMonitoring Plots

In early 1990’s, established 24 pheromone plots in dense stands and in open stands of mature jack pine, in southeastern Manitoba.

Sandilands Provincial Forest

JPBW Monitoring JPBW Monitoring -- Moth Capture by Stand TypeMoth Capture by Stand Type

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Aver

age

Mot

hs p

er T

rap

JP Dense JP Open

Upland Black Spruce Upland Black Spruce Root Disease Mortality Profile Root Disease Mortality Profile

Duck and Porcupine Mt. Duck and Porcupine Mt. Provincial ForestsProvincial Forests

Cores sampled from living black spruce trees analyzed to develop live tree chronology.

Jacques Tardif, Biology Department, University of Winnipeg is doing tree ring analysis.

Cookies taken from dead black spruce trees are compared to live tree cores to develop tree mortality profile.

This profile will be used to determine a pathological rotation age for upland black spruce.

Percent Mortality to ARR in Upland Black Spruce in Duck Mountain

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

83 86 90 92 94 97 99101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115

Age of Mortality

% M

ort

alit

y

Actual valuesTrend line

(Operable stand age is from 70 to 180 years)(Operable stand age is from 70 to 180 years)

Eastern Larch Beetle InfestationEastern Larch Beetle Infestation

Eastern Larch Beetle Mortality Eastern Larch Beetle Mortality in 500 ha Tamarack stand in 500 ha Tamarack stand

Southeastern ManitobaSoutheastern Manitoba

19981998 20062006

Eastern Larch Beetle Eastern Larch Beetle infested areasinfested areas

PSP’s were established in spring

2008 to monitor spread and mortality

rates

Emerald Ash BorerEmerald Ash BorerNFPS Risk AnalysisNFPS Risk Analysis

• Inventory of black ash forests in the boreal forest, ash shelterbelts, green ash river bottom forests and ash species in urban centres

• Pest risk analysis to evaluate the potential economic and environmental impacts of EAB on the ash tree resource

• Provide strategies and recommendations to lessen EAB impact

EAB Risk AnalysisEAB Risk Analysis

Banded Elm Bark Beetle TrappingBanded Elm Bark Beetle Trapping

• Increased number of trapping locations to 11 in southern MB

• Two baited traps at each location

• Captured 3 Scolytus sp. south of Winnipeg:

– Two caught in Otterburne and another in St. Adolphe

St. Adolphe

Otterburne

Morris

Gypsy Moth Pheromone TrappingGypsy Moth Pheromone Trapping

(Cooperative project with CFIA)(Cooperative project with CFIA)

2007 moth captures - 17

2008 moth captures - 26

Gypsy Moth Egg Mass SurveyGypsy Moth Egg Mass Survey

(Cooperative project with CFIA)(Cooperative project with CFIA)

2007 Egg Masses – 4 near LaSalle

2008 Egg Masses – 51 = 48 near LaSalle + 3 in St. Vital

RM MacDonaldRM MacDonald

RM RM RichotRichot

City of WinnipegCity of Winnipeg

St. VitalSt. Vital

La SalleLa Salle

Gypsy MothInfested Area

Manitoba 2008

Recommending control in 2009

Less than 500 ha to be treated

Spruce Needle RustSpruce Needle Rust

2008Infestation in Eastern Manitoba

SpruceSpruceNeedle RustNeedle Rust

Infested AreaInfested Area

Spruce Spider Mite

Spruce Bud Scale

Piercing Sucking Feeding on SprucePiercing Sucking Feeding on Spruce

Black Knot of CherryBlack Knot of Cherry

Widespread on Shubert chokecherry in southern Manitoba towns

Poplar Petiole Gall AphidPoplar Petiole Gall Aphid

Widespread on cottonwood throughout southern Manitoba

Bronze Leaf Disease of Poplar Bronze Leaf Disease of Poplar ((ApioplagiostomaApioplagiostoma populipopuli))

• Still widespread in shelterbelts in southern Manitoba• Homeowners removing infected Tower poplar and Swedish columnar

aspen in Carmen area where 100% of these trees are infected• More aspen trees infected with disease in 2008

Conifer Needle CastsConifer Needle Casts

Spruce:

Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii

Stigmina lautii

Red Pine:

Lophodermella concolor

Large Aspen Tortrix

Scattered severe defoliation throughout central and western Manitoba

Large Aspen Large Aspen Tortrix InfestationTortrix InfestationManitoba in 2008Manitoba in 2008