Forensic Odontology Dr Rizwan

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ForensicForensic

OdontologyOdontology


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gygy

By

Prof.Pervaiz A RanaDeprtment of Forensic Medicine &

Toxicology

CMH Lahore Medical College


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Forensic Medicine and Odontology deals with theprofessional handling , examination, interpretationand presentation of medical and dental evidencesthat come before legal authorities

Forensic Odontology is one of the fastest emergingsub disciplines within the broader subject of dentalscience.

It requires special dental expertise not possessed

by ordinary pathologist qualified only in medicine. It encompasses ethical issues and events related to

the claim of negligence and malpractice bydentists and paradental professionals.


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History and status of Forensic Odontology

Working of Forensic dental section

Forensic Dental Anatomy Main applications

Case discussion


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66 A.D.: Lollia Paulinas body identified

Casualty ID in Revolutionary War 1849

Vienna Opera House fire

Dental identification evidence first admitted in U.S.

court system


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The department is divided into sub divisionslike record section, cold storage, autopsysection, analytical, serologic and chemical

examiner, they are interlinked with a chain ofcustody .


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~ 32 teeth

4 tooth types

Incisors

Canines

Premolars

Molars

Orientation/Size Root Structure


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cr

eck

r

t

cr

eck

r t

Canine


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crown

neck

roots

cusps

Molarcusps

crown

neck

roots


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Each tooth has a specificnumber

Each surface of the teeth

are classified Notes extractions, fillings,

orientation, etc.

Primary dentition noted

with upper case letters


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Are the remains human?

If so, what are the sex, age, and race of theindividual?

Who is the person?


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Is it a tooth,or a portion of a tooth?

Is it an animal tooth,or a human tooth?

If human, what type of tooth is it, i.e., incisor,

canine, premolar,or molar? Is it deciduous/primary,or permanent?

Which quadrant does it come from, i.e., rightupper,left lower, etc?


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Some variation is developmental, i.e., the toothin question developed abnormally.

Other variations are acquired at some time

after birth. Such acquired variations can be theresult of

trauma

erosion

occupational insult

dental work in a clinical setting.


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Abnormalities of eruption patterns.

Abnormalities of shape (morphology). Anygiven tooth can have missing features, extrafeatures, or atypical features. This can includebent teeth, anomalies in the number of cusps or

roots, abnormal enamel deposition, etc. Abnormalities in the number of teeth. This

can range from complete absence of teeth(adontia), to extra teeth, known as polydontia.Any given tooth may be absent in any givenindividual, a condition known as partialadontia. The presence of additional individualteeth is sometimes known as supernumeraryteeth.


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Abnormalities in the spacingor position ofteeth. Teeth can be crowded, have gaps(diastema) between them, or be rotated or

misaligned. Long-termb

ulimics often havethe appearance of teeth that are spreadingapart as the space between the teeth increasesover time..

Abnormalities in the size of teeth. It is quiterare to have abnormally small (microdontia),or abnormally large teeth (macrodontia) either as a complete set, or individually.


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Repairs, restorations, prostheses

Dental staining & enamel variation Coffee, colas, nicotine

Erosion Occupational

Health-related issues

Diet composition

Occlusal attrition Missing teeth

Premortem vs. peri/postmortem


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Main Applications

Individual IdentificationMass Disaster

IdentificationBite mark Analysis


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FingerprintsFingerprints

Dental recordsDental recordsPhotoPhoto

CUYAHOGA COUNTY

CORONERS OFFICE

07-0000


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Postmortem description isgenerated Radiographs taken

Possible identitiesknown? Yes: Comparison to

antemortem data Match strength determined

No: Biological profilegenerated


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Postmortem description is generated

Radiographs taken

Possible identities known? Yes: Comparison to antemortem data

Match strength determined

No: Biological profile generated


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Completed in the same manner as individualidentification

Organization of antemortem and postmortem

data is essential Large scale problems can occur if no record

available (radiological, DNA)


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Postmortem Team

Generates dental profile and radiographs

Antemortem Team Collects/organizes antemortem data

Records Comparison Team

Compares postmortem and antemortem data


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Can be used to linka suspect to a crime

Impressions left on

food, skin or otheritems left at a scene


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Every contact leaves its

traceSaid professorEdmond Locard (1877),founder and director of the institute of

Criminalistics,

University of Lyons,

France


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Each dentition canproduce variableimpressions

Change based onpressure andsurface of contact

Impressions from the same dentition


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Bite marks are photographed with a scale

Bite marks on skin are taken over repeated intervals

Casts of impression are taken

Impression traced onto transparencies Casts of suspects teeth are taken

Comparison between suspect cast and bite

mark


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Assailants Saliva

Collection

preservation &

dispatch of saliva collected from bite site

DNA profiling & Blood Grouping


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3D Bite mark analysis

Automatic dental code matching

OdontoSearch

Automatic dental identification system


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3D scans of dental

casts are used to

generate overlays

using various

pressure anddeviation.


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The overlays are compared with the photograph of the

bite marks.


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Different people may have the same dentalcodes

In the past, the strength of a match between a

PM dental code and an AM dental code isbased on the clinical experience of the dentist

OdontoSearch provides an objective means ofassessing the frequency of occurrence for a

dental code


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Genuine image has a smaller matching distance than the imposter

image. Images with smaller distance are included in the candidate list.

Query Image

Genuine Matching Distance = 4.22

Imposter

Matching Distance = 27.57


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Feature Extraction

Retrieval

Atlas Registration

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

32 31 3 0 29 28 27 26 25 2423 22 21 20 19 18 17

Matching


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National Dental Program In 1997, The Criminal Justice Information Services Division (CJIS) of the

FBI created a dental task force (DTF).

State Dental Program Three states: Maryland, Washington, and California

Best Collectors of Dental Records (>10%)


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Bite mark analysis

Identification

Serological analysis of bite mark


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The most famous bite mark case

The bite mark was onthe body of a victim

Wax bite exemplarTransparent overlays

superimposed


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Ted Bundy, was an American serial killer whomurdered numerous young women between1974 and 1978.

He confessed to 30 murders, however the totalamount of victims remains unknown. He would

bludgeon his victims, then strangle them todeath. He engaged in rape and necrophilia.


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in summer 1997 In a small town nearyarkshaire wooden house catches fire andcollapse, 2 bodies were found, remains were

intermingled . Bodies were identified as 14 years old girl

And 40 years old lady

anatomical features and dental record.


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At ground zero, among 973 victims identified in the firstyear (with only one method), about 20% of victims wereidentified using dental records.


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Around mid-March, (of some800+ identified bodies) 90% wereidentified by dental records

If you post pictures of your lovedones on the bulleting boards/web

boards, choose picture with abroad smile so that front teeth canbe seen. A better approach is topost dental X-ray films and leaveemail/phone number of thedentist.

----- Tsunami Reliefwebsite

A forensic expert examines a film of the

teeth of a tsunami victim in Phuket of

Thailand, on Jan. 11, 2005.


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A bite mark was

identified and preserved

impression was obtained

reconstruction of assailants teeth was done Impression was compared with the record of

suspects and finally the assailant was arrested .


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State of Indiana v.Jeffery Jones

Indianapolis

Police Departmentcase no. 5610144G


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A naked dead body of 38 years old lady wasfound near garbage container near herresidence.

Crime scene investigators (CSI) closely analyzethe body and found a bite mark on her neckand left breast.

Saliva sample was collected from bite mark

Sample send for DNA profile analysis .


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Conclusion:

The DNA profile obtained from Item (s)

M16 and M17 does not match the

DNA profile of Item S1 and could not

have originated from their initial

suspect, Michael Willey.


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Conclusion:

The DNA profile obtained from Item(s) M16 andM17 was searched in the Indiana DNA Database

and was found to be consistent with the convicted

offender sample of Jeffery Jones (DOC inmate

#974912).


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Conclusion:

In the absence of an identical twin, Jeffery Jones isthe source of the DNA obtained from Items M16

and M17 to a reasonable degree of scientific

certainty.


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THANK YOU

Forensic Odontology Dr Rizwan

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