MSc FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
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REGULATIONS AND CURRICULUM MSc FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University) Re-Accredited “A + ” Grade by NAAC Sri ShivarathreeshwaraNagaraMysuru - 570 015, Karnataka 2020
Transcript of MSc FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
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REGULATIONS AND CURRICULUM
MSc FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research(Deemed to be University)
Re-Accredited “A+” Grade by NAAC Sri ShivarathreeshwaraNagaraMysuru - 570 015, Karnataka
2020
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REGULATIONS AND CURRICULUM
MSc FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research(Deemed to be University)
Re-Accredited “A+” Grade by NAAC Sri ShivarathreeshwaraNagaraMysuru - 570 015, Karnataka
2020
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1. GOALS:• Forensic odontology masters course aims to train the students in proper
handling and examination of dental evidences, proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings in the court of law in the interest of justice.
• It exposes the students to various crime scene scenarios, moot court and laboratory work to again hands on skills along with theoretical knowledge to enhance practical judgment and abilities in carrying out the forensic case work.
• To Practice the specialty efficiently and effectively, backed by scientific knowledge and skill.
2. OBJECTIVES:Upon completion of this course, the graduate should be able to:
• Determine the age, sex and stature of both the living and deceased. • Collect, preserve and analyze odontological evidences retrieved from the
crime scene• Identify unknown human remains (DVI) through dental records and
craniofacial bones.• Elicit the ethnicity and assisting in building up picture of lifestyle and diet of
skeletal remains • Understand the concepts and methodology involved in the examination,
analysis, and , the comparison of human bite marks, lip prints and rugae pattern
• Detect domestic sexual and child abuse in dental practice environment.• Presenting evidence in court as expert witness.
COMPONENTS OF THE COURSE CURRICULUMThe major components of the Postgraduate curriculum shall be:
• Theoretical knowledge• Practical skills• Research skills.• Attitudes including communication skills.• Training in research methodology.
3. ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSIONA candidate seeking admission to the Master of Science Degree in Forensic must have passed B. Sc with at least one subject of biological Sciences or B. Sc Biotechnology or MBBS or BDS from a recognized Institution.
4. DURATION OF THE COURSEThe course of study shall be for a period of 2 academic years (4 semesters).
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5. MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTIONThe Medium of instruction and examination shall be in English.
6. METHOD OF TRAININGTraining should include involvement in theory, laboratory & experimental work and research studies, Self- learning material, Seminars, assignments, group discussions, journal club presentations.
7. ATTENDANCECandidates should have attended at least 80% of the total number of classes conducted from the date of commencement of the semester to the last working day, as notified by the JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), in each of the subjects prescribed for that semester, separately in theory and practical, to be eligible to appear for the examinations. Candidates lacking prescribed percentage of attendance in any subject shall not be eligible to appear for the JSSAHER examination in that subject.
8. Course of study
Subjects and hours of teaching for theory, practical
The number of hours of teaching theory and practical, semester wise are shown in table I,II,III,IV & V
Bridge Course for Non -Medical Professionals.
TABLE IFor non- medical graduates, training will be provided through bridge course in basic science subjects
I SEMESTER- 15 Days
THEORY Hrs. CREDITS
Core 1 Basic Anatomy 20 02
Core 2 Basic Physiology 20 02
Core 3 Basic Biochemistry 20 02
Total 60 06
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TABLE II
I SEMESTER
THEORY Hrs. CREDITS
Core 1
Section A - Dental Anatomy , Oral Histology & Applied aspectsSection B - Oral Embryology , Oral Physiology & Applied aspects
3015
0201
Core 2Section A - General Pathology section B - General Microbiology
1515
0101
Core 3Section A - Forensic SciencesSection B – Dental Materials And Applies Aspects
1515
0101
PRACTICALS
Module 1Section A - Dental Anatomy , Oral Histology & Applied aspects
20 02
Module 2Section A - General Pathology section B - General Microbiology
1010
0101
Module 3Section A -Forensic SciencesSection B – Dental materials and Applied aspects
1010
0101
Assignments – 3 Assignments -- 03
TOTAL 165 16
TABLE III
II SEMESTER
THEORY Hrs. CREDITS
Core 1
Section A - Dental Materials & Applied aspects Section B - Oral Pathology & Applied aspects
3030
0202
Core 2 Oral Radiology & Applied aspects 300202
Core 3 Section A -Research methodology & bio ethics Section B- Basic and advanced Bio statistics
3030
0202
PRACTICALS
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Module 1 Section A -Dental Materials & Applied aspects Section B - Oral Pathology & Applied aspects
1010
01
Module 2 Oral Radiology & Applied aspects 100101
Assignments –03 Assignments - 03
TOTAL 180 16
TABLE IV
III SEMESTER
THEORY Hrs. CREDITS
Core 1 Forensic Odontology 60 04
Core 2 Pedodontics & Applied Aspects 30 02
Core 3 Applied Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 60 04
PRACTICALS
Module 1 Forensic Odontology 10 01
Module 2 Pedodontics & Applied Aspects 10 01
Module 3 Applied Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 10 01
Assignments -03 -- 03
Total 180 16
TABLE V
IV Semester
Dissertation Work 14 Credits
Publications & Conference Presentations 04 Credits
Total 18 Credits
TOTAL COURSE CREDITSFOR MEDICAL GRADUATES
SEMESTER CREDITSSemester 1 16Semester 2 16Semester 3 16Semester 4 18
Total Course Credits 66
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FOR NON- MEDICAL GRADUATES PAPER II
SEMESTERCREDITS –
Medical Professionals
CREDITS-Non Medical
professional courses
Bridge course ------ 06
I Sem 16 16
II Sem 16 16
III Sem 16 16
IV Sem 18 18
Total 66 72
9. Monitoring of Progress in StudiesA. Formative Assessment
Formative assessment will be done continually to assess knowledge, procedural & academic skills, interpersonal skills, professionalism, self-directed learning and ability to practice in the system for core papers and practical modules.
• In Each Semester two internal assessment (IA) will be conducted for 50 marks in each subject. The distribution of marks is as follows
• 10 marks for seminar presentation, • 20 marks for question answers (10x2 marks) • 20 marks for assignment.
Average of two internal assessments will be considered for final internal assessment marks and the same shall be submitted to JSSAHER 15 days before the commencement of the final university examinations. If the candidate is absent for any of the IA examination due to genuine and satisfactory reason, such a candidate may be given a re-examination within a fortnight.Minimum 50% marks is required in theory and Practicals separately in each paper to be eligible to write end semester examinations
B. End semester Examination (Summative Assessment)Examination for Bridge course - Theory examination will be conducted at the end of the bridge course for Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry subjects at institution level.
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Pattern of Question Paper
THEORYTYPE OF QUESTIONS Number of
questionsMarks for
each questionTotal
Short answer 5 2 10MCQ 10 1 10Total 20
JSSAHER examinations for core papers and practical modules – The JSSAHER shall conduct examination for core papers and practical modules at the end of each semester. The candidates, who satisfy the requirement of attendance and internal assessment, shall be eligible to appear for the JSSAHER Examination. The head of the institution shall verify the same before forwarding the applications to the controller of examinations (COE) JSSAHER within stipulated time along with the prescribed fee.
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Exam pattern
Evaluation
Examinations- FIRST SEMESTER
THEORY AND PRACTICAL MARKS DISTRIBUTION
THEORY IA(50)
JSSAHER EXAM(50)
TOTAL MARKS
(50M+50M)
Core 1 Section A - Dental Anatomy, Oral Histology & Applied aspects.Section B-Oral Embryology , Oral Physiology & Applied aspects
5050
5050
100100
Core 2 Section A - General Pathology section B - General Microbiology
5050
5050
100100
Core 3 Section A -Forensic SciencesSection B – Dental Materials And Applies Aspects
5050
5050
100100
PRACTICALS
Module 1
Section A - Dental Anatomy, Oral Histology & Applied aspects.
50 50 100
Module 2
Section A-General Pathology section B- General Microbiology
5050
5050
100100
Module 3
Section A -Forensic SciencesSection B – Dental Materials and Applied aspects
5050
5050
100100
Total 550 550 1100
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SECOND SEMESTER
THEORY AND PRACTICAL MARKS DISTRIBUTION
THEORY IA(50)JSSAHER
EXAM(50)
TOTAL MARKS
(50M+50M)
Core 1Section A -Dental Materials & Applied aspectsSection B- Oral Pathology & Applied aspects
5050
5050
100100
Core 2Oral Radiology & Applied aspects
5050 100
Core 3 Section A -Research methodology & bio ethics Section B - Basic and advanced Bio statistics
5050
5050
100100
PRACTICALS
Module 1
Section A -Dental Materials & Applied aspectsSection B- Oral Pathology & Applied aspects
5050
5050
100100
Module 2
Oral Radiology & Applied aspects
50 50 100
Total
400 400 800
THIRD SEMESTER
DISTRIBUTION
THEORYIA
(50)
JSSAHER EXAM(50)
TOTAL MARKS
(50M +50M)
Core 1 Forensic Odontology 50 50 100
Core 2Pedodontics & Applied Aspects
50 50 100
Core 3Applied Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
50 50 100
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PRACTICALS
Module 1 Forensic Odontology 50 50 100
Module 2Pedodontics & Applied As-pects
50 50 100
Module 3Applied Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
50 50 100
Total 300 300 600
FOURTH SEMESTER
Dissertation 200
Viva Voce 200
Total 400
Theory Examination: – 2 hours paper, 50 marks for each papers. PATTERN OF THEORY QUESTION PAPER
THEORY
Type of questions Marks No of Questions Total marks
Long essay 10 01 10
Short essay 04 05 20
Short answers 02 10 20
Total Marks 50
Practical Examination
In case of practical examination, it shall be aimed at assessing competence and skills of techniques and procedures as well as testing students’ ability to make relevant and valid observations, interpretations and inference of laboratory or experimental work relating to his/ her subject. Practical Exams: Practical examination will be conducted for 50 marks in each paper.
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C. DissertationThe suggested time schedule for Dissertation work is
• Identification and selection of topic for Dissertation in second semester (Orientation for selection of topic and how to write synopsis will be dealt in second semester through core 3 paper ).
• Preparation of synopsis and submission of the synopsis for ethical clearance will be submitted in second semester as per the dates notified by the ethical committee. Such synopsis will be reviewed, and the Dissertation topic will be registered by the JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research. No change in the Dissertation topic or guide shall be made without prior approval of the JSSAHER.
• Dissertation work should start from third semester onwards after obtaining ethical clearance.
Submission of Dissertation Report Four copies of the Dissertation report shall be submitted to the controller of examination of the JSSAHER two months before fourth semester examination or as per the dates notified by the JSSAHER. The Dissertation should be written under the following headings
• Introduction• Aims and objectives of study• Review of Literature• Material and Methods• Results• Discussion• Conclusion• Summary• References• Tables• Annexure
Every candidate pursuing M. Sc in Forensic odontology course is required to carry out work on a selected research Dissertation under the guidance of a recognized post graduate teacher in their respective subjects. The results of such work shall be submitted in the form of a Dissertation. The student can choose topic related to Forensic Odontology from the following subjects:
1. Oral Radiology/Oral Medicine2. Oral Pathology3. Forensic Medicine4. Pedodontics5. Prosthodontics6. Orthodontics7. Forensic sciences.
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The Dissertation is aimed to train a post graduate student in research methods and techniques. It includes identification of a problem, formulation of a hypothesis, search and review of literature, getting acquainted with recent advances, designing of a research study, collection of data, critical analysis, and comparison of results and drawing conclusions.The synopsis shall be sent through the proper channel. Such synopsis will be reviewed and the Dissertation topic will be registered by the JSSAHER. No change in the Dissertation topic or guide shall be made without prior approval of the JSSAHER.
The candidates shall report the progress of the Dissertation work to the concerned guide periodically and obtain clearance for the continuation of the Dissertation work. A co-guide may be included provided the work requires substantial contribution from a sister department or from another medical institution recognized for teaching/training by JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research.
D. Maintenance of Logbook and Practical record for students of regular mode only.A diary showing each day’s work must be maintained by the candidate, which shall be scrutinized by the Head of the department every month. A list of the seminars and journal reviews that have been attended and presented by the student has to be maintained which should be scrutinized by the Head of the Department.
Practical record must be maintained by every candidate and duly scrutinized and certified by the head of the department and to be submitted to the external examiner during the final examination.
E. Seminars, Journal clubs and Teaching: Students are expected to actively participate in the departmental seminars and journal clubs. A record should be maintained by each student with the list of seminars and paper presented in journal club by each student. Post graduate students should participate in undergraduate teaching, in theory, practical and tutorials.
10. Appointment of examiners:There shall be two examiners in practical examination. Out of them one shall be external examiner and one shall be internal examiner. Postgraduate teacher with MD/MSc/PhD degree with 5 years of experience shall be appointed as examiners.The Internal/external examiner shall be from the either Medical faculty (Forensic Medicine department) and Dental faculty (Oral Medicine/Oral Pathology/forensic odontology/Prosthodontics/Pedodontics). The Internal and External examiners will be alternating between these subjects mentioned every year.
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11. Criteria for declaring as pass in Examination:Criteria for declaring as pass in JSSAHER examination Candidate should secure minimum 50% marks in each subject Theory including IA marks and Practicals including IA Marks separately. Theory and Practical shall be considered as separate course. If a candidate passes in practical examination but fails in theory paper, such candidate is exempted from reappearing for practical but shall have to appear for theory paper in which subject paper candidate in has failed the subsequent examinations or vice versa. Those candidates who failed in one or more subjects shall have to appear only in the subject so failed, in the subsequent examinationsA candidate securing less than 50% of marks as described above shall be declared to have failed in the examination. Failed candidate may appear in subsequent examination upon payment of examination fee to the JSSAHER.
Grading of performances.The bridge course conducted for non-medical graduates only will have an institutional exam carrying 6 credits. The student must have procured minimum of 50% of marks in average to be eligible for obtaining full credits .The credits obtained by the student during the bridge course will not be included in the calculation for CGPA.
Letter grades and grade points allocationsBased on the performances, each student shall be awarded a final letter grade at the end of the semester for each course.
Letter grades and grade points equivalent to Percentage of marks and performances
Percentage of Marks Obtained Letter GradeGrade Point
Performance
90.00 – 100 O 10 Outstanding80.00 – 89.99 A 9 Excellent70.00 – 79.99 B 8 Good60.00 – 69.99 C 7 Fair50.00 – 59.99 D 6 AverageLess than 50 F 0 Fail
Absent AB 0 Fail
A learner who remains absent for any subject(s) in the end semester examination shall be assigned a letter grade of AB and a corresponding grade point of zero. He/she should reappear for the same in due course.
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The Semester grade point average (SGPA)The performance of a student in a semester is indicated by a number called ‘Semester Grade Point Average’s. (SGPA). It is the ratio of total credit points secured by a student in various courses in a semester and the total course credits of that semester. It shall be expressed up to two decimal places. The credit point (CP) of a course is equal to Credits (C) x Grade Point (G). Total Credit Point of a semester is sum of credit points (CP) of all courses of that semester.Thus the SGPA is the ratio of sum of the product of the number of credits with the grade points scored by a student in all the courses in a semester and the sum of the number of credits of all the courses in that semester, i.e SGPA = ∑(Ci x Gi) / ∑CiWhere Ci is the number of credits of the i th subject and Gi is the grade point scored by the student in the i th subject. Where i indicates the subject number.For example, if a student takes five courses (Theory/Practical) in a semester with credits C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 and the student’s grade points in these courses are G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively, and then students’ SGPA is equal to:
C1G1 + C2G2 + C3G3 + C4G4+ C5G5
SGPA = -------------------------------------------------- C1 + C2 + C3 + C4+ C5
The SGPA shall be expressed up to two decimal places. The SGPA for each semester shall be calculated and awarded only for those students who have passed all the courses of that semester.Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)It is a measure of overall cumulative performance of a student over all semesters. The CGPA is the ratio of total credit points secured by a student in various courses in all semesters and the sum of the total credits of all courses in all the semesters. It is expressed up to two decimal places. CGPA shall be awarded only on successful completion of the Programme (all Four semesters) and it is given in final semester grade report card/final transcript. CGPA shall be calculated as follows:
CP1 + CP2 + CP3 + CP4+ CP5+ CP6
CGPA = ----------------------------------------------- C1 + C2 + C3 + C4+ C5+ C6
Where CP1, CP2, CP3,…. is the total credit points for semester I,II,III,…. and C1, C2,
C3,…. is the total number of credits for semester I,II,III,….
Declaration of Class:Distinction: A successful candidate passing the Deemed to be University examination in first attempt will be declared to have passed the examination with distinction, if the grand total aggregate mark is 75% and above.
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First class: Aggregate mark is 65% and 74%.Pass class: Aggregate mark is 50% and 64%.Class shall be awarded only on successful completion of the programme (all six semesters) and it is given in final semester grade report card/final transcript. The class shall be awarded on the basis of CGPA as follows:First Class with Distinction = CGPA of. 8.00 And aboveFirst Class = CGPA of 7.00 to 7.99Second Class = CGPA of 6.00 to 6.99The candidates who secure a CGPA of 8.00 or above and have passed in all the subjects in all the semesters in first attempt shall be declared to have obtained First Class with Distinction.
12. Carry over system:A candidate shall be allowed to academically progress (shall attend the classes continuously from first semester to third semester regardless of examination and results).However, the candidate should have passed JSSAHER Examinations of all papers from first to third semester to enter fourth semester.
13. Award of Degree: A candidate who has passed all the subjects of I semester to IV Semester shall be eligible for award of Degree
Award of Ranks/Medals: Ranks and medals shall be awarded on the basis of final CGPA. However candidates who fail in one or more subjects during the course shall not be eligible for the award of ranks.
14. Maximum Duration for completion of the course of studyThe maximum duration for the completion of the course shall be fixed as double the actual duration of the course and the students have to pass within the said period, otherwise candidate shall re-register for the course.
15. Revaluation/Retotaling of answer papersThere is no provision for revaluation of the answer papers of failed candidates in any examination. However, the failed candidates can apply for re-totaling by paying prescribed fee.
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BRIDGE COURSE SYLLABUS
PAPER I (Core 1)
ANATOMY INCLUDING HISTOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY AND OSTEOLOGY
I. INTRODUCTION TO 2 Hrs1. Anatomical terms2. Skin, superficial fascia & deep fascia3. Cardiovascular system, portal system collateral circulation and arteries4. Lymphatic system, regional lymph nodes5. Osteology - Including ossification & growth of bones6. Myology - Including types of muscle tissue & innervations7. Syndesmology - Including classification of Joints
II. HEAD & NECK 8 Hrs1. Scalp, face & temple, lacrimal apparatus2. Cranial cavity - Meninges, parts of brain, dural venous sinuses, cranial
nerves attached to the brain,3. Cranial nerves - III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX,XII in detail4. Parotid gland5. Triangles of the neck6. Temporo mandibular joint, muscles of mastication, infratemporal fossa,
pterygo - palatine fossa7. Submandibular region8. Walls of the nasal cavity, paranasal air sinuses9. Palate
10. Oral cavity, Tongue
III. OSTEOLOGY 4 Hrs1. Foetal skull2. Adult skull3. Individual bones of the skull4. Hyoid bone and cervical vertebrae
IV. EMBRYOLOGY 2 Hrs1. Pharyngeal arches pouches & clefts2. Development of face, tongue, palate, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sali-
vary glands, and anomalies in their development3. Tooth development in brief
V. HISTOLOGY: 4 Hrs1. The Cell2. Basic tissues - Epithelium, Connective tissue including cartilage and bone,
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Muscle Tissue, Nervous tissue : Peripheral nerve, optic nerve, sensory ganglion, motor ganglion
3. Skin4. Classification of Glands, Salivary glands (serous, mucous and mixed
gland)5. Blood vessels, Lymphoid tissue6. Tooth, lip, tongue, hard palate
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Romanes(G.J.). Cunningham Manual of Practical Anatomy: Head & Neck &
Brain, 15th Edition2. McMinn. RJ Last’s Anatomy, 11th Edition3. A.K. Dutta. Essentials of Human Anatomy, 4th Edition4. Sadler. Langman’s Medical Embryology, 10th Edition5. Inderbir singh. Text Book of Human Histology, 5th Edition6. John V. Basmajian. Grant’s Method of Anatomy, 11th Edition7. Snell (Richard s). Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students, 8th Edition.8. Wheater, Burkitt & Daniels. Functional Histology, 5th Edition.9. James E Anderson. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, 12th Edition10. William Drake. Gray’s Anatomy, 39th Edition11. Emery. Medical Genetics, 13th Edition12. Inderbir singh. Human Embryology, 8th Edition G.A.G. Decker. Lee. Mc Gregor’s
Synopsis of Surgical Anatomy, 12th Edition
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PAPER II Core 2
GENERAL HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 20 hrs
i. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY 04 hrs1. Introduction to Physiology2. Cell- Morphology - Functions of organelles: mitochondria, ribosome, Lyso-
somes:nucleus3. Cell membrane & Transport across cell membrane4. Body fluid compartments5. Membrane potentials6. Homeostasis - Basic concepts , Feedback mechanisms
ii. BLOOD 06 hrs1. Composition & functions of blood. Blood volume: Normal values, variations.
Specific gravity, packed cell volume, factors affecting & methods of determination. Plasma proteins - Types, concentration, functions & variations.
2. Erythrocytes Morphology, functions & variations. Erythropoiesis & factors affecting erythropoiesis. ESR- Determination, factors affecting, variations & significance. Hemoglobin - Normal concentration, Types method of determination, variation in concentration& functions. Blood Indices - MCV, MCH, MCHC - definition, normal values, variation. Anemia - Definition, classification, life span of RBC’s
3. Leucocytes Classification, leucopoiesis, number, percentage, distribution, morphology, properties, Functions & variation. Role of lymphocytes in immunity, leucopoiesis life span & fate of leucocytes.
4. Thromobocytes Morphology, number, variations, function & thrombopoiesis.5. Blood groups ABO & Rh system, method of determination, importance
iii. MUSCLE AND NERVE 04 hrs1. Nerve Neurons - Morphology, classification, Nerve fibers classification,
resting membrane potential, action potential, properties, conduction of impulses in myelinated & nonmyelinated fibers. Degeneration & Regeneration.
2. Neuromuscular transmission3. Muscle Structure of skeletal muscle, EC Coupling, Molecular mechanism of
muscle contraction, Types & Properties of skeletal muscle. 4. Structure and properties of smooth muscle.
iv. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 02 hrs1. Introduction to digestive system General structure of G.I. tract, Innervations.2. Salivary glands Structure of salivary glands, composition, regulation of
secretion & functions of saliva.
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v. SPECIAL SENSES 04 hrs1. Vision Physiological anatomy of eye ball, functions of iris, aqueous humor,
Lens, rods & cones. Accommodation to near vision, Refractive errors: Myo- pia, hypermetropia, presbyopia & astigmatism. Visual acuity, Visual pathways, colour vision Hearing Anatomic consideration, functions of outer, middle & inner ear, cochlea, organ of corti, mechanism of hearing. Auditory pathways, deafness types & tests
2. Gustation Taste buds, primary taste sensation, pathway for taste sensation Olfaction Receptors, olfactory pathways.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Vander. Human physiology: The mechanism of body function, 10th Edition
20012. A.K. Jain. Human Physiology for BDS students, 3rd Edition 20053. Yogesh Tripathi . Concise Textbook of Physiology for dental students, 1st
edition 2007 iv) Choudhari. Concise Medical Physiology, 6th Edition 20084. Guyton. Text book of Physiology, 11th Edition 20065. Ganong. Review of Medical Physiology, 22nd Edition 20056. Berne & Levy. Physiology, 5th Edition 20047. Best & Taylor’s Physiological basis of Medical Practice, 12th Edition 1996
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PAPER III Core 3
BIOCHEMISTRY
i. CHEMISTRY OF BIOORGANIC MOLECULES 10 hrs 1. Chemistry of Carbohydrates Definition, biological importance and clas-
sification. Monosaccharides - Isomerism, anomerism. Sugar derivatives, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides. Structures of starch, glycogen and gly- cosoaminoglycans.
2. Chemistry of Proteins Biological importance. Aminoacids: Classification. Introduction to peptides. Proteins: Simple and conjugated; globular and fibrous. Charge properties. Buffer action Introduction to protein conformation. Denaturation.
3. Chemistry of Lipids Definition, biological importance and classification. Fats and fatty acids. Introduction to compound lipids. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. Cholesterol. Bile salts. Micelle. Bimolecular leaflet, Lipoproteins - formation, function and turnover.
4. Chemistry of Nucleic acids Building units Nucleotides. Outline structure of DNA and RNA. High energy compounds: ATP, Phosphorylamidines, Thiolesters, Enol phosphates.
5. Enzymologya. Definition, classification, propertiesb. Coenzymes and cofactors (apoenzyme, holoenzyme, cofactors and
activators)c. Mechanism of enzyme actiond. Factors affecting enzyme activity and Km, its significance (derivation
not required)e. Enzyme inhibition - types with Lineweaver-Burk plots and clinical
importancef. Enzyme regulation - modes, mechanism and importanceg. Isoenzymes - definition, chemistry, separation and clinical importanceh. Diagnostic and therapeutic importance of enzymesProenzymes,
multienzyme complex and metalloenzymesi. RIA and ELISA
ii. Vitamins 5 hrsDefinition and classification, Chemistry, sources, absorption and transport, biochemical role, RDA, and deficiency, antivitamins and hypervitaminosis of fat and water soluble vitamins
iii. Genetics and Molecular biology 5 hrsa. DNA replicationb. Transcription, post transcriptional modifications, reverse transcriptase
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c. Genetic code, translation, post translational modificationsd. Regulation of gene expression, mutation, Polymerase Chain Reaction,
recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy, blotting techniques, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, DNA fingerprinting
RECOMMEDED BOOKS:1. Vasudevan. Text Book of Biochemistry for Dental Students,2. T.N. Pattabiraman. Concise text book of Biochemistry, 3rd Edition3. S. Ramakrishnan and S.V. Rao. Nutritional Biochemistry,4. T.N. Devlin. Text book of Biochemistry with clinical correlations, 6th Edition5. R.K. Murray etal. Harper’s Biochemistry, 27th Edition.4. R.A.D.Williams & J.C.Elliot. Basic and applied Dental Biochemistry, 2nd
Edition
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SYLLABUS
SEMESTER 1Core I Section A
DENTAL ANATOMY, ORAL HISTOLOGY & APPLIED ASPECTS THEORY 30 HRSDENTAL ANATOMY & APPLIED ASPECTS 15 hrs1. Introduction to tooth morphology 3 hrs
a. Human dentitionb. Types of teeth, & functionsc. Palmer’s & Binomial notation systemsd. Tooth surfaces, their junctionse. Line angles & point anglesf. Definition of terms used in dental morphologyg. Geometric concepts in tooth morphologyh. Contact areas & embrasuresi. Clinical significance
2. Morphology of permanent teeth 8 hrsa. Description of individual teeth, along with their endodontic anatomy &
including a note on their chronology of development, differences between similar class of teeth & identification of individual teeth
b. Variations & Anomalies commonly seen in individual teeth
3. Morphology of Deciduous teeth 2 hrsa. Generalized differences between Deciduous & Permanent teethb. Description of individual deciduous teeth, including their chronology of
developmentc. Endodontic anatomyd. Differences between similar class of teeth &identification of individual
teeth4. Occlusion 2 hrs
a. Definitionb. Factors influencing occlusionc. Basal boned. Archese. Individual teethf. External & internal forces & sequence of eruptiong. Inclination of individual teeth - compensatory curvesh. Centric relation & Centric occlusion - protrusive, retrusive & lateral
occlusioni. Clinical significance of normal occlusionj. Introduction to & Classification of Malocclusion
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ORAL HISTOLOGY & APPLIED ASPECTS 15 hrs
1. Detailed microscopic study of 6 hrsa. Enamelb. Dentinec. Cementumd. Pulp tissuee. Age changes & Applied aspects (Clinical and forensic significance) of the
abovef. Histological considerations- Fluoride applications, transparent dentine,
dentine hypersensitivity, reaction of pulp tissue to varying insults to exposed dentine; Pulp calcifications & Hypercementosis
2. Detailed microscopic study of 2 hrsa. Periodontal ligamentb. Alveolar bonec. Age changes, histological changes in periodontal ligament & bone in
normal & orthodontic tooth movement, applied aspects of alveolar bone resorption
3. Detailed microscopic study of Oral Mucosa 2 hrs Variation in structure in relation to functional requirements, mechanisms of keratinization, clinical parts of gingiva, Dentogingival & Mucocutaneous junctions & lingual papil- lae. Age changes & clinical considerations.
4. Salivary Glands 1 hrDetailed microscopic study of acini & ductal system. Age changes& clinical considerations
5. TM Joint 1 hrReview of basic anatomical aspects & microscopic study & clinical considerations
6. Maxillary Sinus 1 hrMicroscopic study, anatomical variations, functions & clinical relevance of maxillary sinus in dental practice
7. Processing of hard & soft tissues for microscopic study 1 hrGround sections, Decalcified sections & routine staining procedures
8. Basic histochemical staining patterns of oral tissues 1 hr
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Core I Section B
ORAL EMBRYOLOGY, ORAL PHYSIOLOGY & APPLIED ASPECTS
THEORY 15 HRS
ORAL EMBRYOLOGY & APPLIED ASPECTS 10 hrs1. Brief review of development of face, jaws, lip, palate & tongue, with
ap- plied aspects 3 hrs
Development of teeth: 3 hrsa. Epithelial mesenchymal interactionb. Detailed study of different stages of development of crown, root &
supporting tissues of tooth & detailed study of formation of calcified tissues
c. Applied aspects of disorders in development of teeth
2. Eruption of deciduous & permanent teeth: 2 hrsa. Mechanisms in tooth eruptionb. Different theories & histology of eruptionc. Formation of dentogingival junctiond. Role of gubernacular cord in eruption of permanent teethe. Clinical or Applied aspects of disorders of eruption
3. Shedding of teeth 2 hrsa. Factors & mechanisms of shedding of deciduous teethb. Complications of shedding
ORAL PHYSIOLOGY & APPLIED ASPECTS 05 hrs
1. Saliva 3 hrs a. Composition of saliva –formation of saliva
2. Mastication 2 hrsa. Masticatory force & its measurementb. Peculiarities of masticatory musclesc. Masticatory cycled. Masticatory reflexes
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PRACTICALS 20 HRS
Module 1 Section A
DENTAL ANATOMY, ORAL HISTOLOGY and applied aspectsDENTAL ANATOMY
1. Identification of individual teeth using extracted teeth specimen, Identification of dentition using study models 2 hrs
2. Processing of hard and soft tissues for microscopic study 1 hr3. Ground sections, decalcified sections and routine staining procedures, Basic
histochemical staining patterns of oral tissues 1 hr4. General histology of cells and tissues 1 hr5. Special stained sections 1 hr
ORAL HISTOLOGY: List of histology slides1. DEVELOPMENT OF TOOTH 2 hrs
a. Bud stage of tooth development.b. Cap stage of tooth development c. Early bell stage of tooth development.d. Late Bell stage of tooth development.e. Root formation.
2. ENAMEL 2 hrsa. Enamel rod.b. Hunter-Schreger Bands.c. Tufts, Lamellae, Spindles.d. Incremental lines of Retzius.e. Neonatal line.f. Gnarled Enamel.
3. DENTIN 2 hrsa. Dentino – Enamel junctionb. Dentinal Tubules.c. Incremental lines of Von Ebnerd. Contour lines of Owen.e. Neonatal line.f. Tomes granular layer.g. Interglobular Dentin.h. Secondary Dentin.i. Intratubular Dentinj. Intertubular Dentin.
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4. CEMENTUM 1 hr a. Cellular cementumb. Acelular cementumc. Cemento enamel junctiond. Sharpey’s fibers.e. Hypercementosis.
5. PULP 1 hra. Zones of Pulpb. Pulp stones.
6. PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT 1 hra. Principal fibers of periodontal ligament Apical, Horizontal, Oblique, Alveolar
crest, Interradicular, Transeptal
7. ALVEOLAR BONE 1 hr a. Haversian systemb. Trabeculated bone.c. Mature and immature bone.
8.SALIVARY GLANDS 1 hr a. Mucous gland.b. Serous gland c. Mixed gland.
9. MAXILLARY SINUS 1 hra. Sinus lining (Pseudostratified ciliated columnar)
10. ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE 2 hrsa. Parakeratinised epithelium.b. Orthokeratinised epithelium.c. Palate – Anterolateral zone.d. Palate – Posterolateral zone.e. Alveolar mucosa.f. Vermilion border of lip.g. Tongue – a. Circumvallater Papillae.b. Fungiform Papillaec. Filiform Papillaeh. Dentogingival junction.i. Skin
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RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. S.N.Bhaskar. Orban’s Oral Histology & Embryology, 12th Edition.2. James & Avery. Oral Development & Histology, 31st Edition.3. Major.M.Ash. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology & Occlusion, 8th Edition.4. Woelfel & Scheid. Dental Anatomy - its relevance to dentistry, 7th Edition.5. Lavelle. Applied Physiology of the mouth, 2nd Edition.6. Jenkins. Physiology & Biochemistry of the mouth,
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GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Core 2 Section ATheory 15 hours
Cellular adaptations and Cell injury atrophy, hypertrophy, aplasia, hyperplasia, necrosis, infarction, fatty change, and pathologic calcification)- 4 hours
Inflammation and repair – acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, healing and repair, fracture healing - 4 hours
Hemodynamic disturbances: Thrombosis, fat embolism, shock - 2 hours
Neoplasia: Definition, overview of Benign and malignant tumours, metastasis, odontogenic tumors - 3hours
Genetic disorders: Downs syndrome, Turners syndrome - 1 hour
Disorders of infancy and old age changes relevant to forensic medicine- 1 hour
PRACTICALS 10 hours
Module2 Section A
1. Necrosis : Coagulative necrosis, Caseating necrosis 2 Hrs2. Fatty change, monke bergs calcification 2 Hrs3. Acute inflammation – acute appendicitis, chronic inflammation- Tb Lymphnode 2 Hrs4. Chronic venous congestion- liver and lung 2 Hrs5. Benign and malignant tumor – lipoma and malignant melanoma 2 Hrs
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Vinay Kumar Abul Abbas Jon Aster 9th Edition. Elsevier publishers.
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General Microbiology
Core 2 Section B
Theory 15 Hours
1. Introduction to General Microbiology - 1 hr2. General properties of Bacteria - Morphology, classification, Physiology and
growth of micro-organisms. - 1 hr3. Microbiology of oral flora - 1 hr4. Morphology, Classification, Pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis of bacterial
pathogens of oral cavity - 4 hr(I) Staphylococci, Streptococci(II) Corynebacterium diphtheriae(III) Actinomycetes & T. pallidum(IV) M. tuberculosis
5. General properties of Viruses - Structure and Classification - 1 hr6. Structure, Classification, Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of viral
pathogens- 3 hr (I) HIV(II) Hepatitis viruses B & C(III) Herpes viruses
7. General properties of Fungi - Structure and Classification - 1 hr8. Oral Candidiasis - 1 hr9. Infection control practices while handling cadavers - Sterilisation & disinfection- 1 hr10. Biomedical Waste Management - 1 hr
Module2 Section B
Practical’s 10 Hours 1. Applied bacteriology - 6 hr
(I)Gram stain(II)ZN staining(III)VDRL serological test - Case scenario
2. Applied virology - 4 hr(I) Case scenario - HIV(II) Case scenario - Hepatitis B
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Text of Microbiology- Ananthanarayan & Paniker 10th Edition, The Orient
Blackswan 2. Text of Microbiology- Apurba Shankar Sastry, 2nd Edition, Jaypee Brothers,
Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited
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3. Text book of Microbiology- Dr.C.P.Baveja, 6th Edition, Avichal Publishing Company 4. Mackie & McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology- J.G.College et al, 14th
Edition, New York : Churchill Livingstone5. Bailey & Scott’s- Diagnostic Microbiology Ellen Jo Baron et.al., 14th Edition, St.
Louis, Missouri : Elsevier
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FORENSIC SCIENCE
Core 3 Section A
THEORY 15 Hrs
OBJECTIVES Learning Objectives: After studying this paper the students will know –
a. The significance of forensic science to human society. b. The fundamental principles and functions of forensic science. c. The divisions in a forensic science laboratory. d. The working of the forensic establishments in India and abroad
Unit-I Introduction to Forensic Science 05 HrsDefinitions, Concepts, Scope, Need and Basic principles of Forensic Science. Frye Criterion, Daubert standards and Indian enactments for evidence. Forensic science in international perspectives, including set up of INTERPOL and FBI.
Unit-II Forensic Science Establishments 05 HrsHierarchical set up and location of Central Forensic Science Laboratories, Central Detective Training Institutes, State Forensic Science Laboratories. Duties of forensic scientists; Basic and optional services.
Unit-III Crime Scene Management 05 HrsCrime Scene; Meaning, types, Methods of Search. Recording and documentation of crime scene; Sketching, Photography and Crime Scene Logs.
Suggested Readings 1. B.B. Nanda and R.K. Tiwari, Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the Twenty
First Century, Select Publishers, New Delhi (2001). 2. M.K. Bhasin and S. Nath, Role of Forensic Science in the New Millennium,
University of Delhi, Delhi (2002). 3. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and
Investigative Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005). 4. W.G. Eckert and R.K. Wright in Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edition,
W.G. Eckert (ED.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997). 5. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). 6. Annamma John, ‘Advanced Technology in Forensic Investigation-A handbook
with case studies’ (2019)
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Practical 10 hrsModule 3 Section A
1. Practical-1Title: Examination of a Simulated Scene of CrimeLearning outcomes: To know the procedure of examination of examination of a crime scene, by visiting a simulated scene of crime.
2. Practical-2Title: Documentation of a simulated scene of crimeLearning Outcome: To learn the methods of record the scene of crime, by the preparation of sketches. Drawing of the crime scene becomes an important component of the court room presentation and Recording Notes, which is a narrative as seen by the first responder is also
3. Practical-3Title: Crime Scene Photography.Learning Outcome:To learn the methods of recording and documenting of a crime scene, by means of photography.To learn the various techniques of photographing of a crime scene and recording of the evidence materials.
References:1. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). 2. Annamma John, ‘Advanced Technology in Forensic Investigation-A handbook
with case studies’ (2019)3. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and
Investigative Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005).
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DENTAL MATERIALS & APPLIED ASPECTS 15 hrs
Core 3 Section B
IMPORTANT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES APPLICABLE TO DENTAL MATERIALS 4 hrsPhysical properties based on laws of mechanics, acoustics, optics, thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, radiation, atomic structure or nuclear phenomena. Thermal conductivity & coefficient of thermal expansion are physical properties based on laws of thermodynamics. Stress, strain, proportional limit, elastic limit yield strength, modulus of elasticity, flexibility, resilience, impact, impact strength, permanent deformation, strength, flexure strength fatigue, static fatigue, toughness, brittleness, ductility & malleability, hardness, abrasion resistance, relaxation, rheology, Thixotropic, creep, static creep, dynamic creep, flow, color, three dimensional color – hue, values, chroma, Munsell system, metamersim, fluorescence, physical properties of tooth, stress during mastication
BIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN USE OF DENTAL MATERIALS 2 hrsClassification of materials from perspective of biological compatibility, e.g., contact with soft tissues, affecting vitality of pulp, used for root canal fillings, affecting hard tissues of teeth, laboratory materials that could be accidentally be inhaled or ingested during handling. Hazards associated with materials: pH-affecting pulp, polymers causing chemical irritation, mercury toxicity, etc. Microleakage, Thermal changes, Galvanism, toxic effect of materials. Biological evaluation for systemic toxicity, skin irritation, mutagenecity and carcinogenicity. Disinfection of dental materials for infection control.
GYPSUM & GYPSUM PRODUCTS 5 hrs• Gypsum–its origin, chemical formula, Products manufactured from gypsum.• Dental plaster, Dental stone, Die stone, high strength, high expansion stone.
Application of each, macroscopic and microscopic structure of each, Chemistry of setting, setting reaction, theories of setting, gauging water, Microscopic structure of set material.
• Setting time: working time and setting time, Measurement of setting time and factors controlling setting time. Setting expansion, Hygroscopic setting expansion – factors affecting each
• Care of cast.• ADA classification of gypsum products• Disinfection : infection control, liquids, sprays, radiation• Storage of material – shelf life
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IMPRESSION MATERIALS USED IN DENTISTRY- 4 hrs• Impression plaster, Impression compound, Zinc oxide eugenol impression paste
& bite registration paste incl., non eugenol paste, Hydrocolloids, reversible and irreversible, Elastomeric impression materials.
• Definition of impression , Purpose of making impression, Ideal properties required and application of material, Classification as per ADA specification, general & individual impression material.
• Type of impression trays required, Adhesion to tray, manipulation, instruments & equipments required.
Module 3 Section B
PRACTICALS 10hrsManipulation of1. Plaster of Paris2. Dental Stone3. Impression compound4. Elastomeric Impression Materials
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:I. Kenneth J. Anusavice .Phillips Science of Dental Materials, 11th editionII. Robert G.Craig -Restorative Dental Material, 11th EditionIII. V.Shama Bhat & B.T. Nandeesh -Science of Dental materials clinical appli-
cations, editionIV. Criag,Powers, Wataha -Dental Materials-Properties and Manipulation, 8th
editionV. E.C. Combe. Notes on Dental Materials, 6th editionVI. O’ Brien, W.J. Dental materials – Properties and their selection, 2nd editionVII. Mc Cabe. Applied dental materials –– 8th edition
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IInd semester
DENTAL MATERIALS & APPLIED ASPECTS 30hrs
Core 1 Section A
I. IMPRESSION MATERIALS USED IN DENTISTRY 3 hrs1. Impression plaster, Impression compound, Zinc oxide eugenol impression
paste & bite registration paste incl., non eugenol paste, Hydrocolloids, reversible and irreversible, Elastomeric impression materials.
2. Definition of impression , Purpose of making impression, Ideal properties required and application of material, Classification as per ADA specification, general & individual impression material.
3. Type of impression trays required, Adhesion to tray, manipulation, instruments & equipments required.
II. DENTAL WAXES 2 hrs1. Introduction and importance of waxes. Sources of natural waxes and their
chemical nature. Classification of Waxes, Properties: melting range, thermal expansion, mechanical properties, flow & residual stresses, ductility.
2. Other waxes: Applications, mode of supply & properties.3. Impression wax, Bite registration wax.
3. SYNTHETIC RESINS USED IN DENTISTRY 5 hrs1. Classification of resins2. Dental resins – requirements of dental resins, applications, polymerisation,
and polymerisation mechanism stages in addition polymerisation, inhibition of polymerisation, co polymerization, molecular weight, cross linking, plasticizers, Physical properties of polymers, polymer structures types of resins.
3. Acrylic Resins:4. Restorative Resins:
4. METAL AND ALLOYS 4 hrs1. Structure and behavior of metals, Solidification of metals, mechanism of
crystallization amorphous & crystalline. Classification of alloys, Solid solutions, and Constitutes or equilibrium phase diagrams: Electric alloys, Physical properties, Peritectic alloys, Solid state reaction other binary systems: Metallography & Heat treatment. Tarnish and corrosion. Definition: causes of corrosion, protection against corrosion. Corrosion of dental restorations, clinical significance of galvanic current.
2. Dental Amalgam 3hrs3. Direct filling gold:1hrs4. Dental casting alloys: Classification of casting alloys: By function &
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description, Alloys for crown & bridge, metal ceramic & removable partial denture. Composition, function, constituents and application, each alloy both noble and base metal. Properties of alloys: Melting range, mechanical properties, hardness, and elongation, modulus of elasticity, tarnish and corrosion. Biocompatibility - Handling hazards & precautions of base metal alloys, casting investments used. Heat treatment, Softening & hardening heat treatment. Titanium alloys & their application, properties & advantages.
5. DENTAL CEMENTS 6 hrsDefinition & Ideal requirements:Cements: Silicate, Glass ionomer and modified glass ionomer, Modifications and recent advances, Principles of cementation. Other dental cements
6. DENTAL CERAMICS 4 hrsDental ceramics: definition, classification, application, mode of supply, manufacturing procedure, methods of strengthening. Properties of fused ceramic: Metal Ceramics (PFM): Alloys - Types and composition of alloys, Ceramic - Type and Composition.
7. DENTAL IMPLANTS 2 hrEvolution of dental implants, types and materials
PRACTICALS 10hrs
Module 1 Section A
Manipulation of1. Dental Amalgam2. Dental Cements3. Alginate
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Kenneth J. Anusavice .Phillips Science of Dental Materials, 11th edition2. Robert G.Craig -Restorative Dental Material, 11th Edition3. V.Shama Bhat & B.T. Nandeesh -Science of Dental materials clinical
applications, edition4. Criag,Powers, Wataha -Dental Materials-Properties and Manipulation,
8th edition5. E.C. Combe. Notes on Dental Materials, 6th edition6. O’ Brien, W.J. Dental materials – Properties and their selection, 2nd edition7. Mc Cabe. Applied dental materials – 8th edition
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ORAL PATHOLOGY & APPLIED ASPECTS Theory: 30 hrs
Core 1 Section B
1. Developmental disturbances of oral and para-oral structures 20 hrsjaws and soft tissues of oral & paraoral region: Introduction to developmental disturbances - Hereditary, Familial mutation, Hormonal etc. causes to be highlighted. Developmental disturbances of teeth - Etiopathogenesis, clinical features, radiological features & histopathological features as appropriate :- The size, shape, number, structure & eruption of teeth & clinical significance of the anomalies to be emphasized. Developmental disturbances of jaws - size & shape of the jaws. Developmental disturbances of oral & paraoral soft tissues - lip & palate - clefts, tongue, gingiva, mouth, salivary glands & face.
2. Physical, Chemical and Biological injuries of the oral cavity 2 hrs3. Regressive alterations of teeth 2 hrs4. Radiation effects on oral cavity 1 hr5. Healing of Oral wounds & complications 2 hrs6. Systemic Diseases involving Oral cavity : 3 hrs
Brief review & oral manifestations, diagnosis & significance of common Blood, Nutritional, Hormonal & Metabolic diseases of Oral cavity
Practicals 10 hrs
Module 1 Section B
1. Identification of Hard and Soft Tissue specimens 3 hrs2. Demonstration of cytosmear and bacteriology smear 3 hrs3. Identification of Microscopic slides of various Oral Lesions: 4 hrs
a. Pit & Fissure cariesb. Smooth surface cariesc. Dental caries – Liquefaction Focid. Pulp Hyperemia Pulp polype. Periapical Granulomaf. Radicular Cystg. Cholesterol Crystals
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Text book of Oral Pathology, Shafer, Hine and Levy, 4th,5th,6th Ed2. Text book of Oral Pathology, Neville, Allan, Bouquot, 3rd, 4th Ed, Elsevier3. Text book of Oral Pathology, Regezzi, Schuibba, 5th and 6th Ed, Elsevier
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Core 2
ORAL RADIOLOGY & APPLIED ASPECT 30 Hrs a. Scope of the subject and history of origin 2 hrsb. Physics of radiation: 3 hrs
• Nature and types of radiations• Source of radiations• Production of X- rays• Properties of X-rays
c. Biological effects of radiation 2 hrsd. Radiation safety and protection measures 2 hrse. Principles of image production 3 hrsf. Radiographic techniques: 6 hrs
Intra-Orala. Periapical radiographs (Bisecting and parallelling techniques)b. Bite wing radiographsc. Occlusal radiographs Extra-orald. Lateral projections of skull and jaw bones and paranasal sinusese. Cephalogramsf. Orthopantomographg. Projections of temporomandibular joint and condyle of mandibleh. Projections for Zygomatic archesi. Radiographic normal anatomical landmarks 6 hrs j. Faulty radiographs and artifacts in radiographs 2 hrs k. Advanced imaging techniques 2 hrsl. Radiographic differential diagnosis of maxillofacial pathologies 2 hrs
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PRACTICALSORAL RADIOLOGY
Module 2
Demonstration 10 hrs
Intra-oral radiographs - Periapical, bitewing, OcclusalPanoramic radiography, Skull radiography.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Textbook of Oral Medicine and Basic Oral Radiology. Anil Govindrao Ghom,
.2014 3 rd Edition. Jaypee publications.2. Oral Radiology.Principles and Interpretation. Stuart C. White, Michael J. Pharoah
.2008. 6 th Edition.Mosby publications.3. Essentials of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Freny R. Karjodkar 2014. Jaypee
publications.4. Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology.5th Edition. Eric Whaites
Nicholas Drage. Elsevier publications.
Research Methodology
Core 3 Section A
Overview This course is to help students design their research projects by addressing the fundamentals of research designs and methods in social sciences. The course covers a variety of issues—the selection of research topic, the articulation of research questions, the development of theory and the derivation of empirically testable hypotheses
By completing this course, student will be able to: • Conduct scientific research, which is reproducible by other researchers. • Identify theories, hypotheses, and methods used in social science research. • Choose a method and apply it to your own research in order to answer your
research questions.
Introduction to Research Methodology (1 Hour)Research Methodology- Meaning of research; Types of research- Exploratory research, Conclusive research; The process of research; Research applications; Features of a Good research study.
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Review of literature: (2 Hours)Information Sources- Scientific Journals, Periodicals, Books, and other publications.
Research Design: (3 Hours)Meaning of Research Designs; Nature and Classification of Research Designs; Exploratory Research Designs: Secondary Resource analysis, Case study Method, Expert opinion survey, Focus group discussions; Descriptive Research Designs: Cross-sectional studies and Longitudinal studies; Experimental Designs, Errors affecting Research Design.
Research Problem and Formulation of Research Hypotheses: (4 Hours)Research Question: Problem Identification & Formulation – Research Question – Investigation Question – Measurement Issues – Hypothesis – Qualities of a good Hypothesis –Null Hypothesis & Alternative Hypothesis. Hypothesis Testing – Logic & Importance
Tools for data collection: (3 hours)Collections of Primary Data, Collection of Data through questionnaire and Schedules, other Observation Interview Methods, Collection of Secondary Data, Selection of appropriate method for data collection, Techniques of developing research tools, viz. Questionnaire and rating scales etc. Reliability and validity of Research tools.
Qualitative and Quantitative Research: (2 hours)Qualitative research – Quantitative research – Concept of measurement, causality, generalization, replication, Focus Group Discussion, Merging the two approaches.
Report writing: (2 hours)Introduction to research report & its components, typing and formatting of research report including placement and numbering of figures and tables. Interpretation of Data and Paper Writing – Layout of a Research Paper, Journals, Impact factor of Journals, When and where to publish, Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism.
Referencing and Bibliography: (1 Hour)Different systems of Citing References- Harvard system, Vancouver system, Chicago system, MLA and APA system, Footnote Reference system.
Systematic reviews and Meta analysis: ( 1 Hour)Introduction, Need and Types of systematic reviews, Steps of systematic reviews, advantages of meta-analysis, Forest plotApplication of computer in research- MS- Office and SPSS. ( 1 Hour)
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References: 1. Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to
Research Methodology, RBSA Publishers. 2. Sinha, S.C. and Dhiman, A.K., 2002. Research Methodology, Ess Ess Publications.
2 volumes.3. Trochim, W.M.K., 2005. Research Methods: the concise knowledge base, Atomic
Dog Publishing. 270p4. C.R. Kothari; “Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques”, 2004. 5. Ranjit Kumar; “Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners”,
4th Edition, SAGE publications, 2014. 6. D K Bhattacharyya; “Research Methodology”, 2nd Edition, Excel Books, 2006
Core 3 Section A
Bio-ethics 10 Hrs
1. Theory, Principles, Rules, and Moral Decisions 1 Hr2. The principles of biomedical ethics 1 Hr3. Recognize the requirements for autonomous choice 1 Hr4. Define competency and decisional capacity 1 Hr5. Recognize and distinguish the various types of controlling influences that
Undermine voluntariness 1 Hr6. Recognize and distinguish no maleficence and beneficence 2 Hrs 7. Paternalism and its importance 1 Hr8. Formal principle of justice 1 Hr9. The Utilitarian, egalitarian, and libertarian views of justice. 1 Hr
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. An Introduction to Bioethics: Revised, Updated Edition. Thomas A. Shannon
Nicholas J. Kockler. Paulist Press, 2009, 4 th Edition.2. Bioethics. Kálmán Nyéki Gyula G. Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem, 20113. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Kenneth V Iserson. Jones and Bartlett Publishers
20174. Encyclopaedia of Bioethics. Dartmouth Medal. Stephen Garrard Post
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Basic and Advanced Biostatistics
Learning Objectives
Core 3 Section B
The course will enable the student to understand how to effectively collect data, describe data, and use data to make inferences and conclusions about real world phenomena. After finishing this course, students should be able to:1. Recognize the importance of data collection and its role in determining scope
of inference.2. Demonstrate an understanding of interval estimation and hypothesis testing.3. Choose and apply appropriate statistical methods for analyzing one or two
variables.4. Use technology to perform descriptive and inferential data analysis for one or
two variables.5. Interpret statistical results correctly, effectively, and in context.6. Understand and critique data-based claims.7. Appreciate the power of data.8. Apply the basic terminology and definitions of epidemiology.
Essential References:1. Daniel, W.W. (2005). Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in health sciences
(8th ed.) New York: John wiley and Sons.2. Dillon, W.R. & Goldstein, M. (1984). Multivariate analysis: Methods &
Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 3. Hassart, T.H (1991). Understanding Biostatistics. ST. Louis: Mosby year Book. 4. Kothari, C.R.(2003) Research Methodology. New Delhi: Wishwa Prakshna.5. Siegal, S. & castellan, N.J (1988). Non – parametric statistics for the behavioral
sciences. McGraw Hill: New Delhi
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III rd semester
Core 1
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY: 60 Hrs 1. Introduction to forensic odontology: 02 Hrs
a. Recent developments and future trends
2. History of Forensic Dentistry 02 Hrs3.Scope of Forensic Odontology 4.Maintaining dental records 04 Hrs
• Basic aspects of good record keeping • Different types of dental records • Dental charts • Dental radiographs • Study casts • Denture marking • Photographs
5. Age estimation in adults 08 Hrs• Radiographic and clinical method
6. Sex determination in adults from radiographs 06 Hrs7. Dental and Maxillofacial trauma 02 Hrs8. Dental identification: 04 Hrs
• Definition • Basis for dental identification • Postmortem procedures • Dental record compilation and interpretation • Comparison of data and principles of report writing • Postmortem changes of oral structures
9.Maintaining dental records 04 Hrs• Basic aspects of good record keeping • Different types of dental records
10. Computers in Forensics 02 Hrs11. Ethnic variations (‘racial’ differences) in tooth morphology 04 Hrs
• Description of human population groups • Genetic and environmental influences on tooth morphology • Description of metric and non-metric dental features used in ethnic
differentiation 12. Age estimation in adults 04 Hrs
• Morphologic and Histologic method • Morphologic methods
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13. Sex determination in adults from dental and skeletal morphology 04 Hrs
14.Dentist’s role in mass disasters 04 Hrs 15.Bite mark procedures 04 Hrs
• Definition and classification • Basis for bite mark investigation • Bite mark appearance • Macroscopic and microscopic ageing of bite marks • Evidence collection from the victim and suspect of bite mark • Analysis and comparison • Principles of report writing • Animal bite investigation 06 Hrs
16. International Organisation for Forensic Odontolostomatology (IOFOS) and American Board of Forensic Odontology (ABFO) quality assurance guidelines in evidence collection, preservation, analysis and report writing. PRACTICALSFORENSIC ODONTOLOGY 10 HrsModule 1
I. Age estimation in children & adults• Radiographic method• Clinical method• Histologic method• II. Sex determination in adults from Morphometric, Radiographic. Dental
and Skeletal morphology.II. Bite mark proceduresIII. International Organization for Forensic Odonto -stomatology (IOFOS) and American Board of Forensic Odontology (ABFO) quality assurance guide- lines in evidence collection, preservation, analysis and report writing.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1 Forensic Dental evidence, Mike Bowers, Elsevier Publ1 Forensic Radiology, B.G.Brogdon, 2nd Ed, CRP Press, 20102 Bite Mark Evidence, Robert BJ Dorian, 1st Ed, CRP Press, 20043 Dental Autopsy, William E Silver, Richard R Souviron, 1st Ed, CRP Press,
2009.4 Forensic Dentistry, Senn DR and PG Simson, 2nd Ed, CRP Press, 20105 Forensic Photography, Sanford L Weiss, 1st Ed, Prentice Hall, 20086 Manual of Forensic odontology, Herschaft EE, Alder ME, Ord DK, Rawson
RD & Smith ES, 4th Ed, ASFO, 20077 A color atlas of forensic dentistry, Whittaker DK and Mc Donald DG, 1st Ed,
46
Mosby Yr Book, 19898 Digital analysis of bite mark evidence, RJ Johanson & Bowers CM9 Forensic dentistry, PG Simson &Mertz CA, 1st Ed, CRP Press, 199710 Computer graphic facial reconstruction, JG Clemat, MK Marks, Elsevier,201011 Forensic facial reconstruction, C.Wilkinson, 1st press, Cambridge univ press,
200812 Forensic odontology, G Willams, Leuven Univ Press, 200013 Practical forensic odontology, DH Clark, Butterworth-Heinemman Publis14 Forensic odontology, G Gustafson, 1st Ed, Elsevier, 1966.15 Text Book of Forensic odontology, Yadav, Globalmedik, 2010.
RECOMMENDED JOURNALS:1 Forensic Science International2 Journal of Forensic Sciences3 American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology4 Forensic Science International5 Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology6 Environmental Forensics7 Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine8 Science and Justice - Journal of the Forensic Science Society9 Forensic Toxicology10 Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology11 Journal of Forensic Identification12 Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology13 Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology14 Journal of the Canadian Society of Forensic Science15 Anil Aggrawal’s Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology16 Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences17 Journal of Forensic Practice18 International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics19 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology20 International Journal of Forensic Mental Health21 Journal of Digital Forensic Practice22 Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging23 Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine24 Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine25 Forensic Science International Supplement Series26 Forensic Science Review27 Journal of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology28 International journal of forensic science & pathology29 Journal of forensic dental sciences30 The open forensic science journal31 Journal of clinical forensic medicine32 The International journal of forensic dentistry
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APPLIED ASPECTS OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
Core 2
Theory 30 hrs
1. Age estimation in children– 9hrs • Based on the height and weight of the children• Based on the tooth emergence• Based on tooth calcification – Demirijan’s method, Nolla’s method
2. Sex determination in children– 3hrs• Based on dental and craniofacial structures
3. Child abuse and forensic dentist’s role– 4 hrs • Definition of child abuse • Types of Abuse• Reporting of the child abuse• Legal issues with reporting child abuse
4. Forensic Photography- 4hrs5. Post Natal Growth and Development– 10hrs
• Post Natal Growth and Development of cranium• Theories of growth and development• Post natal growth and development of maxilla and mandible including age
changes • Development of dentition• Development of occlusion• Factors influencing growth
Practical 10 hrs Module 2
• Age estimation based on eruption of teeth– 1hrs• Demirijan’s method of age estimation– 3hrs• Nolla’s method– 2hrs• Sex determination in children in dental and craniofacial structures– 2hrs • Chronology of eruption of teeth- 2hrs
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. David R Senn, Richard A Weems. Manual of Forensic Odontology. 5th Edition,
CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group2. Catherine Adams, Romina Carabott, Sam Evans. Forensic Odontology – An
Essential Guide. 1st Edition, Wiley Balckwell Publisher3. Nitul Jain. Text book of Forensic Odontology. 1st Edition, Jaypee Publisher4. Shobha Tandon. Text of Paediatric Dentistry. 3rd Edition, Paras Medical Publisher5. Donald H. Enlow, Robert E. Moyers. Handbook of facial growth 2nd Edition,
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Saunders Publisher6. Thomas David Jim Lewis. Forensic Odontology. Principles and practice. 1st
Edition, Wiley Publisher7. Robert Moyers. Handbook of Orthodontics. 4th Edition, Elsevier Publisher8. MS Muthu, N Sivakumar. Pediatric Dentistry. Principles and Practice. 2nd Edition, Elsevier Publisher9. PR Chockalingham. Illustrated Pediatric Dentistry. 1st Edition, Wolters Kluwer.
APPLIED FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY (Total hours - 60)IDENTIFICATION 10 hrs• Identification: Definition and types, Characteristics of Identification.
Determination of race, religion, gender, disorders of sexual development. Determination of age. Role of scars, tattoo, occupational marks in identification. Anthropometry. Finger prints, foot prints etc. and their medico legal aspects.
• Forensic Anthropology: skeletal remains examination of skull & mandible.
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY 8 hrs• Physical illness and mental illness , definition of Forensic Psychiatry , common
mental disorders and abnormal human behaviours, medico legal aspects of insanity and abnormal human behaviour, mental illness and responsibility, civil and criminal responsibilities of mentally ill , true insanity and Feigned insanity, mental retardation and its types, psychiatric assessment and certification, mental Health Care Act 2017.
FORENSIC TRAUMATOLOGY 16 hrsa) Mechanical injuries & their medico legal aspects in relation to nature of injuries,
accidental, suicidal, homicidal. Distinction between injuries caused during life and death. Medico legal examination of injured person.
b) Regional and Transportation injuries. Injuries from thermal, electricity, lightning and radiation.
c) Torture medicine: medico legal aspects & duties of physician in cases of torture.d) Mass disasters, Bombs and other explosives. Biological and chemical warfare agents.
FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY: 7 hrsa. Definition of General & forensic toxicology.b. Laws about poisons.c. Classification of poisons.d. Factors modifying the action of poisons.e. Diagnosis and treatment of poisoning.f. Duties of a doctor in suspected case of poisoning.g. Oral manifestations of poisons.
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POSTMORTEM CHANGES 7 hrsImmediate changes after death. Early changes after death: Changes in the skin and eye, Post-mortem Staining, Rigor mortis, Algor mortis. Late changes after death: decomposition, adipocere, mummification.
LEGAL PROCEDURE 6 hrsa. Definition of medical jurisprudence. Criminal courts & their powers, inquests and legal procedures, procedure in court, medical evidence, various medical certificates, medico legal reports, dying declaration & dying deposition, witness, conduct and duties of the doctor in the witness box, professional secrecy.
RELEVANT PARTS OF INDIAN PENAL CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT 4 HRS
SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT LANDMARK JUDGMENTS RELATED TO FORENSIC MEDICINE AND MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE 2 HRS
Module 3
PRACTICAL 10 hrsa. Medico-legal autopsy including fetal autopsy (Demonstration) : 1 hrsb. Oral Autopsy (demonstration) : 1 hrsc. Age estimation and Medico-legal examination of X-rays : 2 hrsd. Medico-legal injury report preparation: 1 hrse. Medico-legal examination of bones, weapons, photographs, clothing, wet
specimens, poisons 3 hrsf. Court evidence / attendance: 1 hrs.g. Expert opinion on clinical cases of medico legal importance: 1 hrs.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Modi’s Text book of medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology.2. The essentials of forensic medicine & toxicology. K.S.N. Reddy.3. The textbook of Forensic Medicine. J.B. Mukharjee, Vol. 1 & 2.4. Principles of Forensic Medicine. A. Nandy.5. A Textbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Principles & Practice. Krishan Vij6. Textbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology V.V. Pillay.7. Modern Medical Toxicology. V.V. Pillay8. Forensic Pathology. Bernard Knight9. Handbook of Forensic Pathology. Vincent J.M. Di Maio & Suzzanna E. Dana.
RECOMMENDED JOURNALS: 1. Journal of Karnataka Medico-Legal Society 2. Journal of South India Medico-Legal Association 3. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine
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4. Journal of Forensic Sciences.5. Journal of Legal Medicine (Of American College Medicine.).6. Journal of Forensic Science Society.7. Medico-legal update.8. American Journal of Law & Medicine.9. American Journal of Forensic Medicine.10. Forensic Science International.11. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine.12. Medicine Science & Law.13. Science & Justice.14. Journal of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology15. Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, (Medico-legal Society.)16. Medico-legal Update, An International Journal.17. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine.18. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine19. International Journal of Legal Medicine20. Forensic Science international21. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology22. Indian Journal of Forensic sciences
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