Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of...

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Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents

Transcript of Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of...

Page 1: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Pressure

Floating and Sinking

Pascal’s Principle

Bernoulli’s Principle

Table of Contents

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Forces in Fluids - Pressure

What Is Pressure?

Pressure decreases as the area over which a force is distributed increases.

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Forces in Fluids

Area The area of a surface is the number of square units that it covers. To find the area of a rectangle, multiply its length by its width. The area of the rectangle below is 2 cm X 3 cm, or 6 cm2.

- Pressure

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Forces in Fluids

Area

Practice Problem

Which has a greater area: a rectangle that is 5 cm X 20 cm or a square that is 10 cm X 10 cm?

Both have the same area, 100 cm2.

5 cm X 20 cm = 100 cm2

10 cm X 10 cm = 100 cm2

- Pressure

Page 5: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids - Pressure

Fluid Pressure

All of the forces exerted by the individual particles in a fluid combine to make up the pressure exerted by the fluid.

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Forces in Fluids - Pressure

Variations in Fluid Pressure

As your elevation increases, atmospheric pressure decreases.

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Forces in Fluids - Pressure

Variations in Fluid Pressure

Water pressure increases as depth increases.

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Forces in Fluids

Previewing VisualsBefore you read, preview Figure 5. Then write two questions that you have about the diagram in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, answer your questions.

Pressure Variations

Q. Why does the pressure change with elevation and depth?

A. Air and water exert pressure, so pressure varies depending on how much air or water is above you.

Q. How much greater is water pressure at a depth of 6,500 m than it is at sea level?

A. It is about 650 times greater.

- Pressure

Page 9: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Links on Fluids and Pressure

Click the SciLinks button for links on fluids and pressure.

- Pressure

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Forces in Fluids

End of Section:Pressure

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Forces in Fluids - Floating and Sinking

Buoyancy

The pressure on the bottom of a submerged object is greater than the pressure on the top. The result is a net force in the upward direction.

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Forces in Fluids - Floating and Sinking

Buoyancy

The buoyant force acts in the direction opposite to the force of gravity, so it makes an object feel lighter.

Page 13: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids - Floating and Sinking

Buoyancy

Achimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces.

Page 14: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids - Floating and Sinking

Buoyancy

A solid block of steel sinks when placed in water. A steel ship with the same weight floats.

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Forces in Fluids - Floating and Sinking

Density

Changes in density cause a submarine to dive, rise, or float.

Page 16: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Relating Cause and EffectAs you read, identify the reasons why an object sinks. Write them down in a graphic organizer like the one below.

Object sinks.

Weight is greater than buoyant force.

Object is denser than fluid.

Object takes on mass and becomes denser than fluid.

Object is compressed and becomes denser than fluid.

- Floating and Sinking

Effect

Causes

Page 17: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Density

Click the Video button to watch a movie about density.

- Floating and Sinking

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Forces in Fluids

End of Section:Floating and

Sinking

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Forces in Fluids - Pascal’s Principle

Transmitting Pressure in a Fluid

When force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

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Forces in Fluids - Pascal’s Principle

Hydraulic Devices

In a hydraulic device, a force applied to one piston increases the fluid pressure equally throughout the fluid.

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Forces in Fluids - Pascal’s Principle

Hydraulic Devices

By changing the size of the pistons, the force can be multiplied.

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Forces in Fluids

Hydraulic Systems Activity

Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about hydraulic systems.

- Pascal’s Principle

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Forces in Fluids

Comparing Hydraulic Lifts

In the hydraulic device in Figure 15, a force applied to the piston on the left produces a lifting force in the piston on the right. The graph shows the relationship between the applied force and the lifting force for two hydraulic lifts.

- Pascal’s Principle

Page 24: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Comparing Hydraulic Lifts

Lift A: 4,000 N; lift B: 2,000 N

Reading Graphs:

Suppose a force of 1,000 N is applied to both lifts. Use the graph to determine the lifting force of each lift.

- Pascal’s Principle

Page 25: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Comparing Hydraulic Lifts

3,000 N

Reading Graphs:

For Lift A, how much force must be applied to lift a 12,000-N object?

- Pascal’s Principle

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Forces in Fluids

Comparing Hydraulic Lifts

Lift A: applied force is multiplied by four; lift B: applied force is multiplied by two.

Interpreting Data:

By how much is the applied force multiplied for each lift?

- Pascal’s Principle

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Forces in Fluids

Comparing Hydraulic Lifts

The slope gives the ratio of the lifting force to the applied force. The greater the slope, the more the lift multiplies force.

Interpreting Data:

What can you learn from the slope of the line for each lift?

- Pascal’s Principle

Page 28: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Comparing Hydraulic Lifts

Lift A, because it multiplies force more than lift B.

Drawing Conclusions:

Which lift would you choose if you wanted to produce the greater lifting force?

- Pascal’s Principle

Page 29: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids - Pascal’s Principle

Hydraulic Brakes

The hydraulic brake system of a car multiplies the force exerted on the brake pedal.

Page 30: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Asking QuestionsBefore you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a what or how question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions.

How is pressure transmitted in a fluid?

Pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

What is a hydraulic system?

A hydraulic system uses a confined fluid to transmit pressure.

Question Answer

- Pascal’s Principle

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Forces in Fluids

End of Section:Pascal’s Principle

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Forces in Fluids - Bernoulli’s Principle

Bernoulli’s Principle

Bernoulli’s principle states that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases.

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Forces in Fluids - Bernoulli’s Principle

Applying Bernoulli’s Principle

Bernoulli’s principle helps explain how planes fly.

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Forces in Fluids - Bernoulli’s Principle

Applying Bernoulli’s Principle

An atomizer is an application of Bernoulli’s principle.

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Forces in Fluids - Bernoulli’s Principle

Applying Bernoulli’s Principle

Thanks in part to Bernoulli's principle, you can enjoy an evening by a warm fireplace without the room filling up with smoke.

Page 36: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids - Bernoulli’s Principle

Applying Bernoulli’s Principle

Like an airplane wing, a flying disk uses a curved upper surface to create lift.

Page 37: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Main Idea

Detail Detail Detail

Identifying Main IdeasAs you read the section “Applying Bernoulli’s Principle,” write the main idea in a graphic organizer like the one below. Then write three supporting details that further explain the main idea.

Bernoulli’s principle is a factor that helps explain…

how airplanes fly

why smoke rises up a chimney

how an atomizer works

- Bernoulli’s Principle

Page 38: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

Links on Bernoulli’s Principle

Click the SciLinks button for links on Bernoulli’s principle.

- Bernoulli’s Principle

Page 39: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

End of Section:Bernoulli’s Principle

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Forces in Fluids

Graphic Organizer

How a Hydraulic Device Works

Pressure in a confined fluid is increased.

Force is applied to a small piston.

The pressure is transmitted equally throughout the fluid.

The confined fluid presses on a piston with a larger surface area.

The original force is multiplied.

Page 41: Forces in Fluids Pressure Floating and Sinking Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Table of Contents.

Forces in Fluids

End of Section:Graphic Organizer


Why did Cournot’s principle disappear? · French and by Kolmogorov (Bernoulli’s theorem + Cournot’s principle) breaks down for stochastic processes. Bernoulli’s theorem does

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Unit 6 : Part 1 Fluids. Overview Pressure and Pascal’s Principle Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle Fluid Dynamics and Bernoulli’s Equation.

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Pascal’s Principle (hydraulic systems)

Pascal’s Principle (hydraulic systems)

Pascal’s Principle:

Pascal’s Principle:

Fluid Flows and Bernoulli’s Principle - West Virginia University · 2017-03-31 · Fluid Flows and Bernoulli’s Principle ... There are a lot of applications where this applies!

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Bernoulli’s Principle Natalie O’Neal Vickie Rincones Emily Perkins Brittany Schultz Tenneille Duke.

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Measuring Pressure: More Practice. Pascal’s Principle: Student Success Criteria I can state Pascal's principle, explain its applications in.

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