For the acceleration of Technology Transfer - un.org the acceleration of Technology Transfer 1 ......
Transcript of For the acceleration of Technology Transfer - un.org the acceleration of Technology Transfer 1 ......
For the acceleration of Technology Transfer
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Kazuhiko HombuMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry
JAPAN
Technology transfer (TT) & IPR in business
• The private sector owns technologies and TT takes place in various ways. TT depend on the sector and the country.– Product exports (e.g. many initial plants)– On-site production through FDI – JV (e.g. CDQ(Coke Dry Quenching) and waste heat
recovery system)– Licensing (e.g. coal power plants)
• Possession of IPR and its profit are a basic tool to recoup R&D investment, a strong incentive for further TT and a main source of business competitiveness and profit.
• Improving the business environment will make TT easier and sustainable as well as attract more investment into the developing countries.
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TT in power generation sector
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Tangshan 125MW× 2
Tangshan250MW× 2
Ezhou 300MW× 2
Jinjiang350MW× 2
Tuoketuo600MW× 2
Wangqu600MW× 2
Changshu600MW× 2
Fuyang 600MW× 2
Zouxian ?600MW× 2
Lanxi600MW× 3
Zouxian ?1,000MW× 2
Yanshi 300MW× 2
Luoyang 600MW
Shanwei 600MW× 2
Yang zhou600MW× 2
Hebi600MW× 2
Jingmen600MW
Qinzhou600MW
Supercritical
Subcritical
Tuoketuo ?600MW
Jiaxing600MW× 2
Zhanhua660MW
Hegu 600MW× 2
Qinbei 600MW× 2
Jinjiang350MW
Waigaoqiao900MW
Huilai600MW
Fang ChengGang 600MW
Liyujiang600MW×
2
Yajiang Kou600MW
Shouyangshan ?600MW× 2
Fuyang600MW
Changshu600MW
Fengtai 600MW× 2
Wuhu660MW× 2
Taizhou 300MW× 2
Ezhou 300MW
Laibin 300MW
Chang sha600MW
Yangzonghai 300MW
Diandong Luzhou600MW
Shang’an 600MW× 2
Daba 600MW× 2
Haimen1000MW× 2
Fugu600MW× 2
Hitachi as of 2007/05/29
Ultra supercritical
: Component, I&C: Plant ( BTG)
• A Japanese manufacturing company started TT of steam turbines as a licensing business in the 1980’s.
• The business contributed to the energy-efficient growth of the local economy and an expansion of the market in the 1990’s.
• This positive growth cycle accelerated further TT including cutting-edge technologies such as the ultra supercritical steam turbine in the 2000’s and deployed 44 steam turbines in China by 2007.
1970’s Chinese market approach by Hitachi itself
1980’s First technical license –subcritical steam turbine and generator for 600MW class
1996 Joint venture in boiler business - second technical license for Benson boilers for supercritical pressure
2003 Third technical license -supercritical steam turbine for 600MW class
2004 Fourth technical license -ultra supercritical boiler (to JV), steam turbine and generators for 1BW class 3
TT in iron and steel sector
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Accumulated number of installation of CDQ in China
• The installation ratio of continuous casting technology is almost 100% in major steel making countries including China.
• Japanese iron and steel companies promoted TT of CDQ technology mainly as joint ventures. Japanese and Chinese companies share the growth opportunities and the profits through TT.
• The penetration of CDQ in China is greatly accelerated by Chinese government initiative (i.e. National Policy) and market competition among Japanese, Japanese-Chinese joint venture’s and Chinese CDQ suppliers.
• Accumulated number of installation of CDQ was drastically increased in 2000s, because TT enabled Chinese local companies to build their own national brands of CDQ technology.
0102030405060708090
100
19741976197819801982198419861988199019921994199619982000200220042006
JapanKoreaChinaW. GermanyFranceUKFSUUSA
100
Russia
”National(domestic) brand”
80
60
40
20
Russia
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Installation ratio of continuous casting technologyAccumulated number of installation of CDQ in China
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
China government promote CDQ as ‘the 10th Five-Year Plan of China’, ‘the 11th Five-Year Plan of China’ etc
Established a JV between Japan and China
Competition between Top Japanese CDQ supplier and “National (domestic) brand”
TT in cement sector
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Capacity of Recovered Power Generation: 1,065MWCO2 Reduction: 7.3Mt/yr
61 plants Since 2007
13 plants Before 2007
Source: Kawasaki Plant Systems
• Japanese plant companies promote TT of heat recovery power generation systems in the cement sector mainly as joint ventures.
• Joint ventures contribute to an increase in local procurement and improvement of manufacturing and operating techniques of local companies.
• The technology will be introduced in more than 74 plants in China by 2008.
TT in transport sector
62003 2004 2005 2006 2007
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(%)
CVT
80%
• Japanese automobile companies promote TT of energy-efficient technologies for automobiles mainly as joint ventures.
• 42 local factories related to Japanese automobile companies are being operated in China, 10 factories are in India, and 76 factories are in Southeast Asia.
• Local procurement rate successfully increased to 56% in China and 81% in India.
• The installation rate of energy-efficient technologies steadily increased. The rate of variable valve timing increased to 80% and the rate of continuously variable transmission (CVT) increased to 8%.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070
50
100
150
200
250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Automobile production in China Automobile production in IndiaInstallation rate of
Energy-efficient technologies
Million vehicles8
4
0
6
2
Million vehicles
2
1
0
Total production
Production by local factories related to Japanese companies
Total production
Production by local factories related to Japanese companies CVT
Variable valve timing
Source: Japan Automobile Manufacturers ‘Associations, Inc
TT enabled Chinese companies to lead the world
Conventional boiler orders in FY 2006 (Source: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries)
Steam turbine orders in FY 2006(Source: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries)
Wind power turbine production in China in 2007(Source: BTM, 2007; WPM, March 2007)
• Through TT, many Chinese companies become global market leaders.• TT will be an important business for Chinese companies. Therefore,
enhancement of the business environment including IPR protection is important for themselves.
Solar panel production
in 20073,733MW
Japan24.6%
(920MW)
Germany19.8%
(738MW)
USA10.2%
(382MW)
others13.5%
(504MW)
Sharp9.7%
Kyocera5.5%
Sanyo4.4%
Mitsubishi 3.2%
KANEKA1.1%
Q-cells10.4%
SolarWord 3.5%
First Solar 5.5%
BP Solar 2.7%Suntech
8.8%
MOTECH 5.3%
SunPower(Philippines) 4.0%
JA Solar 3.0%
China22.0%
(821MW)
Taiwan9.9%
(368MW)
Baoding Yingli 3.8%
Solar panel production in 2007(Source: PV News 2008.3)
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IPR in environmental & energy-saving technologies
• Not a decisive factor in the total cost– No technology dominant (unlike Microsoft in OS or Pfizer in HIV/AIDS drugs)
(R&D expense / Sales in 2007: Microsoft=12%, Pfizer= 18%, SIEMENS=5%, ALSTOM=3%)
– Competition in market is the decisive factor in the total cost. – IPR is the key source to stimulate competition.
• Not simply identified– Patents are totally different from consumer products like drugs. In addition to
patents, the role of the design manual and know-how for construction and operation are important.
– A plant consists of thousands of components. Key components have their own IPR.
– Cross-licensing is quite normal. No third party can identify the IPR.• Not objectively evaluated
– The price of IPR depends on many factors including R&D expense, sales estimates, expected profit, market competition, contract clauses, risks, etc.
– No third party can verify the price of IPR or the form of TT. – The total value can be evaluated only between licensor and licensee.
8Funding only for acquiring IPRs will not impact the acceleration of TT.
Measures required to accelerate TT
• The barriers to TT depend on the sector and the country.– Major developing countries: many candidate licensees– LDCs and AOSIS: Scarce licensees, necessity of financial support
• For accelerating TT, detailed verification and identification of the barriers in each sector and country is necessary.
• Developed and developing countries should take comprehensive actions to enhance the business environment for TT.– Proper regulations for energy conservation and environmental protection– Develop human resource and improve awareness– Proper IPR protection– Foreign investment protections– Matching opportunities between licensee and licensor– Removal of tariff barriers– Removal of energy subsidies, etc.
• Public and private partnership by sectors will contribute to such comprehensive actions.
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CDQPerformance diagnosis for 3 steel plants in China and 3 plantsin India in FY2007 & 2008
CO2:127 M ton/yearBy 10 key technologies
36.10? BFG Recovery
0 10 20 30 40
20.24? CDQ
5.27? Coal moisture control
36.09? COG Recovery
5.14? Sinter Waste Heat Recovery
5.30? TRT
3.65? PCI
0.86? Hot Stove WasteHeat Recovery
9.57? BOF Gas Recovery
4.98? BOF Gas Sensible Heat Recovery
(million t / year)
36.10? BFG Recovery
0 10 20 30 40
20.24? CDQ
5.27? Coal moisture control
36.09? COG Recovery
5.14? Sinter Waste Heat Recovery
5.30? TRT
3.65? PCI
0.86? Hot Stove WasteHeat Recovery
9.57? BOF Gas Recovery
4.98? BOF Gas Sensible Heat Recovery
(million t / year)
Successful sectoral cooperation by APP• Asia-Pacific Partnership promotes sector-specific cooperation
among 7 countries.• APP identifies and solves barriers for deployment and transfer of
technologies in each sector
Compile state-of-the-art technologies.
Estimate CO2 reduction potential based on BAT /BP.
Dispatch experts to steel plants forappropriate advice.
Determine the priority of technology for transferring.
1064 technologies
Ideas of Sectoral Technology Cooperation Groups (STCG)
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COP
SBI SBSTA
lPower generationlIron and SteellCement lAluminumlTransport etc.
Sectoral TechnologyCooperation Groups
(STCG)
• Setting Sectoral Technology Cooperation Groups (STCG) under the UNFCCC is useful to enhance public-private partnership for TT.
• The STCG will consist of governments, industry (international industry association, etc) and experts (IEA, academia, etc) by each sector.
• The STCG analyze current situation of TT, specify barriers for TT, identify best available technologies/practices, formulate measures for promoting TT, and review the results of those measures by each sector.
• The STCG will report their analysis and make recommendations periodically.
Conclusion• The barriers to TT depend on the sector and the country.• IPR is not a major barrier in environmental & energy-
saving technologies.• Funding only for acquiring IPRs will not impact the
acceleration of TT.• Developed and developing countries should take
comprehensive actions to enhance the business environment for TT.
• Win-win situation of private sector of both developed and developing countries should be created.
• Public and private partnership by sectors will contribute to the above comprehensive actions.
• Setting Sectoral Technology Cooperation Groups (STCG) under the UNFCCC is useful to enhance the business environment for TT.
‘KURUMAZA’: Sit in a circle without round table12