For GSM 10w Repeater Training Material-For Outdoor Project(1)

8/10/2019 For GSM 10w Repeater Training Material-For Outdoor Project(1)

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Catalog

1. Site survey

2. Design

3. Installation

4. Commissioning

5. FAQ


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Site survey

1.Site survey1.1 Some information needed in advances

Confirmation of coverage requirements

Confirm existing coverage situation and customer requirements,

make sure the area to be covered and problems to be solved.

Confirmation of BTS information around the

coverage area.

Which BTS s capacity is enough ,and which one is not, and

the relative location to the aim coverage area. All this can be

done by checking from OMC


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Site survey

1.2 Contents of site survey

1.2.1 Contents to be written down.1Site name and Location

2The names of surveying people and the telephone numbers

3

Longitude and latitude4coverage requirementsType : Road, Village, Community and so on.

Acreage: length , width;

5SurroundingsThe typical picture of the coverage area

The geographic map of these area.

6Electromagnetic environment:

we can get the information by Driving Test.


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7

The location of the equipment installed

a. Where will the donor antenna be installed

the place must been met the following requirements:

The signal should not be blocked from straight right direction

The signal level has to be stable and no less than -75dBm;

The signal quality is good.

Note: the neighbor list of the BTS sector should be written down

Site survey


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b. How many service antennas will be installed ?

For within Band FSR repeater, also two Uni-direction antennas are

enough.

For Out Band FSR, there is no limited for quantity. we can use

Omni-direction or uni-direction antennas.

Normally, for RF repeater, two Uni-direction antennas aremaximum..

In order to make the best choice, the decision of

quantity of antennas is based upon real environment.

Site survey


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c. Where should the service antenna be installed?

For RF repeater, the antenna must be installed at the edge

of the coverage area .

There isnt obstacle at least 100m from right straight direction.

The donor antenna and the service antenna must be met the

isolation requirement.

Isolation value > Gr+15dB ,Gr is repeaters gain.

For outdoor coverage, according to ours experiences,Vertical lever: > 15m or

Horizontal distance: >25m

Site survey


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Site survey


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Site survey


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Site survey


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d. Where can the repeater be installed?

The host should be installed in a location where is convenient for theadjustment, maintenance and heat dissipation of the main equipment.

If conditions are permitted, the host should be installed inside; If not,protection measures must be taken to prevent rain, sunshine and otherdamages.

The host should be installed in a location without the interference ofstrong-electric circuit, strong-magnetic and corrosive equipments.

If the host is installed inside, no inflammable objects should be allowednearby; the indoor temperature and humidity should not be exceed thenormal operating range which is required regulations.

If the host is installed on the wall, its bottom should be 1.2 m above theground to maintain easily. If the host is installed at the ground, the distancebetween them should be 0.8 m from the wall.

Site Survey


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8

The power type

AC220v or DC-48v, and where we can get it.

9

Is it easy to place the feeder cable?

As for the wiring route, the feasibility of the project should be specially takeninto account.

10Population density

At the coverage area, how many people are staying in the location or thetraffic rate.

For example : there are 1,000 people in the area, 50of them are

using mobile phone, and CMCC occupied 60

of them. So, totalusers of CMCC are 300. During the busy time, there are 10 peoplemaking a call, so, the users are 30. according to the Erlang Table,just one carrier will be enough to meet the requirement.

Site survey


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1. Site survey

2. Design

3. Installation

4. Commissioning

5. FAQ

Catalog


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The outdoor coverage design is a system project, it not onlyincludes the host, but also includes the donor antenna, service

antenna, feeder cable, and so on. The following main items are

needed to consider particularly for outdoor coverage design:

2.1 Repeater selection

2.2 Donor antenna selection

2.3 Service antenna selection

2.4 Feeder cable selection

2.5 Diagram2.6 Material list

Design


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Sequence of repeaters output power choice

Generally, we need to think about two factors. The coverage acreage

the path loss. Formula:

+

f: frequency in MHzd: distance in km

: adjustment factor.

Normally, is 25dB, if there are plenty trees in the region,the value should be 40dB; For suburb area, the value is 35

dB; for road coverage, is 30dB.Usually, 10W repeater can be qualified for the most coverage

requirements.

Design


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Take an example, in village area, if the receiving signal level gate is -90dBm, the capability of service antenna is to cover 5km, according

to the formula

for GSM1800MHz system,

f=1800MHz

d=5km

=35dB

So, PL=139.5dB.Assumption, the repeaters output power is X dBm,

the cables loss is 3dB;

the service antennas gain is 16dBi,

So X-3+16-139.5 = 90

X = 36.5dBm

Normally ,when the repeater is operating , we adjust the output

power, it has redundancy, such as 3dB, the total output power is

39.5dBm (36.5+3). So, 10W repeater is just demanded for this site.

Design


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Design

Donor antenna selection:

Three main parameters need to know: Antenna gain:

If the signal level is lowerthan the standard input level, then we can

use a high gain antenna.

Half power width:

If the signal is not stable, it will be handovered by testing phone, thenour advise is to use the antenna with a narrow beam width.

Front-back rate

If the isolation is not enough ,we can apply the high front-back rateantenna.


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Grid antenna

This type of antenna is often be used for outdoor coverage as adonor antenna.

its gain, half power width and front back rat are working well .

Design-Antenna type


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Service antenna selectionIn General, different antenna will be used in different coverage areas.

For road coverage, back fire antenna or Yagi antenna can be

applied. The use of antenna is based the road situation, like

directness or wriggle.

Design


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Design-Service Antenna typePanel antenna

For village coverage, we can use panel antennas to match the

requirements.

There are two important parameters of panel

antenna we need to pay attention.

Gain

Normally, more higher gain,more better signal quality.

Half power width

there are 60. 90 and 120 panel antennas.

To decide which one is better, it is based on the

coverage acreage.


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Design-feeder cable

Usually, two types of cable can be used frequently.

feeder cableThe loss of these types of cable are below:

800MHz/900MHz, 7dB/100m

1800MHz/1900MHz, 10dB/100m

2100MHz 11dB/100m

7/8 feeder cable :Feature: lower loss, but installation is little bit difficult, parameters like follow:

800MHz/900MHz, 4dB/100m

1800MHz/1900MHz 7dB/100m

2100MHz 8dB/100m

So, the question for which type of cable is matched to the project is not only

according to the cable loss, but also whether easy to actualize.


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Design- Diagram Where to set up a pole.

Where to install the donor antenna

The direction of antennas

The height of donor and service antenna.

In here, it means effective , the antennas height is above ground

The down tilt of service antenna. The place to install the repeater The place to connect the power

All these information are needed to appeal distinctly in the

diagram.


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Example

Design-Diagram


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1. Site survey

2. Design

3. Installation

4. Commissioning

5. FAQ

Catalog


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Installation

3.1 Picture of ports in the bottom3.2 Antenna installation

3.3 Feeder cable installation

3.4 Host machine installation3.5 Installation of accessories


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Picture of ports in the bottom

No. Name Description

1 Donor interface For connection to the donor antenna

2 Ground terminal For connection to the external earth

3 AC input interface For connection to the power supply

4 Retransmit interface For connection to the retransmit antenna

5 Power indicator The indicator illuminates when the repeater works.


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Requests

1. Floor load should be qualified; iron pole and antenna armshould be firmed and fixed with pole vertical and arm

horizontal, all the iron materials should be oxidized

(waterproof and airproof).

2. Donor antenna stand screws (including setscrew, lightning rod

connection screw, grounding screw) should be waterproof andairproof.

3. A weep bend is to prevent water from leaking into engine

room.

4. The feeder cables are forbidden to lay along lightning

protection network of the building.

5. Avoid no signal output in case the input and output ports are

not correctly connected.

Antenna installation


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If the cabling pipes are unable to lean against the wall (for example, inan underground parking lot or on a refugee floor), Multiple-purposeangle blocks should be used as feeder hanging holders in feedercabling, and the distance between suspenders should be 1.5 m.

The wall holes of the feeder inlet and outlet should be sealed withwaterproof and fireproof materials.

When the feeder connector is connected with the host/trunk amplifier,the antenna, the coupler and the power splitter, The feeder must gostraight for 50 mm from the connector before it can be bend.

The lightning arrester should have a diameter of 12-14 mm and a length

of 500-600 mm, with good electrical and grounding performance.

Feeder cable Installation


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The bending angle should be kept smooth when the RF

line is to be bent, and curvature radius cannot exceed thelisted specs. below.

Radius 2nd bending radius 1st bending radius

inch 210 mm 70 mm

7/8 inch 360 mm 120 mm



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The feeder cable should be fixed in the wall (or stair) with

feeder clamp; For feeder cable with different radius, thesuggested feeder clamp distances are as follows:


type inch feeder cable 7/8 inch feeder cable

Fixed distance between

horizontal feeder cable1.0 M 1.5 M

Fixed distance between

vertical feeder cable 0.8 M 1.0 M


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Requests:

The installation site should be met the request of design

document, and be vertical and firm; if the installation site needs

to be altered, it should get the approval of the designer and in

case the alternation will not affect the system design.

Wall hanging, the distance between the host machine bottomand the ground is 1.2 M, which is easy for maintenance.

Floor model installation, distance between host machine and

wall is 0.8 M.

Host machine installation


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4-M18 expansion bolt

50-70mm long

With certain numberof flat and spring washers

WallRepeater

Installation diagram of host machine

Host machine installation


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Installation of accessories4. Ground bars should be firmly installed on the wall with expansion

bolts, horizontally at the bottom of the host at the left/right side .

5. For grounding cables 16 mmcopper-core rubber cables should beused. And all the active equipment must be grounded with 16mmgrounding cables and main grounding busbar (or the maingrounding cable of the building).

6. Power and ground line should be fixed with cable tie

Fixed distance is 0.3 M, the path of the lines should be straight andbe kept in order

Ground line should be connected to the ground along with thedirection of feeder cable downlink, upward direction is forbidden;

Bending of ground line should be over 90 , curvature radius over130mm.


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Installation of accessories

9. The passive modules should be fixed by cable tie, and cannot be

hanged in the air.10. The two ends of the equipment and each component and cable should

be labeled according to equipment name, No. and cable track.

Note:

The distribution of power to the host should be forbidden before itis not confirmed that the host can be debugged and tested to avoidunexpected results.


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Installation of accessoriesInstallation diagram of host and accessories


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1. Site survey

2. Design

3. Installation

4. Commissioning

5. FAQ

Catalog


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Testing handsetpcs

Spectrographset

VSWR analyzer

set

Connector

female-female

3 pcs

Laptop

set (with drive test software)

Jump cable 3 pcs

Coupler-10dB 1 pcs

Digital cameraset (with battery)

4.1 Adjustment Tools

Commissioning


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4.2 Donor antenna parameters checking

Using standing wave ration analyzer to check the VSWR ofthe donor antenna. The value must less than 1.5, if

not ,please make the connector and check it again.

Using the spectrum analyzer checking the Downlink signal

level to get the best direction ,at which direction the signallevel is the best one within band, other side it meets the

requirement, This process should be repeated several times

before the antenna fasteners are screwed tightly.

Normally, the input power of repeater is at the middle of -50to -55dBm.

Commissioning


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If the input signal level is not normal, either high or low. Thenwe can using the attenuator or changing a high gain antenna

to solve the question.

But for a repeater, the best way to understand it is to read the

specification of the repeater and check the repeaters gain.According to the gain. We can get how much of the input

power is good.

Commissioning


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Donor antenna interface

VSWR

service antenna interface

Donor antenna

Notes:

Must be calibration

before testing

Donor antenna VSWR testing

Commissioning


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Donor antenna interface

Spectrum analyzer

service antenna interface

Donor antennaDonor antenna Signal level testing

Commissioning


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4.3 Service Antenna checking

1. Checking the direction and down tilt of the Serviceantennas.

2. Checking the VSWR by standing wave ratio analyzer.

3. Checking the connectors and making sure it is goodagainst water.

4. Checking the cable connected between the host andService antenna, make sure the connection is in good

position to repeater s ports.

Commissioning


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4.4 The host device checking

Checking the power- AC or DC, Examining the host tosee if its current supply is normal.

Making sure the donor cable and service cable are right

for the ports.

Checking whether the ground line has been connected

correctly, for repeater, its important factor for protection

of the device.

Commissioning

C i i i


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4.5 Repeater adjustments

Isolation testing

Uplink gain adjustment

Downlink gain adjustment

Coverage area testing

Commissioning


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ISO (dB)= PA- PB

PA: Signal generator output power

PB: Spectrum analyzer receiving

signal level.

The repeaters gain must less than

the ( ISO - 15 ) in order to avoidthe Self-Excitation

Isolation testing

U li k G i Adj t t


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Principle: bottom noise of the equipment will not affect the

base station ,and also this is the aim of uplink attenuationadjustment. The uplink gain must meet the requirement of

isolation.

The bottom noise which reaches the base station receiver

must be lower than -120 dBm

Uplink Gain Adjustment


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Remote module

panel antennas

UP

Connecting the equipment

according the left picture, andswitch on the uplink power amplifier.

Setting the analyzers centerfrequency, SPAN is 10MHz, thesignal bandwidth is 200KHz, andMARKER reading the bottom noise

value Pnoise,at the same timesetting the Uplink attenuation until

Pnoise-Ploss


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Downlink Commissioning

First, making the downlink attenuation the same to theuplink attenuation.

When we need to expand the coverage area, we canadjust the downlink attenuation.

Normally, Keeping the link balanced while the gain isadjusted. The difference between uplink and downlinkshould be kept within 5 dBIndoor.

Inappropriate uplink base noise level adjustment maycause serious problems in the Base Station.

C


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Commissioning

RF repeater

donor

antenna port

RF repeater

repeat

antenna port

Use

spectrograph

Measurement of repeater output power

Donor antenna

Attenuator

30dB

T ti d ti i ti


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Testing Tools

GPS

Testing phone

Testing software analysis software

Testing and optimization

T ti d ti i ti


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Testing and optimization

Testing items

Uplink/Downlink coverage acreage .

Rx. Tx.

BER

Access ratio

BCCH information

Handover success ratio

C t l


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Catalog

1. Site survey

2. Design

3. Installation

4. Commissioning

5. FAQ

Q&A


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Items Malfunction phenomena Possible Reasons Solutions

1

Coverage area no signal

Repeater not working Checking the power

Antenna and cable malfunction Checking the direction and the VSWR

Downlink module malfunction Changing the module

Power amplifier self-protection Adjusting the parameters reasonable

BTS malfunction Solve the BTS question or change the

source BTS

2 Tx height at coverage

area.

Up/Dn link imbalance Adjust the parameters

Uplink gain not enough. Add the uplink gain.

outside Interference Solve outside interference question or

change the source BTS

forward amplifier index not meet the

requirement.

change the equipment

Self-excitation Adjusting gain reasonably or adding

the isolation

Q&A

Q&A


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3 Difficulty to make phone

call normally

UPlink module malfunction Change the module

Donor BTS malfunction Solving the question or choosing other

BTSSearch window is narrow Change the Search_window

Strong interference of coverage area Isolation of interference source

4 The signal is not stable in

coverage area.

Checking the service antenna and cable. Re-connecting to the service antenna

The ALC is low Resetting the ALC again

The module is not stable Checking and changing the blooey

module

Self-excitation Adding the isolation.

BTSssignal is not good. Solving question or choosing other

BTSDonor link multiple-path effect Changing the donor antennasdirection

5 Drop call, one way

communication.

Lightly self-excitation Adding the isolation

Outside interference. Checking the outside interference.

Donor BTS parameters isntfunctional. Change the parameters of source BTS

Imbalance of up/down link Reset the up/down link

PN pollution Adjustment the Donor antennasdirection.

Repeatersperformance is going down Change the equipment

New BTS has been added Optimization the net.

Q&A

Q&A


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6 The size of coverage

area is reduced. .

DNlink output power is reduced. Change the Downlink attenuation

Problem of Service antennas andcable Checking the service antenna andcable.

The input power is weak Checking the link from BTS to donor

antenna

Coverage area interference. Checking and isolating the source.

7 Accessing time in

coverage area is moreneeded.

Imbalance of UP/DN link Changing repeaters attenuation.

Reverse link interference Checking and isolating the source.

8 Often handover in

coverage area.

The donor signal is not functioning Change donors direction

Change donor s site

Change to FSR repeater.Net optimization

New BTS has been built

9 Phone call cant be

made.

Serious self-excitation Adding the isolation or changing the

parameters reasonably.

Q&A


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Thank you

For GSM 10w Repeater Training Material-For Outdoor Project(1)

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