NAME :NUR ADILA ATHIRAH BT SALIM

AGE :15 YEARS OLD.

CLASS :3 AL-AZHAR.

HOMEROOM :ALPHA 3(MR.ADE HAFIZ)

HOBBY :LISTENING TO MUSIC.

AMBITION :MEDICAL DOCTOR.

ADDRESS :P42,KG. ALUR PUDAK,06800 KOTA

SARANG SEMUT,ALOR SETAR,KEDAH.

FAVOURITE FOOD :CHICKEN SATAY.

FAVOURITE DRINK:CARROT JUICE.

STATUS :PT3 CANDIDADAT

POLLUTANTS IN THE AIR

Tar contains carcinogens which cause cancer.Nicotine is addictive, toxic to cells, destroys cilia and cause lung cancer.

CIGARETTE SMOKE

CARBON MONOXIDE

Found in haze and smoke.Reduces the oxygen-carrying capability of red blood cells.

From cigarette smoke.Cause various types of lung cancer.

Corrode the walls of the air passage of the respiratory system and also kill its cells.

Containing sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, asbestos and dust.

RESPIRATORY DISEASES

LUNG CANCER.

HEART DISEASES.

ASTHMA.

BRONCHITIS

PNEUMONIA

CARCINOGEN AND PHENOL

ACIDIC GASES

FACTORY SMOKE

DAMAGE TO THE LUNGS.

DEATH.

EMPHYSEMA (ALVEOLUS BREAKS DOWN)

TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY

Do not smoke.

Plant more trees.

Use unleaded petrol.

Do not burn rubbish in the open.

Service motor vehicles regularly.

Fix filters to the chimneys of factories.

Fix filters to the car exhausts.

Reduce the use of motor vehicles.

Reduce the use of fossil fuel.

Fix catalytic convertors in motor vehicles.

Filter all smoke discharge from factories.

TO MAINTAIN THE CLEAN AIR HABITS

BLOOD COMPONENT AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Consists of 90% of water and 10 % of dissolved substances (nutrients, mineral salts, hormones, soluble excretory products and soluble proteins).Distributes heat to all parts of the body.

RED BLOOD CELLSBiconcave disc-shapedNo nucleus.Produced in the bone marrow and live for about 3-4 months.Contain haemoglobin to transport oxygen.

WHITE BLOOD CELLSIrregular in shape and have nuclei.

PLASMA

THE BLOOD CELLS

Each cell is larger than a red blood cell.Protect body from diseases and fight infections.Produced by the bone marrow and live from 2 days to 6 months.

Small piece of broken cells without nuclei.

Irregular in shaped, made in the bone marrow and live for about 4 days.

HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS

Grouped as A, B, AB and O.

Blood group O is the universal donor.

Blood group AB is the universal recipient.

If the blood groups are not compatible during transfusion,

agglutination will take place and this can be fatal.

PLATELETS

BLOOD GROUPS (DONOUR TO RECIPIENT)

Blood group

Can receive blood from group

Can donate blood from group

A A,O A,AB

B B,O B,AB

AB A,B,AB,O AB

O O A,B,AB,O

IMPORTANT DONATE BLOOD

MANAGING AND KEEPING THE BLOOD

IMPORTANCE OF TAKING NUTRITIOUS FOOD FOR HEALTH OF THE MOTHER AND

THE FOETUS

NUTRIENTS IMPORTANCEProtein For the growth of the foetus.

Carbohydrates and fats

For energy.

Calcium For strong bones and teeth.

Iron To produce oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in red blood cells.

Vitamin To strengthen the mother’s immune system and for healthy growth of foetus.

AFFECTS OF SMOKING TO THE FOETUS

IMPORTANCE TO AVOID FROM TAKING HARMFUL SUBSTANCES THAT CAN

HARMFUL THE FOETUS

WAYS TO CONTROL PREGNANCY

Rhythm method

Avoid sex during the fertile phase.

Chemical method

Apply spermicide to kill sperms before they enter the vagina.

Mechanical methods

Condom for male.

Diaphragm for female.

IUD (Intrauterine Contraceptive Device) for female.

Hormonal method

Contraceptive Device.

Surgical

Ligation for female.

Vasectomy for male.

MISUSE OF BIRTH CONTROL

THE BENEFIT AND BADNESS OF PREGNANCY TO SOCIETY

PRODUCTING OF PETROLEUM

DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM

USEFUL OF PETROLEUM