SMK Dato’ Razali Ismail

PEKA SCIENCE 2011

Importance Of Maintaining Cleanliness Of The Air

Name : Muhammad Amirul Ariff Bin GhazaliSchool : Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Dato’ Razali Ismail

Teacher’s name : Encik Mat Nasir Bin Deraman

Acknowledgement

 

First of all, I would like to express my appreciation to everyone who had assist me with my Peka Science 2011 by wishing thank you to my Science teacher, Encik Mat Nasir for his guidence in explaining how to do my Peka Science 2011 entitled Importance of Maintaining Cleanliness of The Air.

The special thanks are alsobe given to my father and mother for their effort in teaching me how to download information from internet as well as their moral support. I think without their support, help and guidance, this portfolio will not be able to meet it success.

Introduction

The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night.

One of the most important factor drawing international attention which is a dangerous threat to the ecosystem is AIR pollution. The atmosphere, which makes up the largest fraction of the biosphere, is a dynamic system that continuously absorbs a wide range of solids, liquids and gases from both natural and man made sources. These substances travel through air, disperse and react with one another and with other substances both physically and chemically. Most of these constituents, eventually find their depository such as the ocean, or to a receptor such as man. Various amounts of contaminants continuously enter the atmosphere through both natural and man made processes present on the earth. That portion of these substances which interacts with the environment to cause toxicity , disease , aesthetic distress, physiological effects or environmental decay, has been labeled by man as a pollutant.

Air pollution is the contamination of theatmosphere by any toxic or radioactive gases andparticulate matter as a result of human activity.There are 5 major air pollutants such as carbonmonoxide (CO), sulphur oxides (SO, SO2, SO3),particulates, hydrocarbons, and photochemicaloxidants.

The composition of air The average percentage of its components by volume

Nitrogen 78%

Oxygen 21%Inert Gases & Others 0.97%

Carbon Dioxide 0.03%

ObjectivesTo learn more about air pollution.

To determine the causes of air pollution.

To determine the effect of air pollution.

To determine how ways to control air pollution.

Effect of Air Pollution

The Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is a process by which radiative energy leaving a planetary surface is absorbed by some atmospheric gases, called greenhouse gases. They transfer this energy to other components of the atmosphere, and it is re-radiated in all directions, including back down towards the surface.

Thinning Of The Ozone Layer

The thinning of the ozone layer is mainly due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFC).Once in the stratosphere, CFC are broken down by ultraviolet rays. As a result,the highly reactive chlorine radicals (Cl) are release. These chlorine radicals break down ozone molecules, or in a chain reaction.

Acid Rain

Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. It can have harmful effects on plants,

aquatic animals, and infrastructure through the process of wet deposition. Acid rain is caused by emissions of compounds of ammonium, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.

Sources of pollution

Industrial activities and development

Smoke from vehicle

Electricity generation

Open burning

DiscussionWays to control pollution

The Greenhouse effect

Build the factories far from the house Build tall chimney

Thinning of the ozone layer

reduce the usage of refrigerators, air conditioners and vehicles Turn of the lights and the faucet when not in use. 

Acid Rain

Try to reduce, reuse, and recycle as often as you can Try not to burn a fire as often as you usually do

ConclusionAs we know air is the most important need of living

things. When it becomes polluted, the life of humans, plants and animals will be in danger. Air pollution means the presence of harmful substances in the air which impure our environment. Air Pollution gives rise to serious health hazards and responsible for various types of life threatening diseases. Hence it is the most important that proper attention should be given in controlling and minimizing those

activities which causes this pollution and also appropriate restriction should be put in place in using those means which contributes towards it. So, save our environment from any pollutions that can damage living things life.

Reference Source

Science textbook Form 1 : Chapter 2 Longman Science Process Skills Form 1 Internet