FMD SITUATION IN TURKEY

A. Naci BULUT

Head of the Diagnosis Department

ŞAP Institute, Ankara, Turkey

West EurAsia FMD Control-Roadmap 2025, 4th Annual Regional Progress Review Meeting,

2-4th April 2013, Baku, Azerbaijan

Regulation relating to the FMD

• Directive for Control of FMD has been come into force., to breakthrough failing

points of the control measures, it has been initiated some work plans based on

requirements of the directive:

– Reconstruction TURKVET database

– Launching Sample Management System (SMS) under the TURKVET

– Some advanced measures on control of animal movement and trade • Registration and training of the animal dealers

• Transportation Animal Vehicles with effective bio-secure conditions based on Animal Wellfare Directive

• Movement of animals with ensured immunity level

– A interactive epidemiology training has been initiated for field vets by Şap Institute

Vaccination Strategy

• New vaccination strategy based on risk analysis has been initiated, since it has

been insufficient vaccine resource

Thrace Region Surveillance Program

To detect risk as possible early, more sensitive surveillance program has been launched in

Thrace Region by donation EC and expertise EuFMD Regular active surveillance (clinical examination)

Serosurveillance in the area where was identified as high risk per three month

Management advanced passive surveillance

Strategic FMD Control Plan

Analysing Socio-economic impact and risk

Surveillance has been designed as part of 2012 Autumn

Serosurveillace, aimed to analyse risk and socio-economic

impact.

Stage of collecting information has been finalized between

October2012-January1013

Aimed three basic analysis: – Impact of animal movement and animal trade pattern on disease dynamics and

role of milk collectors for disease transmission

– Impact of animal husbandry system on disease dynamic ; Role of SR for disease

transmission

– Impact of vaccination on control of the disease; between where vaccination apply

and species

Data cleaning and analysing have been continued,

results will be available soon

1. Vaccination

• New vaccination strategy based on risk analysis has been initiated, since it has been

insufficient vaccine resource, since it has been insufficient vaccine resource:

– Preventive campaign vaccination; acc.to risk analysis developing a vacc.program before each

campaign- where /which species vaccine apply

• LR; twice a year, vacc not apply as campaign in Anatolia;_In Thrace: LR: Twice a year/SR: once

– Ring Vaccination to response outbreak in Surveillance zone of outbreak

– Targeting vaccination for “Hotspot”; extending ring vaccination with specific serotype

2. Diagnosis and Genetic and Antigenic Characterization of Isolates

3. Epidemiological investigation

_ Active and passive surveillance

– Outbreak investigation and case study

– Serosurveillance; NSP Prevalence estimation in Anatolia/Disease detection in Thrace

4. Routine control measures in case of disease outbreak (biosecurity, restriction,

quarantine, sampling)

5. Control of animal movements and markets

6. Training vets and awareness activities

7. Vaccine effectiveness study to evalute vaccine used and application of vacc.

FMD Control Strategy Conducted in Turkey

Results of Surveillance

IDENTIFICATION OF CIRCULATING STRAIN

• FMD is endemic in Anatolia region in Turkey

• Current Circulating virus strains:

– Serotype O (O PanAsiaII),

– A (A Iran05) and

– Asia-1(Asia1/SINDH08)

• 1038 outbreaks recorded in Anatolia in 2012; 847 out of

them were serotyped by national reference lab, 90 were

untyped (virus not detected or only positive FMD), 101

were reported by clinical diagnosis.

• In 2013, up to 20th March, 131 outbreak were recorded

and serotyped

2012 Anatolian Outbreaks; distribution by serotype and month

n131

53, 40%

46, 35%

14, 11%

5, 4% 13, 10%

2013 Anatolian Outbreaks

Type O

Type A

Type Asia-1

FMD(+)

Unserotyped

West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

Map Disribution for 2012 Anatolian Outbreaks

Anatolian Outbreaks for Second Half of 2012

West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

Map Distribution for 2013 Anatolian Outbreaks

O Tipi

A Tipi

Asia1 Tipi West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

BY ŞAP INSTITUTE

Sub-groups

2012

Grand

total

Serotypes

A (AIRN

05)

O

(PanAsia

II)

Asia 1-

Sindh08

O ANT-10 1 1

O BAL-11 5 5

O FAR-09 49 49

A-SIS-10 24 24

A USK-11 13 13

A AMS-12 50 50

A WES-11 2 2

A KES-12 9 9

A BAB-12 9 9

Asia1-

Sindh08 79 79

Asia1-Sindh-

08ERN-12 6 6

Grand

Total 107 55 85 277

GENETIC CHARACTERIZATON FOR 2012 AND 2013 FIELD ISOLATES

2012

Sub-groups

2013

Grand

total

Serotypes

A (AIRN

05)

O (PanAsia

II) Asia 1-Sindh08

O FAR-09 8 8

O PanAsiaII/FAR-

09/GUM13 16 16

A-SIS-10/A AMS-12 3 3

A-SIS-10/A BAB-12 13 13

Asia1-Sindh08 2 2

Grand Total 16 24 2 42

A-SIS-10/A BAB-12 is new incursion detected on November; O FAR09/GUM is also considered as exotic but not

found indication yet West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

Aralık 2012 Ocak 2013 Şubat 2013 Mart 2013

Distribution of Sublineages of Type O PanAsiaII/FAR09/GUM-13

isolates sampled in 2012-2013 by timeline and georaphically

BY ŞAP INSTITUTE

West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

Distribution of Sublineages of Type A Iran05/SIS10/BAB-12

isolates sampled in 2012-2013 by timeline and georaphically

July 2012 August 2012 September 2012 October 2012 November 2012 December 2012 January 2013 February 2013 March 2013

BY ŞAP INSTITUTE

West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

• A NSP Serosurveillance has been conducted in Anatolia region in Autumn 2012

• Objective: Estimation of NSP prevalence and risk analysis

• Species: LR (Cattle and W.Buffalo); SR(Sheep and goat)

• Sample Frame: 31 LR and 32 SR per epi unit, 64300 sera in 1027 epi units; collected sera: 61605

• Brief Results:

– Cumulative prevalence: 21,84%

– LR: 15,82%; SR: 23,78% (Sheep: 25,68%; Goat: 15,55%)

• Some initial remarks for results:

-High prevalence was estimated in east region

-Because of impact of Asia-1 outbreaks, higher prevalence was estimated in west area when compared with

1010 Surveiallance

-Higher prevalence was detected in Sheep rather than cattle and goat, but west area sheep prevalence also was

low than east area

-poor outbreak reporting was detected in the east;

Anatolian Serosurveillance

Region Prevalence-

Cumulative

Prevale

nce-LR

Prevale

nce-SR

Blacksea 9,3 8,30 9,57

East Anatolia 40,22 26,74 40,34

Inner Anatolia 20,52 13,77 23,47

Marmara and Eagean 10,76 12,28 7,6

Meditterinian 11,78 6,6 14,87

SouthEastern Anatolia 24,78 15,61 28,67

TOTAL 21,0 15,0 23,5

-Husbandry system and movement pattern

was effected on transmission dynamic,

population density particularly in the west not

related to directly

-not detected any finding on transmission

between species; neg NSP for LR despite

high pos rate for SR in the same epi-unit

Results for Anatolian 2012 Autumn Serosurveillance-Cumulative

>50% 40-50% 30-40% 20-30% 15-20% 10-15% 8-10% 5-8% 3-5% 0-3%

Results for Anatolian 2012 Autumn Serosurveillance-Small Rum.

Results for Anatolian 2012 Autumn Serosurveillance-Large Rum

0-3%

3-5%

5-8%

8-10%

10-15%

15-20%

20-30%

30-40%

40-50%

>50%

Vaccination for 2012 and 2013

West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

Vaccination Policy Used for Spring Vaccination

campaign

Map Distribution for Spring Vaccination

Campaign

Ring vaccination in protection and surveillance zone of

outbreaks

Provinces implemented vaccination campaign

West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

Vaccination campaign for Autumn 2012

Provinces vaccinated with Trivalent vaccine by campaign

Ring vaccination was implement, response to the outbreak in

remained (white color) area

West EurAsia FMD

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Vaccine used for 2012 Sring vaccination campaign

Campaign vaccination: 1,985 million doses Trivalent vaccine

Ring vaccination: 2.3 million doses trivalent vaccine

Thrace Region: 450.000 doses trivalent vaccine

In Total: 4,735 million doses; plus private vaccine

Vaccination Coverage achieved: 97% in Thrace; 76% in Anatolia where

vaccination applied

Vaccine used for 2012 Autumn vaccination campaign

Campaign vaccination: 5.096.250 doses Trivalent vaccine

Ring vaccination: 248.750 doses trivalent vaccine

Thrace Region: 750.000 doses trivalent vaccine

In Total: 6,095 million doses; plus private vaccine

Vaccination Coverage achieved: 98% in Thrace; 79% in Anatolia where

vaccination applied

West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

Regions included vaccination and allocated

vaccine for Spring 2013 Campaign

Regions have been included in Spring vaccination campaign in Turkey according to risk assessment:

• Campaign vaccination in Spring2013 : – Eagan (except Muğla),

– Marmara and Thrace regions

– Inner Anatolia (except three provinces; Aksaray, Karaman and Niğde)

– West and Middle Blacksea (Except four provinces; Zonguldak, Bartın, Karabük and Sinop)

– Two provinces in Mediterranean ; Burdur and Isparta)

– Two provinces in East Anatolia, Malatya and Elazığ

• Specific vaccination policy to response type A outbreaks using monovalent type A vaccine Extended ring vaccination has been used for type A outbreak- according to risk assessment all population in district in which occurred outbreak: It has been already initiated since January 2013

• Ring vaccination to reponse outbreak for serotype O and Asia, has been used In remained area of Turkey,

– when occurrence outbreak, livestock in protected and surveillance zone of outbreaks will be vaccinated as ring vaccination concept.

• ONLY LARGE RUMINANTS HAS BEEN INCLUDED FOR CAMPAIGN

ALLOCATED AMOUNT OF VACCINE -Campaign vaccination: 5 million trivalent (O Tur07, A Tur06 and Asia1Tur11)

-Specific type A monovalent vaccination: 1 million

-Ring vaccination: 400.000 trivalent

West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

Map Distribution to be implemented Spring2013 Vaccination Campaign

LR vaccination as campaign Ring vaccination to rensponse outbreaks

* In all area, specific extended ring vaccination to type A outbreaks by

monovalent vaccine West EurAsia FMD

Control-Roadmap 2025,

– Are control measures reducing FMD impact?

Yes; Serosurveillance results indicated that where control measures has been applied

better, the disease impact has been reduced

It was observed that the number of outbreaks and affected animals were sharply

decreased after vaccination applied; for example, Asia-1 outbreaks occurred severely

in West area of Turkey in Spring 2012

Low incidence was detected in area which biosecurity and other control measures was

implemented much more better

– Are control measures moving towards FMD

elimination?

No, it has been not found any indication yet.

Critical assessment on if strategy is achieving the goal

Short term Plan for Surveillance and Control • Passive surveillance program will be continued including outbreak

investigation and typing as in routine

• Ear-tag system will be replaced with barcode system for LR and SR

• New sensitive surveillance system has been launched in Thrace,

activities will be started afterward this month

Longterm Plan for Surveillance and Control • In framework of National Veterinary Strategy Plan, a study for socio-

economic impact of FMD will be carried out in 2014

• As requirement of Directive “Standard of Storage, Delivery and Marketing

for Veterinary Medicine, Biological Substance and Vaccine”, some work

plan has been initiated:

– 2D Barcode System for veterinary medicine and vaccine will be implemented

– A vaccine storage rooms based on standard will be constructed in eac provincial

directorate

Plans related to FMD surveillance and control in the

short and long term.