Final Draft FMD

7/28/2019 Final Draft FMD

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Foot and Mouth Disease

Trina Johnson, Cari

Ostrom, Carolyn Ritter,

Craig Spray, and Lindsay

Wilson


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What is Foot and Mouth?

Acute viral infectious disease

Begins with fever, followed by the

development of vesicles on mouthand feet

Very infectious and spreads rapidly

Wild and domesticated cloven hoofed

animals are affected Rarely fatal, but pregnant animals

often abort and dairy cattle may dryup


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Illustration


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Universal Symptoms of

Foot and Mouth Disease

Shivering

Tender and sore feet

Slobbering and smacking lips

Blisters on hoof, feet, snout, or

tongue


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Illustration


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Clinical disease anddiagnosis

All species of cloven-hoofedanimals are susceptible to FMD,

including domestic livestock and

wild ungulates. Clinical signs areessentially similar in all species

although the severity may vary.


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Specific signs in Cattle

Slobbering and smacking lips

Shivering

Tender and sore feet

Reduced milk yield

Sores and blisters on feet Raised body temperature


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Specific signs in Sheep

Sudden, severe lameness

Lying down frequently and

unwillingness to rise

Reluctance to move

Blisters found on the hoof,

dental pad and sometimes

tongue


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Specific signs in Swine

Sudden lameness

Preference to lie down

Loud squeal and hobbling when

set into motion

Blisters may develop on snout,

tongue and/or hoof


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Important!!

Swine Vesicular Disease has

identical symptoms to FMD.

Therefore anyone who sees

blisters in pigs must report thesighting as suspected FMD, until

laboratory tests prove otherwise.


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How its spread!

Although there are

numerous ways this

disease can be spread,

three surface to the top.


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Most predominant paths

of transmission are..

Human intervention

Animal to Animal contact

Airborne transmission


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Human intervention

People wearing contaminated

clothing, or footwear

Using contaminated equipment I.e.veterinary tools, shovels, etc.

Contaminated vehicles traveling from

farm to farm

Using contaminated facilities to

house susceptible animals


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Animal to Animal contact

Animals carrying the virus are

introduced to susceptible herds

Susceptible cows inseminatedby infected bulls

Direct contact with infected

wildlife


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Airborne transmission

Through the air in aerosols from

infected animals

Birds can play a substantial rolein transmission as well


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Ways to Control Foot

and Mouth Disease

Vaccination

Surveillance programs

Quarantine procedures Establishment of control zones

Strict Biosecurity

Reporting of confirmed cases

Using All-In/All-Out

Cleansing and disinfectionOver 250 approved disinfectants

(www.ahda.org.uk/disinfectants.htm)


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Vaccine Choice

Safe

Potent

Proven protection

Appropriate

Consult National or International

Reference laboratory or amanufacturer about the most

appropriate strain to use


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Vaccine Strains Have

Been Selected For Their:

Immunogenicity

Ability to grow well in tissue

culture

Broad antigenic spectrum


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Individual Herd

Vaccination

Reduces the morbidity in adults

Reduces mortality in young

Reduces likelihood of incursion Can reduce the severity and

duration of the disease due to

raising the herds immunity level Combined with good biosecurity

control


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Advice to Farmers

Keep Livestock separate

Deal with sheep last

Keep yourself clean Keep the farm secure

Keep unnecessary vehicles away

Clean and disinfect Avoid visiting other farms

Look for early signs of disease


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Eradication of FMD

Slaughter and disposal is

essential to eliminate the

source A rapid and complete

elimination is necessary


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Disposal

Cremation (preferred)

Burial

Rendering


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Movement controls

Infected area

Protection zone

Surveillance zone


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Emergency Vaccine

(Two Objectives)

Dampening down vaccinations

Protective emergency

vaccinations to produce animmune belt


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Questions?

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