Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico....
-
Upload
kylie-boone -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
1
Transcript of Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico....
![Page 1: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada, George S. Hinton & José A. Villarreal
Geo. B Hinton
Herbarium
Faculty of Forestry Sciences, CFNL Herbarium
Autonomous University of Nuevo León
![Page 2: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
283 vascular endemic genera in Mexico
12% of the estimated total of 2,410 in world
![Page 3: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
60% of endemism in arid and semi-arid area
![Page 4: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Northeastern México
In Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO),
occurs hundreds of endemic species.
![Page 5: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Gypsum outcrops = High endemism
![Page 6: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
I’m charismatic,People protect
My home
![Page 7: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Yummy, endangered herbs and succulents
![Page 8: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Are the gypsic ecosystems the richest endemic species in Nuevo Leon?
![Page 9: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Coarse delimitation with Landsat Images.
Refined it Orthophoto Web Service
![Page 10: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Frequency distributions of elevation, slope, aspect, topoform, temperature, rainfall, climate, vegetation and NDVI.
62.9%
30.1%
5.0%1.4% 0.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
300 - 400 400 - 500 500 - 600 600 - 800 800 - 1000
Average Rainfall (mm)
% o
f Are
a
The major part of the gypsum occurs on dry
ecosystems
![Page 15: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
0.1%
51.1%
32.1%
13.9%
2.6%0.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
20 - 22 18 - 20 16 - 18 14 - 16 12 - 14 10 - 12
Average Anual Temperature (°C)
% o
f Are
a
33.1%
26.5%
21.6%
17.8%
0.4% 0.5%0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
BS0h (Arid Warm) BS1k (Semi-AridTemperated)
BS0k (AridTemperated)
BS1h (Semi-AridWarm)
(A)C(w) (WarmSubhumid)
C(w) (TemperatedSubhumid)
Köeppen Climate Types
% o
f Are
a
In the arid-warm climates is where
the most part of gypsumoccurs
Mainly the gypsum is located in areas where temperature
averages between 18-20° C
![Page 16: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
17.9%
22.5%
16.6%
11.5%
8.5%7.0%
5.6%
9.4%
1.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 80 80 - 90
Slope (%)
% o
f Are
a
48.9%
20.5%
15.0%
6.7%3.4% 2.6% 1.5% 1.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
ComplexSierra with
Hills
Folded Sierra Folded SierraBended
Tipic Bajada Bajada withPlains
ComplexSierra
Desertic Plainswith Rocky
Ground
Valley withHills
Landform Category
% o
f Are
a
Around the half has a “Complex Sierra with Hills”
landform,
Mostly the gypsum ocurrs in places where the slope is
between 0-30°
![Page 17: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
0%
3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
18%
860900
9001000
10001100
11001200
12001300
13001400
14001500
15001600
16001700
17001800
18001900
19002000
20002100
21002200
22002300
23002400
24002500
25002600
26002700
Altitude (masl)
% o
f Are
a
The most part of the gypsum outcrops is
southern facing, and also to west.
A 62% is located between 1700 and 2200 m
![Page 18: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
57.2%
15.4%
7.0%4.9% 4.7% 4.6% 4.4%
1.0% 0.8%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Pine Forest Desert Ros.Scrub
Mixed Oak-Pine Forest
PiedmontScrub
Chaparral Agriculture Grassland GypsicGrassland
Desert Micro.Scrub
Vegetation Types
% o
f Are
a
NDVI
8.2%
25.2%27.1%
20.8%
10.3%
4.7%
2.1%0.9% 0.4% 0.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
< -0.05 -0.05 - 0 0 - 0.05 0.05 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.15 0.15 - 0.2 0.2 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.3 0.3 - 0.35 > 0.35
% o
f Are
a
More than the half of gypsum area is dominated
by Pinus arizonica woods
91% of the gypsum, show a NDVI below
0.15
![Page 19: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
We checked GBH, TEX and CFNL herbaria
And others in process
![Page 22: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Number of endemic species for stateGrowing on gypsumRestricted to gypsum
![Page 23: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
We plan to finish the fieldwork next month
![Page 24: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Endemism in Gypsum
258
73
41
-40
10
60
110
160
210
260
Nuevo Leon Endemics Present in Gypsum Gypsum Obliged
Nu
mb
er
of
sp
ec
ies
![Page 25: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
FAMILYSTATE ENDEMIC
PRESENT IN GYPSUM
GYPSUM OBLIGED FAMILY
STATE ENDEMIC
PRESENT IN GYPSUM
GYPSUM OBLIGED
ASTERACEAE 78 21 12 MALVACEAE 2 0 0CACTACEAE 33 9 6 OLEACEAE 2 2 1LAMIACEAE 18 4 2 PAPAVERACEAE 2 1 1LEGUMINOSAE 15 2 1 VERBENACEAE 2 1 0BORAGINACEAE 11 3 1 ASCLEPIADACEAE 1 0 0SCROPHULARIACEAE 9 3 3 CELASTRACEAE 1 0 0BRASSICACEAE 8 3 0 FRANKENIACEAE 1 0 0CRASSULACEAE 8 2 2 HYDRANGEACEAE 1 1 0HYDROPHYLLACEAE 7 2 1 JUGLANDACEAE 1 0 0EUPHORBIACEAE 6 2 1 LAURACEAE 1 0 0CARYOPHYLLACEAE 5 2 2 LENTIBULARIAEAE 1 1 1ROSACEAE 5 0 0 LOASACEAE 1 1 1APIACEAE 4 0 0 NYCTAGINACEAE 1 1 1RUBIACEAE 4 2 1 PLATANACEAE 1 0 0SOLANACEAE 4 0 0 POLYGONACEAE 1 0 0LINACEAE 3 2 2 RANUNCULACEAE 1 0 0ONAGRACEAE 3 2 0 RHAMNACEAE 1 1 0POLYGALACEAE 3 0 0 RUTACEAE 1 0 0ACANTHACEAE 2 0 0 STAPHYLEACEAE 1 0 0ANACARDIACEAE 2 1 0 URTICACEAE 1 0 0GENTIANACEAE 2 1 1 VIOLACEAE 1 0 0
TOTAL 258 73 41
![Page 26: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Hinton’s made 1,622 collections on gypsum.
We have visited 31 sites and collected 850 specimens.
Propose Natural Protected Areas on gypsum
![Page 27: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Inclusion on:Mexican LawCITESIUCN
using at least 4 criteria:
Overall distribution Current status of the habitat Biological intrinsic vulnerability Human impact to habitat
![Page 28: Flora Endemism on Gypsum Outcrops of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Margarita Barba, Miguel A. González, A. Eduardo Estrada,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062318/5514d5e1550346935c8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)