floppy drive interface_IDE_akash

8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash

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Floppy DriveInterface


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Booting the system

Distributing Software

Providing Removable storage

Roles:

Components

Floppy Drive Controller

The Power Cable

The Control/Data Cable


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Provide communication between processor & floppy disk drive

Location

Separate

Multifunction Card(Up to 1994)

Integrated on motherboard

The Floppy drive controller

Floppy Controller Speed


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Floppy ControllerResources

IRQ 6

DMA Channel 2

I/O Address 3F0-3F7h

The Floppy drive controller (Contd.)


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Provide communication between processor & floppy disk drive

Voltage Required

+5.0V for Logic Circuit

+12.0V for Motors

The Power Cable


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carries data between computer & drive

5 connectors, little twist near one end.

34 pins

Twist reverses pins 10-16 to distinguish drive A and B

The Control/Data Cable


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The Control/Data Cable(Contd)


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phantom drive problem

When a new disk is inserted operating system continues to display the files

on the old disk

Disk change signal not arriving at pin 34

Floppy Interface Problem


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Integrated Drive

Electronics(IDE)Interface


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IDE

controller is built into the drive instead of being a separate unit

Advantage:

Communication b/n controller & drive are more efficient

Communication b/n two need not be standardized

Fast Communication


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The "proper" name for the IDE interface is AT Attachment, orATA

The first formal standard defining the AT Attachment interface was submitted to

ANSI for approval in 1990. This standard is sometimes called ATA-1 to distinguish

it from its successors.

The original IDE/ATA standard defines the following features and transfer modes:

PIO Modes: ATA includes support for PIO modes 0, 1 and 2.

The oldest method of transferring data over the IDE/ATA interface is throughthe use ofprogrammed I/O.

DMA Modes: ATA includes support for single word DMA modes 0, 1 and 2,

and multiword DMA mode 0.

"Plain" ATA does not include support for enhancements such as ATAPacket

Interface (ATAPI), hence is no longer used.

The ATAPI standard is used for devices like optical tape and removable storage

drives. It enables them to plug into the standard IDE cable used by IDE/ATA hard

disks, and be configured as master or slave, etc.

just like a hard disk would be.

ATA-1


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PIO

Mode

Maximum

transfer rate

(MB/s)

Minimum

cycle time

Standard

where spec is

defined

Mode 0 3.3 600 ns ATA-1

Mode 1 5.2 383 ns ATA-1

Mode 2 8.3 240 ns ATA-1

Mode 3 11.1 180 ns ATA-2

Mode 4 16.7 120 ns ATA-2

Mode 5 20 100 nsCompactFlash

2.0

Mode 6 25 80 nsCompactFlash

2.0


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DMAModes

DMA Mode

Cycle Time

(nanoseconds)

Maximum Transfer

Rate (MB/s) Defining Standard

Single Word

Mode 0960 2.1 ATA

Single Word

Mode 1480 4.2 ATA

Single Word

Mode 2240 8.3 ATA

DMA ModeCycle Time

(nanoseconds)

Maximum Transfer

Rate (MB/s)Defining Standard

MultiwordMode 0

480 4.2 ATA

Multiword

Mode 1150 13.3 ATA-2

Multiword

Mode 2120 16.7 ATA-2


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ATA-2

ATA-2 was a significant enhancement of the original ATA standard. It

defines the following improvements over the base ATA standard (with

which it is backward compatible):

Faster PIO Modes: ATA-2 adds the faster PIO modes 3 and 4 to

those supported by ATA.

Faster DMA Modes: ATA-2 adds multiword DMA modes 1 and 2 to

the ATA modes.

Block Transfers: ATA-2 adds commands to allow block transfers

for improved performance.

Logical Block Addressing (LBA): ATA-2 defines support (by the

hard disk) for logical block addressing.

Improved "Identify Drive" Command: This command allows harddisks to respond to inquiries from software, with more accurate

information about their geometry and other characteristics.


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Improved Reliability: ATA-3 improves the reliability of the higher-

speed transfer modes, which can be an issue due to the low-

performance standard cable used up to that point in IDE/ATA.

Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART):

ATA-3 introduced this reliability feature.

Security Feature: ATA-3 defined security mode, which allows

devices to be protected with a password.

ATA-3

The ATA-3 standard is a minor revision of ATA-2


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Aside from combining ATA and ATAPI, this standard defined several

other significant enhancements and changes:Ultra DMA Modes: High-speed Ultra DMA modes 0, 1 and 2,

defining transfer rates of 16.7, 25 and 33.3 MB/s were created.

High-Performance IDE Cable: An improved, 80-conductor IDE

cable was first defined in this standard. It was thought that the higher-

speed Ultra DMA modes would require the use of this cable in order to

eliminate interference caused by their higher speed.Cyclical Redundancy Checking (CRC): This feature was added to

ensure the integrity of data sent using the faster Ultra DMA modes.

ATA-4

In 1999, the ATA-5 standard defined two new transfer modes:Ultra DMA modes 3 and 4 (mode 4 is also called Ultra ATA/66or

Ultra DMA/66). What is more, it offers automatic detection of the

type of ribbon cables being used (80 or 40 wires)

ATA-5


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ATA-6

Since 2001, ATA-6 definesUltra DMA/100 (also called

Ultra DMA mode 5orUltra-ATA100), which allows drives to

theoretically reach throughputs of 100 Mb/s.

In addition, ATA-6 defines a new functionality, called

Automatic Acoustic Management(AAM), which allows drivesthat support this function to automatically adjust access

speeds in order to reduce running noise.


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Ultra DMA

Mode

Cycle

Time

(nanosec

onds)

Maximum

Transfer Rate

(MB/s)

Defining Standard

Mode 0 240 16.7 ATA/ATAPI-4





Mode 5 40 100.0 ATA/ATAPI-6?

Ultra DMA


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NameANSI

StandardSynonym

Mode

(PIO/DMA)

Throughput

(Mb/s)Comments

ATA-1ANSI X3.221-

1994IDE

PIO mode 0 3,3

PIO mode 1 5,2

PIO mode 2 8,3

DMA mode 0 8,3

ATA-2ANSI X3.279-

1996

EIDE, Fast

ATA, Fast

ATA-2

PIO mode 3 11,1

28-bit LBAPIO mode 4 16,7

DMA mode 1 13,3

DMA mode 2 16,7

ATA-3ANSI X3.298-

1997

PIO mode 3 11,1

SMART, 28-bit

LBA

PIO mode 4 16,7

DMA mode 1 13,3DMA mode 2 16,7

ATA-4/ATAPI-

4

ANSINCITS

317-1998

Ultra-ATA/33,

UDMA 33,

Ultra DMA 33

UDMA mode

016,7

Ultra DMA 33

and supports

CD-ROMs

(ATAPI)

UDMA mode

125,0

UDMA mode

233,3

ATA-5/ATAPI-

5

ANSINCITS

340-2000

Ultra-ATA/66,UDMA 66,

Ultra DMA 66

U

DMA mode3 44,4 Ultra DMA66, uses a 80-

wire cableUDMA mode

466,7

ATA-6/ATAPI-

6

ANSINCITS

347-2001

Ultra-

ATA/100,

UDMA 100,

Ultra DMA

100

UDMA mode

5100

Ultra DMA

100, LBA48

and the AAC

(Automatic

Acoustic

Management)function


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floppy drive interface_IDE_akash

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