FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959

PRESENTED BY: MOHAMMAD SHAHRUKH

SABRIADEEBA KHATOON

“FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION”- THAT HAS BEEN MISUNDERSTOOD.FORM AND FUNCTION SHOULD BE ONE, JOINED IN A SPIRITUAL UNION.”

Frank Lloyd Wright was American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator.He designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture.This philosophy was best exemplified by Falling water (1935), which has been called "the best all time work of American architecture“

Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the concept of the Usonian home.His unique vision for urban planning in the United States. His creative period spanned more than 70 years.

Frank Lloyd Wright was born June 8, 1867, in Richland Centre, Wisconsin. His mother, Anna Lloyd Jones, was a teacher from a large Welsh family who had settled in Spring Green, Wisconsin, where Wright later built his famous home, Taliesin. His father, William Carey Wright, was a preacher and a musician. Wright's family moved frequently during his early years, living in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Iowa before settling in Madison, Wisconsin, when Frank Lloyd Wright was 12 years old. He spent his summers with mother's family in Spring.

In 1885, the year Wright graduated from public high school in Madison.His parents divorced and his father moved away, never to be heard from again. That year, Wright enrolled at the University of Wisconsin at Madison to study civil engineering.In order to pay his tuition and help support his family, he worked for the dean of the engineering department and assisted the acclaimed architect Joseph Silsbee with the construction of the Unity Chapel. The experience convinced Wright that he wanted to become an Architect, and In 1887 he dropped out of school to go to work for Silsbee in Chicago.

Architecture Education

Professional Life• In 1889, a year after he began working for Louis Sullivan, the 22-

year-old Wright married a 19-year-old woman named Catherine Tobin, and they eventually had six children together. Their home in the Oak Park suburb of Chicago, now known as the Frank Lloyd Wright home and studio, is considered his first architectural masterpiece. It was there that Wright established his own architectural practice upon leaving Adler and Sullivan in 1893.

Beginning Of his Work• The experience convinced Wright that he

wanted to become an Architect, and in 1887 he dropped out of school to go to work for Silsbee in Chicago.

• A year later, in 1888 Wright began an apprenticeship with the Chicago architectural firm of Adler and Sullivan, working directly under Louis Sullivan, the great American architect best known as "the father of skyscrapers." Sullivan, who rejected ornate European styles in favour of a cleaner aesthetic summed up by his maxim "form follows function," had a profound influence on Wright, who would eventually carry to completion Sullivan's dream of defining a uniquely American style of architecture. Wright worked for Sullivan until 1893, when he breached their contract by accepting private commissions to design homes, and the two parted ways.

In his autobiography, Wright recounts that he also had a short stint in another Chicago architecture office. Feeling that he was underpaid for the quality of his work for Silsbee (at $8 a week), the young draftsman quit and found work as a designer at the firm of Beers, Clay, and Dutton. However, Wright soon realized that he was not ready to handle building design by himself; he left his new job to return to Joseph Silsbee this time with a raise in salary.A year After in 1893, he designed the Winslow House in River Forest, which with its horizontal emphasis and expansive, open interior spaces is the first example of Wright's revolutionary style, later dubbed "organic Architecture."

"Prairie School" buildings include the Robie House in Chicago and the Unity Temple in Oak Park. While such works made Wright a celebrity and his work became the subject of much acclaim in Europe, he remained relatively unknown outside of architectural circles in the United States.Over the next several years, Wright designed a series of residences and public buildings that became known as the leading examples of the "Prairie School" of architecture.

As an ArchitectTransition and experimentation

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF WRIGHT DESIGNS : Organic colors

Simple geometric shapes Integration of building with

natural surroundings Strong horizontal lines and

hidden entries

• Some of Wright’s earliest homes are in Oak Park. They show a blend of Victorian and Prairie School elements. These are sometimes called “bread and butter” houses.

Prairie School" of architecture.

Robie House in Chicago

S.NO. Buildings Architectural style Location Built

1 Fallingwater Modern Architecture Mill Run, Pennsylvania 1936–1939

2 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

Modern art Manhattan, New York City 1937

3 Johnson Wax Headquarters American Style Racine, Wisconsin 1936

4 Taliesin Prairie style Spring Green, Wisconsin 1911–1959

5 Taliesin West Modern Architecture Boulevard, Scottsdale 1937

6 Robie House Prairie style  Chicago, Cook County 1909

7 Imperial Hotel, Tokyo Modern Architecture Chiyoda- ku , Tokyo, Japan 1922–1967

8 Darwin D. Martin House Prairie School Buffalo, New York 1903–1905

9 Unity Temple Modern 875 Lake St. Oak Park, Illinois 1905–1908

10 Ennis House Mayan Revival, Textile Los Angeles, California 1924

11 Larkin Administration Building

Modern Buffalo, New York 1903

12 Dana-Thomas House Other Springfield, Illinois 1902–1904

13 Coonley House Prairie School  Riverside, Illinois 1908

14 Marin County Civic Center Modern Movement San Rafael, California 1960

Buildings design by Wright

Famous Buildings: Fallingwater (Edgar J. Kaufmann Sr. Residence),  Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1935–1937 Frederick C. Robie Residence Chicago, Illinois, 1909 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City, 1956–1959 Unity Temple Oak Park Illinois, 1904 Price Tower Bartlesville, Oklahoma1952–1956 Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio, Oak Park, Illinois, 1889–1909 Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, Japan, 1923 Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona, 1937 The Illinois, mile-high tower in Chicago, 1956[not built]

SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA The site chosen was a natural landscape area for the

weak end home with a water stream with it. It was thought that the building would have a view of stream but fl Wright made it over the stream. Spaces are designed to bring nature inside the four

walls Cluster organization around central core

FALLING WATERS

Wright used only 4 materials to build Fallingwater— sandstone, reinforced concrete, steel and glass.Horizontal element – concrete.planes differentiated and accentuate by changes in color, texture, and material .vertical element – native stone. gives a sculpture quality highlighting the horizontal Interiors are simply through vibrant because of use of triadic colors for furniture's and monochromatic brown color for walls, ceiling , floor

Wright used a lot of clear glass to allow the outside to flow freely into the inside. At certain times of day, the glass becomes very reflective and reminds some people of the mirror-like surfaces of a calm pool of water. At night, the glass seems to disappear.Wright chose the pale ochre color of the concrete to match the back of a fallen rhododendron leaf.

Plans and section :

Interior of Falling Water• The Interior Of falling Water

is based on natural and communistic design.

• Wright design in a manner that there is feeling of neutrality and satisfaction, in the environment.

• The design in inside is complement to the outside design,

The interior of Falling water depicting a sitting area with furnishings designed by Wright.Falling water interior near the hatch.

• Established in 1937• Type Art museum• Frank Lloyd Wright created the Guggenheim Museum as a series of organic shapes. • Circular forms spiral down like the interior of a shell. • Visitors to the museum begin on the upper level and follow a sloping ramp downward through connected exhibition spaces.

GUGGENHEIUM MUSEUM

Concept :• The building itself

became a work of art. • At the core, an open

rotunda offers views of artwork on several levels.

• From the street, the building looks like a white ribbon rolled into a cylindrical shape, slightly wider at the top than at the bottom.

• Internally, the galleries form a spiral.

Its design was inspired by a "Ziggurat" Babylonian temple pyramid, inverted.

ROBIE HOUSE ,CHICAGO • The Robie House of 1910

is generally considered to be Wright’s “best "Prairie style work.

• This style is characterized by a dominating

horizontal axis, banded windows, and a spacious and open interior plan.

• The exterior is dominated by a low hipped roof, simple building materials (mainly brick, wood, and stucco)Fl Wright principle was

followed in this house:

strong horizontal lineshidden entries

simple geometric shapes were followed in robie house glass

 

CONCEPT :• The house was designed for

Frederick C. Robie, a bicycle manufacturer, who did not want a home done in the typical Victorian style.

• Robie desired a modern floor plan and needed a garage, and a playroom for children.

• He also required that his home be

fire-proof, yet retained an open floor

plan free of closed, box-like rooms

that would prevent the uniformity of decoration and design.

Unity temple , lake street , oak park, ,

united states Background :• In 1905, after the original

Unity Church burned down, the Universalist congregation

of Oak Park, Illinois turned to architect Frank Lloyd Wright to design them a new structure. 

• And finally, the architect was expected to design not only the structure, but furniture and stained glass for the building. 

• Wright designed Unity Temple in Oak Park (1905) as a place of worship for the Unitarian faith. This is his original drawing of the building.

• As is consistent with the Unitarian faith, the building is stately, solid, and devoid of religious iconography.

•To reduce noise from the street, Wright eliminated street level windows in the temple. Instead, natural light comes from stained glass windows in the roof and clerestories along the upper walls

Principles:• the solid concrete

construction, as well as

the incorporation of other typical Wright elements.

• Simple geometric shape

• Hidden entries

Because of its consolidation of aesthetic intent and structure through use of a single material, reinforced concrete, Unity Temple is considered by many architects to be the first modern building in the world.

This idea became of central importance to the modern architects who followed Wright, such as Mies Van Der Rohe, and even the post-modernists, such as Frank Gehry .

Meaning in architecture : Falling water : Represent water, as it is placed above the

falling water . Robie house : Represent Land . Constructed by wood,

brick . Guggenheim museum : Represent social and culture .

Since it is a museum , it has art works that represent culture .

Unity temple : Represent Religion . Since it is a church .AIA Gold Medal (1949)Twenty-five year award Royal Gold Medal (1941)

Awards

AWARDS $ ACHIEVEMENTSLater in his life and well after his death in 1959, Wright received much honorary recognition for his lifetime achievements,1-  He received Gold Medal awards from The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1941.2-  He received Gold Medal awards from The  American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 1949.3-  He was awarded the Franklin Institute's Frank P. Brown Medal in 1953.4- He received honorary degrees from several universities (including his "alma mater", the University of Wisconsin) and several nations named him as an honorary board member to their national academies of art and/or architecture. In 2000.

5- In 2004, one of the spires included in his design was erected in his memory. Consisting of roughly 1,700 individual pieces of steel, the Frank Lloyd Wright Spire is visible from nearly everywhere in residential Scottsdale and illuminates the night sky with a stunning, futuristic architectural ambiance of teal and blue.

Taliesin West (1937)• Taliesin West was architect Frank

Lloyd Wright's winter home and school in the desert from 1937 until his death in 1959 at the age of 91. Today it is the main campus of the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture and houses the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation.

• TODAY TALIESIN WEST HOUSES THE FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Interior of Taliesin

• The Taliesin is Very Precious ex- in using the natural light and as well as artificial light.

• The wood work on the ceiling is directly exposed inside without covering with other materials

• The arrangement are accordingly to fill the function of the space

Use of Local Material 

EARLIEST WORK

• Some of Wright’s earliest homes are in Oak Park. They show a blend of Victorian and Prairie School elements. These are sometimes called “bread and butter” houses.

• Mr. Wright's "organic architecture" was a radical departure from the traditional architecture of his day, which was dominated by European styles that dated back hundreds of years or even millennia

• While most of his designs were single-family homes his varied output also includes houses of worship, skyscrapers, resorts, museums, government offices, gas stations, bridges, and other masterpieces showing the diversity of Frank Lloyd Wright's talent.

Thomas Gale House Goodrich House

Foster House

Hartley House

Smith Bank

Introduction to Frank Lloyd Wright

furniture• Wright’s early oak furnishings, characterized

by straight lines and rectilinear forms, are designed with the traditional Arts and Crafts preference for solidity and simplicity. In the early 1890s, as Wright worked to define his vision for a new American architecture, he began designing furniture for his own home in Oak Park. Built-in window seats and two sturdy oak armchairs, modelled on designs by English artist-designer William Morris, were executed for the living room between 1890-95. The dining table and eight high back chairs created for the 1895 dining room of the home are revolutionary for the time.

• Bold, innovative and architectural, the furnishings and decorative arts of Wright’s Chicago years were conceived as integral elements of his Prairie interiors, designed in harmony with each specific commission. Incorporating furniture, lighting, and decorative arts into the structure of his buildings enabled Wright to achieve a harmonious and unified interior.

Furniture •Larkin Building Desk Chair •1906 •Width = 24.75” •Depth = 20.5” •Height = 37”

•Robie High Back Chair •1909 •Width = 40cm •Depth = 45.5cm •Height = 133cm Barrel Chair

•1937 •Width = 20.75” •Depth = 19.5” •Height = 30”

•Taliesin West “Origami” Chair •1949 •Taliesin 2 Floor

Lamp •1955 •Width = 16” •Depth = 16” •Height = 80”

•Usonian Collection •1945 - 1959

Rectangle End Table (50.5” x 26.5” x 18”) End Table (25.25” x

26.5” x 24”) Square Coffee Table (41.5” x 41.5” x 18”)

Storage Box Ottoman (16.5” x 16.5” 19”)

Midway 1,2,3 •1913

•The Ingalls Bed •1909 •Queen: 66” x 94” x 52” •King: 82” x 94” x 52” •Cal. King: 78” x 98” x 52”

The Ingalls Bed

We create our buildings and then they create us. Likewise, we construct our circle of friends and our communities and then they construct us

The architect must be a prophet... a prophet in the true sense of the term... if he can't see at least ten years ahead don't call him an architect.

Architecture is life, or at least it is life itself taking form and therefore it is the truest record of life as it was lived in the world yesterday, as it is lived today or ever will be lived.

THANK

you

Video on introduction to Frank Lloyd Wright