Fishing Technology of Myanmar 1 - Indian Ocean · Khin Myo Myo 2 INTRODUCTION ... • MAUNG MA KAN...

Fishing Technology of Myanmar 1

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ASEAN/SEAFEDC Regional Technical Consultation Meeting

on Management and Conservation of Sea Turtle

in Southeast Asia

ASEAN/SEAFEDC Regional Technical ASEAN/SEAFEDC Regional Technical Consultation Meeting Consultation Meeting

on on Management and Conservation of Sea Turtle Management and Conservation of Sea Turtle

in in Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

MYANMARMYANMARMYANMAR

Maung Maung Lwin Maung Maung Lwin and and

Khin Myo MyoKhin Myo Myo

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

LOCATION & AREALOCATION & AREALOCATION & AREALOCATION & AREA

- Situated betweenLongitude 90º – 108º ELatitude 10º – 28º 31’ N

ANDAM ANS EA

CHINA

LAOS

THAI LAND

INDIA

BAYOFBANGL

KACHIN STA TE

CHIN STATE

SHAN STATE

KAYA STATE

KAYINSTATE

MONSTAT

SAGAINGDIVISION

MAGWAYDIVISION

BAGODIVISION

YANGONDIVISION

MAND

ALAY

DIVISI

ON

AYEYARWADYDIVISION

TANINTH

ARYI

DIVISION

BANGLADAHS

NEW

S

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Three Coastal Region-

(1) Rakhine coastal (2) Ayeyarwady and Gulf of

Mottama (Delta zone) (3) Taninthayi coastal

Coastline - 2832 km

- Many Island and sandy beaches for sea turtle banks.

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

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9998979695949392

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30’ 30’ 30’ 30’ 30’ 30’ 30’

30’

30’

30’

30’

30’

30’

30’

30’

30’

30’

30’30’30’30’30’30’30’

30’

30’

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F ishing Grounds of Myanmarand Landing Sit es

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18F

E

D

C

B

A

Depar tment of Fisher ies

BASE LINE

TE RRI TO RIAL L IN E

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

v

GWA

YE

DAWEI

MYE IK

KAW TH OUNG

L OCATI ON OF LANDING SI TE S

HA NDWE

T HANDWE

SITT WAYSI TTWAY (RAK H INE)

TH ANDW E(R AK H I NE )

GW A

YANGON

MA WLAMYINE( MON)PAT HEIN(A YEYARWADY)

YE

DAWE I

MY EI K

DEP

AR

TME NT O F FI SHER

IES


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Background Background

-- 1963 DOF breed and protected sea turtle at 1963 DOF breed and protected sea turtle at ThameehlaThameehla Island Island

inin AyweyarwaddyAyweyarwaddy

-- In 1986 hatchery was established on In 1986 hatchery was established on ThameehlaThameehla

-- At present Myanmar declared member of ASEAN / SEAFDEC At present Myanmar declared member of ASEAN / SEAFDEC

-- Myanmar become member of SEAFDEC, CITES and IOSEA/ Myanmar become member of SEAFDEC, CITES and IOSEA/

CMSCMS


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Turtle Species Turtle Species Lepidochelys olivacea ( Olive ridley )Chelonia mydas ( Green Turtle )Caretta caretta ( Loggerhead)Eretmochelys imbricata ( Hawksbill )Dermochelys coriacea ( Leatherback)

Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar

Two species considered almost extinctTwo species considered almost extinct

- Hawksbill and Leatherback are some part of Rakhine andThaninthayi very seldom

- In Ayeyarwaddy – Green turtle, Olive ridley and loggerhead- One of the most valuable marine animals- Rare marine animals

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1. Andaman sea ( Mon State & 1. Andaman sea ( Mon State & ThaninthayiThaninthayi Division)Division)2. Gulf of 2. Gulf of MottamaMottama (Mon State & (Mon State & AyeyarwaddyAyeyarwaddy Division)Division)3.3. Bay of Bengal (Bay of Bengal (RakhineRakhine State)State)

Turtle Nesting Areas Turtle Nesting Areas


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1. BILU KYUN

2. HAN KA N

3. WAR KYUN

4. ZEE PHYU THA UNG

MON STATEBILU KY UN

HAN KAN

WAR KY UNZEE PHYU THAUNG


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TANINTHAYI

• BYU-BYEIK• PYIN GYI• BA WAR• KAN THAUNG• PIDAKUK• PIKE TAE LAY• DAMINSEIK• MAUNG MA KAN• LOUNG LON BOK • SHIN MAW• PA NYIT

12. LAM PI13. MALI14. DONN KYUN15. PYIN SA BU

MALIMALI

LAM PI

DONN KYUN

PYIN SA BU


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AyeyarwaddyAyeyarwaddy DivisionDivision1. THA MEE HLA

2. KHONE GY I

3. WAR GONE

4. KYAUK KA LAT

5. THET K E TH AUNG

6. ZEE CHA I

7. PYIN KA YA I

8. KA DON GA LAY

9. GA YET GY I

10. NGET U TH AUNG

11. MA SEUIN Y ON

12. HTAUNG GY I TA N

13. ASHAET PHY A

14. MINGALAR THA UNG TAN

15. NGA MUN TH AUNG

16. KAI THAUN G

17. AMATT GY I

18 AMATT K A LAY

19. PYIN SA LU


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RakhineRakhine StateState

1. INBARI

2. MARN AUNG KYUN

3. YE KYUN

INBARI

MARN AUNGYE KYUN


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ObjectiveObjective

1.1. Preserve and restore development feeding and Preserve and restore development feeding and nesting habitats.nesting habitats.2. Make nesting beaches acceptable to turtle by 2. Make nesting beaches acceptable to turtle by eliminating the advised impact through compulsory, eliminating the advised impact through compulsory, mandatory and law enforcement.mandatory and law enforcement.3.3. To implement beaches cleaning program and To implement beaches cleaning program and prevent predator activities.prevent predator activities.4.4. Minimizing waste and pollution of the marine Minimizing waste and pollution of the marine environment.environment.5.5. Increasing public awareness and participation in Increasing public awareness and participation in Sea turtle Conservation through extension and Sea turtle Conservation through extension and public education work.public education work.


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1. Human habitation on turtle bank.2. Poaching of turtles eggs without reserve for the sustainability of turtle.3. Incidental catch in the sea by fishing.4. Destruction of routes to hatching areas and nesting place.5. Destruction of nesting beaches by urban construction words and

negative impact introduced by human being. Insufficient legislative measure and weak law enforcement.

Cause of extinction of Sea turtleCause of extinction of Sea turtle

Other ThreatsOther Threats- Predators- Pollutions- Tourisms- Coral reef- Sea grass



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The distribution of seagrass along Myanmar Coastal Regions

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Conservation and ManagementHatching and releasing programme in Ayeyarwaddy

( due to the limited capacity)


• Law, regulation and notification

1. In the Burma Fisheries Act ( III – 1905 ), protection for the turtle hatching areas and turtles was included and who trespassed in those areas without official consent was effectively penalized.

2. In 1924, the Government of Burma, Agriculture (Forest Department) Notification No.1 made on official announcement, not to trespass within 3 miles radius from the turtle hatching area.

3. In 1986, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries was promulgated theNotification about conservation of sea turtle regarding.

4. In 1989, DOF Law relating to the Fishing Rights of Foreign Fishing Vessels; (Section 32 b, 32 c, Section 36).

5. In 1990, Myanmar Marine Fisheries Law (DOF) (Section 39, 40).

6. In 1993, the Department of Fisheries declared the Notification No II/93 for Turtles and Tortoises Conservation.

7. The new protection of Wildlife, Wild plants and Conservation of Natural Areas Law replacing the old Myanmar Wildlife Protection Act of 1936 was enacted in 1994 (Forest Department).

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• Hatching and Hatchling releasing

Implement at some Islands and beaches in Ayeyarwaddy Division.1. Hatching in their original natural nests.

Hatching man-made nest by transferring the eggs after they lay.

Percentage of Hatching Rate of Green turtle

Table showing Green turtle hatchling released from newly found rookeries nameKhone Gyi, Wargone, Maydar ai (Thet Ke Thaung) in Ngaputaw Township.

Year Rookeries name Clutches Eggs laid Hatchlingreleased

%

2002

Khonegyi 20 2172 2013 92.68 %

Wargone 7 814 782 96.07 %

Maydar ai 4 476 422 88.66 %

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Table showing Green turtle hatchling released from Thameehla Is land.

Year Species Clutches Eggs laid Hatchlingreleased %

1986Green turtle 109 10539 970 9.2 %

Loggerhead 212 20061 2110 10.52 %

1996Green turtle 480 42775 40514 94.71 %

Loggerhead 113 12784 9096 71.16 %

2000Green turtle 231 45673 43472 95.18 %

Loggerhead 47 8179 7876 96.28 %

2001 Green turtle 102 46680 43590 93.39 %

2002Green turtle 122 11549 9133 79.1 %

Olive ridley 2 201 126 62.69 %


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Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from Gayet Gyi, Bogalay Towhship in 1998 to 2003.

Year Clutches Eggs laid Hatchling released

%

1998 171 19330 14017 72.51 %

1999 82 8882 7474 84.15 %

2000 97 11019 8256 74.93 %

2001 71 7727 6418 83.06 %

2002 41 4279 3846 89.88%


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Table showing Olive ridley hatching released from Kadon Galay, Bogalay Township 1998 to 2003.

Year Clutches Eggs laid Hatchling released %

1998 161 17337 12733 73.44 %

1999 60 6808 4225 62.06 %

2000 201 21769 18978 87.18 %

2001 107 12722 11363 89.32 %

2002 68 8033 7420 92.37 %



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Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from newly found rookery Nget U Thaung underBogalay Township 2002 and 2003.


2002 11 1236 981 79.37 %

Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from newly found rookery Ma Sein Yon underBogalay Township in 2002 and 2003.


2002 8 1009 901 89.29 %


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Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from newly found rookery Nga Mun Thaung under Bogalay Township in 2002 and 2003.


%

2002 1 123 113 91.87 %

Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from newly found rookery Ashaet Phya under Bogalay Township.


%

2002 4 307 286 93.16%


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• Tagging Activities

� Myanmar participated in second Meeting on the Regional Tagging

Programme and Population Statistics on Sea Turtle held in Malaysia in

2000.

In that workshop resolution was passed to provide Myanmar and

Cambodia with Applicators and Inconel Tags by MFRDMD.

� Applicators and Inconel Tags was received Myanmar (DOF) in

November 2001.

� Tagging activity was carried out for nesting Sea Turtle which were

returned to the sea starting from 23 December 2001.

� DOF received Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) and Scanner in

April 2003, it is not put into practice yet because DOF is put into

practice during the nesting period.


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Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar

Year Olive ridley Nos

Green Turtle Nos

Total Remark

2001 13 - 13 Kadon Galay: 6 NosGayet Gyi: 7 Nos

2002 42 54 96Kadon Galay: 26

NosGayet Gyi: 16 NosThameehla: 41 NosKhone Gyi: 13 Nos

2003 10 28 38

Kadon Galay: 5 NosGayet Gyi:

5+1(Green) NosThameehla: 27 Nos

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Turtle Products�- Some villager/ fishermen are eating and marketing the eggs illegally (in remote areas).�- If turtle died because of fishing they eat the meat and sale the carapace to the market.�- Most valuable carapace E. imbricata (marking combs, hair pans and brooches).

public Awareness, Information, Education and Trainingpublic Awareness, Information, Education and Training

- DOF distributes pamphlet, inserting educational programme in newspaper, magazines, radio and television.- Turtle conservation and management course was conducted for the first time from (21-12-2001) to (31-12-2001) at Gayet Gyiconservation station with the participation of 17 trainees.- Inspector Course No.6/2003 conducted by DOF, Myanmar at Institute of Fishing Technology (IFT) in Yangon sea turtle conservation and management was introduced.

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Constraints

- Inadequacy of skill workers and staff.

- Difficulty to control and organize the eggs harvesters in remote areas.

- Communication and Transportation.

- Research Methodology and Equipment.

- Lack of trained person, literatures and information.

- Insufficient technical experience and expertise.


Fishing Technology of Myanmar 1 - Indian Ocean · Khin Myo Myo 2 INTRODUCTION ... • MAUNG MA KAN...

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