ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1989

FISHERIES RESEARCII INSTITUTE, 11700 GELUGOR, PENANG.

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE,

MALAYSIA.

AUGUST 1990.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Organization

1.2. Posts

CONTENTS

1.3. Research facilities

2. RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATIONS

2.1. Aquaculture Research

2.2. Resource Research

2.3. Ecology Research

3. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

3.1. Aquaculture Research

3.2. Resource Research

3.3. Aquatic Ecology Research

4. MAINTENANCE & DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS

5. PUBLICATIONS & REPORTS

6. NEW STAFFF/TRANSFERS ETC.

7. VISITS/VISITORS

8. MEETINGS/SEMINARS/LECTURES/TRAINING COURSES

APPENDIX 1

PAGE

1

5

6

7

8

9

11

13

14

14

49

77

83

87

97

99

103

114

1. INTRODUCTION

FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE MALAYSIA

11700 GELUGOR, PENANG

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1989

Fisheries research and development continued to progress

during the year 1989. In the field of aquaculture, the major

achievements included significant improvements in the hatchery

technology for both marine shrimps (penaeids) and the freshwater

prawn at the National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre in

Kampung Pulau Sayak, Kedah; the successful induced breeding of

several indigenous and exotic fish species at the Freshwater Fish

Research Centre, Batu Berendam, Melaka and preliminary success in

the captive spawning of the grouper at the Marine Finfish Propa­

gation Centre, Tanjung Demong, Terengganu. The fish species that

have been spawned for the first time in captivity in Malaysia

include the Giant River Carp (Probarbus jullieni), the Sebarau

(Hampala macrolepidota), the Pacu, (Colossoma sp.) and the

grouper (Epinephelus suillus) ..

1

The total number of prawn postlarvae/juveniles of both

marine shrimp (Penaeus monodon, ~ Jnerguiensis) and the giant

freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) produced as a by­

product from the research activity nearly doubled from the previ­

ous year's figure to over 130 million, while the total number of

finfish fry of various species, mainly freshwater species pro­

duced at the Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre in Batu Beren­

dam, Melaka were over 2.5 million.

In grow-out operation the mono-sex culture of Red

and monoculture of udang galah in Batu Berendam produced

crops ranging from 9.0-10.7 tonnes/ha/yr for the fish

record production of 3.2 tonnes/ha/yr for the prawn.

Tilapia

bumper

and a

In the research on mollusc culture, the first successful

culture of the cockle (An9da~9. granosa) in Sarawak was carried

out in Kuala Salak, with seeds transplanted from Peninsular

Malaysia. Several new

(Perna viridis) were

spat collection areas

identified in Kedah and

for the

Malacca.

mussel

with

support from the Bay of Bengal Fisheries Development Programme,

significant quantities of oyster spats were collected in Batu

Lintang, Kedah and Telaga Nenas, Perak (Crassostrea belcheri in

both areas), and also in sungai Merchang and Kuala setiu in

Terengganu (Crassostrea iredalei), and the culture of these

oysters appears to have considerable potential. Spat collection

and culture of the oyster (O~t;.rea folium) also continued to make

progress in the Langkawi area.

2

In the field of fisheries resource research, the demersal

fish resource survey conducted off the coasts of Peninsular

Malaysia and the monitoring of landings of commercial vessels at

various fishing ports, together with biological studies, indicate

a declining trend for the coastal fish stocks, hence the need for

conservation and resource enhancement.

The study on the use of spotlights by purse seine vessels

provided evidence that light is more effective than the tradi­

tional "tuas" in aggregating fish. Vessels using spotlights were

observed to land higher catches.

With the granting of licences for vessels for the bottom

dredging of carpet clam, Paphia undulata, off Kedah, monitoring

on catch and effort data were started. It is hoped that the

information obtained could provide the scientific basis for the

rational exploitation of the valuable resource on a sustained

basis.

In aquatic ecology and pollution studies, the programme

included the further development of artificial reefs to enhance

fisheries resources and evaluation for effectiveness of various

reef construction materials. The studies on the ecology of natu­

ral reefs provide information on their productivity and species

diversity.

Commercial scale cockle depuration has been demonstrated to

be feasible. The levels of bacterial contamination could be

reduced to accepted levels within 24 hours. Monitoring of heavy

3

metals in the coastal environment indicates that fish and shell­

fish from our waters are relatively free from such contamination.

There is little cause for concern from the consumers' view

point.

The Institute's research seminar during the year was held in

Melaka from 28 - 30 June. Technical papers covering all aspects

of fisheries research were presented. The titles of the papers

are listed in the Publications/Reports section.

In 1989, the cost of running the Institute, together with

its branches (Appendix 1) in Johor (Brackishwater Aquaculture Re­

search Centre, Gelang Patah); Terengganu (Marine Fish Resource

Research Centre, K. Terengganu); Melaka (Freshwater Fisheries

Research Centre, Batu Berendam) i and Kedah (National Prawn Fry

Production & Research Centre, Kg. Pulau Sayak) but not including

the centre in Sarawak (Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa)

amounted to approximately $5.5 million. Research and Development

expenditure for the year totalled just over $3.1 million.

Although occasional difficulties were encountered with the

operating budget, the research and development allocation for the

year was quite adequate. Accordingly, most of the research

projects were implemented without much financial constraint. The

increased development funding in recent years is in line with

the government's policy of intensification of research in priori­

ty areas.

4

1.1. ORGANIZATION

The Institute comprises 3 research sections, viz. Resource,

Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture (Appendix 2).

The Resource section consists of the Demersal, Pelagic and

Fishing Gear Technology units - all based in Glugor - and the

Marine Fish Resource Research Centre situated in Kuala

nu, Terengganu. It also works very closely with

Fisheries Research Centre located at Bintawa, Sarawak.

Terengga­

the Marine

The Aquatic Ecology section comprises the Conservation and

Pcllution units, both based in Glugor, Penang. It also works

very closely with the Institute's Centre in Kuala Terengganu in

the implementation of the artificial reef and marine park

projects.

The Aquaculture Section consists of the Mariculture unit

based in Glugor, Penang; the Freshwater unit based in Batu Beren­

dam, Melakai the Brackishwater unit situated in Gelang Patah,

Johor and the National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre in

Kg. Pulau Sayak, Kedah.

The Institute also maintains a research component in the

Department's Marine Finfish Fry Production Centre located in

Tanjung Demong, Terengganu and provides the technical support in

the mass production of Lates calcarifer fry at the Centre, as

well as in research on the artificial propagation of the grouper

Epinephelus sp.

5

1.2. POSTS

In 1989, the Institute had a total of 522 posts comprising

499 permanent and 23 temporary posts.

Director of Research 1

Aquaculture section Head 1

Mariculture unit 39

Freshwater Centre 124

Brackishwater Centre 38

National Prawn Centre 73

Resource section Head 1

Demersal Unit, inc. Gear 42 Technology

Pelagic Unit, Glugor 9

Kuala Terengganu Centre 30

Bintawa Centre 85

Ecology section Head 1

Conservation unit 22

Pollution unit 15

General Adminstration/ Technical Services Section 38

TOTAL 522

6

However not all the posts were filled. Several staff mem-

bers were away on long study leave and available staff had to be

redeployed in order to enable project implementation to be car­

ried out as efficiently as possible. The problem resulting from

lack of crew members of the various research vessels was most

critical as the job could not be done by unqualified personnel.

The shortage affected the smooth implementation of several sea-

based research projects. It was however to some extent alleviat-

ed by the use of commercial fishing vessels on a rental basis.

1.3. RESEARCH FACILITIES

The research vessels, K.K. "MERSUJI", K.K. "PELALING", K.K.

"KERAPU" and K.K. "JENAHAK" were based in Glugor, Penang; K. K.

"SENANGIN" in K. Terengganu, and the K.K. "MANCHONG" and K. K.

"MALONG" in Kuching, Sarawak. These vessels were adequately

equipped to carry out the research and field operations relating

to fisheries resource assessment, aquaculture, artificial reef

construction and monitoring, and marine pollution. Full deploy­

ment of these vessels was however not possible as a result of

crew shortage.

Shore-based research facilities at the Institute and all its

branches were considerably improved with the provision of R&D

funding. The construction of the Phase Two Extension to the

7

Marine Finfish Fry Production Centre in Tanjung Demong, Terengga­

nu is expected to considerably increase the capability of the

Institute in the field of larviculture of marine finfish, par­

ticularly Lates calcarifer and Epinephelus spp.. However, the

Institute was still handicapped by the lack of proper laboratory

space particularly in the Institute's headquarters at Glugor,

Penang. It is envisaged that this problem will soon be overcome

with the implementation of the newly-approved project for the

modernization of fisheries research facilities. A new research

cum administrative complex is currently being planned for con­

struction in Batu Maung, Penang, next to the Institut Latihan

Perikanan Malaysia.

2. RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATIONS

The overall research programme is geared towards the proper

development and management of the fisheries sector (including

aquaculture), in line with Government Policies, and in particu­

lar, the National Agriculture Policy.

The main research projects undertaken by the various sec­

tions/Centres of the Institute during the year 1989 are listed as

follows according to the respective units and the officers in­

volved:

8

2.1 AQUACULTURE RESEARCH

A. MARl CULTURE UNIT, GLUGOR, PENANG.

2.1.1

2.1. 2

2.1. 3

2.1. 4

2.1. 5

2.1. 6

Artificial propagation of Lates calcarifer (Ali Awang, Mahdom Ibrahim).

Broodstock maturation and spawning of Epinephelus sp. (Ali Awang, Mahdom Ibrahim) .

culture of live food organisms (Ali Awang, Ng Fong Oon) .

Cockle transplantation (Ng Fong Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair, Ong Kah Sin) .

Mussel culture (Ng Fong Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair, Ong Kah Sin) .

Oyster Zaman,

culture,and transplantation (Ng Fong Devakie N2tr, Ong Kah Sin).

Don, Kamal

2.1.7 Fish Disease (Md. Akhir Arshad).

2.1.8 Seaweed culture (Ramli bin Saad).

2.1.9 Technical support for coastal finfish hatchery operations in Tanjung Demong, Terengganu (Munir Hj. Nawi, Nik Razali Nik Lah).

B. NATIONAL PRAWN FRY PRODUCTION' RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAH

2.1.10 Culture of live food organisms (Faazaz Abd Latiff and Rashidah Mat Resat) .

2.1.11 Maturation studies of Penaeus monodon (Faazaz A. Latiff and the Japanese Expert Mr. S. Makinouchi).

2.1.12 Culture monodon Sayuti) .

and maintenance of pond grown brood stock (K. Subramanian, Liong pit Chong and

of £. Safiah

2.1.13 Larviculture of marine shrimp (V. Palanisamy, Faazaz A. Hatta Hj Latiff, Fariduddin Othman and Muhamad

Mahmud) .

2.1.14 Larviculture of the Giant Malaysian Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Yaakob Ahmad and Zainoddin Jamari) .

9

2.1.15 Nursery management and fry transportation (othman Muha­mad and Muhamad Hatta Hj Mahmud).

2.1.16 Open water stocking (Othman Muhamad & Liong pit Chong).

2.1.17 Feed formulation (Che utama b. Che Musa, Zainoddin Jamari and the Japanese expert Mr. T. Yoshimitsu).

2.1.18 Pathology and water Faazaz Abd. Latiff and

quality studies (V. Liong Pit Chong).

D. BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE RESEARCH CENTRE, JOHOR.

2.1.19 Penaeid prawn culture (Chuah Toh Thye).

2.1.20 Finfish culture (Ramli Khamis).

2.1.21 Feed formulation (Ismail bin Abu Hassan).

2.1.22 Water and pond chemistry (Rosly Hassan).

2.1.23 Disease studies (Fauzidah Othman).

2.1.24 Aquaculture engineering (Hambal Hanafi).

C. FRESHWATER FISH RESEARCH CENTRE, MELAKA.

Palanisamy,

2.1.25 Breeding of indigeous fishes (Ahmad Ashhar Othman & Mohamad zaini Suleiman).

2.1.26 Breeding of exotic fishes (Ahmad Ashhar Othman & Mohamad zaini SUleiman).

2.1.27 Breeding of catfishes (Thalathiah Hj. Saidin).

2.1.28 Genetics and breeding of Tilapia (Jamaludin Ibrahim & Chuah Hean Peng) .

2.1.29 Breeding and culture of ornamental fishes (Chuah Hean Peng) .

2.1.30 Pond-culture of the Tilapia (S. Pathmasothy) .

2.1.31 Pond-culture of prawns (Nik Razali Nik Lah) .

2.1.32 Culture of live food organisms (siti Azamah bte. Hj. Mustapha) .

10

2.1.33 Fish nutrition and feed additives (S. Pathmasotthy & Maznah Othman).

2.1.34 Fish disease - diagnosis and control (Siti Zahrah Abdul­lah) .

2.1.35 Fishery development of reservoirs (Zulkafli A. Rashid).

2.1.36 Fisheries research in the National Agriculture Park, Shah Alam (Zulkafli A. Rashid).

2.1.37 Water quality in aquaculture ( Maznah Othman).

2.2 RESOURCE RESEARCH

A. RESOURCE SECTION, GLUGOR, PENANG

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

2.2.5

2.2.6

Demersal coast o.-t' Pong) .

fish survey in the coastal waters' off the Peninsular Malaysia (Alias b. Man, Lui

Penaeid prawn survey in the coastal waters off the coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Mohd.Taupek bin Hj. Nasir, Lui Yean Pong).

west Yean

west Mohd.

study on the diurnal variation in the catch of prawns in the waters off Pantai Remis, Perak Taupek b. Hj. Mohd. Nasir, Ibrahim b. Johari).

penaeid (Mohd.

study on the catches of the 2-boat II kenka II nets from Kuala Kurau (Mohd. Taupek b. Hj. Mohd. Nasir, Ibrahim b. Johari) .

Study on the carpet clam Paphia undulata, at sungai Batu, Kedah (Mohd. Taupek b. Hj. Mohd. Nasir).

Biological studies on selected pelagic fish species on the west coast of P. Malaysia (Mansor b. Mat Isa).

2.2.7 Monitoring of catches from cuttlefish traps (Bubu Sotong Arus) from Kedah/Perlis (Samsudin b. Basir).

2.2.8 Chemotaxonomic study of fish/prawns/cephalopods (Samsudin b. Basir).

2.2.9 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of fish purse seine boats (Chee Phaik Ean) .

2.2.10 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of anchovy purse seine boats (Chee Phaik Ean) .

11

2.2.11 study on the resource and biology of tuna (Chee Phaik Ean, Lui Yean Pong) .

2.2.12 Monitoring and analysis of the commercial trawl landings and catch composition from selected landing centres on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Chee Phaik Ean, Lui Yean Pong) .

2.2.13 Biological studies on the penaeid prawn Metapenaeus affinis in the coastal waters of Kedah (Alias b. Man)

2.2.14 Studies on the recruitment of Penaeus merguiensis in the estuarine waters of Kuala Sepetang, Perak (Alias b. Man, Lui Yean Pong).

2.2.15 Experimental trials with pair trawl nets (Rosidi b. Ali).

2.2.16 comparative studies on the efficiency of 2-seam, 4-seam and 6-seam trawl nets (Rosidi b. Ali).

B. MARINE FISH RESOURCE RESEARCH CENTRE, TERBNGGANU

2.2.17 Effectiveness of payao as FADs (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan) .

2.2.18 Tuna landings in Terengganu (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan) .

2.2.19 Studies on the landings of trawl fishing and purse seine fisheries (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan).

2.2.20 Catch composition of purse seiners in East Coast (Azman bin Said) .

2.2.21 Prawn resource studies (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Kamarrud­din bin Ibrahim).

2.2.22 Coastal fisheries oceanography (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar) .

2.2.23 Artificial reef development (Sukarno bin wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin) .

. 2.2.24 Turtle conservation (Sukarno bin wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin) .

2.2.25 Collection and transplantation of oyster spats.

12

C. MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH CENTRE, BINTAWA, SARAWAK

2.2.26 Demersal fish resource survey in the EEZ waters off Sarawak. (Albert Chuan Gambang & Richard Rumpet) .

2.2.27 Trial and development of Trawl Gear (Albert Chuan Gambang & Mikio Wakamatsu) .

2.2.28 Artificial spawning of terubok (Tenualosa toli) in Sarawak (Yong Ai Hua) .

2.2.29 Experiments with fish aggregating devices in the offshore waters of Sarawak (Hadil Rajali & Richard Rumpet) .

2.2.30 Landing of tuna fishes in Sarawak (Richard Rumpet & Hadil Rajali) .

2.2.31 Artificial reef development in Sarawak (Ismaili bin Bujang Pit) .

2.2.32 A prelimnary study of the suitability of the area around the Sematan river in Sarawak for tiger prawn farming (Mohammed Mohidin~ .

2.2.33 Cockle transplantation and culture (Mohammed Mohidin & George Chong).

2.2.34 Mussel (Perna viridis) culture (Mohammed Mohidin).

2.3 ECOLOGY RESEARCH

2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.3.4

2'.3.5

2.3.6

Research on artificial reef development (Wong Abdul Razak Latun, Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah, Mohd. Rajuddin & Wan Portiah Hamzah) .

Fai Hung, Kushairi

study of the status of marine parts and ecology natural reefs (Wong Fai Hung, Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah Abdul Razak Latun).

of and

study of the sea-grass ecology (Mohd. Kushairi Raj uddin and Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah) .

Postharvest handling of fishery products (Wan Portiah Hamzah and Velu Murugan) .

Monitoring of heavy metals in shellfish and sediment (Shahunthala Devi and Wan Portiah Hamzah) .

Toxicity screening of oil dispersants and pesticides (Rohani Ibrahim, Velu Murugan, Shahunthala Devi and Wan Portiah) .

13

3. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

3.1 AQUACULTURE RESEARCH

A. MARICULTURE UNIT (GLUGOR, PENANG)

3.1.1 Artificial propagation of Lates calcarifer

The larviculture of the giant sea perch (Lates calcarifer)

was continued, using h~tchlings from the Marine Finfish Hatchery

in Tanjung Demong. A total of 4.35 million I-day old hatchlings

were received for larviculture.

From these hatchlings, slightly over 220,000 fry (2 - 3 cm)

were produced.

farmers, 2,500

Out of these, 55,400 fry were distributed to

fry to the Freshwater Fish Research Centre

(PPIAT), in Batu Berendam and 163,000 were released in waters off

Batu Uban, Glugor, Sg. Kuala Muda and pulau Jerejak, under the

coastal/inland fisheries restocking programme.

The fry production would have been higher if not for 2

consignments of I-day old larvae which were almost totally wiped

out due to disease, and one consignment which experienced more

tnan 80% mortality because of stress during transport.

Plans were being made to improve the quality of the seawater

supply to the research hatchery, including the installation of a

14

suitable ultraviolet irradiation unit. These improvements are

expected to result in higher and more consistent larviculture

yields in the near future.

3.1.2 Broodstock maturation and spawning of ~ine~hel~s Spa

Broodstock maturation of grouper (Epinephelus spp.) was

carried out in relatively small and shallow, 16-tonne concrete

tanks using fish obtained from Pulau Langkawi. There were howev­

er no natural spawnings in the holding tanks. Induced spawning

of the fish was also not successful and further research would

be r~rried out in 1990. It is likely that deeper tanks of a

minimum of 2 m are required for grouper spawning in captivity.

3.1.3 Culture of live food organisms

Pure cultures of various algal species, including Chlorella

virginica, Tetraselmis ghui, chaetoceros calcitrans and

Isochrysis galbana were maintained and routinely produced for the

production of rotifers and as food organisms for the larval

stages of mollusk. Rotifers were used as food organisms for the

larval stages of the giant sea perch. Seedstocks of these algal

species and rotifers were supplied to private hatcheries and

universities on request as a supporting service to the aquacul­

tUre industry.

15

3.1.4 Cockle Transplantation

Ten new sites were identified as suitable for cockle

transplantation during the year. These ar~as include Selat Tuba

and Selat Bagan Nyior in Pulau Langkawi, K:dah; Sg. Semilang, Sg.

Chenaam and Bukit Tambun in Penang; Lekir.n Perak; Kuala Selan­

gor in Selangor: Sg. Kelichap in Johor; Kuala Salak in Sarawak

and Kg. Bebuloh Laut in Labuan.

However out of the 10 sites identi. ied, cockle seeds were

transplanted to only 2 sites viz. the Sg. Kelichap area in Johor

and Kuala Salak area .in Sarawak, as a re:;ult of the shortage of

seeds throughout the greater part of 1989. About 5000 tins of

spat were sown in an area of about 100 he;tares at Sg. Kelichap,

and about 540 tins were sown in K. SalaL.

The project at Sg. KeJichap encountered serious predation

from cockle drills (Thais sp. and Nati~:g sp.) resulting in mass

mortality. The reseeding project in Kuala Salak was implemented

3uccessfully with the participation of the Persatuan Nelayan.

:"onitoring of growth, maturity and mortality were carried out on

(t regula.r basis.

Monitoring of sites reseeded in 1988 showed that in the Sg.

Semilang area cockles attained an average length of 31.8 mm after

a culture period of 13 months from an initial mean length of 26.4

mm. In the Selat Bagan Nyior area the cockles took about 16

months to reach 31.8 mm from an initial mean length of 19.3 mm

while in Sg. Balang, the cockles took about 10 months to reach

the minimum legal size from an initial mean size of 10.8 mm.

16

Growth of cockles was rapid up to about 25-27 mm after which the

growth rate declined. This could be related to the onset of

spawning activity soon after attaining a mean size of 25 mID. The

condition indices study indicated that the cockles reached peak

spawning condition after attaining a mean size between 25-30 mm.

3.1.5 Mussel Transplantation

Transplantation of a total of 10,380 strings of mussels were

carried out in 8 states: Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Kelan­

tan, Trengganu, Sarawak and the Federal Territory of Labuan. A

total of 28 sites were involved, including 13 new sites.

Good growth of mussels was recorded in Penang, Kedah, Perak

and Selangor. New spat collection sites were identified in Kuala

Sebatu, Melaka, Telaga Nenas and Kg. Bahru in Kedah. In the Sg.

Muar, Sg. Rekoh and Pasir Puteh areas, 50-250 spats/string of net

collectors were obtained.

Based on experience gained from the transplantation study,

the optimum number of strings of mussels that can be carried by

a 3-tonne lorry was about 400.

3.1.6 Oyster culture and transplantation

Experimental spat collection, transplantation and culture of

various species of oyster were initiated in various parts of the

country with financial and technical assistance from the Bay of

17

Bengal Fisheries Development Programme.

Spat collection was attempted in quite some locations

throughout the country known to have oyster spat. However only in

Merchang and Kuala Setiu, Terengganu; Batu Lintang in Kedah and

Telaga Nenas in Perak were good spat collection obtained. Sungai

Muar, long known to be a culture site with natural spat, was

found to be poor in spat probably as a result of over exploita­

tion and environmental deterioration. Spat collection in Batu

Maung and Pulau Jerejak were unsuccessful as a result of heavy

biofouling.

Oyster shells and netlon were found ,to be the most suitable

cultch for spat collection especially for ~. belcheri and~.

iredalei. For Ostrea foliulli! net panels made out of cod-end

polyethylene materials were found to be most suitable. Both

floating rafts and long-lines could be utilized for hanging the

spat collectors.

ostrea folium spat collected on net panels were left to grow

to marketable size. ~. bel cheri and~. iredalei collected on

netlon tubes were removed from the collectors and cultured in

nursery bags or trays until they reached a mean size of about 3

cm after which they were transferred to grow-out trays suspended

from rafts on long-lines. Tray culture using trays suspended

from rafts or long-lines was by far the most successful method.

Transplantation to many sites was attempted. These include

Kg Kelibang, Tanjung Rhu, Teluk Yu and Pulau singa in Pulau

18

Langkawi; Batu Lintang in Kedah mainland; Batu Maung and Pulau

Jerejak in Penang; Telaga Nenas and Teluk Gedung in Peraki sungai

Muar in Johor and Sungai Linggi in Melaka. Only transplanted

oyster in Batu Lintang and Telaga Nenas grew well. In Kg. Keli­

bang the transplanted spat suffered heavy mortality due to preda-

tion by Thai§ sp. and fouling caused by barnacles and

The growth of the transplanted spat was slow

Gedung.

3.1.7 Fish Disease

study of disease outbreak in paddy field fishes, a

bryozoans.

in Teluk

project

undertaken jointly with NACA, indicated that there was no appar­

ent relationship between the use of pesticides and the occurrence

of fish disease. The study included monitoring of water quality

in the paddy fields, observation of fish health, and use of

pesticides and fertilizers. AerOmOnQ2 hydrophila was isolated

from the diseased fish.

The use of prophylactic and anaesthesia

transportation and their effects on survival of fish

studied. Prophylactic used included furazolidone,

during

fry were

formalin,

oxytetracycline and furanex, and the anaesthesia used was

quinoldine. Results indicated that the use of prophylactic and

anaesthesia during fish transportation increased survival rate.

The frequency of disease occurrence and the types of fish

pathogens in fish cultured in cages in Kuala Gula and Kuala

19

Kurau, Perak were studied. Fish diseases most commonly encoun­

tered in the kerapu include vibriosis and parasitic infesta­

tion. The prevalence of these pathogens could be due to the poor

water quality.

The cause for the mass mortality of siakap in cage culture

system fry which occurred since 1987 remained unknown. The mass

mortality during these 3 years occurred during the end of the

year till the beginning of the next year, and could be linked to

the parasitic infestation by flukes or to algal bloom. Small

fish fry were found to be more susceptible to the infestation.

3.1.8 Seaweed Culture

Spore setting of Polycavernosa changii was carried out on

raffia strings which were used as substratum for the settling of

spores. The raffia strings were wound around wooden or PVC pipe

frames which rested on tank bottoms. Cystocarpic or tetrasporic

thalli were then suspended in plastic nets placed about 20 cm

above the raffia strings. No aeration was provided in the tanks,

and the tanks were covered to exclude light for periods ranging

from 4-6 days. After that the seeded raffia strings were trans­

ferred to the field for planting. The seeded raffia strings were

tied to poles planted 10 m apart. Monitoring was done weekly.

Many of the raffia strings seeded with spores were broken. The

strings

fusely

were colonized by a seaweed, Ulva sp., which

during the months from october to February.

polycavernosa was slow.

20

grew pro­

Growth of

Culture of Caulerpa sp. was initiated in Belanga Pecah in

Pulau Langkawi. Experimental cultures were carried out on

transact lines and quadrats. Caulerpa was found to grow

profusely in Belanga Pecah during the dry season lasting from

January to April. Growth was negligible during the rainy months

probably as a result of the low salinity.

Simple extraction of agar from dried samples of £. changii

was attempted. By boiling the sample with a mixture of sodium

hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite, followed by subsequent filtra­

tion and cooling, 30 g of agar could be obtained from 100 g of

the dry sample. The procpdure is simple enough to be adopted

by small-scale fishermen. Future effort will aim to improve the

extraction efficiency of the agar processing method used.

3.1.9 Coastal finfish hatchery operations in Tanjung Demong

a) Kerapu fry survey in Kuala setiu, Terengganu

The coastal waters off Kuala setiu were surveyed for kerapu

fry using drag nets. Kerapu fry are generally found in muddy

areas with sea grass. sites that have the greatest abundance of

kerapu had water salinity around 15 ppt, and fish size ranged

from 2.5 - 17 cm. Species that were caught include Epinephelus

malabaricus, ~. tauvina, and ~. suillus.

21

b) Larviculture of kerapu

Several attempts on the induced spawning of kerapu were

started during the year but so far only low hatching rates have

been obtained. The limited success was probably due to poor egg

quality and/or insufficient sperms from the males. There is a

need to increase the number of broodstock for future work.

Larviculture of of the small number of kerapu hatchlings

obtained has also not been very successful so far, with

mortality encountered within the first week of culture. So

only 1 larva survived more than 40 days. Further work

progress.

heavy

far

is in

c) Improvement in hatchery technology for Siakap larviculture

Mass production of siakap fry was carried out in 150 ton­

tanks with a stocking density of 20 - 30 larvae/l of water.

was carried out in these tanks up to a period of 14-25 Rearing

days.

10-30

Preliminary studies indicated that an average survival of

% could be obtained. The relatively low survival could be

to insufficient feeding. The number of tanks for rotifer due

production need to be increased in future to cater for the mass

rearing of both kerapu and siakap larvae.

22

B. NATIONAL PRAWN FRY PRODUCTION & RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAR

3.1.10 CULTURE OF LIVE FOOD ORGANISMS

The culture technology of various species of phytoplankton,

such as Isochrysis SPOt Chaetoceros sp., Tetraselmis sp. and

Skeletonema sp. in the pure form in weather controlled room, with

artificial illumination, is well established. Such culture is

ideal for a small hatchery and is adopted by the intensive

culture unit in the old hatchery. In the new hatchery, produc-

tion from the algal room is inadequate to meet the demand for the

large scale larviculture. The pure culture from the algal room is

instead used as seed stock for large scale culture carried out

under transparent roof sheets. In large cement culture tank, (5

ton) a cell density of 0.5 to 0.7 million per ml of water is

achievable after 3 days of culture. This is considerably less

than the level obtained in the small scale culture carried out in

the algal room. The drop in cell density is however more than

compensated by the greater volume of the culture. The repeated

transfer from one tank to another for scaling up also resulted in

greater contamination. This is to a certain extent reduced by the

use of fine filters and the chemical, Halamide. The significant

improvement in the larviculture achieved in 1989 was to a certain

extent a result of better supply of algae as early larval feeds.

3.1.11 MATURATION OF Penaeus monodon

Most of the nauplii used for the culture operation in the

23

Centre are obtained through induced spawning of non-gravid fe­

males. Generally more than half (averaging 70 %) of the eyestalk

ablated (ESA) females would respond to the treatment and spawn,

with spawning frequency ranging from 1 to 5. The average number

of spawning is 2.5 times. An ablated female might produce slight­

ly over 1.2 million eggs over a period of a month or so. Hatching

rate ranged from 30 to 65 %. As the non gravid females are found

in much greater abundance, the supply of spawners is never a

problem to the Centre.

All wild spawners were obtained either from the northern

parts of the Malacca straits or waters off Terenggan~ in the east

coast.

There was some limited success in the induced spawning of

pond grown females obtained from the Ban Merbuk SUbstation.

However the response from such broodstock was usually less satis­

factory with an average response rate of about 20 %. The hatching

rate was also low averaging only around 10 %.

3.1.12 PRODUCTION OF POND GROWN BROODSTOCK OF ~ monodon

To ensure a regular flow of pond grown broodstock for

induced spawning research, the ponds in the Ban Merbuk SUbstation

are used for the culture and maintenance of of such broodstock.

Initially the culture was more or less similar to commercial

shrimp farming operation carried out at low stocking density (5 -

10 pc/m2) to encourage faster growth. After 4 months of culture,

the ponds were cleared and fast growers, 5 - 10 % of the total

24

population, were chosen as broodstock and tranferred to a newly

prepared pond for continuing culture at very low stocking density

(less than 11m2). There is a need to change pond every 4 months

or so to reduce mortality as a result of build-up of organic load

at the pond bottom. The culture needs to be carried out for a

minimal period of 1 year, preferably for 18 months or so before

the shrimps reached a size of over 110 g which was considered

suitable for induced spawning purpose.

3.1.13 LARVICULTURE OF MARINE SHRIMP

Production cum research on larviculture of marine shrimps,

mostly the giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon and the banana

shrimp, E. merguiensis were carried out in two separate hatcher­

ies. In the phase two hatchery, intensive culture system was

adopted. Altogether 72 successful cultures were carried out in

this hatchery, producing slightly over 12 million postlarvae. A

survival rate of 60 % was achieved among the successful culture

with an average production of 84 post larvae per litre of tank

capacity. The cultures were mostly dependent on live food organ­

isms, though towards the later part of the year, formulated feeds

were introduced. In the new semi-intensive hatchery, the supply

of microalgae is generally supplemented with formulated feed.

Altogehter 372 successful cultures were carried out with survival

rates of about 45 % for the tiger shrimp and 69 % for the banana

shrimp.

The monthly production of marine shrimp fry by both systems

25

is presented in the table below

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

July

Aug

sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tiger Shrimp

2,165,000

9,665,000

13,556,000

7,470,100

2,582,000

16,326,000

10,171,600

4·,362,000

4,488,000

10,915,000

8,646,000

2,125,000

Banana Shrimp

780,000

3,570,000

5,749,000

5,347,000

4,132,000

4,222,000

2,700,000

2,570,000

3,105,000

425,000

Total

2,945,000

13,235,000

19,305,000

12,817,100

6,714,000

20,548,000

10,171,600

7,062,000

7,058,000

14,020,000

9,071,000

2,125,000 ---------------------------------------------------------Total 92,471,700 32,600,000 125,071,700 ============================~============================

3.1.14 LARVICULTURE OF THE GIANT MALAYSIAN PRAWN

The concerted research effort in production technology has

resulted in better and more efficient production systems. Various

technical constraints in fry production technology were also

overcome. Against an annual production target of 5 million, a

total of 8.9 million fry were produced during the year 1989.

Three culture systems are adopted in the Centre. These

include the intensive culture system using recirculated water

26

after purification through mechanical and biological filters.

with a stocking density of about 125 larvae per litre of tank

volume, a production figure of 49 juveniles per litre was

achieved. Annual production from the system amounted to 2.54

million juveniles.

The semi-intensive culture system on the other hand

maintains water quality through regular change of water. with a

stocking density of about 45 larvae per litre of tank volume, a

survival rate of 50 % is achievable for the larviculture cycle.

Production for the system amounted to 5.64 million for the year.

The extensive or the green water system minimizes water

change, but depends on the growth of phytoplankton to remove

toxic metabolites. The technique is relatively simple, requiring

only very basic facilities and a much lower level of technical

skills. A production of 14 juveniles per litre of tank volume

could be achieved. Though the system is the least productive of

all, it is the most cost effective. A total of 727,000 juveniles

were produced for the year, mostly by trainees of the Centre.

3.1.15 NURSERY MANAGEMENT AND FRY TRANSPORTATION

The larviculture of marine shrimp ends at Postlarvae 2 or 3,

after which they are counted and transferred to the nursery

section for rearing to up to PL 15 - 25 or even bigger before

being transported out either to farms or released into coastal

waters. Survival rate of about 50 % is achieved.

27

The juveniles of the Malaysian prawn do not require much

nursery care. Fry however need to be kept in holding tanks for a

considerable length of time before distribution leading tounnec-

essary mortality. Factors leading to the holding of fry include

poor synchronization of supply and demand, small orders and wide

geographical areas to be covered.

The distribution of shimp / prawn fry is given in the table

below :

Malaysian Tiger Banana

Prawn Shrimp Shrimp

Farmers 560,000 4,324,200 (Sales)

Farmers 256,900 2,206,700 (Free)

Open water 3,719,500 19,048,800 24,190,800 release

Others 1,091,000 4,919,800 1,258,000

Total 5,627,400 30,499,500 25,448,800 ===========================================================

For long distance delivery of fry, tranportation by air has

considerably cut down travelling time and significantly improved

survival rate.

3.1.16 OPEN WATER STOCKING OF SHRIMP AND PRAWN FRY

Besides catering for the need of fry for research and small

operators for their first culture operation, the majority of the

28

fry produced were released into coastal waters for the marine

shrimps and riverine systems for the Malaysian prawn under the

open water stocking programme of the Department. Altogether 3.72

million Malaysian prawn fry, 19.1 million giant tiger shrimp and

24.2 million banana shrimp fry were released.

The effectiveness of the release for the Malaysian prawn was

reflected by the reported increased landings in several areas.

Prawns are also caught in areas where there were previously no

such fisheries. For the marine shrimps, monitoring is much more

difficult and the effectiveness not so easy to assess in the

short term.

3.1.17 FEED FORMULATION AND TESTING

with the successful formulation of a suitable larval feed

for the giant Malaysian prawn larvae based on local ingredients,

the importation of the foreign larval feed for this prawn was

rendered unnecessary.

For marine shrimp larvae, greater effort was spent on

testing the effectiveness of commercial feeds especially those

meant for zoea stage of the shrimp. Unfortunately results of

feed trials have been not consistent as a result of other

interfering factors, such as the quality of the nauplii, algal

density in the water and disease infestation.

Nevertheless some formulated feeds have on various occasions

proved to be good as either partial or even total replacement for

29

algae. These include Frippack, Frippack in combination with ESP,

ZM, ZM with Topal, Higashimaru, BP t AS, Shrimp gen, Yeaster, BMC,

MS-IOO and President HP.

Several postlarval feeds for marine shrimp prepared by the

Centre are of acceptable quality with survival (PL 5 to PI 25) of

80 to 90 % recorded. The use of steam in the pelleting process,

either with an extruder or a pelle'tizer, was observed to greatly

increase the water stability of the feed.

3.1.18 PATHOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY STUDIES

Disease infection is one of the major factors

high mortality and complete failure in larviculture

shrimp. Altogether about 30 % of the culture were

following serious disease infestation.

leading to

of marine

discarded

Use of chemicals/antibiotics helps to reduce the level of

desease causative agents but does not completely eliminate them.

Prolonged use of any specific antibiotic however may lead to

development of resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. This

could be to a certain extent prevented by the use of several

antibiotics in rotation and finally the regular imposition of

breakcycle.

Antibiotics routinely applied include oxytetracyclin, furaz­

olidone, chloramphenicol, and daimethon sodium. Other chemicals

used are formalin and trifuralin. Trifuralin has been observed to

30

be very effective in controlling fungal disease.

Surface fouling by filamentous bacteria (Leucothrix sp.) and

ciliate infestation (Zoothamium sp. and vorticella sp.), were

effectively controlled by the use of fine filters (cartridge and

cotton bag filters).

For the freshwater prawn, disease problem was compounded by

the inadequate supply of freshwater. Chemotherapy include the

use of formalin for ciliate control and chloramphenicol as bacte­

ricide.

3.1.20 TRAINING PROGRAMME OF THE CENTRE

The provision of training in the area of

aquaculture is a major function of the Centre.

programme is carried out in cooperation with the

Training Branch of the Department.

brackishwater

The training

Extension and

Besides the regular training courses, the Centre also

provides attachment training, especially for hatchery operators,

who are interested in upgrading their technical skills in specif­

ic areas of the hatchery operation. In this respect the mainte­

nance and culture of microalgae is most popular, as the lack of

live algal food is the problem most commonly encountered by the

hatchery operators.

31

Two international training courses, one on marine shrimp

hatchery and another on brackishwater aquaculture, were conducted

during 1989.

The courses offered, the number of session and the total

number of trainees are given in the table below :

Courses No. of

sessions

1. Brackishwater Pond Culture 9

2. Cage Culture 4

3. Mussel Culture 4

4. Marine Shrimp Hatchery Operation 5

5. Freshwater Prawn Hatchery operation 2

6. Brackiskwater Farm Management 1

7. Attachemnt training, university students and others

Total

No. of

Trainees

171

75

71

42

4

11

91

465 =============================================~==================

All the training courses were provided free of charge. The

training and hostel facilities of the Centre are occasionally

used by other sections / branches of the Department to conduct

training in areas other than aquaculture.

32

C. BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE RESEARCH CENTRE, JOHOR

3.1.21 Shrimp culture

In pond culture of marine shrimp, past experiences indicated

the banana shrimp (Penaeus me~guien~is) was more difficult to

culture. The banana shrimp was sensitive to salinity changes,

more likely to suffer from stress as a result of high stocking

density and also handling. A series of experiment was conducted

to determine the optimal size of the postlarvae for stocking

purpose in pond culture. Postlarvae of various sizes ~ere stocked

in ponds at 10 and 201m2, The growth and survival of the shrimp

were monitored over a period of 3 months. It was observed the

bigger postlarvae (PL20) recorded better performance.

3.1.22 Culture of finfish

The pond culture of Lates calcarifer had been attempted in

the past. Stocking density of 31m2 was established as optimal.

The study carried in 1989 attempted to determine whether smaller

fish could be introduced into pond for culture purpose without

affecting yield. Results of the trials indicated that fry smaller

than 5.0 cm were not suitable for pond culture. The use of 5.0 cm

fry however could considerably reduce the production cost without

affecting the final yield of the operation. However as a result

of the high production cost and low survival, pond culture of sea

bass is still not yet economically viable. In this respect more

works need to be done to further reduce feed cost which consti-

33

tutes more than half of the production cost.

Besides Lates the culture of red Tilapia in brackishwater

pond after acclimatization was also attempted. It was observed

that the freshwater red Tilapia could be acclimatized to a salin­

ity of up to 28 ppt with a survival rate of 85 % if the process

was carried out slowly with salinity increase of 2 ppt per day.

The acclimatized red Tilapia were introduced into brackishwater

ponds at a stocking density of 12 pc/m2 and fed with formulated

feed. The fish attained an averaged size of 403 gm over a period

of 8 months with a survival rate of 62 % .. The yield worked out

to be 16 tonnes/ha. Such preliminary result obviously indicated

considerable potential in the culture of red Tilapia in brackish­

water ponds. Further trials would be conducted to examine the

economical profitability and also to consider red Tilapia as an

alternate species for brackishwater pond culture.

3.1.23 FEED FORMULATION

The Centre had in the past successfully formulated grow-out

feed for the intensive culture of Penaeus monodon. In an attempt

to formulate suitable feed for nursery purpose

tank trials were carried out for 6 different

(starter feed),

types of feed

formulated by the Centre. The best feed was then compared to

various commercial starter feeds. Based on the growth of the

young fry fed the various feeds, it was observed that the

Centre's feed was comparable or even better than some of the

commercial feeds. It was however still inferior compared to Tung

Pao and Gold Coin Starter. Further works need to be done to

34

improve its quality and also to reduce its cost of production.

The effectiveness of virginiamycin as a growth promoter in

sea bass feed was tested by incorporating various concentrations

of the growth promoter in the feed. The trial was carried in

ponds for 6 weeks with growth measurement taken at weekly

intervals. At the end of the experiment it was observed that

concentrations ranging from 40 to 200 ppm were all effective in

promoting growth to some extent. The best growth was however

achieved at the concentration of 80 ppm.

3.1.24 water and pond chemistry

Sungai Gelang Patah is the source of water for the operation

of the Centre. Its deteriorating water quality especially in the

upper reaches is hence a cause for concern. Monitoring surveys

carried out regularly identified discharges of piggery wastes

upstream and sewage from the Gelang Patah frown to be major

sources of pollution. The increasing organic load could be

evidenced by the lower dissolved oxygen levels (with many

readings below 2.5 ppm), high BOD readings (above 5.0 ppm) and

elevated ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations (above 2.0 ppm) in

the waters throughout the year. water at the intake point of the

Centre was however of acceptable quality during high tides. Hence

the culture operation has not been seriously affected. In order

to ensure the water quality of the river would not continue to

deteriorate to unacceptable level, various relevant government

agencies in the state have been contacted to assist in pollution

control.

35

Regular monitoring on the water and sediment chemistry of

the culture ponds were also carried out in an attempt to corre­

late such parameters to yields, leading to the establishment of

optimal water quality and sediment parameters. Generally it was

observed that both salinity and pH of the water were quite stable

and did not undergo drastic changes except in the event of a

heavy downpour. Dissolved oxygen levels however needed to be

monitored closely especially towards the later part of the cul­

ture. The increasing biomass in the pond, hence the higher rate

of whole pond respiration and also greater oxygen demand by the

bottom sediment might necessitate the use of greater number of

paddlewheels. The sediment oxygen demand in prawn ponds was found

to range from 0.1 to 0.3 g 02/m 2jh . The ammonia-N levels ranged

from 0.03 to 0.37 mg/I. Besides t.he use of paddlewheels, regular

water exchange was needed to maintain optimal water quality.

3.1.25 Disease studies

A number of common diseases for culture fish and prawn were

identified. Among them were attacks by Epistylis, piscicola sp.,

Lernanthropus sp., fin-rot and red boils. The use of Dipterex at

1.0 ppm was effective in controlling "pacat pacat", while fin-rot

and red boils in fish could be treated with acriflavin at 10 ppm.

The possibility of treating diseased fish in cage culture sites

would be examined in future.

36

3.1.26 Aquaculture engi.neering

The productivity of 3 types of ponds, viz. a levee pond, a

dug-out pond, and a dug-out pond with plastic lining on the inner

side of the bund, were compared. At a stocking density of 20

pc/m2 and a culture period of 3 months, the levee pond yielded

2.5 tonnes of prawn/ha; the dug-out pond a figure of 1.2

tonnes/ha; the dug-out pond with plastic lining produced 1.8

tonnes/ha. The acid sulphate problems were most serious in the

bunds of the dug-out pond. The result further confirmed the

advantage of the levee ponds.

In another trial, the effectiveness of water exchange by

pumping and by tidal flov1 vIera compared. Monitoring on parameters

such as growth, survival rate and yield indicated that there was

no significant difference on the productivity of the ponds. It is

likely that the method of water exchange is not a critical factor

by itself. The volume and frequency of water exchange are more

likely to be to affect yield. The fact that levee ponds (which

require pumping), are usually more productive as a result of less

acid sulphate problems may give the impression that water

exchange by pumping by itself could increase yield.

37

D. FRESHWATER FISHERIES RESEARCH CENTRE, MELAKA

3.1.27 Breeding of Indigenous Fishes

Two Temoleh (Probarbus jullieni) were successfully

ovulated with the use of carp pituitary extracts (CPE) and

human chorionic gonadotropin (RCG). Though fertilization and

incubation of the eggs were effected fairly satisfactorily,

mortality was high during the larviculture. Only 28 fry survived

the nursery stage.

Induced breeding trials on Sebarau (Hampala macrolepidota)

were conducted with the use of carp pituitary hormones. A breed­

i,ng trial involving 30 female fish produced a total of 53,380

fry. The successful breeding of the two indigenous riverine

fishes for the first time could be considered a breakthrough.

The project was also engaged in developing suitable

techniques for large-scale production of fish fry of Lampam Jawa

(Puntius gonionotus) and Jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii). The

production during'the year amounted to 585,870 Lampam fry and

106,850 Jelawat fry.

3.1.28 Breeding of Exotic Fishes

Four trials on the induced breeding of Grass Carp (Ctenopha­

ryngodon idellus) were carried out engaging 7 mature female

breeders with the use of HCG and CPE. Complete spawning was

achieved in 2 females, and partial spawning observed in another

2 females. The fry produced from the above breeding trials

38

amounted to about 22,700 in number. The Grass Carp has not been

successfully bred in the country for some years. Success from

the above trials is therefore very encouraging.

The Pacu (Colossoma sp.) is a herbivore which originates

from South America. It has of recent become an important food

fish in South America and in Taiwan. FFRC was able to carry out

breeding trials on this fish, from a stock of 38 breeders,

acquired some time ago. Success in the breeding of this fish

was first achieved in July, 1989, when 3 females responded well

to hormone inducement (HCG and CPE). The fry produced from the

above trials amounted to 2.5, 000 in number.

The project also refined techniques for large-scale

fry production of several exotic fish species. The production

during the year amounted to 103 r 750 Big-Head fry, 187,650 Catla

fry and 357,400 Rohu fry_

3.1.29 Breeding of Catfishes

The ,experimental breeding of Ikan Keli Kayu and Ikan Baung

was carried out during the year, besides developing techniques

for large-scale production of fry of Ikan Keli Bunga and Ikan

Patin.

Greater level of breeding success for Keli Kayu (Clarias

batrachus) was achieved by the use of the hormone HCG.

The induced breeding of Baung (Mystus nemurus) was also

standardised, with the use of the hormones HCG and CPE. Further ..

39

studies were continued on the use of the hormone LHRH-a, pimozide

and reserpine to induce ovulation in the female breeders.

The project was able to produce 343,689 fry of Keli Bunga

(Clarias macrocephalus) and 180,818 fry of Patin (Pangasius

sutch~) .

3.1.30 Genetics and Breeding of Tilapia

The genetic selection by colour involved the careful

selection of breeders which were wholly red in colour, with

little or no black spots on the body. After repeated selection

over a number of generation, it has been possible to produce fry,

98-100% of which were completely red. The red coloration is

desirable as the red fish fetch a higher price.

Observations on the morphology and growth of the fish were

also conducted. It is expected the selection of breeders with

desired morphological feature and fast growth may result in

production of super growers having reduced head, increased

girth.

the

body

of

Sex reversal of the Red Tilapia was achieved

fry to methyl testosterone. Survival rates of

by the exposure

the sexually

reversed fry ranged from 94 to 100% in concrete tanks with recir­

culated water system.

In cross-breeding attempt, it was observed that the cross

between the male Siamese Tilapia and the female Nile Tilapia

resulted in the production of fry, 100% of which were red. A

40

reciprocal cross, however resulted in the production of fry that

were a mixture of red and grey.

A total of 484,435 fry of Red Tilapia and 10,000 fry of

Grey Tilapia were produced for distribution during the year.

3.1.31 Breeding and Culture of Ornamental Fishes

In 1989 F.F.R.C. built up a collection of ornamental fishes,

of about 24 species for breeding purpose. Stocks of the Kelisa

(Scleropages fO:rJl1o.§us), the Discus (Symphysodon spp.), the Clown

Loach (Botiq macracantha) and the Red Kalui (Osphronemus goramy)

are being sought to increase the collection.

Among the aquarium fish, breeding technology has been

established on 9 species. They include the Glow-Light Tetra, the

Neon Tetra, the Black Neon Tetra, the Tiger Barb (including the

"Emerald" and "Albino" varieties), the Koi Carp, the Jewel

Cichlid, the Blue Acara, the Siamese Fighting Fish and the

Snakeskin Guppy_

Some of the .ornamental fish are very sensitive to water

quality changes. It was found that the use of mineral water

produced a significantly higher rate (65-70%) of hatching of

fertilized eggs of the Tetras, compared to rain water (40-55%).

The survival rate of hatchlings and fry, which resulted from

incubation of eggs in mineral water, was also high.

In the case of the Harlequin, it is suspected that soft

waters with low pH may be needed for breeding purpose. The Sia­

mese Fighting Fish could be easily bred. However survival rate of

41

fry was very low. The absence of a suitable live-feed is suspect­

ed to be the cause.

3.1.32 Pond-culture of the Tilapia

In the mono-sex culture of Tilapia, males and females were

cultured in separate ponds. The males grew much bigger (463 gm)

compared to the females (362 gm) over a period of 5 months from

an initial size of about BOg. The stocking density of 125

fish/100m2 was adopted. The fish were given pellet feed con­

taining 32% crude protein, at the rate of 2% body weight. The

experiment yielded a production of 9.0 to 10.7 tonne/ha/yr.

3.1.33 Pond-culture of the Malaysian Prawn

The mono-culture of the Giant Malaysian Prawn (Udang Galah,

Macrobrachium rosenbergii) was attempted with several variations.

These included the stocking of bigger juveniles (greater than 5g

each); use of aerators and partial water change; regular applica­

tion of tea-seed cake; and staggered harvesting of the prawns.

The prawns were given pellet feed containing 32% crude protein,

at a rate of 2-5% of the total body-weight. After 6 months of

culture yields of 875 kg/ha and 1,624 kg/ha were obtained for

ponds with stocking density of 5 and 10 fry/m2 .

'however slightly high. This is probably due to the

stability of the feed used.

42

The FeR is

poor water

3.1.34 Culture of Live Foods for Fish Fry

This project has shown increasing importance in view of the

growing demand for live foods in fish hatchery and nursery prac­

tice. During 1989, FFRC experimented on the mass culture of

organisms such as Infusoria, Rotifera, Cladocera, Chironomid

larvae and Artemia nauplii. Early observations suggest the

following:

Infusoria could be grown in a culture medium of decaying

leafy vegetables. Rapid proliferation of these organisms

observed 10 days after inoculation.

were

Rotifers (Brachionus) were found to proliferate i~ "green

water" 5 days after inoculation; the "green water" was brought

about through fertilization with soybean flour and fish meal in

good sunlight. The culture of rotifers could be maintained

through daily change of the "green water".

Chironomid larvae were cultured on a continuous basis by

the use ,of soil containing high organic matter, such as fish

meal, soybean flour, etc. At FFRC cultures were conducted in

fibreglass troughs.

The Cladoceran, (Moina), could also be cultured in dense

quantities in cement troughs using soybean flour as fertilizer.

Cultures could also be maintained in small ponds, under

favourable weather conditions.

For the culture of Artemia in aquaria rice bran was found to

43

be more effective as a nutrient in the culture medium, compared

to wheat flour.

3.1.35 Fish Nutrition and Feed Additives

Rohu (Labeo ,;Lohit<l) fry were fed with feed containing varia­

ble amounts of protein at the rate of 6% of the bodyweight, for

a period of 10 weeks in tanks. The results suggest that 30%

protein in the feed could bring about maximum growth in the fry,

with a FeR of 4.42.

The addition of virginiamycin at 40, 80 and 100 ppm to the

feed of Tilapia fry, did not indicate any significant effect

on the growth of the Tilapia fry in tanks. This is unlike a

similar experiment carried out in 1988, but in ponds, the results

indicated improved growth of the Tilapia fry that were given feed

containing 40 ppm Virginiamycin.

Astaxanthin, a colour enhancer, was tested on the Red

Tilapia to determine if .it had positive effects. Observations

suggested that it enhanced the red coloration of the body. The

colouration was found to be stronger at higher concentrations of

the colour enhancer. Further trials would be carried out to

determine the optimum concentration to attain the desired co­

lour.

Observations were carried out on the prolonged holding of

broodstock of Lampam Jawa in ponds, as to the impact of static

water conditions in these ponds on the broodstock. Observations

44

indicate that gonad development was impeded with prolonged hold­

ing in the static ponds, especially beyond the 6-month period.

This is probably due to a progressive accumulation of metabolites

and wastes in the pond. To overcome this problem, it would be

necessary for the broodstock ponds to have at least a partial

water change on a regular basis.

3.1.36 Fish Disease - Diagnosis and Control

In disease study emphasis was placed on Myxosporean

infection of Lampam Jawa (Puntiu§ gonionotus), in connection with

the parasite Thellohanellus Spa .A survey of the FFRC's pond

complex for infection of fish by this parasite indicates that it

is host-specific infecting only the Lampam Jawa. The parasite

was found to attack the gills of the fish, bringing about

respiratory disturbances. Observations of fish fry suggest the

onset of infection to be on fry that are 2 weeks old and above.

In a nursery it was found that about 50-70% of the fish fry were

infected py this p~rasite. studies are underway to determine

source of infection.

Efforts to quarantine all fish fry produced by the Centre

before distribution were continued. This is to ensure that

farmers rer-eived fish fry that were free from parasitic

infection.

45

3.1.37 Fishery Development of Reservoirs

Limnological studies on the Tok Uban irrigation reservoir in

Kelantan continued in 1989. Data were collected in the months of

January, March and May_ It appears that water quality in the

reservoir has not changed significantly since 1988, except for a

slight increase in pH.

A study on the lake, Tasik Dayang Bunting, in Pulau Langkawi

was conducted from 15-17 June, 1989 with the objective to assess

its suitability for fishery development. The lake is about 23 ha

in area, with depths exceeding 15m. The water was found to have

high conductivity and alkalinity, suggesting seawater intrusion.

However the nutrient contents in the water were very low indi­

cating poor biological productivity. Further works need to be

carried out before any serious consideration for fishery devel­

opment could be considered.

In an effort "to replenish fish life in inland waters FFRC

released a total of 874,450 fry from 8 species of fish into 8

water bodies in the states of Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan and

Pahang.

3.1.38 Naticnal Agriculture Park, Shah Alam

studies on the 3 impoundments at the National Agriculture

Park (Taman Pertanian Negara) in Shah Alam continued in 1990.

46

The studies include water quality, fish replenishment and cage

culture.

Based on alkalinity readings the Danau Perikanan appears to

be the most productive biologically. It was decided that the

Danau be treated as a fish pond, and accordingly its waters were

regularly fertilized with triple super phosphate (15 kg/month)

and urea (30 kg/month) to improve its productivity.

The Secchi Disc transparency of water was minimal in

Empangan Air Kuning (37.6 cm) and this is largely due to a high

load of suspended solids in the water.

A total of 83,265 fish fry was released into the 3 water

bodies: 34,325 fry into Danau Perikanan, 8,140 into Empangan Air

Kuning and 40,900 into Empangan Sg. Baru. They comprised 8

species of fish, including 4 species of the major Chinese and

Indian Carps and 4 species of indigenous fish. Of the 3 water

bodies it has been observed that the Danau Perikanan is frequent­

ed by spor,ts anglers.

Cage culture in Empangan Sg. Baru was initiated in August,

1989 as a demonstration project. By the end of the year FFRC had

stocked the cages with 3 species of fish: Jelawat (5,725 fry);

Tilapia Merah (3,518 fry); and Patin (1,000 fry). The fish were

monitored monthly for growth. The fish were however subject to

frequent pilferage due in part to difficulty in providing proper

surveillance.

47

3.1.39 Water Quality in Aquaculture

The monitoring of water quality in sungai Melaka was carried

out twice a year. While water quality at the intake point of the

river and in the culture ponds was checked on a routine basis.

Based on results of the monitoring programme, especially the

value.s for parameters such as pH, DO, ammoniacal

and total suspended solids in water, it can be

that Sungai melaka is moderately polluted.

nitrogen, BOD

said generally

The river water had however on various occassions declined

to virtual 'anaerobic state especially during the drought months

of January to March. This accompanied by a rise in ammoniacal

nitrogen indicated serious organic pollution. The effluents from

a ryumber of agro-industries situated along the river, and

smvage discharge from a housing estate at Taman ME~rdeka in Batu

Berendam are believed to be the cause.

Pumping of water to the pond complex was usually

discontinued once the ammonia level at the intake point was above

3.0 mg/l to avoid contamination of the pond water. with such

precaution, water quality in the culture ponds was generally

satisfactory, with no record of adverse fluctuations that could

be detrimental to the fish or prawns in the ponds.

48

3.2 RESOURCE RESEARCH

A. RESOURCE SECTION, IFP GELUGOR.

3.2.1 Demersal fish resource survey in the coastal waters of the

west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

This survey, conducted with K.K. 'MERSUJI', was started on

early November, 1989. The frequent unavailability of sufficient

vessel crew resulted in numerous delays. It had to be terminated

finally on 25/1/90 without covering the whole survey area. A

total of 29 successful hauls were made in the shallow coastal

waters off Kedah and Perak.

The average catch rate obtained was 46.2 kg/hr, of which

27.4 kg (59%) were commercial fish, the balance being trash fish.

As in previous surveys, the survey area north of Pulau Pinang

was more productive than the southern portion. The main species

caught were the carangids, squids, mullids and Rastre~liger spp.

The average" catch rate obtained was lower than those from

previous surveys, indicating that the density of the demersal

fish resources has further declined, particularly in Zone B (5-12

nautical miles from shore) .

3.2.2 study on the diurnal variation in the catch of penaeid

prawns in the waters off Pantai Remis, Perak.

This study was successfully carried out with the use of a

local fishing boat from 10.6.89 to 4.7.89. A total of 60- hauls

49

were completed, with 30 hauls conducted during the night and the

other 30 carried out during the day.

The results showed that the total catch rate of penaeid

prawns was slightly higher in the day when compared to the catch

rate recorded at night. In the day a catch rate of 7.5 kg/hour

was recorded while at night 6.6 kg/hour was recorded. The

main prawn species caught during the day were Metapenaeus

affinis, Penaeus merguiensis, M. dobsoni and Parapeneopsis hard­

wickii. E. coromandelica was more abundant during the night

while ~ brevicornis did not show any difference in catch rates

in the day and night.

3.2.3 study on the catches of the 2-noat kenka nets from Kuala

Kurau.

This study was a continuation of the study that began in

1987. The catch ot the 2-boat kenka averaged about 118 kg per

trip. Apart from prawns, trash fish amounting to 33.9%

constituted a major component of the total catch. The stiare of

commercial fish and the mantid shrimp was insignificant (2%).

Among the prawn catches, it was observed that the small size

species made up most of the catches. Parapeneopsis hardwickii

was most abundant, making up 45% of the total amount of small

prawns caught. This was followed by Metapenaeus lysianassa and

E. coromandelica contributing 29.1% and 12.2% respectively.

In the category of medium-sized prawns, Metapenaeus affinis

was the most dominant (55%), followed by Parapeneopsis sculptilis

50

(24.8%) and M. brevicornis (17.5%). Nearly all the large

prawns caught were Penaeus merguiensis. Occasionally E. monodon

and E. semi sulcatus were also caught.

3.2.4 study on the carpet clam Paphia undulata, at sungai Batu

There are 10 boats licensed to catch the carpet clam with

bottom dredges in the coastal water off Sungai Batu, Kedah.

However only eight of these boats were reported to be operating.

It was estimated that each boat could harvest 2 tonnes of clams

per daily trip. Dredging operations are carried out by these

boats for about 6 hours per trip. The area of operation is

located in Zone B (5-12 nautical miles from shore), between Pulau

Payar and Pulau Langkawi.

3.2.5 Biological studies on selected pelagic fish species on the

west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Three species, namely Rastrelliger kanagurta,Atule mate and

Decapterus maruadsi were studied at Kuala Perlis, Perlis and

Teluk Bahang, Penang. The spawning season was determined through

the use of the gonadosomatic index (GSI).

The

cies of

values of the growth constant, K, for the various

fish studied, were determined to be between 0.84

spe­

and

1.41. These values are reasonable when compared to those of the

demersal fish.

From the mortality estimates (Z,M/F), the rate of

51

exploitation

was found to

implies that

exploited.

(E) was estimated. For all the species studied, E

be higher than the optimum value of 0.5. This

the pelagic species studied have been over-

Most of the species studied show two recruitment pulses in a

year. B. kanaqurta sampled from Teluk Bahang showed two spawning

peaks a year; one each in February and September. The spawning

peaks for btule mat~ from Teluk Bahang were observed in March and

September. Decapterus maruadsL however showed only one major

spawning peak in February.

Rastrelliger kanagurta sampled from Kuala Perlis showed one

spawning peak each in February and one in August. For the other

two species i.e. Atule mate and Decapterus maruadsi, the samples

were not sufficient to give meaningful results.

3.2.6 Monitoring of catches from cuttlefish traps (Bubu Sotong

Arus) from Kedah/Perlis.

The aim of this project was to study the effect of using

bubu satang to catch satang arus (Sepioteuthis) since it was

reported that a lot of cuttlefish eggs were seen attached to the

traps. Four fishing boats (2 from Kuala Jerlun and 2 from Kuala

Sungei Baru) and the research vessel K.K. KERAPU also

participated in this study. It was found that satang arus were

mostly caught between Kuala Kedah and pulau Bunting.

52

3.2.7 Chemotaxonomic study of fish/prawns/cephalopods.

In 1989, a series of trials were run using samples of some

pelagic fish on the new ":r.WLTIPHOR" electrophoresis system

purchased. The main aim was to run optimisation schedules using

various concentrations of the samples. The results indicated that

the optimum weight of sample tissue to be used for the

electrophoretic runs was 4gm.

3.2.8 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition

fish purse seine (pukat jerut ikan) boats.

The average catch per boat per month of the pukat jerut

ikan boats were recorded at several landing centres.

(a) Kuala Perlis.

The pukat jerut boats, averaging 40 GRT in size, from Kuala

Perlis, operating with tuas and spotlights interchangeably,

recorded the highest catches for the year when compared to other

landing sites monitored. The average catch per boat per month

ranged from 6.551 tonnes to 51.373 tonnes per boat per month.

The highest average catch per boat of 51.373 tonnes was recorded

in May 1989. Generally during the second quarter of 1989 catches

were good while the lowest catches were recorded in January and

December 1989.

53

(b) Kuala Redan.

At Kuala Kedah, the pukat jerut malam boats recorded average

monthly catches of between 7.616 tonnes per boat and 20.341

tonnes per boat per month.

(c) Te:J-uk ,Bahang, Penang.

The pukat jerut tuas boats (averaging 40 GRT) of Teluk

Bahang, Penang recorded low catches throughout 1989 except for

January and April. Most of the of tuas boats were fitted with

spot lights and they used the tuas and spot lights

interchangeably, hence making sampling very difficult. The

highest catch per boat of 32.538 tonnes was recorded in April

followed by 17.042 tonnes in January 1989, the average catch

recorded for the other months ranged from 0.161 tonnes to 8.641

tonnes. For the months of March, August, October and November no

fishing from the tuas was carried out.

Nearly all boats from Teluk Bahang used spot lights for

aggregating fish. The average catch per boat (using spot lights)

per month ranged from 4.111 tonnes in August to a high record of

53.936 tonnes in April 1989. Based on the catch rate recorded,

it is clear the spot lights are better aggregating devices

copmared to the tuas. spot lights however could only be used

when the sea was not rough. The average size of fish caught by

the pukat jerut 'lampu ' boats were generally larger than those

caught by the pukat jerut "tuas' boats.

54

(d) Pulau Pangkor, Perak.

At Pulau Pangkor, the pukat jerut malam boats (averaging 40

GRT) did not perform as well as those from Kuala Kedah. The

average catches per boat per month were rather consistent

throughout the year, and ranged from 1.502 tonnes to 10.738

tonnes.

The pukat jerut malam boats operating from Kuala Kedah,

Kedah and Pulau Pangkor, Perak landed mainly Rastrelliger and

tuna (mainly Euthynnus and Auxis). Those from Kuala Perlis,

Perlis and Teluk Bahang, Penang landed mainly roundscads

(Decapterus), Indian mackerels (Rastrelliger) and selar scads

(Atu1e mate), while the pukat jerut tuas boats landed mainly

roundscads and Indian mackerels.

3.2.9 Monitoring and analysis of the landings and catch

composition of anchovy purse seine boats.

(a)Pulau Pangkor, Perak.

The average catch per boat per month of the pukat jerut

bilis boats, averaging 40 GRT, operating from Pulau Pangkor was

generally lower than those from Kedah.

The maximum catch for 1989 was in May when 14.146 tonnes per

boat per month was achieved, followed by a second peak of 11.563

tonnes per boat per month in July. From then on, the average

catch per boat declined to the lowest average catch of ·1.497

55

tonnes recorded for the year.

(b)Tanjung Dawai/Sungei Batu, Kedah.

The pukat jerut bilis boats from Tanjung Dawaijsungai Batu

performed better possibly because of the presence of larger

fishing grounds off the coast of Kedah. The average monthly

catch per boat ranged from 4.938 to 16.781 tonnes. Catches were

very good during the first four months of 1989 but declined

slightly after that.

stolephorus spp. contributed to more than 83% of the total

catch of the bilis boats. The dominant species was

" Stolephorus heterolobus, followed by Stolephorus buccaneeri and

the Stolephorus andhraensis/S. bataviaensis group. other species

of fish caught were mainly small-sized Rastrelli~, Sardinella

and leiognathids. The catch composition was not different from

that observed for the past years.

3.2.10 study on the resource and biology of tuna.

Two field visits were made to Kuala Terengganu and

Chendering, Terengganu in April and September 1989 to observe the

tuna landings at these centres. In April 1989, there appeared to

be a larger proportion of small-sized tuna Thunnus t9nggol and

Euthynnus affinis that were landed by the troll liners. The

purse seiners that targeted mainly for small pelagics were also

observed to land some small-sized tuna mainly ~uthynnus affinis.

The catch composition however consisted of more Euthynnus affinis

56

than Thunnus tonggol. During the September visit, the fish were

also observed to be small and there were mainly Euthynnus affinis

seen in the landings. Length frequency distribution data of tuna

by species were collected and sent to IPTP for analysis.

The catch composition remained the same as for previous years

with Thunnus tonggol being the main species landed followed by

Euthynnus affinis and Auxis ~hazard. The main fishing gear

employed is still the troll line. Purse seiners fishing for

small pelagics do land some small-sized tuna.

3.2.11 Monitoring and analysis of the commercial trawl landings

and catch composition from selected landing centres on the

west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

i) Fish Trawlers

(a) Zone ~ boats

~one B trawlers were monitored at four major landing

sites namely Kuala Kedah, Kedah; Batu Maung, Penang; Pulau

Pangkor, Perak and Sungei Besar, Selangor. The monthly average

catch per trip recorded for Kuala Kedah, Batu Maung and sungei

Besar were seen to be generally higher during the first half of

1989 when compared to the second half. For Sungei Besar,

however, a second peak in term of catches was recorded in

October. The Pulau Pangkor Zone B trawlers showed slightly higher

catch rates during the second half of 1989 with the exception of

57

February during which the highest catch rate for the year was

observed.

For the Kuala Kedah boats the monthly average catch per trip

ranged from 272.33 kg to 1111.13 kg. The boats operating from

Batu Maung gave an average catch per trip ranging from 135.10-

1983.13 kg while those based at Pulau Pangkor achieved between

365.66 and 1386.16 kg per trip. The average catch per trip for

the Sungei Besar Zone B trawlers ranged from 247.13 - 2908.45 kg.

It can be said that the Pulau Pangkor and Sungei Besar Zone B

trawlers performed better than those from Kuala Kedah and Batu

Maung.

The catch composition of the Zone B trawlers monitored

showed that the commercial fish landed constituted between 40%

to 60% of the total catch by weight. The rest were trash fish.

The major groups of demersal commercial fish caught were the

sciaenids (Johnius, otolithes, Sciaena, Pseudosciaena), carangids

(Carangoides, Caranx) and nemipterids (Nemipterus). However a

larger proport.ion· of the total commercial fish landings were

observed to be pelagic species, mainly scombrids (Rastrelliger),

pomfrets (Pampus, Formio) and threadfins (Eleutheronema). These

pelagic species generally fetch a high market value. Squids,

mainly Loligo, together with some other cephalopods also form an

important component of the catch. The trash fish component was

made up of genuine trash species and the immature young of some

commercial species.

58

(b) Zone Q boats.

Zone C trawlers were monitored only at Kuala Kedah,

Hutan Melintang, Perak and Sungei Besar, Selangor. The

catch per boat per trip was seen to be much higher for the

Melintang boats when compared to the rest. This could be

due to the use of larger fishing boats and hence longer

trips.

Kedahi

average

Hutan

mainly

fishing

The average catch per trip for Kuala Kedah boats ranged from

436 - 1745 kg and for Sungei Besar boats, between 305 and 3337

kg. The boats from Hutan Melintang recorded the highest catch per

trip of between 4146 and 11941 kg.

The major commercial fish caught by the Zone C trawlers were

not different from those caught by the Zone B boats but

preliminary analysis showed that the Zone C trawlers caught more

lutjanids (Lutjanus spp). The Zone C trawlers from Kuala Kedah

caught more pelagic ftsh (mainly Rastrellige:r: brachysoma) than

demersal fish. The Sungei Besar Zone C trawlers landed nearly

equal proportions of demersal and pelagic fish while the Hutan

Melintang boats caught more demersal than pelagic species.

Commercial fish contributed to approximately 40% to 60% of the

total catch, the rest being trash fish and young of certain

commercial fish.

59

ii) Prawn trawlers.

Prawn trawlers operating from Kuala Kedah, Kedah and Batu

Maung, Penang recorded higher catch rates than those from Pantai

Remis, Perak. For the Kuala Kedah boats, the average catch per

trip ranged from 259.50-634.42kg, while the boats from Batu Maung

yielded between 169.00 kg and 391.92 kg. The prawn trawlers

monitored at Pantai Remis showed rather consistent and low

monthly average catch rates, ranging from 5.33-93.14kg per trip,

throughout 1989.

The composition of the catch of the prawn trawlers monitored

showed that trash could contribute between 20% to 60% of the

catch. The total quantity of penaeid prawns landed remained at

less than 20% of the total catch for the Kuala Kedah and Batu

Maung boats. The rest of the catch was made up of demersal and

pelagic fish species and cephalopods. The major groups of prawns

landed at Kuala Kedah were Metapeneopsis stridulans, Penaeus

merguiensis, E. se~isulcatus and Trachypenaeus spp. Boats from

Batu Maung landed mainly Metapenaeus ensis.

From the monthly data collected, it could be seen that there

were some differences between the catch rates and the composition

of the Pantai Remis boats and the other prawn trawlers from Kuala

Kedah and Batu Maung. The Pantai Remis prawn trawlers seemed to

catch rather high percentages of prawns, while maintaining low

catch rates throughout the year. Prawns contributed to between

20% to 70% of the total monthly catch of these prawn trawl~rs,

60

the rest of the catch being made up of trash fish with little or

no other commercial fish. The major prawn species landed were

Metapenaeus affinis and the Parapeneopsis group.

3.2.12 Biological study on the penaeid prawn Metapenaeus affinis

in the coastal waters of Kedah.

This study was carried out in Kuala Kedah. Monthly samples

of M. affinis were obtained from the catch landed by commercial

trawlers operating in the waters of Zone B. Data on maturity

stages of females, length, weight, size by numbers and weight of

total catch of M. affinis by the boats sampled were obtained.

The minimum size recorded was 91mm (total length) .

Analysis of the data indicated that there were probably 2

recruitment pulses of M. affini~ into the fishery annually. The

primary recruitment pulse occurred in May, followed by a smaller

recruitment pulse in December. The recruitment patern

corresponded with two spawning peaks observed in January and

September.

3.2.13 Studies on the recruitment of Penaeus merguiensis in the

estuarine waters of Kuala Sepetang, Perak.

The study was conducted in the Kuala Sepetang area beginning

from the month of February. The objective of the study was to

determine the time of recruitment of the various life stages~ of

61

E. merguiensis into the fishery. The catch data from several

fishing gears that exploit the various stages of the prawn were

obtained on a monthly basis. Analysis of the catch data of the

different fishing gears, namely, the push nets which catch the

juveniles, the bagnets which exploit the emigrants migrating

outwards from the estuarine mangrove areas, and the trammel nets

and trawl nets which take the subadults and adults, indicated

that the juveniles are probably recruited into the estuarine push

net fishery during February/March, with the emigrants moving out

from the estuaries during March and April towards the fishing

grounds offshore where the subadults and adults are exploited by

the trammel nets and trawl nets.. However, these observations

require further sUbstantiative data, and the study will be

continued next year.

3.2.14 Experimental trials with pair trawl nets.

Experimental trials with pair trawl nets were continued

during the year. The aim of the study is to test and adapt these

nets for commercial operation in the offshore waters of the EEZ.

The trials were conducted with the use of commercial trawlers (70

GRT & above) on the east and west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia.

However, the results obtained were not very encouraging. This was

due primarily to poor net design and the lack of competency on

the part of the fishermen involved in the operation of the pair

trawl nets.

62

Several trials were however successfully conducted with

smaller vessels of the Department of Fisheries (K.L. KERAPU III &

K.L. KERAPU V). The experience gained will be utilised for

further trials with larger vessels. However, there appears to be

a need to modify the design of the larger nets.

3.2.15 Comparative studies on the efficiency of 2-seam, 4-seam

and 6-seam trawl nets.

The objective of the studies was to compare the efficiency

of 2-seaD trawl nets with those of 4-seam and 6-seam trawl nets.

However, during the year, only the comparison study between the

2-seam net and 4-seam net was carried out due to non availability

of vessel time. The number of hauls made was also limited because

of frequent damage to the nets. Analysis of the data obtained

from 6 hauls with the 4-seam trawl net and 5 hauls with the 2-

seam net indicated a slight difference in their average catch

rates. The average catch rate obtained by the 4-seam net was 71.3

kg/hr while the 2-seam net obtained 79.2 kg/hr. The studies will

be continued next year to obtain sufficient data for further

analysis.

63

MARINE FISH RESOURCE RESEARCH CENTRE, KUALA TERENGGANU

3.2.16 Effectiveness of payao as FADs

A new material, empty drums filled with polyurethene, was

used for the consturction of the payao. Two types of payao were

made, those consisting of 3 drums tied together (payao ibu) and a

single drum (payao anak) were tried out. A total of 12 payao ibu

and 36 payao anak were launched on September 1989.

Monitoring surveys indicated that the payao were effective

in attractive fishes as compared to the traditional unjang. Ikan

selayang (Decapterus sp.) were most abundant around the payao

followed by ikan selar, tuna and small pomfret. Monitoring stud­

ies could not be continued for long due to the loss of most of

the payao. The studies will be continued next year.

3.2.17 Tuna landings' in Trengganu

The project was carried out with the cooperation of experts

from IPTP, who visited from Sri Lan}<.a from time to time. Tuna

landings in Peninsular Malaysia declined from 20,730 tonnes in

1988 to 13,625 tonnes in 1989. Landings in Pulau Kambing also

dropped from 433.4 tonnes to 349.3 tonnes during the same

period. The majority of the tunas was landed by trolling. Aya

hitam (Thunnus tonggol) and aya kurik (EuthYDnus affinis) were

landed in more or less similar quantities and accounted for over

64

90% of the total catch. Aya selasih (Auxis thazard) made up the

balance.

The catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the troll boats also

showed a declining trend. It dropped from 217 kg/boat/trip in

1987 to 149 kg/boat/trip in 1988. For purse seiners the CPUE for

1988 averaged between 75-145 kg/boat/trip whereas for drift

netters the figures were 33.6-134.6 kg/boat/trip.

3.2.18 Studies on the landings of trawlers and purse seiners

Purse seiners from Terengganu have rich fishing grounds

just off the coast and need not stay in the sea for too long to

get reasonable returns. For Pahang and ~ohore (East) the pelagic

fisheries resource is limited and the majority of the fishermen

are forced to operate trawl fishing. They also need to stay for a

much longer period in sea to ensure better returns.

The rich pelagic resources off the Terengganu coast is re­

flected by the significantly higher landings of the purse seiners

from the state. The average monthly landings per boat amounted to

approx. 35 tonnes compared to 5 to 7 tonnes for boats from Pahang

and Johore (East).

The number of trawl boats above 70 GRT is rather limited in

Terengganu as compared to Pahang and Johore (East). The bigger

trawlers from Pahang and Johore (east) landed an average of 9.3

tonnes and 7 tonnes per month respectively.

65

3.2.19 Catch composition of purse seiners in East Coast.

The catch composition of the purse seiners was monitored at

two landing points, viz. Kedai Buloh in Kelantan and Pulau

Kambing in Terengganu. Some pelagic fish species such as ikan

kembong (Rastrelliger kanagurta), selayang (Decapterus maruad­

si), selar (Atule mate) and lolong (Selar crumenophthalmus) were

landed throughout the year in the two landing points.

In Kelantan the landing of ikan kembong OS. kanagurta)

peaked during the periods of January to April (30 - 51%) and

September (42%). Ikan selayang (~. maruadsi) was most abundant

during August (26%) and December (36%). Other major species

landed in Kelantan included ikan tamban (Dussumieria sp.jSardi­

nella sp.) with highest landings recorded in May (35%) and June

(42 %).

The average monthly catches of a purse seine boat in Kelan­

tan ranged,from 3.4 tonnes (February) to 8.6 tonnes (Septem­

ber). In Terengganu ikan selayang (Decapterus maruadsi) was

dominant for the months of January and February (33-48%),

August (45%), November and December (31-41%). Another species,

ikan selayang jarurn (Q. macrosoma) peaked during June, July and

September (36-40%). Ikan tamban (Dussumierie sp.) was caught in

greater quantity during April (36%) whereas ikan kembong (Ras­

trelliger. kanugarta) was most abundant during February (28%).

66

3.2.20 Prawn resource studies

Prawn trawling carried out during the months of February and

March and also during September and November confirmed that the

prawn season in Terengganu is from December to February, almost

coinciding with the Northeast Monsoon season. The major species

caught are Metapenaeus affinis and Penaeus merguiensis.

3.2.21 Coastal fisheries oceanography

Measurements on salinity, temperature and current were made

at several stations in Terengganu waters during the month of

August, 1989. Depth of these stations ranged from 25 to 60

meter. Surface salinity off Terengganu was found to range from

32.35 to 33.24 ppt. The salinity increased to 33.25 and 34.00

ppt towards the bottom. Surface temperature varied between 27.45

and 30.30 0 C, whereas bottom temperature were lower at 24.20 to

30.30 0 C. Data on current measurements have yet to be analysed.

3.2.22 Artificial re.f development

Observation on the ecological development of concrete reefs

in Kuala setiu and Kuala Ibai and tyre reefs in Pulau Ekor

Tebu and Pulau Kapas indicated the concrete reefs were more

effective for aggregating marine life forms and also providing

substrate for ecological development. For concrete reefs signifi­

cant development could be observed after 4 months of launching,

whereas

Sponges

for tyre reefs similar development would take a

and hard coral could also be observed to attach

67

year.

them-

selves to the concrete reefs within 6 months.

Based on underwater observations, video recording, hand­

lining and trap fishing, 57 fish species from 23 families had

been identified around tyre and concrete reefs. Concrete reefs

were also noted to attract a number of fish species not found in

tyre reefs. Such fishes include Bothus

2 is , Diodon sp., Haemulidae, Lutjanus

thr02terus.

3.2.23 Turtle conservation programme

sp., Selaroides e12tole­

malabaricus and ~. ery-

Studies on the use of pukat pari, a form of drift net for

ray fishing, indicated that turtles were particularly prone to be

trapped and entangled in the net leading to suffocation and

death. In Terengganu alone 62 turtles were reported dead follow­

ing such entanglement in 1989. The figure for 1988 was even

higher at 97. As nestings of turtles on Malaysian shores have

been on the decline lately, the operation of the pukat pari has

been banned as a conservation measure for the turtles.

In

4,247 in

Terengganu, sightings of turtle nestings went

1989 from 4,722 in 1987. Reported sightings

down

of

to

Penyu

290 Bilimbing (Leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea) nestings were

in 1989, indicating that only about 50 Leatherbacks nested in

the year. Each turtle is known to land 5 to 6 times during the

egg laying season.

Sightings of other species of turtles in Terengganu amounted

to 3,068 for Penyu Agar, 270 for Penyu Lipas, 20 for Penyu

68

Karak and 591 for Tuntong Laut.

From 1989, landings of turtles throughout Malaysia were also

monitored with the cooperation of World wildlife Fund (Dr. Jeanne

Mortimer). The number of landings reported for the various states

are: Kelantan, 16; Pahang, 223; Johor (east), 103; Melaka,

180; Perak, 203; Pulau Pinang, 87; Kedahr 110 and Perlis, 3.

The PPSIM also assisted in the management of a number of

turtle hatcheries in Terengganu. These included hatcheries in

Pulau Perhentian, Pulau Redang, Besut, Penarik, Rantau

Paka, Geliga and Chukai. Out of 89,034 eggs received

hatcheries, 58,243 (65%) actually hatched out.

Abang r

by the

3.2.24 Collection and transplantion of oyster spats

The project was carried out in cooperation

preliminary survey indicated that Sungai Merchang

able potential for spat collection and culture of

Crassostrea iredalei~ A total of 238 r OOO of the

with BOBP. A

has consider­

the oyster r

oyster seeds

were collected from the area and transplanted on the west coast

of Peninsular Malaysia for culture trials. Trial spat collection

in Kuala Setiu resulted in 28 r 800 seeds of Crassostrea iredalei

and also Saccrostrea sp. The spats were also sent to the west

coast for culture trials.

69

C. MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH CENTRE, SARAWAK

3.2.25 Demersal fish survey in the EEZ waters off Sarawak

The survey was carried out bt-3tween 25.07.90 and 06.10.89 with

the vessel K.K. Manchong. A total of 78 hauls were made, of

which 21 were abortive as a result of unsuitable trawl ground.

The surveyed area extended from 30 to about 100 miles from the

shoreline.

The average catch rate for the area was 118 kgjhr with the

commercial fish making 61% of the catch. The highest catch rate

recorded was 379kgjhr and the lowest 8kgjhr. The greater part of

the catches consisted of lutjanids, carangids, balistids, tachy­

suridae, plectorhyncids, rays and sharks.

3.2.26 Trial and development of trawl gear in the deeper waters

of Sarawak

This study was initiated on the basis of observation that

the use of rubber discs, cut from old tyres, in the ground

h~lped to reduce damages to the trawl net caused by small

ropes

coral

outcrops. However the nylon material used for the ground ropes is

not available locally. There is hence a need to develop an alter­

native material which could replace the nylon ground ropes. The

70

use of P.E. ropes was experimented upon. Initial tests indicated

that the twine size had to be increased. Trawl nets with the

thicker P.E. ropes performed well in subsequent fishing trials

and was adopted for the recent offshore survey. There is a good

possibility the net could be adopted by the private sector for

offshore fishing.

3.2.27 Experimental trials with fish aggregating devices

in the offshore waters of Sarawak

(FADs)

All the six FADs set in 1988 could not be traced and were

presumed lost. In Maich 1989 six more FADs were set in the same

South Luconia area. Monitoring was initially carried out biweek­

ly. However this was not always possible as a result of rough

weather and/or inavailability of vessel. The monitoring was

finally abandoned after 3 of the FADs were lost.

A few schools of ~mall fishes were observed although trolling

yielded no catch during some of the monitoring trips. ble species

bbalistes spp formed the bigger schools of fish observed. Howev­

er, no tuna like fishes were seen. Growth of stalked barnacles

was seen on the underside of of the buoy and along the p.E.rope

of the aggregating line.

As the FADs were set at a considerable distance offshore, it

was unlikely their loss could be attributed to poaching by local

fishermen. The possibility of tampering by foreign fishing v~s-

71

sels however could not be ruled out. Drifting as a result of

rough sea could possibly be the cause of the repeated disappear-

ance of the FADs and more effective anchors would be needed to

prevent further loss in future.

3.2.28 Landings of tuna fishes in Sarawak

Four landing points, namely, Sibu, Mukah, Bintulu and Miri

were chosen for the study. These areas effectively cover the main

landing centres of Sarawak for tuna. The study ir.dicates that

only 4 species of tuna are caught in the coastal waters of

Sarawak. These are Thunnu~ j::onggol, Euthynnus affinis, Auxis

thazard and Katsuwonus pelamts. The trolling catches carried out

by K.K. "Manchong" by trolling in waters as far as the Luconia

shoals confirmed that no other species were caught. A taxonomic

identification field guide was prepared and distributed to the

statistics section which hitherto lumped all the species under

"tonggol".

Length-weight relationships and growth parameters were deter­

mined. The common method of fishing is by trolling using wooden

boats ranging from 12 to 24 GRT. A small quantity of tuna is also

caught by trawlers.

72

3.2.29 Artificial propagation of terubok (Tenualosa toli) in

Sarawak.

Terubok were caught in Batang Lupar by drift nets during

the peak season of September and October. Dry stripping of live

or newly dead mature females was carried out. The males were

either stripped for the milt or dissected to obtain the testes

which were subsequently mashed and mixed with the eggs for ferti­

lization. Three field trials on the artificial propagation of

the fish were carried out.

During the second trial 71 terubok larvae survived the 4-

hour boat ride to Bintawa. 'There was however no attempt to

feed the larvae as plankton culture facilities had not been set

up. The larvae survived till the 8th day. Observation showed the

mouth parts of the larvae were well developed by the 5th day_

The success on artificial spawning of terubuk is believed to

be the first in Malaysia. Future work would concentrate on the

larviculture of the fish. It is hoped that the effort would lead

to the mass production of fry suitable for release for stock

enhancement purpose. The recent decline of the terubok fisheries

following heavy exploitation is a cause for concern, hence the

terubok conservation programme is accorded high priority.

3.2.30 Artificial reef development in Sarawak.

Artificial reefs in Sarawak consist mainly of tyre reefs

73

and sunken confiscated Jderelict vessels. Eight tyre reefs have

been developed with a total of 76,367 tyres. Marine Department

landing crafts were hired for most of the launching. The tyres

were either tied into linear column or' built into pyramidal

shape.

One launching was done in March at the Shiwa shoal off Miri.

A total of 7,300 tyres were launched to create a new nucleus for

further reef extention. The second launching was carried out In

June off Tg. Sipang in the Kuching division using 6,767 tyres.

Monitoring trips were made to the Tg. Sipang reef between

the months of August and November. visibility was good and

varied from about 4 meters to 11 meters. The dominant species

of fish observed were lutjanids of which Lutjanus. linneolatus,

L. vitta, L. russelli were identified. ~ lineolatus were also

seen in schools. Beside the above mentioned fish species, a great

variety of fishes from 13 families were observed in the reef

vicinity.

3.2.31 A prelimnary study of the suitability of the Sematan river

area for tiger prawn farming.

This study was carried out at the request of the state

Government. The area involved was about 320 hectares of rela-

tively flat land bounded by the Sematan river on three sides.

74

Soil

potential

samples

acidity

were taken at 14 stations and

and texture. Samples from 3 of

analysed for

the stations

were found to have high sand content and hence not suitable for

pond

below)

construction. Subsurface samples (taken at 1 m depth or

showed low percentage of acid sulphate (7.14%). The con-

struction of levee ponds without much digging would reduce the

acid sulphate problem.

Water samples taken at various tidal cycles indicated that

the water quality was within the acceptable

prawn farming. This was further confirmed by

range

the

white shrimps and estuarine fishes in the water.

for tiger

presence of

The area is easily accessible by road. Electricity and

water supply are available. It is concluded that the site is

suitable for marine prawn farming.

3.2.32 Cockle transplantation and culture

Transplantation of cockle seeds from Selangor to Muara Tebas

and Pulau Sabak was first attempted during the period 26.6.88

11.7.88. Monitoring in 1989 showed that the experimental culture

of cockle in Muara Tebas failed due to poor cooperation from the

fishermen involved. The cockle transplanted to Pulau Salak grew

well and attained an average size of 2.73 cm after 17 months of

culture.

Following the initial success, a secDnd batch of cockle

75

seeds amounting to 8,695 kg were obtained from Selangor during

the months of October and November, 1989. The transplantation

was carried out jointly with the fishermen in Kampong Salak. The

fishermen assisted in the setting up of the fence, sowing of

seeds and were also responsible for the culture operation. The

major objective for the involvement of the fishermen is to fami­

liatize them with the transplantation and culture operation so

that they could later undertake cockle cUltivation on a commer­

cial basis on their own.

3.2.33 Mussel Culture

A total number of 200 ropes of mussel spats were received

from Johore on 17.8.88. The ropes were transplanted on the raft

off Pulau Salak. Monitoring in 1989 indicated that the mussels

grew from an initial size of of 2.0 cm (shell length) to a mean

size of 7.83 cm after 9 months.

over 1,400 kg.

Total production amounted to

A second culture was started on June, 1989 with spat from

P. Malaysia. The growth was again encouraging a~d a mean size of

5.72 cm was attained after 5 months of culture. Monitoring on

growth and spawning activity would be continued.

76

3.3 AQUATIC ECOLOGY SECTION, IPP GELUGOR

3.3.1 Research on Artificial Reef Development

The activities were centred on the ecological studies and

the monitoring of fisheries resources around the artificial reefs

of Pulau Payar group of islands, Kedahi Pulau Ekor Tebu,

ganui Pulau Aman, Penang and Pulau Harimau, Johore.

Tereng­

Studies

indicated that encrustation on the surfaces of the artificial

substrate to be prolific and a variety of marine organisms were

identified.

At the Pulau Payar tyre reef in Kedah, the fish population

has reached a comparatively stable state with seasonal variation

in fish population. Large shoals of carangids could be observed

at both the concrete and tyre reefs of Pulau Payar. Groupers

were also found to be abundant within the reef.

In general, the major species of fish identified in the

artificial reef sites are snappers, groupers, fusiliers, sweet-

lips, parrotfishes, rabbitfishes, damsel fishes as well as squid

and cuttlefish. Large shoa ls of snappers, 1.:1:1tj,i:!J1U_? spp. and

fusiliers, Cae!2.iQ spp. numbering over 10,000 are not uncommon

over the artificial reef area.

Besides tyres, specially designed concrete blocks and PVC

77

pipes were also used for experimental reef construction to deter­

mine their effectiveness as reef materials.

The task of maintaining reef markers or buoys is

problematic. Inspection, repair and replacement are costly for

the present buoys used. There is a need for the development of

cheap and robust buoys for marking reef sites.

3.3.2 study of the status of marine parks and ecology of natural

reefs.

Coral reef surveys were carried out at Pulau Singa Busar and

Pulau Payar, Kedah; Pulau Tioman, Pulau Chebeh, Pulau Tulai,

Pulau Sri Buat and Pulau Sembilang, pahang and Pulau Jarak,

Perak.

About three-quarters of Pulau Singa Besar has been surveyed.

The remaining areas around Tanjung Geting are usually too rough

and visibility too low for diving surveys. The reef edge is

fairly shallow and the onward bottom substrate is a thick layer

of fine silt/mud. Sea whips are fairly common. Dominance by

Pectinia sp and Mycegjum sp is not as apparent when compared to

the eastern side. Large colonies of Porites sp and Favi9/Favi~~~

sp are observed. Smaller colonies of pocilloporq sp can be found

on the reef crest and upper reef slope. The majority of life

forms are encrusting or sub-massive with very little branching

growth forms.

78

Coral Reef studies of Pulau Tioman, pulau Tulai-, Pulau

Chebeh and Pulau Santu indicate that the areas

strong currents are inhabited only by soft corals.

Thorns is a problem in the reefs off Pulau Tulai,

exposed to

Crown-of-

'l'ebuk Bakau

and Teluk Genting. Uncontrolled human activities were also

observed to result in unnecessary destruction to the reef struc­

tUre.

From the survey findings of pulau Jarak, it was observed

that the coral coverage was about 35% and comprised mainly of the

massive form. The area is rich in marine life and lS indeed a

good recreational site. It is recommended that protection from

fishing activities be continued although this island does not

require the status of a marine park.

3.3.3 study of the sea-grass ecology

Initial study was centred around the coastal waters of

Peninsular Malaysia. Areas identified for the stUdy were Pulau

Sibu, Pulau Babi group of islands, Johore and Pulau Langkawi,

Kedah. The sea grass covering these areas were species belonging

to the Cymodocea, Holodule, Enhalu2. and Halophila. Further study

will be carried out to look into the ecology and richness of this

habitat.

79

3.3.4 Postharvest handling of fishery products

The cockle depuration project using ultra-violet light has

been demonstrated to be both technically and economically

feasible. studies were carried out using the pilot plant based

on a high density stacked-nest stocking utilising ultra-violet

treated seawater in a closed recirculating system.

The three semi-commercial plants constructed by the Technol­

ogy Division of the Department of Fisheries were tested with

cockles from Juru and cockles supplied by LKIM. Tests indicated

that shellfish grown in less polluted areas could be purified to

acceptable bacterial levels within 24 hours.

It is important to note that depuration is a

process, and only healthy and unstressed animals

biological

could be

introduced into the system. Introduction of weak or dying

animals may result in contamination of the system leading to

massive mortality. In this respect proper handling of live

products before treatment is essential.

The level of bacterial contamination in shellfish and in

shellfish growing areas is closely monitored. Procedure for the

identification of pathogenic bacteria in shellfish is being

carried out with the cooperation of the veterinary Department.

The monitoring programme would to some extent determine the need

for depuration for shellfish from specific areas.

80

3.3.5 Monitoring of heavy metals in fish, shellfish and sediment

Cockles and mussels sampled form K. Gula, K. Kurau and P.

Langkawi were analysed for copper, zinc, cadmium, lead and

mercury. Sediments from each sampled location were also analysed

to correlate the metal levels with the respective indicator

organisms. The levels of heavy metals sampled in the cockles ~nd

mussels were all below the permissible limits, indicating little

contamination. The values obtained for sediment were also within

the normal ranges and agreed well with previous data.

Analyses were carried out on sediment samples from sungai

Gelang Patah, Johor. The metal of interest was copper suspected

to be polluting the river via,piggery wastes. However results of

the various analyses showed no elevation of the copper level in

the riVer sediments.

It is important to note that sophisticated analytical

instruments such as the atomic absorption spectrophotometer

gas chromatograph need proper maintenance which could only

carried out by trained personnel. Inadequate maintenance

lead to poor performance resulting in unreliab~e analytical

or even complete failure of the equipment.

81

and

be

may

data

3.3.6 Toxicity Screening of oil Dispersants and Pesticides

Toxicological studies were carried out on oil dispersants

and pesticides. The oil dispersants tested were Emulsol L.W.,

Corexit 7664, Corexit 8667, Corexit 9527, Gold Crew and Soilax.

In all the tests, Dodecyl Sodium Sulphate (DSS) was used as a

reference toxicant to check the condition of fish (Tilapia

nilotica). The screening of dispersants was carried out in water

with a salinity of 16 ppt, with the fish properly acclimatized

before used.

Results of the screening indicated that the dispersants

Corexit 8667, Corexit 7664, and Gold Crew had low toxicity

towards the test fish and could probably be used for oil spill

combats in coastal waters.Corexit 9527 and Soilax had higher

toxicity and should preferably be used only in the open sea.

Besides dispersants, pesticides (Stam F-34 and Saturn 5G)

were also screened with DSS again used as a reference toxicant.

STAM F-34 comes in the form of liquid and contains an active

ingredient of 35% w/w proponil. Saturn 5G comes in granular form

with an active ingredient of 5% w/w Tniobencarb. Proponil was

found to be more toxic.

82

4. MAINTENANCE AND DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS

4.1 K.K. "KERAPU I" (Ali Awang)

K.K. "KERAPU I" was plagued with staff shortage. Only 2 out

of a full complement of 7 crew were left. As a result the vessel

could not be effectively deployed. The activities undertaken by

the vessel for 1989 included:-

13.6.89 - 16.6.89

19.9.89

9.11.89 - 11.11.89

24.11.89 - 29.11.89

Pulau Langkawi - survey for kerapu spawners.

Pulau Jerejak - Cage culture of fish

P. Singa - Reef survey

P. Bidan, Tanjung Dawai,

Reef Project.

P. Songsong -

4.2 K.K. "JENAHAK" (Razak Latun)

K.K. "JENAHAK" was deployed for field work for a total of 42

days. Effective deployment of the vessel was again not possible

due to the post of Serang Tkt. Tertinggi (Captain) being vacant.

Details of the trips are as follows:-

13 - 19 Jan. 1989 Pulau Payar, Kedah-tyre reef/coral reef

24 Jan. 1989 Yan, Kedah - Aquaculture work

30 Jan. - 2 Feb.,1989 Pulau Aman, Penang - tyre reef

83

9 - 17 Feb. 1989 Pulau Payar, Kedah-tayar reef/coral reef

28 Feb.-2 Mar.1989 Pulau Aman, Penang - tyre reef

11 - 17 Mar. 1989 Pulau Payar, Kedah - tayar reef

9 - 14 Aug. 1989 Pulau Payar, Kedah - tyre reef

4.3 K.K. "MER8UJI" (Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin/Alias b. Man)

K.K. "MERSUJIlI was deployed to conduct training and research

cruises during the year. The training cruises were short cruises

conducted by the Fisheries Training Institut Malaysia. Details of

the cruises conducted by K.K. "MERSUJI" are as follows:-

9.1.89 - 13.1.89

25.1.89 - 27.1.89

13.2.89 - 17.2.89

20.2.89 - 24.2.89

6.3.89 - 10.3.89

13.3.89 - 17.3.89

27.3.89 - 30.3.89

17.4.89 - 5.7.89

31.7.89 - 4.9.89

11.9.89 - 13.9.89

25.9.89 - 29.9.89

16.10.89 - 19.10.89

6.11.89 - 9.11.89

Deep sea training cruise (ILPM)

"

" cuttlefish and crab trap trials

Engineman training cruise (ILPM)

"

" Slipping and repair in Limbongan Perikanan, Port Kelang

East coast Peninsular Malaysia oceanographic survey

Trials with 2-seam and 4-seam trawl net

"

" West coast Peninsular Malaysia demersal fish survey

84

20.11.89 - 24.11.89 Ii

6.12.89 - 7.12.89 " 19.12.89 - 22.12.89 "

••• K.K. "PELALING" (Hohd. Taupek b. Hj. Hohd. Nasir)

K. K. "PELALING" was unable to be deployed for prawn surveys

during the year due to shortage of crew except for ,me cruise to

conduct trials with cuttlefish traps. The vessel was also

slipped for repairs:

1.1. 89 13.4.89

1. 6.89 23.6.89

27.12.89 - 31.12.89

•• 5 K. K. "AYA"

slipping, repairs and replacement of main engine in Limbongan Perikanan, Port Kelang

Trials with cuttlefish traps

Repairs at Bukit Tambun slipway

The vessel (stationed in K. Terengganu) was finally condem-

ned on April, 1989.

4.6 K. K. "SENANGIN" (Raja Noordin)

K. K. "SENANGIN" was deployed for various surveys including

prawn monitoring, marine park and artificial reefs investigation,

and coastal fisheries oceanography on the East Coast of P. Malay-

85

sia. The vessel was used for training purpose for ILPM trainees

and scuba diving training. A total of 40 sea days were logged

for the year. Maintenance works on the vessel were carried out

during June and July in a private slipway in Kemaman . .

4.7 K. K. "MALONG" (Yong Ai Hua)

K. K. "MALONG" was in Sibu for the greater part of the year

for repairs, refitting and sea trials. It could not be deployed

in time for the prawn survey as planned. It should however be

ready for the coming prawn season in 1990.

4.8 K. K. "MANCHONG" (Albert Chuan Gambang)

K. K. "MANCHONG"·did 11 trips amounting to 84 sea days for a

variety of activities. These included fishing trials of the

newly designed trawl gear (with P.E. groundropes); FAD setting

and monitoring; site survey, launching and monitoring of artifi-

cial reefs; in situ artificial spawning of terubok (Tenualosa

toli) in Batang Lupar; and demersal fish survey in Malaysian EEZ

waters off Sarawak.

86

5. PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS

5.1 Coastal Aquaculture Development in Malaysia by Ng Fong Oon and Ong Kah Sin. Presented at the 13th Advisory committee of BOBP at Orchid Hotel, Penang, 2~rd - 28th January, 1989.

5.2 Some results of the bivalve transplantation in Malaysia by Ng Fong Oon and Kamal Zaman bin Mohamed. Presented at the Bivalve Symposium at Dagupan City, Plugasinan, Philippines, 5th-6th November, 1989.

5.3 On the Status of Artemia production in Malaysia, by Ong Kah Sin, paper presented at the BOBP Artemia Workshop, Madras 4-5 May 1989.

5.4 Status and problems of mollusc production, sanitation and marketing in Malaysia, by Ong Kah si~ & Rabihah Mahmood. Paper presented at the FAO-France Mollusc Workshop, 15-28 October 1989.

5.5 Fisheries research in Malaysia for the 1990's, by Ong Kah Sin. Paper presented at the Malaysian Society of Marine Sciences Seminar "Research Priorities for Marine Science in the 1990's", held at the Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 18 Nov. 1989.

5.6 Status of Marine Ranching in Malaysia by Devakie Nair. A Country report prepared for the Marine Ranch (Marine Farm) System Course held in Japan from 7th August - 28th November 1989.

5.7 Summary report on the progress of regional research programme on the relationships between the ulcerative disease syndrome in fish and the environment by Md. Akhir Arshad. Presented at the Seminar on ulcerative Disease Syndrome in Fish held in Bangkok, Thailand.

5.8 Kesan rawatan antibiotik oxytetracycline'ke atas penyakit streptococcosis Ikan Kerapu (Epinephelus salmoides) by Md. Akhir bin Arshad. Presented in the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan in Melaka, 27th - 29th June 1989.

5.9 Daya pengeluaran Paya-laut bakau Kuala Sepetang berdasarkan kepada aspek pendaratan sumber udang penaeid by Md. Akhir bin Arshad. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan

87

Perikanan in Melaka, 27th - 29th June 1989.

5.10 Kadar penebaran yang sesuai dalam asuhan benih siakap dari umur 0 hingga 15 hari by Munir Haji Mohd. Nawi. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan in Melaka, 27th - 29th June 1989.

5.11 Keperluan Prot in dalam asuhan benih siakap yang bersaiz 2.0 2.5 cm serta pemerhatian awal dalam penggunaan makanan

kering untuk benih siakap by Munir Haji Mohd. Nawi. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan in Melaka, 27th - 29th June 1989.

5.12 Simple process for agar extraction from Polycavernosa by Ramli Saad. Paper presented during the Seminar on Gracilavia Production and utilization in the Bay of Bengal 23.10. - 27.10,89 Songkhla, Thailand.

5.13 Tuna fisheries and research in Malaysia, presented by Lui Yean Pong at the Western Pacific Fisheries Consultative committee Workshop On Tuna Research, Manila, Philippines, 3 - 8 April, 1989.

5.14 Sumber perikanan laut dalam, presented by Lui Yean Pong at the Seminar Pembangunan Perikanan Laut Dalam Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, 21 June 1989.

5.15 The status of tuna fisheries of Malaysia by Chee Phaik Ean. Risalah Perikanan Bil. 33, Department of Fisheries, Minis­try of Agriculture, Malaysia.

5.16 Peranan dan sumbangan Institut Penyelidikan Perikanan dalam sistem 2 L, presented by Chee Phaik Ean at the Mesyuarat Kajisemula sistem Pengembangan Jabatan Perikanan, Melaka, Malaysia, 7 - 8 March, 1989.

5.17 Status report of the tuna fisheries in Malaysia, presented by Chee Phaik Ean and Raja Bidin Raja Hassan at the IPTP Third Southeast Asian Tuna Conference, Bali, Indonesia, 22 - 24 August 1989.

5.18 Sumber dan pembangunan perikanan tuna, presented by Chee Phaik Ean at the Seminar Sumber Perikanan Laut Dalam Di Zon Ekslusif Ekonomi (ZEE) Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 20 May 1989 and Seminar Pembangunan Perikanan Laut Dalam Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, 21 June 1989. 5.7.

88

5.19 The second and third prawn trawling surveys off the coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Mohd. Taupek b. Hj. Nasir, submitted for publications.

west Mohd.

5.20 Kajian biologi ikan kembong Rastrelliger brachysoma (VAN KAMPEN) di Pantai Barat semenanjung Malaysia, presented by Mansor b. Mat Isa at the Seminar' Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989, Melaka, 27 - 29 June 1989.

5.21 Bubu sotong di perairan Kedah-Perlis by Rosidi b. Ali. Berita Perikanan June 1989.

5.22 Penemuan awal tiga urusan penting di dalam perikanan pukat tunda di Malaysia, presented by Rosidi b. Ali at the Semi­nar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, 27 - 29 June 1989.

5.23 Kajian kematangan dan musim pembiakan udang harimau, Penae­us semisulcatus di Kuala Kedah, presented by Alias b. Man at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, 27 - 29 June 1989.

5.24 Cockle Depuration in Malaysia - paper presented at Seminar on Handling and Processing: The Selling Point Malaysian Fisheries. 27 - 29 Mar 1989, Kuala Lumpur by Portiah Hamzah.

the in

Wan

5.25 Artificial Reef Development in Malaysia - paper presented at the start-up Seminar For Artificial Reef Programme ADB­MAL Fisheries Research & Development Programme, 9 November 1989, Penang by Wan Portiah Hamzah.

5.26 Cockle Depuration Programme - Projek Pembersihan Kerang: paper prepared for the Press Conference on the Cockle Depuration and as background paper for the fishermen and cockle suppliers during the Introduction to Cockle Depuration Session - by Wan Portiah Hamzah.

5.27 Growth of corals on Artificial Reefs - paper presented at the FRI Research Seminar, Malacca 25-29 June 1989 by Wong Fai Hung.

5.28 Heavy Metals in some Malaysian Fish - Fisheries Bulletin No. 58 Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture paper by Shahunthala Devi.

5.29 Heavy Metals in Malaysian Shellfish - paper presented at the FRI Research Seminar, Malacca 25-29 June 1989 by Sha­hunthala Devi.

5.30 "Ikan-ikan di dibentangkan 1989, Melaka Rajuddin.

tukun tiruan Pulau Payar, Kedah" di Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan

oleh Abdul Razak Latun dan Mohd.

kertas 27-29 Jun

Kushairi

5.31 "Daya Pengeluaran Perairan Paya-Laut Bakau Kuala Sepetang

89

berdasarkan kepada Aspek Pendaratan Sumber Udang Kawasan Itu" Mohd. Kushairi Rajuddin dan Hd. Arshad.

Penaeid Akhir

5.32 Liong, P.C. In press. Water supply and treatment for marine prawn hatcheries. Risalah Perikanan, Bil. ~. Hinistry of Agriculture, Malaysia.

5.33 Ong, K.S., Liong, P.C. & Hambal, H. 1989. Teknologi terna­kan udang di Malaysia. Risalah Perikanan, Bil. 37. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.

5.34 Ong ,K.S., Liang, P.C. & Hambal, H. 1989. Prawn/shrimp culture technology in Malaysia. Risalah Perikanan. Bil. 38 Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.

5.35 Liang, P.C. & Subramaniam, K. 1989. Water management in coastal prawn ponds. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research seminar, 27 - 29 June, 1989. Malacca. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.36 Palanisamy, V. & Faazaz, A. L. 1989. The problems of Leuco­thrix infestation in Penaeid hatcheries. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June,1989. Malac­ca, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.37 Palanisamy, V. 1989. Progress and problems of prawn/shrimp culture with particular reference scale hatcheries in Malaysia. Paper presented at Expert Consultation on Small Scale Prawn / Shrimp ies. 12 - 16, Sept., 1989. Bangkok, Thailand.

freshwater to small the FAO hatcher-

5.38 Faazaz, A.L. & Palanisamy, V. 1989. Keputusan ternakan larva Penaeus monodon intensif di PPPBUK 1985 -1987. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June, 1989. Malacca, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.39 Mohd. Fariduddin, O. 1989. Teknik-teknik mematangkan induk udang harimau. Fisheries Bulletin, No. 39. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.

5.40 Othman, M. 1989. Some results on the transportation of udang galah juveniles in plastic bags. Paper presented at the the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June, 1989. Malacca, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.41 Utama, c. M. 1989. Kesan penggunaan makanan rumusan didalam bentuk butiran kering dan saiz butiran yang sesuai bagi asuhan postlarva udang harimau. Paper presented at the the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June, 1989. Halacca, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.42 utama, C.M. & Yoshimitsu, T. 1989. Panduan makanan rumusan untuk udang. Risalah Perikanan Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.

90

penyediaan Bil. 35.

5.43 Zainuddin, J & Yaakob, A. 1989. Makanan rumusan larva udang galah. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Seminar, 27 - 29, June, 1989. Malacca. Department of Fish­eries, Malaysia.

5.44 Yaakob, A. 1989. Ternakan benih udang galah secara inten­sif. Buku Panduan Bil. 2/89. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.

5.45 Yaakob, A. In press. Artemia - penggunaan di pusat pembeni­han udang dan ikan. Buku Panduan, Bil.~. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.

5.46 Fariduddin, O. 1989. Kaedah meningkatkan produktiviti di dalam ternakan larva udang laut separa intensif. Berita Perikanan Dis., 1989. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.

5.47 Fariduddin, O. In press. Kaedah menternakan Penaeus larva udang putih (E. merquiensis/indicus). Berita Perikanan. Jabatan Perikanan. Malaysia.

5.48 Induced spawning of Riverine catfish, Panqasius sutchi (Fowler), using pimozide, analog of LHRH and homoplastic pituitary extract by Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Aquacul­ture Journal (in press) .

5.49 Teknik pembiakan dan pengeluaran benih ikan Keli oleh Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Risalah Perikanan (in press).

5.50 Induced breeding of Mystus nemurus (Valenciennes) using heteroplastic pituitary extract, HCG and an analog of LHRH, oleh Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Fisheries Research Semi­nar, Melaka, June, 1989.

5.51 Effect of betadine on hatchability rate of Clarias macro­cephalus (Gunther) eggs by Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.

5.52 The culture of all-male Tilapia in static ponds using pelleted feed with and without the growth promoter, Virgi­niamycin by S. Pathmasothy. Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.

5.53 Myxosporean infestation in Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) at Batu Berendam, Melaka by siti Zahrah Abdullah Thalathiah Hj. Saidin. Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.

5.54 Aeromonad septicemia in the fry of Catfish (Clarias macro­cephalus) by siti Zahrah Abdullah. Fisheries Research seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.

5.55 Preliminary results of growth selection on the Siamese Red Tilapia bu Chuah Hean Pengo Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, June, 1989.

91

5.56 Recent advances in breeding and culture systems of ornamen­tal fish by Chuah Hean Pengo Aquarium Fish Seminar, Kuala Lumpur, September, 1989.

5.57 Preliminary Peninsular June, 1989.

survey of t.he ornamental f ish industry in Malaysia. Fisheries Research Seminar, Melaka, (Chuah Hean Peng & Jamaludin Ibrahim).

5.58 Pemerhatian awal ke atas pembiakan aruhan ikan Temoleh (Probarbus jUllie.ni). Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989 by ( Ahmad Ashhar Othman) .

5.59 Pembiakan dan pengeluaran benih ikan Sebarau (Hampala macrocephalus. Seminar Penyelidkan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989 ( Mohd. Zaini Suleiman).

5.60 Teknik pembiakan aruhan dan pengeluaran benih ikan-ikan Kap India: Katla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) dan Mrigal (Cirrhina mriqala). Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Mela­ka, Jun, 1989. ( Mohd. Zaini Suleiman).

5.61 Kajian awal ke atas pembesaran Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) - monokultur dalam kolam semenjak 1985 hingga 1988. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989. (Nik Razali Nik Lah) .

5.62 Kajian perbandingan mutu air sungai Melaka diantara tahun 1977 dengan 1981. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Melaka, Jun, 1989. (Maznah Othman).

5.63 Pemerhatian awal kultur Moina sp. dan kultur larva chirono­mid didalam tangki. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, Mela­ka, Jun, 1989. (Siti Azamah Hj. Mustapha).

5.64 Laporan Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989, "Memaksimumkan Produktiviti Perikanan Penyelidikan". Prk.ML. (Peny.) BB 16/02 (56) (Alexander A. Jothy).

bertajuk melalui

23.08.89.

5.65 Kejayaan pembiakan ikan Sebarau dalam kurungan. Berita Perikanan (5) : 4, Disember,1989. ( Alexander A. Jothy).

5.66 Laporan pendaratan penyu di Terengganu dibentang Mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 Disember 1989, Kuala Terengganu, oleh PP Sukarno bin Wagiman.

5.67 Laporan penetesan penyu Negeri Terengganu dibentang Mesyua­rat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 Disember 1989, Kuala Terengganu, oleh PP Sukarno bin wagiman.

5.68 Kertas Kematian penyu akibat aktiviti perikanan dibentang dalam Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 26 29 Jun, 1989, oleh PP Sukarno bin Wagiman.

5.69 Laporan Risekan Penyu Terengganu dibentang Mesyuarat Majlis

92

5.70

Penasihat santuari Penyu Bil. 1/89, 20 Februari 1989, Kuala Terengganu, aleh PP Sukarna bin Wagiman.

Laporan Kedudukan Penctaratan dan Projek Pemuliharaan Belimbing di Terengganu 1988 dibentang Mesyuarat Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 1/89, 20 Februari Kuala Terengganu, oleh PP Sukarno bin Wagiman.

Penyu Majlis

1989,

5.71 Status Report of Tunas In Malaysia 1988 dibentangkan di Persidangan Tuna ke Tiga di Denpasar, Bali Indonesia pacta 22 Ogos 1989, oleh PP Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan.

5.72 Kajian perbandingan penggunaan payao selinder di perairan Terengganu 1988 dibentangkan di Seminar Penyelidikan peri­kanan 1989 di Melaka pada 27 Jun 1989.

5.73 Aquaculture Practice in Sabah (with emphasis on Prawn farming in Tawau) by George Chong and Mohammed Mohidin.

5.74 Some Aspects of the Biology and Fishery of Jellyfish found along the Coast of Sarawak by Richard Rumpet.

5.75 Report on first trial trip for Artificial Fertilization of Terubok by Yong Ai Hua.

5.76 Distribution and Biological Status of the Pelagic Resources of Sarawak by Hadil bin Rajali and Richard Rumpet.

5.77 Bottom Trawl Gear Development in the offshore waters of Sarawak Malaysia by Albert Chuang Gambang and George Chong Chiaw Min.

5.78 Perikanan Terubok Di Sarawak by Hadil bin Rajali.

5.79 Tenualosa (~erubok) Biology Survey in Sarawak, Co-author by Hadil bin Rajali, Yong Ai Hua and FAa Terubok Investigation Team 1988

5.80 Some aspects of the Biology of Catfishes, Ariu~ truncatus (C & V) and Ariu~ caelatus (Val.), osteichthys, in the Sungai Salak Mangrove Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia by Pang Suh Cem.

5.81 Kertas seminar 'Some Observations On The Best Trial of Penaeus monodon Culture at The Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Center, Gelang Patah' oleh En. Chuah Toh Thye.

5.82 Kertas penyelidikan 'Mechanical Grading of The Tiger Prawns, Penaeus monodon at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Center, Gelang Patah' oleh En.Chuah Toh Thye.

5.83 Kertas kerja 'Cadangan Bagi Projek Usahasama Ternakan Udang Laut Di Wilayah Labuan' oleh En. Chuah Toh Thye.

5.84 Kertas penyelidikan 'Garispanduan-gprispanduan mutu air

93

5.85

5.86

untuk ternakan udang dan ikan laut' yang dalam proses percetakan bagi keluaran Risalah Perikanan, oleh En.Rosly Hassan.

Kertas penyelidikan 'Estimation of oxygen consumption Tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon' oleh En.Rosly Hassan Shahrom Mohamed.

Kertas penyelidikan 'Kesan karotenoid (Carophyll pink) atas Udang Harimau, Penaeus monodon. I oleh En. Ismail Hassan.

by dan

ke Abu

5.87 Kertas penyelidikan 'Analisa Kestabilan Pelet Kitosan dan Asid Alginik Menggunakan Penanda Radioaktif' oleh En. Ismail Abu Hassan.

5.88 Kertas penyelidikan 'Kebekesanan Alat-alat Pengudaraan' oleh Fauzidah Othman.

5.89 Kertas penyelidikan 'Potensi ternakan ikan Siakap dalam kolam' oleh En.Ramli Khamis.

5.90 Kertas penyelidikan 'The use of raceway system GP300 as a nursery facility for Seabass, (Lates calcarifer) fry' oleh En.Ramli Khamis dan Hambal Hj.Hanafi.

5.91 Kertas cadangan 'Keperluan dan Penggunaan Kaedah Remote Sensing dalam Jabatan Perikanan' oleh Hambal Hj.Hanafi.

5.92 Risalah untuk Berita Nelayan 'Mesin Penggred Udang' Hambal Hj.Hanafi dan En. Azmi Abd. Rahman.

oleh

5.93 Kertas seminar 'Some Observations On The Best Trial of Penaeus monodon Culture at The Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Center, Gelang Patah' oleh En. Chuah Toh Thye.

5.94 Kertas penyelidikan 'Mechanical Grading of The Tiger Prawn, Penaeus monodon at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Center, Gelang Patah' oleh En.Chuah Toh Thye.

5.95 Kertas kerja 'Cadangan Bagi Projek Usahasama Ternakan Udang Laut Di Wilayah Labuan' oleh En. Chuah Toh Thye.

5.96 Kertas penyelidikan 'Garispanduan-garispanduan mutu air untuk ternakan udang dan ikan laut' yang dalam proses percetakan bagi keluaran Risalah Perikanan, oleh En.Rosly Hassan.

5.97 Kertas penyelidikan 'Estimation of oxygen consumption Tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon' oleh En.Rosly Hassan Shahrom Mohamed.

94

by dan

5.98 Kertas penyelidikan 'Kesan karotenoid (Carophyll pink) atas Udang Harimau, Penaeus monodon. I oleh En. Ismail Hassan.

ke Abu

5.99 Kertas penyelidikan 'Analisa Kestabilan Pelet Kitosan dan Asid Alginik Menggunakan Penanda Radioaktif' oleh En. Ismail Abu Hassan.

5.100 Kertas penyelidikan 'Kebekesanan Alat-alat Pengudaraan ' oleh Puan Fauzidah Othman.

5.101 Kertas penyelidikan 'Potensi ternakan ikan Siakap dalam kolam' oleh En.Ramli Khamis.

5.102 Kertas penyelidikan 'The use of raceway system GP300 as a nursery facility for Seabass, (Lates calcarifer) fry' oleh En.Ramli Khamis dan Hambal Hj.Hanafi.

5.103 Kertas cadangan 'Keperluan dan Penggunaan Kaedah Remote Sensing dalam Jabatan Perikanan' oleh Hambal Hj.Hanafi.

5.104 Risalah untuk Berita Nelayan 'Mesin Penggred Udang' oleh En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi dan En.Azmi Abd.Rahman.

5,105 Laporan 'Kawasan Potensi UntUk Ternakan Udang Harimau di Negeri Trengganu oleh Jabatan Perikanan, Kementerian Perta­nian Malaysia pada Oktober 1989.

5.106 Laporan Tahunan Pusat Penyelidikan Ternakan Gelang Patah, Johor pada

Airpayau,

5.107 Laporan-laporan Suku Tahun 'Kemajuan Projek ASEAN-USAID Pengurusan Sumber Persisiran Pantai' bagi tahun 1989.

5.108 'Annual Project Task Report 1989' bagi Projek ASEAN-DSAID Kajian Pengurusan Sumber Pantai pada 15hb. Oktober 1989.

5.109 Sukarno bin Wagiman telah menyiapkan laporan dan kertas kerja berikut:

1. Pendaratan Penyu Terengganu.-Laporan dibentang rat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 1989. Kuala Terengganu.

2. Penetasan Penyu Negeri Terengganu.

Mesyua­Disember

-Laporan dibentang Mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 Disember 1989. Kuala Terengganu.

3. Kematian Penyu 1989-Laporan dibentang Mesyuarat Penasi­hat Santuari Penyu Bil. 3/89, 20 Disember 1989 Kuala Te­rengganu.

4. Kematian Penyu Akibat Aktiviti Perikanan.

95

- Kertas dibentang seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989. 26 - 29 Jun 1989 Melaka.

5. Hidupan Laut Merbahaya Dan Pencegahan - In press.

6. Laporan Risekan Penyu Terengganu. Dibentang Mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 1/89, 20 Februari 1989 Kuala Terengganu.

7. Laporan Kedudukan Pendaratan dan Penyu Belimbing di Terengganu 1988. Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Bil. 1989 Kuala Terengganu.

Projek Pemuliharaan Dibentang Mesyuarat 1/89, 20 Februari

5.110 Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan telah menyempurnakan laporan dan kertas kerja berikut:

1. Kajian dayamaju peralatan perikanan di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia. 1989.

2. status Report of Tunas In Malaysia 1988. Dibentangkan di Persidangan Tuna ke Tiga di Denpasar, Bali Indonesia pada 22 Ogos 1989.

3. Kajian perbandingan penggunaan payao selinder di perai­ran Terengganu 1988. Laporan telah dibentangkan di Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989 di Melaka pada 27 Jun 1989.

5.111 A preliminary study of the suitability of Sematan area for Tiger Prawn Farming. Mohammed Mohidin, (March, 1989)

5.112 Aquaculture Practice in Sabah (with emphasis on Prawn farming in Tawau). George Chong and Mohammed Mohidin.

5.113 Some Aspects of the Biology and Fishery of Jellyfish found along the Coast of Sarawak. Richard Rumpet.

5.114 Report on first trial trip for Artificial Fertilization of Terubok. Yong Ai Hua.

5.115 Distribution and Biological Status of the Pelagic Resources of Sarawak. Hadil bin Rajali and Richard Rumpet.

5.116 Bottom Trawl Gear Development in the offshore waters of Sarawak Malaysia. Albert Chuang Gambang and George Chong Chiaw Min.

5.117 Perikanan Terubok Di Sarawak. Hadil bin Rajali.

5.118 Tenualosa (Terubok) Biology Survey in Sarawak. Hadil bin Rajali Yong Ai Hua and FAO Terubok Investigation Team 1988.

5.119 Some aspects of the Biology of Catfishes, hIius truncatus (C & V) and Ari\l§. ~gel<:Lt:&§. (Val.) in the sungai Salak Mangrove Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia. Pang Suh Cem.

96

6. NEW STAFF/TRANSFERS/RESIGNATIONS

A. FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, GLUGOR, PENANG

6.1 Encik Khamarulszaman b. Hashim reported for duty at IPP on 3.1.89 as Kelasi on K.K. "MERSUJI".

6.2 Dr. William S. Alevizon, an artificial expert from us reported for duty on early October, 1989.

6.3 Encik Sadu Singh a/I Sucha Singh PTA reported for duty at IPP on 7.1.89.

6.4 Encik Abu Hassan Ismail, J/injin T/Khas retired on 23.1.89.

6.5 Encik Adam b. Kayat Pegawai Perikanan (Jurutera) reported for duty at IPP on 1.3.89.

6.6 Encik Hussain b. Othman, Serang T/Teringgi retired on 18.4.89.

6.7 Sayed Sahabuddin b. Sayed Alwi transferred to PPL Sarawak as PPP T/Kanan on 15.8.89.

6.8 6.9

6.10

Encik Tajuddin b. Kassim Jaga retired on 18.10.89. Encik Teoh Lai Teong reported for duty at IPP on 11.8.89.

Encik Abd. Manaf b. Daud transferred to PPSIM Terengganu on 11.8.89.

6.11 Encik Jamil Azhar b. Shiekh Awab transferred from Ekologi Section to Resource section on 1.10.89.

6.12 Encik Mazlan b. Johari transferred from Resource Section to Ekologi section on 1.10.89.

6.13 Encik Mohd Yusof Abdullah, Serang T/B reported for duty at IPP on 16.10.89.

97

B. NATIONAL PRA¥TN FRY PRODUCTION & RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAH

6.14 Senior Clerk Md Salleh Bin Abdul Hamid was transferred to Department of Prison, Pulau Jerjak, Penang on 1 Jan. ,1989.

6.15 The post of Senior Clerk was filled by Puan siti Rokiah bt Hj Abdullah from the Makmal Oiagnosa, Jabatan Haiwan But­terworth, on 10 Jan., 1989.

6.16 Mr T. Yoshimitsu, Japanese Expert attached to the left on completion of his two year stay on April,1989.

Centre early

6.17 General worker Abdul Rashid Nasir resigned on 1 June, 1989.

6.18 General worker Azizan Aziz resigned on 1 Aug., 1989.

6.19 Pond Keeper, Encik Butat Solat went on optional retirement on 2 Aug., 1989.

6.20 Temporary Driver Abdul Manap bin Abdullah resigned on 15 Dec., 1989 to join the Prison Department as a Warden.

6.21 Temporary worker, Encik Bukhari Bakar resigned on 30 Dec., 1989 to become a Police Constable.

C. FRESHWATER FISH RESEARCH CENTRE, BATU BERENDAM, MELAKA

6.22 En. Nik Razali Nik Lah, Pegawai Perikanan, was transferred to PPIAL, Tg. Demong, Terengganu on 15.07.89.

6.23 Encik Edwin Arthur, Pembantu Perikanan Tkt. Khas, retired from service on 29.08.89, after serving FFRC for 32 years.

6.24 Encik Zulkafli Abdul Rashid, Pegawai Perikanan, was trans­ferred to Fisheries HQ, Kuala Lumpur on 15.09.89, though he still remains in the staff of FFRC. He is expected to carry out research in Taman Pertanian, Shah Alam.

6.25 Encik Suhairi Alimon, Pegawai Perikanan, reported at FFRC, on 01.12.89, following a transfer from HQ. He has been assigned to carry out studies on culture of Udang Galah.

for duty Fisheries the pond-

6.26 Encik Zainal Abidin Sabtu, Pembantu Am Rendah, resumed duties at FFRC on 01.12.89, after having completed a course in Mass Communicaton at MARA Institute of Technology for about 3 years.

98

7. VISITS/VISITORS

A. FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, GLUGOR, PENANG

7.1 Mr. C.A. Angell (BOBP) visited IPP on 20.1.89, 3.3.89, 20.4.89, 18.7.89 and 27.11 - 1.12.89.

7.2 Dr. N.C. Gillespie, Mr. John Russell, Dr. Clive Keenan and Dr. Ian Anderson (all from Fisheries Research Branch, Department of Primary Industries, Australia) visited IPP on 16.2.1989.

7.3 Mr. Hiroaki Yonesaka (SEAFDEC) visited IPP on 8.3.1989.

7.4 Dr. H. Yanagawa from SEAFDEC visited IPP Glugor on 23.3.89.7.5 Dr. Carlito Barril from The Institute of Chemistry University of the Philippines 28.4.1989.

7.5 Mr Yasuyuki Tanaka, Embassy of Japan, Kuala Lumpur visited IPP on 3.3.89.

7.6 Mr. Olle Bolthias and Mr. Peter Fungard from S.I.D.A. visited IPP on 12.5.1989.

7.7 Dr. M. J. Phillips and Dr. Kamoruporn Tonguthai from NACA visited IPP on 27.6.1989.

7.8 Dr. Sivasubramaniam from 31.7.89.

BOBP visited IPP Glugor on

7.9 Dr. David Jones from the University of Wales, U.K. visited the IPP on 18.8.1989.

7.10 Mr. Cunningham (Member of Parliament, Western Australia) and his wife visited the IPP on 6.10.1989.

7.11 Dr. Janice Warren from the James Cook University, Townsville, Australia visited IPP on 7.11.1989.

7.12 Mr. L.O. Engvall (BOBP), Mr. A. McNaughton (IDRC) and Gary Newkirk (Dalhousie University, Halifax) visited on 1.12.1989.

99

Dr. IPP

B. NATIONAL PRAWN FRY PRODUCTION & RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAR

7.13 The evaluation team for the Grant Aid Programme, JICA, consisting of Prof. Makoto Ohmori, from the Tokyo Univer­sity of Fisheries, Mr. Isamu Naka, JICA, Tadishi Kunieda, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Shiego Kobayashi, Consultant, and Mr Goto from the Japanese Embassy, visited the Centre on 22 Feb., 1989.

7.14 Encik Mazlan Jusof, Timbalan Ketua Pengarah Perikanan, visited the Centre on 18 Jan., 1989. He was accompanied by Encik Ong Kah Sin, the Director of Research.

7.15 JICA arranged for a press tour of the Centre 1989. Besides Bernama, representatives from Times, Star, Berita Harian, Utusan Malaysia, Jit Poh were present.

on 28 the

and

Feb., straits Nanyang

7.16 Encik Cheah Eng Kean, Senior Fisheries Officer, led a team of consultants responsible for the design of the new Tan­jung Demong Finfish Hatchery, to the Centre to explore the possibility of incorporating some of the features of NAPFRE into the new hatchery.

7.17 A group of officers of the Centre, led by Encik V. Palanis­amy, visited the newly opened Poultry Disease Centre of the Department of Veterinary, Ipoh to have a look of the facil­ities available for disease studies on early July, 1989.

7.18 Mr Aoki, Mikami and Hayashi from JICA, Tokyo, visited the Centre on 16 May, 1989.

7.19 Y. Bhg. Dato' Shahrom Bin Hj. Abdul Majid, the Director­General of Fisheries, Malaysia, and a team of senior officers from Fisheries Headquarters, Encik Ong Kah Sin, and Encik Yusoff othman, the State Director of Fisheries, Kedah/Perlis visited the Centre on 23 May, 1989.

7.20 Dr Ragis Bador, IFREMER, Tahiti, visited the Centre on 3 June, 1989.

7.21 The official opening ceremony of the Centre was held on 5 Jun., 1989 with the Minister of Agriculture unveiling the plaque. Among others, the Director General of Fisheries, senior officers from Fisheries Headquarters and Fisheries Research Institute, the Ambasssdor of Japan, senior

100

officials of JICA from both Tokyo and Kuala Lumpur, representatives from System Science, Kajima, District Officer of the Kuala Muda District, state dignitaries, representatives of the corporate sector and the village folk attended the ceremony. Altogether about 600 people were present.

7.22 Encik Ong Kah Sin, Director of Research, came to the Centre to officially declare open the International Training Courses on Marine Shrimp Hatchery Operation and Management, and Introduction to Brackishwater Aquaculuture on the 5 Nov., 1989. He was accompanied by Encik Yosoff Othman, the State Director of Fisheries, Kedah/Perlis.

7.23 Mr John Branford, consultant to the Ministry of Education, visited the Centre on 21 June, 1989. The Ministry was looking into the feasibility of setting up a vocational school for aquaculture to cater for the need for middle level personnel for the fast growing aquaculture industry.

7.24 Mr E.T. Lim and Erik Van Ballaer from Artemia System, Belgium, visited the Centre on 2 July, 1989.

7.25 Mr Kazuo Okabe, Resident Representative, JICA, Malaysia, visited the Centre on 4 July, 1989 .

• 7.26 Dr. David Jones, University of Wales, visited the Centre on

19 Aug., 1989.

7.27 Mr Ted Cunningham, MP ·from Western Australia, and wife, visited the Centre on 5 Oct., 1989.

7.28 Encik S.H. Cheah and Hj Ahmad Mustaffa Mustaal, from Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang, visited the Centre on 10 Oct., 1989.

7.29 Dr Leong Tat Seng, Universiti Sians Malaysia, visited the Centre on 16 Oct., 1989.

7.30 Encik Sulaiman Abu Bakar, State Director of Fisheries, Selangor, and Encik Abdullah Abdul Rahim operations Manager of PKPS Aquqculture Sdn Bhd visited the~entre to request for assistance in the setting up of a hatchery for the company.

7.31 Madam Lindsay Trott from the Australian Institute of Marine Science, visited the C~ntre on 22 Nov., 1989. She was accompanied by Dr Ong Jin Eong and Dr Gong Wooi Khoon of USM.

101

C. FRESHWATER FISH RESEARCH CENTRE, BATU BERENDAM, MELAKA

7.32 Mr. John Ho, Assistant Director' (Inland Fisheries), Department of Agriculture, Sarawak, visited on 16.02.89.

7.33 Dr. H.R. Schmitto, University of Auburn, Alabama, U.S.A. visited on 17.03.89

7.34 Dr. Naman Rudayat, Director of Fisheries, Riau, Indonesia, visited the Centre on 25.05.89.

7.35 Dr. Leonard Young, Aquaculture Development Programme, Honolulu, Hawaii, visited the Centre on 27.05.89.

7.36

7.37

Prof. T.K. Mukherjee, Institute (I.P.T.), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Centre on 12.07.89.

of Advanced Studies Lumpur, visited the

Dr. Ian Fairne, curtin University of Institute of Agriculture, Northam, W. the Centre on 12.07.89 ..

Technology, Australia,

Muresk visited

7.38 Prof. V.K. Rajbanshi, Department of Limnology and Fisheries, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Udaipur, India, visited the Centre on 19.09.89.

7.39 Dr. Marcel Machiels and Dr. Van Densen, Wageningen Agricultural University, Department of Fish Culture and Fisheries, The Netherlands, visited the Centre on 21.11.89.

7.40 Dr. Nicholas Munong, Member of Parliament for Rajang, Sarawak, visited the Centre on 11.12.89.

7.41 Prof. C.H. Fernando, Department of Biol;gy, University of Waterloo, ontario, Canada, visited the Centre on 13.12.89.

102

8. MEETINGS/SEMINARS/LECTURES/TRAINING

staff of the Institute attended various meetings, seminars, . lectures and training courses both at local and international

levels. Some of the more important activities are listed as

follows

8.1 Encik Ong Kah Sin telah menghadiri:

Mesyuarat J/K Perancang Jabatan Perikanan dan Mesyuarat Pengurusan Jabatan Perikanani

Seminar on "Advances in Fisheries & Marine Sciences - The JICA/FPSS (UPM) Experience". UPM, Serdang, 10-11 March 1989. (As Chairman of Aquaculture Session).

Bay of Bengal Fisheries Programme Workshop on Artemia, Madras, 4-5 May 1989.

Seminar on Marine Sciences & Technologies - opportunities for Venture Investments. Singapore, 29-31 May 1989.

FAO/France Mollusc Workshop, France, 15-28 october 1989.

Malaysian Society of Marine Sciences Seminar on "Research Priorities for Marine Science in the 1990's". University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 18 November, 1989.

MARICULTURE UNIT, IPP, PENANG

8.2 Puan Choo Poh Sze was away for the whole of 1989 attending an M.Sc (Nutritional science) course in~the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, under the sponsorship of the Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship & Fellowship Committee.

8.3 Encik Ng Fong Oon attended:

6th session BOBP and 13th Advisory Committee of BOBP Meeting at Orchid Hotel from 23.1 - 28.1.1989.

103

BOBP/IDRC/USM/IPP meeting on how to cooperate in oyster research projects in Malaysia on 29.4.1989.

Asean Bivalve Symposium at Dagupan city, Pangasingan, Philippines from 6-16 November, 1989.

8.4 Encik Ramli Saad attended:

A study tour on seaweed culture in India and Sri Lanka from 27.5.89 - 13.6.89.

Seminar on Gracilaria Production and utilization in the Bay Of Bengal from 23.10. 27.10.89 in Songkhla, Thailand.

8.5 Encik Ali Awang attended the General Aquaculture training course in Japan under the sponsorship of JICA from March -June 1989.

8.6 Encik Kamal Zaman Mohamed attended the valves at Dagupan City, Philippines from

symposium on Bi-4.11 - 16.11.89.

8.7 Md. Akhir b. Arshad attended the meeting on the preparation for the training course on Fish Quality Control sponsored by ASEAN/Australia on 18.4.89 and 21.4.89.

8.8 cik Devakie Nair attended the System Course held in Japan

Marine Ranch (Marine from 7.8 - 28.11.89.

Farm)

8.9 En. Munir Haji Mohd. Nawi attended the Training course on Nutrition in the Philippines from 11.8 - 28.10.89.

RESOURCE SECTION, IPP, PENANG

8.10 Encik Lui Yean Pong telah menghadiri:

IOMAC Meeting of Legal and Fisheries Experts di Jakarta, Indonesia pada 19.1.89 - 24.1.89.

BOBC/BOBP Advisory Meeting di P. Pinang pada 26-28.1.89.

Bengkel "Tuna Research" Western Pacific Fisheries Consul­tative Committee di Manila, Filipina pada 3-7.4.89.

Membentang maklumat-maklumat sumber perikanan laut dalam

104

8.11

di Seminar Perikanan Laut Dalam Di Zon Ekslusif Ekonomi, di Kuala Lumpur pada 20.5.89.

Membentang kertas di Seminar Pembangunan Perikanan Laut Dalam Sarawak, di Kuching pada 21.6.89.

Perbincangan dan pemeriksaan kapal penyelidik Negeri Thai R/V "CHULABHORN" di SEAFDEC, Bangkok pada 25-28.7.89.

Bengkel "Penaeid Prawn Recruitment Programme" IOC/WESTPAC di Phuket, Thailand pada 25-30.9.89.

Puan Chee Phaik Ean attended:

"IPTP Training Course on stock Assessment" <md "Workshop on Small Tuna in the Gulf of Thailand & the East Coast of P. Malaysia", di Bangkok, on 23-28.1.89.

Seminar sumber perikanan laut dalam di Zon Eklusif Ekonomi (ZEE) Malaysia di Kuala Lumpur pada 20.5.89.

Seminar pembangunan perikanan laut dalam Sarawak, di Kuching pada 21.6.89.

Mesyuarat Ke-l0 ASEAN-COFAF CgFI di Kuala Lumpur pada 24.7.89 - 27.7.89.

- "ITP Third Southeast Asian Tuna Conference" di Bali, Indonesia pada 22.8.89 - 24.8.89.

8.12 Encik Mansor Mat Isa telah menghadiri:

8.13

8.14

8.15

Kursus "Aquatic ecosystem and their fisheries resources Management" di Bogor, Indonesia pada 13.6.89 - 19.7.89.

Sedang mengikuti kursus M.Sc. di united Kingdom mulai 19.12.89 untuk 2 tahun.

Encik Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin sedang mengikuti kursus M.Sc. di UK mulai 25.9.89 untuk 1 tahun.

Encik Mohd. Taupek b. Hj. Mohd. Nasir telah menghadiri "loth Asian Conference On Remote Sening" di Kuala Lumpur pada 22.11.89 - 29.11.89.

En. Alias b. Man telah menghadiri Bengkel "Penaeid prawn recruitment programme" IOC/WESTPAC di Phuket, Thailand pada 25.9.89 - 30.9.89.

105

ECOLOGY SECTION, IPP, PENANG

8.16 Cik Wan Portiah attended:

Mesyuarat-mesyuarat mengenai Pemilihan "Artificial Reef Monitoring Expert": ADB-MAL Fisheries Research & Development Project.

Mesyuarat-mesyuarat mengenai "Artificial Reef Project: ADB-MAL Fisheries Resource Enhancement".

seminar Pengendalian & Pemerosesan: Aspek Utama Pemasaran Perikanan di Malaysia 27-28.3.89 K. Lumpur.

8.17 Mr Edward Wong Fai Hung attended:

ASEAN - Auatralia National Workshop 4-6 Jan, Genting Highlands Pahang.

Meeting ASEAN-Australia Technical Committee, Dept. of Environment, Kuala Lumpur.

Conference and Exhibition "AQUARIUM", World Trade Centre Singapore 14 - 19 June.

8.18 Cik Shahunthala Devi attended:

Short Course in Atomic Spectroscopy, SIRIM, K. Lumpur 25/4/89.

GBC Seminar on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Penang 12/6/89.

aJ:d uV-Visible

UNEP-COBSEA July 1989.

Training Course on Trace Metal Analyses Dept of Environment, K. Lumpur.

4-8

8.19 In Mohd. Kushairi Rajuddin attended:

Seminar Teknologi sains Laut Australia, K. Lumpur 9/2/89.

Australia, Kedutaan

Mesyuarat JK Kebangsaan Hutan Paya Laut di Taiping, Perak 3-4 Mac 1989.

8.20 En Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah attended:

The First International Aquarium Fish & Accessories Exhibition & Conference, World Track Centre, singapore 14 - 19 June 1989.

First Regional Meeting of Senior Marine Park Managers from East Asian Seas countries in Trengganu 23 Oct 3 Nov 1989.

106

Kursus Remote Sensing di South Australian Remote Sensing, Adelaide, S. Australia 16/12/89.

center 10/11/89

for

8.21 In Abdul Razak Latun attended:

Seminar "Remote Sensing" di Jabatan Perikanan K.Lumpur.

Mesyuarat UNEP-COBSEA bagi Ranger Kanan Taman Laut di Terengganu 29 Okt - 3 Nov 1989.

NATIONAL PRAWN FRY PRODUCTION & RESEARCH CENTRE, KEDAR

8.22 Encik Liong Pit Chong attended:

8.23

a study tour on prawn culture in Japan, from 27 Jan. to 16 Feb., 1989. The tour was sponsored by JICA.

the Seminar on New Technologies in Aquaculture' at the Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur held on 17 Aug., 1989.

Puan ture June,

Faazaz Ab. Latif attended a meeting on sea weed cul­at the Kedah Development Office, Alor Setar on 10 1989.

8.24 Encik V. Palanisamy attended the Seminar on Progress and Poblems of Shrimp culture with particular Emphasis on Small Scale Hatcheries in Bangkok, held from 12 to 16 Sept., 1989 The seminar was organised by FAO.

8.25 Encik Mohamad Hatta Mahmud attended a training course on Prawn Propagation Technique, in sterling University, U.K. from 9 Nov., to 27 Dec., 1989, sponsored by the British Council.

8.26 Encik Mohd Fariduddin attended a computer course on Intro­duction to Lotus 123 , held in INTAN, sungai Petani from 16 to 21 Dec" 1989.

8.27 cik Safiah Sayuti attended a training COuTse on the Culture of Live Food organisms, Iloilo, Philippines, from 11 April to 9 May, 1989 sponsored by SEAFDEC.

8.28 Encik Mesran Surip attended a training course on Prawn Hatchery Operation and Management from 1 Aug. to 19 Sept., 1989, held in Iloilo, Philippines sponssored by SEAFDEC.

107

FRESHWATER FISH RESEARCH CENTRE, MELAKA

8.29 Encik A. A. Jothy attended

8.30

Meeting on ASEAN-EC Aquaculture Development Component 2 Development or Reservoir Fisheries HQ, Kuala Lumpur on 26.01.89.

Project Fisheries,

Seminar on Advances in Fisheries and Marine Sciences the JICA/FPSS Experience, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang from 10.03.89 to 11.03.89. (Also attended by PP Thalthiah Hj.saidin)

Meeting on the programme, Office 09.09.89.

Batu of

Berendam the State

airport Secretary,

development Melaka on

Aquarium Fish Seminar, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur on 12.09.89. (also attended by Chuah Hean Peng)

Chuah Fish '89) , 1989.

Hean Peng attended the First International Aquarium and Accessories Exhibition and Conference (AQUARAMA

World Trade Centre, Singapore, on 15th to 18th, June,

8.31 Puan Thalathiah Hj. Saidin attended the Forum on New Tech­nologies in Aquaculture, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur, on 17.08.89.

8.32

8.33

Encik Chuah Hean Peng and En. Nik Razali Nik Lah the briefing on the use of COS-ISIS by BRAIS, IPP, 14-17 March, 1989.

Puan siti Azamah Hj. Mustapha attended the Training on the Culture of Natural Food organisms, SEAFDEC, Philippines, 11 April-09 May, 1989.

attended Penang,

course Iloilo,

8.34 Encik Omar Hj. Abd. Basid attended the Kursus Induksi Pembantu Perikanan, ILPM, Batu Maung, Penang, 22 July - 16 December, 1989.

8.35 Training conducted at FFRC for others

Training by attachment for 3rd year ~Fisheries Diploma students from Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang; 08 February - 06 March, 1989. (5 trainees)

Training course on the Taxonomic Identification of Fresh­water Ornamental Fish for staff of the Fisheries and Cus­toms Departments; 27-28 February, 1989. (17 trainees)

Training by attachment for 3rd year B.S. (Fisheries) stu­dents from Universiti Perrtanian Malaysia; 24 April-19 May,

108

1989. (2 trainees)

Training by attachment of an armed forces personnel from Terendak Camp; 27 June-10 July, 1989. (1 trainee)

Training by attachment of an officer from the Inland Fish­eries Branch of the Sarawak Dept. of Agriculture (Mr. Philip Wong); 2 September-31 October, 1989. (1 trainee)

Training of students from Institut Technologi MARA, Shah Alam; 18 September, 1989. (5 trainees)

BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE RESEARCH CENTRE, JOHOR

8.36 En. Hambal Hj.Hanafi dan En. Ismail Abu Hassan menghadiri 'Third-In Country Meeting For The Development Of A Coastal Resources Management Plan' di Awana Golf and country Club, Genting Highland, Pahang pada 28hb. Februari - 2hb. Mac 1989.

8.37 En. Hambal Hj.Hanafi menghadiri mesyuarat 'ASEAN-USAID Coastal Resource Management Project' di Universiti Sains Malaysia, P.Pinang pada 6hb. - 9hb. September 1989.

8.38 En.Hambal Coastal Insitute September

Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri mesyuarat 'ASEAN-USAID Resource Management Project' di Forestry Research Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor pada 12hb. 13hb.

1989.

8.39 En. Ismail Abu Hassan menghadiri Mesyuarat Tender Makanan Udang di Kementerian Pertanian, Kuala Lumpur pada 28hb. Oktober 1989.

8.40 En. Rosly Hassan menghadiri mesyurat Jawatankuasa Pertanian dan Perikanan Trengganu di Kuala Trengganu untuk memberi taklimat mengenai Kajian Potensi Ternakan Udang Harimau di Trengganu pada 3hb. November 1989.

8.41 En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri Persidangan Tahunan Pegawai-Pegawai Perikanan Kanan Malaysia di Kuching, Sara­wak pada 26 - 29 Disember 1989.

8.42 En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri seminar 'Australia's Capabilities In Marine Sciences and Technology' di Austra­lian High Commission, Kuala Lumpur pada 9hb. Februari 1989.

8.43 En.Chuah Toh Thye telah menghadiri Seminar STAFAC/Virginia­mycin di Holiday Villa, Kuala Lumpur pad a 23hb. Februari 1989.

8.44 En.Chuah Toh Thye dan En.Azmi Abd.Rahman tel<lh menghadiri Seminar GADELIUS/Pam Air di Holiday Inn, Joh0r Bahru pada 1hb. Mac 1989.

109

8.45 En.Chuah Toh Thye telah menghadiri Seminar Advances in Fisheries and Marine Sciences -The JICA/FPSS (UPM) Experi­ences di Malacca Village Resort, Melaka pada 10hb - 11 hb. Mac 1989.

8.46

8.47

En.Chuah Toh Thye, En.Rosly Hassan, En. Ismail dan En.Ramli Khamis telah menghadiri Seminar Perikanan Ke 2 di Ramada Hotel, Melaka pada 11hb. Jun 1989.

Abu Hassan Penye1idikan

10hb. hingga

En.Chuah Toh Thye telah menghadiri Seminar shrimp Management and Nutrition di Holiday Inn, Johor Bahru 14hb. Julai 1989.

Pond pada

8.48 En.Hambal Hanafi, En. Ismail Abu Hassan dan En.Ramli Khamis telah menghadiri Forum Teknologi Baru Dalam Akuakultura di Pusat Dagangan Putra, Kuala Lumpur pada 17hb. Ogos 1989.

8.49 En.Chuah Toh Thye telah menghadiri 'Workshop On Handling, Transportation and Upgrading Quality of Aquaculture Products di Cebu city, Philippines pada 28-30.8.1989.

8.50 En. Hambal Hanafi menghadiri 'The lOth Asian Conference On Remote Sensing ' di PWTC, K. Lumpur pada 23-29.11.89.

8.51 En.Ramli Khamis telah menghadiri taklimat Pe:1ggunaan CDS­ISIS oleh BRAIS di Institut Penyelidikal! Perikanan, P.Pinang pada 14hb.-17hb. Mac 1989.

8.52 En. Ismail bu Hassan telah menghadiri bengkel 'Remote ing' anjuran Pusat Remote Sensing, Fakulti Ukur, UTM 13hb. - 15hb. Jun 1989.

Sens­pada

8.53 En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri kursus 'Remote Sensing Technology' di Jepun selamam 2.5 bulan iaitu daripada 11hb.Mei - 14hb.Julai 1989.

8.54 PPTAP telah memberi:

1. Latihan ama1i selamam 2 minggu kepada Pembantu Perikanan di PPTAP, Gelang Patah pada 11hb. - 23hb. Mac 1989.

2. En.Ahmad Fuad Ismail telah menjalani latihan PPTAP, Gelang Patah 2hb.Disember 1989.

dan En.Rosli Ismail daripada LKIM 'Teknik Memproses Pelet Udang' di daripada 25hb.September hingga

3. Latihan amali kepada penuntut-penuntut Universiti Perta­nian Malaysia dari masa ke semasa.

110

PUSAT PENY. SUMBER IKAN MARIN, TERENGGANU

8.55 Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar telah menghadiri:

1. Mesyuarat Bulanan Pegawai IPP pada 24 Jun 1989, 22 Julai 1989, 25 Ogos 1989, 30 September 1989, 21 Oktober 1989, 25 Nobember 1989 dan 16 Disernber 1989.

2. Mesyuarat Bulanan Ketua-Ketua Seksyen PPN Terengganu pada 17 Jun 1989, 22 Julai 1989, 8 Oktober 1989 dan 26 Nobember 1989.

3. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989, 27-29 Jun 1989, Melaka.

4. FAO/DANIDA Seminar on Fishery Research Management, 11-23 September 1989, Phuket, Thailand.

5. UNEP-COBSEA 1st Regional Meeting for Senior Marine Park Managers of East Asian Seas, 23.10 - 3.11.89, Terengganu.

8.56 En. Abdul Hamid bin Yasin telah menghadiri:

1. Mesyuarat Bulanan Pegawai IPP pada 25 Januari 1989, 25 Februari 1989 dan 25 Mach 1989.

2. Mesyuarat "Expert Group Consultation on Tuna Assess­ment", 19-21 Jun 1989,Fiji.

3. Mesyuarat BulananKetua-Ketua Seksyen PPN Terengganu pada 7 Januari 1989, 12 Februari 1989 dan 25 Mei 1989.

4. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 27-29 Jun 1989, Melaka.

8.57 En. Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim telah menghadiri:

1. Mesyuarat Bulanan Ketua-ketua Seksyen PPN Terengganu pada 24 Disember 1989.

8.58 En. Sulkarno bin Wag imam telah menghadiri:

1. Mesyuarat Bulanan Ketua-Ketua Seksyen PPN Terengganu pada 7 Januari 1989, 25 Mei 1989 dan 17 Jun 1989.

2. Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Kerja Penyu PPN Terengganu pada 15 Januari 1989, 13 Mach 1989 dan 6 April 1989.

3. Mesyuarat Bulanan Pegawai IPP pada 25 Ogos 1989.

4. Mesyuarat Februari 1989 dan

Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu 20 Disember 1989.

pada

5. Mesyuarat Pembanguan PPN Terengganu pada 29.4.1989.

20

6. Mesyuarat Penggubalan Peraturan Mengenai Penyu PPN

111

MelakajNegeri Sembilan pad a 22 Nobember 1989.

7. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 27-29 Jun 1989, Melaka.

8.59 Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan telah menghadiri:

1. Seminar dan workshop "Small Tunas In The Gulf of Thai­land and East Coast of Peninsular 'Malaysia' dari 23 - 28 Januari 1989 di Bangkok, Thailand.

2. Mesyuarat pukat tunda bergu di PPN Kuantan pada 3.3.89.

3. Seminar" Seminar on Advances In Fisheries And Marine Sciences- FPSSjJICA Experiences" di Melaka pada 10-11.3.89.

4. Mesyuarat kajian dayamaju perikanan di PPN Kuantan pada 10 Jun 1989.

5. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan 1989 di Melaka pada 27 - 29 Jun 1989.

6. Menghadiri mesyuarat seksi sumber di IPP Penang pada 21hb. Julai 1989

7. Menghadiri bengkel pengawasan udara maritim di Subang dari 25 - 28 Jun 1989.

8. Menghadiri Persidangan Tuna yang ketiga di Denpasar Bali, Indonesia dari 22 - 24 Ogos 1989.

9. Menghadiri kursus"'Training Course In Computer tion For Tuna Data Base Manegement di Colombo, Sri pada 16 - 27 Oktober 1989

Opera­Lanka

10. Menghadiri taklimat tukun tiruan ADB di Penang pada 9 November 1989.

PUSAT PENY. PERIKANAN LAUT, SARAWAK

8.60 En. George Chong Chiaw Min attended:

1. seminar Pembangunan Perikanan Laut Dalam on 21 June, 1989, Hilton Hotel, Kuching.

2. Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan held in Melaka on 28-30 June, 1989.

3. Seminar on Fishery Research Management Phuket, Thai­land, 11-22 September, 1989.

4. Persidangan Tahunan Pegawai-Pegawai Perikanan Kanan, 26-29 Disember, 1989 Kuching, Sarawak.

112

8.61 En. Albert Chuang Gambang attended:

1. Kursus Pengenalan kepada komputer, 20-25 FLbruary, 1989, Kuching.

2. loth Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, 23-29 October, 1989, Kuala Lumpur.

, 8.62 En. Mohammed Mohidin attended the Marine Finfish Hatchery

Course in Iloilo, Philippines, from 11 Jul.- 4 Sep., 1989.

8.63 En. Hadil bin Rajali is currently pursuing MSc. in Science, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K. October, 1989 to 2 October, 1990.

Marine from 3

8.64 En. Benjamin Lai attended a Marine Engineering Course in SEAFDEC, Samutprakarn, Thailand from 18 April, 1988 to 18 April, 1989.

8.65 En. Hussein Rosli attended a Regional Training Course in Fishfinder and Fishing Accessories in SEAFDEC Training Centre, Samutprakarn, Thailand from 22.5.89 - 1.6.89.

8.66 The following staff attended a Diving Course on 18-27.9.89 conducted by Sin Loong Hua Diving School, Kuching:

OKS 900828

i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi)

Ismaili bin Bujang Aliman Mohammed Michael Riong Gaing Rani Kahald Nasir Lolot Dominic Ranjef.

113

Appendix ~

Address of Fisheries Research Institute and Its Branches

Head Office:

Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia, 11700 Gelugur, Penang. Tel. No: 04-881777; 04-881941. Fax No: 04-872323.

Branches:

National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kampong Pulau Sayak, 08500 Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah. Tel. No: 04-474021; 04-474022; 04-474023.

Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, 75350 Batu Berendam, Melaka. Tel. No: 06-223499.

Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, 81550 Gelang Patah, Johor. Tel. No: 07-501202.

Marine Fish Resource Research centre, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-625266.

Marine Finfish Breeding Centre, Tanjong Demong, 22200 Besut, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-976778.

Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa, 93744 Kuching, Sarawak. Tel. No: 082-331281.

114

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40

C.ARTA ORGA'l!SASl INSTITUT PENYELIDIKAN PERIKANAN MALAYSIA, 1989

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Peg. Prk. T/Kn.(J'tcra) Peg. Prk. T IF;

Pen. Peg. Prk. TIB i(aptcn T/B

P~·m. "''lie T /Kh.

Pern. Nak. TI8 Pcw. Prk. liB

J/E. LtlUt TIT

J/E. Li'Jut T IKh.

JIE. [;Jut T/I(n.

S"rang Tn Sc ["2:n9 T IKh.

"~t. ~~ak. T/Kh.

At. ~i8k. T 18 ,Jurufl1l;di T IB

°c:.nj vl(l.H1" Iknn

Kelasi

1. Aku;lriLr.n

Pem.J/E. Lout TIB

- 3 Peg. Prk. Kn. TIT "Gil

- 5 Peg. Prk. 1/Kn. Peg. Prl<. T/B.

-27 Pen. Peg. Prk. T/B.

7 Pem. Telmi k

rem. Prk. TIB. I. Pem. Mak.

·j9 Pye. Star T/B.

5 At. Mak. 2 Peg. Karan; Kn.

Peg. Karani B. 3 PegR Kerani Ren.

Penjaga Pejabat

Paj. Kolam 2 Tukang K2 TIB

-13 Pekt~r j a Am 4

2

- 4 -11

8

3

128

- 1

- 2

9

4

7

t.

·12

3

3

2

6

-11

73

Pe[J.Pr'k.Kn.T/T HG"

Peg.Prk.T/Kn. Peg.Prk.T/B Pon. Pog.Prk.T/Kn. Pen. P{'g.Prk.T/B Pem. Prk. T/Kh. Pem. Prk. TIB Pye. Stat TIB Peg. KerBn; Am i(n.

Peg. Kerani Am B.

Pem. Ren. Prk.

Jurutaip T/B. Oper". Telefon

·At. ~1ak.

Pctayan Pej ..

Tubm9 K2 T IKn.

T l;k ilng K2 rIB.

Tukang U T 18.

Pe-fnandu

Fekerjf.l Am

Ringkasan Bilangan Jawatan IPP 1989 (Mengikut 8.19);

Kump. A

I(ump. B

Kump. C

Kump. D

Jumlah:

Glugor Pulau

39 8

48

74

169

Sayak

12

5 14

42

73

Batu G.Patah Kuala Jumlah BintnwB Juml.ah B~rendam T'gganu Kecil S/M Sarawak Baser

12

9

27

56

104

5

2

7

24

38

i,

11

15

30

72

24

107

211

414

11

31

43

[\5

83

24

138

254

499

=======~:~===========:=======================;=========:~==================

-1

- 1

-10

8

4

-18

- 1

3

2

3

1

4

1

- 4 3

- 4 -30

104

Peg. Prk. T/Kn. - , Peg. Prk. TIB - 4 Pen. Peg. P,k. - 2 Peg. Kerilni Am I/Kn. Peg. Kernni Am TIB

Pye. Setor TIB Perno Mak. TlB 4

Jurlltaip Jurumudi TIB 1 Penj. Kim. lkan 4 Pelayan rej. At. Mak. 2 Tukang ](3, TIS - 1

J8ga 3

Pekerja Am 8 Pemandu 2 Penj.Jentera Ltr.T/ll-

38

Peg. Prk. T/Kn. Peg.Prk.T/B. Pem.Mak .. TIB. Pem. Prk. T/B.

Jurutekn i k TIEL

,liE. Laut TIT.

- 1

- 3 .. 2

J/E. Laut T/Kh. - 1 J/E. laut T IKn. 1

Serang TIT - 1

Serar.g 1/Kh. - i

Set"<lt'Ig "fIB.

Peg.Kerani Am T/B. - 1 ,Jurutaip

JuruilUdi T 113 . - "I Tukang Masek - 1 Pem.J/E.Laut 2

Kclasi - 4 Mclayan ~

Pekerja Am Pemandu - 1

30

Lampi!'a:! 2

Peg. Pri:. T/Kn. Peg. Prk. PC"IT!.Pr"k. T IKh.

Pem. Prk. T/B.

Pem. M2k. T/Kn.

- i

·10

- 1

4

-10

Peg. Kerani T/B. - 2 Kerani/Jurutoip 2 Serang TIT. - 2 Scrang T/Kh. - ,

Serang T/B. - 3

J/E. Laut T/Kh. - 2 J/E. Laut l/Kn. 2

J IE ~ Lout T IB ~ - 1:'

J'prof.cs Foto - 1 Pelayan Pej. - 1

r~kerja Star - ,

,luf"ulTiudi T liL 4

Pem. J/E. Laut 4

Kelasi -"

At. Mdle - I,

Tukang Masak - 2 Pernbuct Pukat TilL 1

TUKEn~l K2 T IB Tubing K3 TIB

- 1

- 1

JUT'uscl am - 1

JdQa 3 Pencuci Pej. . ,

Pekcrja Am - 5

D0rebel' /4/Bot - 1

Pkj. KIJIl',J. RE'n.

(Sementara Kump. r) - 1

85