This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureauof Economic Research

Volume Title: Individual and Social Responsibility: Child Care, Education,Medical Care, and Long-Term Care in America

Volume Author/Editor: Victor R. Fuchs, editor

Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Volume ISBN: 0-226-26786-5

Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/fuch96-1

Conference Date: October 7-8, 1994

Publication Date: January 1996

Chapter Title: List of Contributors, Indexes

Chapter Author: Victor R. Fuchs

Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c6568

Chapter pages in book: (p. 341 - 354)

Contributors

Henry J . Aaron The Brookings Institution 1775 Massachusetts Avenue Washington, DC 20036

Kenneth J. Arrow Department of Economics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305

Francine D. Blau School of Industrial and Labor Relations Cornell University Ives Hall Ithaca, NY 14853

Martin Feldstein National Bureau of Economic Research 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138

Robert H. Frank Department of Economics Cornell University Uris Hall Ithaca, NY 14853

Victor R. Fuchs National Bureau of Economic Research 204 Junipero Serra Boulevard Stanford, CA 94305

Alan M. Garber Stanford Medical School 204 Junipero Serra Boulevard Stanford. CA 94305

Joseph A. Grundfest Stanford Law School 334 Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305

Henry Hansmann Yale Law School 127 Wall Street New Haven, CT 06520

Eric A. Hanushek Department of Economics 238 Harkness Hall University of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627

Christopher Jencks Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Re-

Northwestern University 2040 Sheridan Road Evanston. IL 60208

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Arleen Leibowitz RAND 1700 Main Street Santa Monica, CA 90401

341

342 Contributors

Seymour Martin Lipset Institute of Public Policy George Mason University 4400 University Drive Fairfax. VA 22030

Glenn C. Loury Department of Economics Boston University 270 Bay State Road Boston. MA 02215

Roger G. No11 Department of Economics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305

James M. Poterba Department of Economics Room E52-350 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 50 Memorial Drive Cambridge, MA 02 139

Paul M. Romer Department of Economics University of California Berkeley, CA 94720

Amartya Sen Department of Economics Littauer Center Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02 138

John B. Shoven School of Humanities and Sciences Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305

Theda Skocpol Department of Sociology William James Hall 470 Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02 138

Timothy Taylor Managing Editor Journal of Economic Perspectives Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public

University of Minnesota 301 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55455

Richard J. Zeckhauser Kennedy School of Government Harvard University 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138

Affairs

Author Index

Aaron,Henry, 11, 110, 114, 117, 131, 132, 133,218,256,283

Abramovitz, Moses, 23 1 Achenbaum, W. Andrew, 214-15.328 Adams, E. Kathleen, 153 Alber, Jens, 3 13 Aldrich, John H., 199, 202 Allais, Maurice, 230 Altman, Lawrence K., 116 Amenta, Edwin, 313, 317, 318 American Hospital Association, 246t. 256,

Apling, Richard, 269 Aron, Raymond, 5 Arrow, Kenneth J., 116, 230, 231, 282

267

Bachman, J., 178 Baker, Paula, 3 16 Ballard, C., 293 Bane, Mary Jo, 309 Barro, Robert J., 63n4,203n4 Bany, Brian M., 201 Baumol, William J., 731120, 179 Becker, E., 293 Becker, Gary S . , 61,210118 Behrman, Jere R., 66 Belsky, Jay, 42 Bennett, William J., 741122 Bensel, Richard F., 326 Berkowitz, Edward D., 328 Bernoulli, Daniel, 230 Bermeta-Clement, J. R., 44 Besley, T., 284

Bishop, John, 65,66, 671115 Blau, David M., 37,46 Blau, Francine M., 43, 55 Blount, Sally, 213 Blumenthal, Sidney, 3 10, 321 Boadway, Robin, 198112 Boardman, A., 293 Bock, Gisela, 332 Boozer, Michael A., 64n8 Boskin, Michael, 175nl Bound, John, 64118 Bowen, William G., 731120, 179 Bowles, Samuel, 651112 Bradburn, N., 178 Brammer, G., 177 Brennan, Geoffrey, 201, 203n3 Brickman, P., 175111 Brook, Robert H., 116 Browning, Martin, 33 Buchanan, James M., 201 Burns, Arthur F., 231 Burtless, Gary, 65n9,79n27 Burwell, Brian O., 153

Cain, Glen G., 33 Calabresi, Guido, 233 Calore, Danil, 260 Camerer, Colin E, 204, 2 12n9 Caplovitz, D., 178 Card, David, 64118, 65119.79, 102 Carliner, Geoffrey, 33 Carter, John R., 212 Cascio, W. F., 178

343

344 Author Index

Casper, Lynne N., 34, 35t, 36, 37 Cates, Jerry R., 196, 214, 215 Caughy, Margaret, 44 Center for Health Economics Research, 158 Cesare, Lauren W., 273 Chaplin, Duncan, 37t, 39 Children’s Defense Fund, 3 10 Chiswick, Barry R., 150 Chubb, J. E., 184, 185, 264 Clarke, Lee, 248n 1 Clarke-Stewart, Alison K., 42,44 Clegg, C. W., 178 Coate, S., 284 Coates, D., 175111 Coelen, Craig, 260 Cohen, Linda, I18 Cohen, Wilbur, 214-16 Cohn, E., 279 Coleman, James S . , 77 Committee for Economic Development, 75,

Congressional Budget Office (CBO), 75, 298 Connelly, Rachel, 37112 Cook, Philip J., 177 Corder, Larry S., 161 Cromwell, Jerry, 116 Curie, Janet, 44 Curtis, Carl, 215-16 Cutler, D., 287118

761123

Daly, Martin, 21 1 Danziger, Sheldon H., 320, 321 Davis, Douglas I?, 212119, 213 Davis, K., 287118, 300 Debreu, Gerard, 230 Derthick, Martha, 196n1, 198, 214, 215, 323,

de Waal, Frans, 21 1 Dick, Andrew, 148, 149t DiPietro, Janet A,, 44 Dixit, Avinash, 272 Downs, Anthony, 201 Duesenberry, J., 175111 Dugan, Dennis J., 66 Dunstan, Shari M., 149

328

Easterlin, Richard, 178115 Edgeworth, Francis Y., 230 Edsall, Mary D., 320 Edsall, Thomas Byme, 320, 32 1 Ehrlich, Isaac, 63 Eide, Eric, 65, 66 Eisenberg, Marlene, 36, 42

Ellis, Kristi, 274 Ellwood, David T., 309 Enthoven, Alain, I32 Estes, Carroll, 248111

Farrell, Philip, 63113 Feldstein, Martin, 112, 136112, 137114, 179 Ferguson, Ronald F., 65, 66 Fiorina, Morris P., 201, 224 Flora, Peter J., 3 I3 Folger, John K., 45 Frank, Robert H., 175111, 177, 178, 187,

190nl, 205116,206117 Fraumeni, Barbara M., 63114 Freeman, Richard B., 64118, 321 Friedman, Milton, 82n36, 216, 285 Fries, James, 160 Fuchs, Victor R., 3,44,49, 63113, 80n3 I , 108,

112, 116, 179, 191,333

Garber, Alan, 115116, 148, 149t. 150, 160 Garfinkel, Irwin, 47, 309, 333 Garrison, Jayne, 274 Gary, W. Phillips, 69 Geanakoplos, John, 210 Geiger, Roger, 269 Geske, T., 279 Gintis, Herbert, 651112 Glantz, Frederic, 260 Gokhale, J., 302 Goldin, Claudia, 61111 Gomick, M., 286 Gottschalk, Peter, 321 Grad, Susan, 158 Gray, Bradford, 246t. 248111, 255, 257,258 Greenley, J., 293 Greenwald, Rob, 77nn24,26,78, 87, 92 Griliches, Zvi, 65n10, 231 Grogger, Jeffrey T., 64n8, 65, 66 Gronau, Reuben, 33 Grossbert, Adam J., 43,55 Grossman, Michael, 210118 Gruber, Jonathan, 49, 136n2,289,291nll Guerette, Stephen D., 212 Guth, W., 176

Hacker, Jacob S., 325 Hamilton, William, 203115 Hansen, W., 2971118 Hansmann, Henry, 246,248n2,249,25 1113,

Hanushek, Eric A., 66, 71n18,72f, 73,74,77, 253114,265,269,292n14

78 ,79 ,8 ln34,86-87, 184,295

345 Author Index

Harbison, Ralph W., 79 Harless, David W., 204 Harsanyi, John C., 222 Hartigan, John A., 66 Hartman, Robert W., 821136 Hartz, Louis, 338 Hauser, Robert M., 64118 Haveman, Robert H., 63113,320 Hawkins, Mary, 34, 3% 36, 37 Heckman, James J., 791127 Heclo, Hugh, 323 Hedges, Larry V., 77111124.26, 78, 87.92 Hedrick, Susan C., 149 Heidenheimer, Arnold J., 3 15 Helbing, Charles, 163 Helson, H., 175111 Henderson, Charles, 44 Henderson, J., 2921113 Hey, John D., 204 Heyneman, Stephen P., 82n35 Himes, C., 287 Hirsch, F., 175111, 177, 190111 Hirschman, Albert 0.. 11, 237 Hirshleifer, Jack, 20516 Hofferth, Sandra L., 37t, 39 Holt, Charles A., 212n9.213 House, J., 178 Houthakker, Hendrik, 235 Howard, Christopher, 3 10 Howes, Carollee, 37, 39, 40n4.49 Hurd, Michael D., 158 Huskamp, Haiden A,, 131

InterStudy, 258 Inui, Thomas S., 149

Jackman, Robert W., 199 Jackson, P. R., 178 Jacobs, Lawrence R., 324 Jamison, Dean T., 651112 Janoff-Bulman, R., 175111 Jaynes, Gerald D., 63116 Jencks, Christopher, 651112 Jimenez, Emmanuei, 821135 Johansen, Anne S., 41 Johnson, D., 153, 156 Johnson, J., 296 Jones, Denise W., 147 Jorgenson, Dale W., 63114 Juhn, Chinhui, 64n8

Kahn, A. J.. 36 Kamerman, S. B., 36

Kane, Robert L., 148 Kane, Thomas, 64n8 Kaplan. Robert M., 147 Katznelson, Ira, 3 I5 Keeler, Emmett B., 148, 288 Kemper, Peter, 148, 149 Kisker, Ellen, 37, 39, 40,246t, 261 Kitzman, Harriet, 44 Klerman. Jacob, 33, 41, 185 Klevorick, Alvin, 265 Kosicki, G., 175111 Kosters, Marvin, 62112 Kotlikoff, L., 302 Kozol, Jonathan, 80 Kronick, Richard, 132 Krueger, Alan, 64118,65119, 79, 102 Kuhlthau, Karen, 45

Laine, Richard D., 77nn24.26, 78, 87,92 Lapointe, Archie E., 69 Lau, Richard, 223-24 Layard, R., 175nl Layne-Farrar, Anne S., 79n27 Lazear, Edward, 28 1 Leibowitz, Arleen, 33, 36, 39, 41, 63n3, 185 Leland, H., 40 Letsch, Suzanne W., 15 1 t Levit, Katherine R., 131 Levy, Frank, 64nn7,8, 65, 66 Light, Paul, 2171110 Lindbeck, Assar, I 1, 2 18 Lindsay, C., 293 Lintner, John, 230 Lipset, Seymour Martin, 339 Liu, Korbin, 159 Lockheed, Marlaine E., 82n35 Lomasky, Loren, 203113 Long, S., 283 Lott, John R., Jr., 2971119 Lucas, Robert E., 63n4 Luft, Harold S., 123

McCormick, Richard L., 3 15 McEvoy, G. M., 178 McGuire, Alistair, 114 McGuire, Michael, 177 McKay, Niccie, 259 McKean, R., 288 Macken, Candace L., 146 McLanahan, Sara, 47, 309 McMahon, Walter W., 62n2 McMurry, Donald, 3 16 McPherson, Michael, 267,268

346 Author Index

MaCurdy, Thomas, 147, 148, 149t, 150, 160 Mann, Thomas E., 2 18 Manning, W. G.. 180 Mansfield, Edwin. 23 1 Manski, Charles E, 65n13, 66 Manton, Kenneth G., 159, 161 Markowitz, Hany, 230 Marquis, M., 283 Marschak, Jacob, 230 Mason, Karen O., 45 Maynard, Rebecca, 39 Mead, Nancy A., 69 Mechanic, David, I80 Meiners, Mark R., 153 Mendelson, Daniel, 13 1 Michael, Robert T., 63113 Mieskowski. P.. 292n 13 Miller. Robert H., 123 Minasian, J., 288 Mitchell, Janet B., I16 Moe, Terry, 184. 185,264 Monroe, Kristen R., 22311 1 Morgenstern, Oskar, 230 Mossin, Jan, 230 Mott. Frank L.. 44 Mulligan, Casey, 210118 Mullin, Stephen P., 81n32 Mundel, David S . , 82n36 Murnane, Richard J., 64nn7,8, 65, 66 Murphy, Kevin, 62n2.64n8.210n8 Murray, Charles, 320 Murtaugh, Christopher M., 148 Muurinen, Jaana-Marja, 147

Nakamura, Alice, 33 Nakamura, Masao, 33 Nam, Charles B., 45 National Bureau of Economic Research

(NBER), 232 National Center for Education Statistics, 94,

97f, 98f. 99f, 100, 103, 104f, 143, 14.5, 159, 246t, 259

National Research Council, 36 Neugebauer, Roger, 260 Neuhauser, Duncan, 249,254 Newhouse, Joseph, 110, 13 I , 179 Newman, Katherine S. , 319 Ng, Y. K., 175111 Niemi, Richard G., 63115 Noll, C. E., 178 Noll, Roger, 118

O'Connell, Martin, 34, 35t, 36, 37 Ohlsson, H., 295x116 Okun, Arthur, 5, 108 Olds, David L., 44,47 O'Neill, June, 64118, 65, 66 Ordeshook, Peter, 201 Orloff, Ann Shola, 3 14 O m e , Chris, 204

Pace, Richard R., 66 Page, Ben, 337 Palmore, E., 178 Parkin, David, I14 Patterson, James, 3 18, 3 19 Pauly, Mark, I 16, 154, 249 Pearce, David, 210 Peltzman, Sam, 182n7,28 1 Perozek, Maria, 159 Peterson, Peter G., 310 Peterson, R., 293 Phelps, Victor R., I16 Phillips, Deborah A., 37, 38,39,40n4,42. 48,

Pierce, Brooks, 64118 Pindyck, Robert S., 272 Plotnick, Robert D., 320 Posner, Richard, 205116 Poterba, James, 821136, 161, 289 Preston, S., 302 Psacharopoulos, George, 82n35

49

Quadagno, Jill, 32 1

Rabin, Matthew, 210 Raleigh, M., 177 Ramey, Craig T., 43,45 Rawls, John, 1881110, 192 Reklis, Diane M., 44, 49, 801131 Rice, Thomas, 153 Riker, William H., 201 Rivkin, Steven G.. 66,71n18,72f, 73,74,295 Rivlin, Alice M., 146, 153, 157 Robins, Philip K., 38 Romer, Paul, 63114 Rosen, H., 278 Rosen, S., 2951116 Rothschild, Michael, 115, 283 Rovine, Michael, 42 Rubinson, Richard, 3 15 Ruopp, R., 44 Russakoff, Dale, 3 10 Ruther, Martin, 152

347 Author Index

Sacks, Jennifer, 273 Sales, S. M., 178 Sanders, Heywood, 327 Sauvageau. Y. , 29211 13 Savage, Leonard (Jimmy), 230, 241 Scan; Sandra, 36,42 Schapiro, Morton, 267, 268 Schelling, Thomas, I I3 Schlesinger, Mark, 246t, 249, 257, 258 Schmittberger, R., 176 Schoen, C., 287118,300 Schore, Jennifer, 149 Schultz, Theodore W., 61 Schulz. R., 293 Schwartz, William B., 117, 13 I Schwarze, B., 176 Scitovsky, Anne, 73n20, 147 Scitovsky, Tibor, 73n20, 175111 Seidman, L., 175111 Sen, A., 175nl, 176 Shapiro, Robert, 337 Sharpe, William, 230 Shayne, May W., 153 Sheiner, L., 287118 Shepsle, Kenneth, 224 Sheshinski, E., 175nl Shoven, John, 293 SkocpoLTheda, 45,313,314,315,316,317,

Skowroneck, Stepen, 314 Sloan, Frank A., 153,293 Smith, Adam, 279 Smith, James P., 33, 63116, 64118 Solomon, David H., 148 Solow, Robert, 23 1 Sonstelie, J., 281, 288 Spock, Benjamin, 42,48 Stacchetti, Ennio, 210 Stallard, Eric, 16 1 Stanley, Harold W., 63n5 Stan; P., 299, 310, 325 Steinwald, Bruce, 249, 254 Stephens, Keith, 260 Stigler, George J., 6 , 210118, 232 Stiglitz, Joseph, 115, 278, 283 Strahan, Genevieve W., 146 Strobino, Donna M., 44 Summers, Anita A,, 811132 Summers, Lawrence, 29 1

318,323,324,325,328,333

Tan, lee-Peng, 821135 Taylor, Lori L., 66

Taylor, Paul, 329 Taylor, Timothy, 2 18 Teixeira, Ruy A,, 63115 Tessler, Richard, 180 Thaler, Richard, 2 I2n9 Thane, Pat, 332 Thomas, Duncan, 44 Thornton, Craig, 149 Tinbergen, Jan, 231 Tobin, James, 230. 283 Todd, Petra E., 791127

U.S. Bureau of the Census, 34, 61nl , 81n33,

U.S. Congress, 118119 U S . Department of Education, 69,70,285

160, 246t. 264

Vaiana, Mary E., I16 Van Gelder, Susan, 153, 156 Veblen, Thorstein, 175111 Venti, Steven F., 154 Verbrugge, Lois M., 161 Verspoor, Adriaan, 821135 Vining, A., 293 von Neumann, John, 230

Waite, Linda J., 36, 39, 41 Waldo, Daniel R., 160 Walker, James R., 37, 39, 41,45 Wall, T. D., 178 Ward, Michael P., 33 Weir, Margaret, 314, 315, 318, 319 Weisbrod, Burton A., 11,821136, 179,2971118 Weitzman, M., 288, 290 Welch, Finis, 62112, 63n6, 64118 Wells, H. G., 338 West, E., 280,284-85.2971117 Whalley, John, 293 White, Daphne S., 82n35 Whitebrook, Marcy, 37, 39,40114.49 Wiener, Joshua M., 146, 153, 157 Wigdor, Alexandra K., 66 Wildasin, David, 198112 Willer, Barbara, 34111, 36, 37 Willett, John B., 65, 66 Williams, Robin M., Jr., 63116 Wilson, C., 283 Wilson, Margo, 2 10 Wilson, William J., 47 Wingard, Deborah L., 147 Wise, David A., 66, 154 Wissoker, Douglas, 39

348 Author Index

Witsberger, Christina, 36, 39 Wolf, C.. 288 Wolfe, Barbara L., 63n3 Wolkon, Shari. 64n8 Wooldridge, Judith. 149 Wright, R., 176n2 Wyckoff. James H., 811133

Young, K. H.. 641112 Yule, Brian, 114

Zaslow, Martha J., 43, 44 Zeckhauser, Richard, 282n3, 284, 285, 301 Zollars, Cheryl, 328 Zuvekas, Sam, 63n3

Subject Index

Adequacy (school finance), 81 Adverse selection: in health insurance market,

282-83; in long-term care insurance, 155-56, 163, 166

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC): as child care program, 48; as child care subsidy, 38-39

Altruism, intergenerational, 203

Block grants for child care, 38

Carolina Abecedarian Program, 43 Child care: costs and financing of, 37-39,

185-86; differences in view of appro- priate, 14-15; institutions marketing day- time, 259-61 ; as investment in human capital, 13-14; potential employer role, 56; potential expanded public financing, 33 1-34; preschool day care centers; 34-36; proposed research agenda, 6-1 1 ; quality of, 39-40, 44, 55. See also Early childhood intervention

Child care facilities: current types and regula- tion of, 34-36

Child development: child care as input to, 42-45; recommended kinds of child care for, 36

Children’s programs: during U.S. maternalist era, 316-17, 327

Clinton administration: Head Start expansion, 38; health security plan, 118-19, 128-33, 139-40, 3 11, 325-26; policy initiatives, 321

Coleman Report, 77, 92 Community rating, health insurance, I14 Community services, long-term care, 145-46 Contracts, contingent health care, I12 Cooperation: in extensive form game, 206-10,

221-22; link to retaliation, 21 Costs: of advances in health care technology,

110-1 1; of child care, 37-39, 185-86; of education for individual, 60-61; growth of education, 71-74; of health care, 124- 25, 131, 179-80; of proposed long-term care insurance. 162-66

Decision making: with asymmetric informa- tion, 233; related to child care, 238; re- sponsibility for educational and medical decisions, 236-37

Defection in extensive form game, 206-10 Demand for child care, 40-42 Dictator game, 2 12

Early childhood intervention: effects of, 43-44; Infant Health and Development Program, 43

Economic position, relative, 175-78 Education: current financing of, 184; current

government policy, 294-97, 301; govern- ment role in provision of, 284-93; institu- tions marketing, 262-69; as investment, 61-63; market failure in market for, 279-82; possibilities for reform, 330-3 1; proposed research agenda, 6-1 1; public spending on U.S. elementary and second-

349

350 Subject Index

Education (continued) ary, 7 1-74: questions related to reform. 16-17; relation of spending to quality, 15-16: resource allocation in, 76-79: dur- ing US. Civil War era, 3 15

Eisenhower administration, 216 Elderly, the: coverage for hospital and physi-

cian services, 158-59; possibility of fi- nancing long-term care for, 330

Employers: effect of health insurance financ- ing by, 113-14; provision and financing of child care, 56; tax-related health insur- ance, 136-37

Entitlement: defined, 199: promises in Social Security system, 225-27

Entitlement concept: in economic models of government payments, 198-99; inherent in Social Security system, 198, 222

Equity issues: education policy proposals re- lated to, 79-8 I ; related to health care de- livery, 137-38

Expected-utility theory, 230 Experience rating, 113-14 Externalities: of child care, 46-48,54-55: con-

sumption, 2 1-22: derived from educa- tion, 279-80: in education, 63, 81-83

Family and Medical Leave Act (1993), 56 Financing, child care, 37-39, 185-86. See also

Financing, education, 184-85 Financing, health care: facts of, 109-13; fail-

ure of reform initiatives, 118-20; nonmar- ket solutions for, 137-39; proposed growth inhibition, I8 1-84

expansion, 157-62; modes and policies of, 144-45: possibilities for, 330: private insurance, 153-57, 162-67; proposals, 162-66; public, 157-62; sources of, 150-53

Financing, schools: issues of equity and ade- quacy, 79-8 1: resource expansion, 76-79

Financing of care: two options for public, 190-9 1

For-profit institutions: market share, 245-46; organization and productivity, 24-25

Subsidies

Financing, long-term care: limited public

Government intervention: effect on women’s labor-force participation, 56; question of, 304-7

Government role: argument for child care, 185-86; effect of increased health care financing, 137-39; in financing of child care, 45-50,54, 238: in financing of long-term care, 157-62: policy education and health care, 294-301; in provision of education and health care, 284-93

Great Society, 319-20

Happiness surveys, 178 Head Start funding, 38 Health care: concentration of annual outlays,

109-10; current government policy, 294, 297-301; government role in provision of, 284-93: institutions marketing, 253-59: market failure in market for, 282-83: proposed research agenda, 7-1 1 ; public programs, 114; redistributive ob- jectives in policy, 286

179-80; inefficiency of U.S., 121-23, 127-30; unevenness of, I14

109-13: of financing, 118-20; ideological debates, 125-27, 137: obstacles to con- sensus on, 107-9; predicted conditions for U.S., 132-33; proposed agenda, 18; rejection of I994 legislative proposals, 139-40; weighted goals of, 121-23

Health care system: market-driven managed care, 124

Health insurance: coverage in United States, 136-37; employer-financed, 113: exces- sive purchases of, 11 1-13, 136-37; pri- vate markets, 283; state regulation of, 113

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), I46

Heterogeneity: of medical diagnoses and treat- ment, 112-13

Home-based child care: for preschool chil- dren, 34-35

Home health services: financing for, 150-53; as long-term care, 147-50

Human services: benefits, 242: proposed com- parative historical studies, 9-1 1; pro- posed research among and across sectors, 8-9; proposed sector study research, 6-8: proposed studies of dynamic processes, 11: provision by nonprofit firms, 247-5 I ; provision by public firms, 251-53; role and behavior of industries for, 245-46

Health care delivery: functions and costs,

Health care reform: facts related to financing,

351 Subject Index

Incentives: to purchase excessive health insur- ance, 1 11-13, 136-37; with shift of deci- sion making, 234: under two proposed health plans, 18 1-84

Individual medical accounts (IMAs), 165-66 Infant Health and Development Program, 43 Information: differences in incentives and

flows of, 24-25; differential or asymmet- ric, 230-32; as an economic good, 232; economies of scale in production of, 234-35; effect of lacking, 243-44; market-based transfer modes, 233-34; ra- tional choices with, 23-24; in reduction of uncertainty, 230; related to effects of child care, 45-46; related to health care services, 123-25: related to school perfor- mance levels, 83-85

with, 232-34; in market for health care, 282-83; about nonprofit firms, 247-5 I ; role of public firms with, 252-53

Institutions: differences in information flows and incentives, 24-25; failures related to health care financing, 115-18; long-term care facilities, 145, 147-50; marketing day care, 259-6 1 ; marketing education, 262-69: marketing health care, 253-59: marketing nursing care, 259

Insurance: concept in Social Security system, 214-17: effect of health care financing on, 115; lack of long-term care, 170-71; long-term care, 144, 146, 153-57; U.S. New Deal social, 317-19

War era, 315-16; during U.S. maternalist era, 3 16-17; during U S . New Deal era, 317-19

ress (IAEP), 69

Information, asymmetric: decision making

Interest groups: development in U S . Civil

International Assessment of Educational Prog-

Job Opportunities and Basic Skills (JOBS) pro- gram, 38

Labor-force participation, women, 33-35 Life care communities, 146 Long-term care: availability, 162-66; delivery,

143-47; as health service, 144; possibil- ity of financing for, 330; private insur- ance initiatives, 170-7 1 ; proposal for fi- nancing, 186-87: proposed alternatives to fill need for, 19-20; proposed research

agenda, 8-1 I ; responsibility for, 143-44; services of, 145: utilization, 147-50

Market failure: in market for education, 279-82: in market for health care, 282-83; social responsibility with, 240-4 I

care, 150-53: unevenness of eligibility, I14

Medicaid program: coverage of long-term

Medical care. See Health care Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act ( 1988),

16 1-63 Medicare program: coverage of long-term

care, 150-52, 154; effect of funding long-term care from, 158; reimbursement for long-term care, 150-52

care insurance, 155-56, 163-64,243; ef- fect on health care consumption, 121; in financing health care, 11 1; in health insur- ance market, 243, 282; waste from, 116-17

Moral hazard: in development of long-term

National Assessment of Educational Progress

National Child Care Survey (1990), 39 National Long-Term Care Survey, 146 Nixon administration, 3 19-20 Nonmarket services, long-term care, 144 Nonprofit institutions: inefficiencies, 248-5 1 ;

market share, 245-46; organization and productivity, 24-25

(NAEP), 68

Nursing care market, 259 Nursing homes: increased utilization, 160;

long-term care in, 147-50; Medicaid cov- erage for care in, 152-53, 154; Medicare coverage for care in, 152; spending for, 169-70; utilization, 147-50

Paternalism: with asymmetric information, 233; values and information with, 241

Perry Preschool Project, 43,47-48 Policy proposals: equity issues, 79-81 ; related

to child care, 14; related to externalities in education, 8 1-83; resource allocation and expansion, 76-8 1 ; school resource expansion, 76-79

204-6; dependent on promises, 20-21; opportunism and punishment in extensive

Preferences: built-in taste for punishment,

352 Subject Index

Preferences (continued) form game, 206-10; relation to voting. 200-204; variation in lifestyles, 138-39

Preschool, effects of, 43-44 Price information, 23 1-32 Promises: in extensive form game, 206-10,

22 1-22; Social Security system explicit and implicit, 214-17

Public institutions: market share, 245-46; or- ganization and productivity, 24-25; sub- sidies, 25 1-52

Public schools: performance, 75; policy pro- posal related to performance of, 76-79; spending for, 7 1-74

Punishment: in extensive form game, 206-10; strategic value in threats of, 204; taste for punishing others, 204-6; in Ultimatum game, 212-13

Pupil/teacher ratios, 77

Quality: of education in United States, 63-70; proposal for resource expansion, 76-79

Reading Literacy Study (1991). 70 Reagan administration, 2 17, 32 I Research: agenda for human services, 6-1 1 ; to

determine government role, 301-2; disag- gregation in proposed, 7; effect of health care financing on, 117-18

Resource allocation in education, 76-79 Resource expansion proposal, 76-79 Responsibility: with asymmetric information,

233; in decision making, 236-37 Retaliation (cooperative behavior), 21 Revenge: in extensive form game, 206-10; as

motive for voting behavior, 214-19, 225-27; taste for, 211; in Ultimatum game, 212-13

Risk preferences, 203-4 Risk selection, 108-9 Rodriguez v. Sun Antonio (1974), 80n29 Roosevelt administration, 197-200, 214-15,

218.327

Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), 67-68 School performance, 59; factors in evaluation

of, 93-100; output measurement, 100- 103; relation of spending to, 83-85; un- certainty about, 75

School readiness: programs promoting, 43-44 Serruno v. Priest (1960s). 79 Service industries, 27 Shepard-Towner program (1920s), 327

Socialhealth maintenance organizations (SHMOs), 146

Social policy: formation of U.S.. 312-21; pat- terns of U.S., 321-24; political formation of US., 26-27, 312-21; responsibility for, 240-44

327-28

ior, 225-27; positions in original debate, 197,213

Social Security Act (1935). 214, 317-18,

Social Security system: effect on voting behav-

Spending, education: relation to quality, 15-16 Spending, health care: with advanced technol-

ogy, 110-1 I ; growth in United States, 131, 135-37, 179-80; increase with shift in age composition, 159-60

Spending, long-term care: delivery, 145-46; in- creases, 160

Spending, public: equity issues in differential, 79-80; motivation for and determinants of, 83-85; on U.S. elementary and sec- ondary education, 71-74

Spending, public school: equity concerns, 79-8 1; non-performance related, 75

Spending, school: effect on student perfor- mance, 93-94

Student performance: changes in, 67-70; ef- fect of spending changes on, 93-96; evi- dence related to, 77-78, 87t

Subsidies: for child care, 14; policy for health insurance and health care, 286; proposed for employer-provided child care, 56; for providers and consumers of child care, 37-38; to public human services firms, 25 1-52

Tax credit, child care, 38 Teacher salaries, 77 Technology costs, 110-1 1 Test scores: influences on children’s, 94-96; re-

Tit for tat strategy, 205 lation to expenditures, 92-96

Ultimatum game, 212-13 Uncertainty: in market for health care,

282-83; theories of behavior under, 230 Universal coverage: proposed plan to finance

health care, 18 1-82; supplementary cov- erage as health care option, 183-84

Utility function: in extensive form game, 210; interdependence of human, 222-23; rela- tion to voting, 201-4

353 Subject Index

Veterans’ benefits, 3 15,326-27 Voting behavior: explanations of, 223-25; fac-

tors motivating, 199; related to idea of en- titlement, 225-27; related to promises, 216-17; relation to preferences, 200- 204; utility function as motive for, 201-4

Voucher system: information for implementa- tion of, 237; proposal to finance educa- tion, 184-85; proposed for child care

spending, 186; proposed for long-term care, 186-87; proposed plan to finance health care, 18 1-83

War on Poverty, 3 19-20 Women: labor market participation, 33-34;

work status, 56 Women’s programs: during U.S. maternalist

era, 316-17. 327