First Recorded Automobile Race

PARIS to ROUEN, FRANCE July 22, 1894 – 79 miles

Early Days

• No attention paid to safety • Post prize money and someone would risk

his life for it

• Deaths were numerous • Second only to flying

homemade aircraft as the leading cause of death in sports

1909 • Carl Fisher, founder of Miami Beach, built

the Indianapolis Motor Speedway • First Indy 500 1911

-Killed one driver, his mechanic and nine spectators

-80,000 people watched

Deaths from 1911 through 1960 were usually instantaneous from head injury and burns

• During the 1960 -1970 decade • One out of seven drivers was killed each

season

• In 1974 drivers in “Indy Car” urged the development of a medical program

Indy Car Medical Program Drs.Henry Bock,Steve Olvey

and Terry Trammell Started in 1975

Professor Sidney Watkins {London} started in Formula One in 1978

Statistical analysis of injuries started in 1985

• Identify injury trends • Analyze potential causative factors • Correlate injury production/prevention with

car design

CRASH TO INJURY RATIO

• Indy Car 9.7 • Highway 11.4

• Same chance of injury in Indy Car at

230 mph as passenger at 50 mph

1988

INTRODUCTION OF IMPACT TESTING OF NOSE CONE

> 50% of injuries were to the feet and lower

extremity FORWARD DEFORMABLE STRUCTURE

May 7, 1992

• Frontal Impact has rarely, if ever, produced a fracture of the cervical spine

• Rear Impact= Cervical Spine Fracture • Mechanism - Flexion/extension (whiplash) injury aggravated by helmet (3 lbs) . Skull base “pulled” away as the neck reaches full

excursion

F1 Implementation - 2003 Season

HANS development

Indy Car implementation - 2002 Season

NASCAR Implementation – 2005 Season

•95% of head injuries are mild head injuries

• Mechanisms of diffuse brain injury -Deceleration -Rotation

• Head needs controlled deceleration on impact

• Something must “catch” the head

Headrest and Helmet

Accident Analysis and Reconstruction

FIA Institute

FIA Institute

The Solution

• A formalized approach to concussion • Systematic neurocognitive testing • Formalized Return-to-Competition criteria

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS

Headrest compatibility 50% Impact attenuation 50% Crush protection* 50% Penetration 30% Rotation** 25% Shell hardness 50% Chinguard impact** 50% Reduced mass 20% * new dynamic crush test ** new test based on ECE Regulation 22-05

F1 helmet development

FIA Institute

Youth Helmet Development AIMS DEVELOP NEW HELMET SPECIFIC TO NEEDS YOUNG DRIVERS

• MASS < 1kg • GEOMETRY • PERFORMANCE • COST < $400

FIA PARTNERSHIP WITH SNELL (USA)

FIA Institute

Car Construction Details

• Padded cockpit • No sharp or protruding edges • Roll bar • Monocoque construction with crushable

structures • Driver position

Prevention and modification of energy transfer: the 1969 Sigma GP concept F1 car

Driver’s safety cell with surrounding collapsible structures - F1 regulations from 1981

Head and neck restraint system {HANS}regulation-- Indy Car 2002;F1 2003; NASCAR 2005

Built-in fire protection and extinguishers - F1 regulations starting 1969

Six-point restraint harness - F1 regulation 1972

Crash data recording system Indy cars 1990; FIA F1 cars 1997

Rear wheel over-ride protection – Indy Cars as of 2012 - No F1 regulation as of 2014

WRC – Seat Development

Side Impact: Head acceleration - 68 % Neck tension - 89 % ! Rear Impact: Head acceleration - 38 % Neck tension - 85 % ! Significant improvement of Kinematic

IMPROVEMENTS BY SAFETY SEAT (Examples)

FIA Institute

DRIVER

• Good Physical Condition • Upper body strength • Neck strength • Proper Equipment

• Runoff areas • Angle of impact • Sand traps and fire barriers • No leading edges or protrusions • Homogenous surface

COURSE

Prevention and modification of energy transfer: tracksides and barriers

A slow evolution of measures to protect competitors and spectators, with contrasts between road and track events

EMS • Rapid response vehicles properly

equipped • Trained Personnel • Rapid evacuation to trauma center • Pre arranged action plan

MISSION STATEMENT

To safely respond to, and arrive at the scene of an accident, with-in 30 seconds of impact, with the ability to simultaneously secure an airway, extinguish fire, contain fluid spills and perform extrication with hydraulic tools as needed.

Inspect wall/fence damage, check the stands for crash parts, injured spectators and begin track clean-up.

FIRST RESPONSE VEHICLES AND TEAMS

• Manpower

- Cross-trained in Para medicine, Firefighting, and hydraulic rescue tool operation

– Specialized training in car construction, aiding in driver extrication techniques and race track maintenance

CHAMP CAR / INDY RACES INCIDENT RESPONSE

Incident

Safety/Rescue Truck

A.L.S. Ambulance

Additional Safety/ Rescue Trucks

Additional A.L.S. Ambulances

On site Race Medical Center

Regional Trauma Center

F-1 / GP2 Races

Incident

Medical Car

ALS Ambulance(s) Safety/ Rescue Vehicles

Race Medical Centre

Regional Trauma Hospital Air Ambulance

Worldwide motor sport fatalities This image cannot currently be displayed.

Data source: www.motorsportmemorial.org

F1 Drivers Mortality

Race Practice Testing Total (8) 1950-1958 4 2 2 8 (12) 1959-1970 6 5 1 12 (11) 1971-1982 6 3 2 11 (3) 1983-1994 1 1 1 3 (0) 1995-2013 0 0 0 0 Total 17 11 6 34

FIA Institute

The FIA Institute For Motor Sport

Safety

FIA Institute

Mission “SUPPORTING TRAINING OF OFFICIALS,

CIRCUIT AND RACE PERSONNEL IN SAFETY PROCEDURES, PRACTICES

AND THE USE OF EQUIPMENT”

Article 2, Section B

Statutes FIA Institute

FIA Institute

MEDICAL ADVISORY PANEL

• Geographically dispersed { UK,France,USA,Australia,Canada}

• Motorsport experience • Academic background when possible • Teaching / pedagogic experience when

possible

Formula One Race

Montreal, Canada June 10, 2007 Robert Kubica . BMW

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