First Book to Precede German Course George Comfort

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A

FIRST

BOOKINGERMAN:

TO PRECEDE

THE

GERMANCOURSE.

Br

GEORGE

F . COMFORT, A.M.,

n o r r a a o n

o p

m o d e r n

i . a n o u a o f . 8

and

. x s t u k t i o b ,

S y r a c u s e

u n i v e r s i t y ,

n ew

y o b k ;

A U T H O R

O F

A

G E R M A N

C O U R S E , 1 1 A

G E R M A N R E A U E U ,

1 1 A

M A N U A L

O F G E R M A N C O N V E R S A T I O N / ' K T O .

NEWYORK:

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,

FRANKLIN S Q U A I I K .

188

1 .


11/229

f

HARVA2lA

UNIVERStTY

LIBRARY

Comfort's

German

Series.

A

GERMAN

PRIMER. I n t r o d u c t o r y

t o

t h e G e r m a n S e r i e s . u m o , H a l f

L e a t h e r ,

5 0 c e n t s .

A , FIRST

BOOK

IN GERMAN.

To

P r e c e d e

t h e G e r m a n C o u r s e .

i i m o .

H a l f

L e a t h e r , 6 0 c e n t s .

A FIRST GERMAN

READER. To S u c c e e d t h e F i r s t B o o k

i n G e r m a n .

i 2 m o , C l o t h , 5 0 c e n t s .

A GERMAN COURSE.

A d a p t e d

f o r U s e i n C o l l e g e s ,

A c a d e m i e s ,

a n d H i g h -

S c h o o l s .

i 2 m o ,

H a l f

L e a t h e r , $ 1

1 2 .

A

TEACHER'S

COMPANION t o t h e G e r m a n C o u r s e . u m o , C l o t h , 5 0 c t s .

A GERMAN READER.

W i t h

N o t e s

a n d

V o c a b u l a r y .

i 2 m o ,

H a l f

L e a t h

e r , $ 1

1 3 .

A

MANUAL

OF

GERMAN CONVERSATION. umo,

H a l f

L e a t h e r ,

9 0 c e n t s .

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLlSHERS, NEW YORK.

E n t e r e d a c c o r d i n g

t o

A c t

o f

C o n g r e s s ,

i n t h e

y e a r 1 8 7 1 , b y

HARPER & BROTHERS,

I n

t h e O f f i c e

o f

t h e L i b r a r i a n

o f

C o n g r e s s , a t W a s h i n g t o n ,


12/229

INTRODUCTION

TO THB

FIRST BOOK

IN GERMAN.

The

First Booh

in

German

i s

i n te n d e d

as

i ntr od uc

tory

to the

German Course.

In many scho ols the German

la ng u age i s now commenced by students o f to o young

a n a ge to begin with the rather rigid tre a t m e n t

that

i s

a d op t e d

in

the

German

Course, w hi ch

i s i n t e n d e d

for

more

a d v a n c e d st u de nts

in

Colleges, Ac a d e m i e s ,

a n d

High-schools.

The

First

Booh in German i s i n te n d e d

to meet the w a n t s o f t he se y o u n g e r c l a s s e s .

Scope

a n d The t r e a t m e n t i s

i n

every way simpler and

Method,

easier th a n

in

the German Course.

The d e

vel op m e n t

of

gr a m m a t i c a l pri nciples in

the

Less on s i s

l e s s rapid. The sentences are shorter

a n d

l e s s

compli

cated, and are a d a p t e d to

the

m e n t a l condition of

y o u n g e r

persons. The w o r d s

which

are

introd uced

re

f e r

to

the

most

familiar

objects

o f

daily

l i f e .

By

occa

sional recapitulations the s t u d e n t

i s shown

what prog

ress he

ha s

made in a c c u m u l a t i n g

a

stock

of

w o r d s and

in le arn in g t he gr a m m a t i c a l fo r m s o f t he la n gu a ge .

While this First Booh i s i nt e n d e d primarily for youn

ger

classes

of students, i t

may often be u se d with a d

vantage,

h owever, as

a n

i ntr od uct ory book,

by

quite

a d v a n c e d

students,

who

intend

to

give

two

or

three

years to the s t u d y o f the German language. The

a d

ditional time

thus

spent in these

preliminary lessons


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IV

INTRODUCTION.

will

i n s u r e

in the end gr e at e r advancement,

and

a

more

thorough and satisfactory knowledge o f t he language

than

though

the

s t u d e n t

should

h a s t e n

to

t he r e a d i n g

o f

classical

literature.

The First Book in German

i s d ivi d e d into t hr e e parts :

First Pa r t, c on t a in i n g Practical Lessons ;

Second P a r t, c o n t a i n i n g Familiar Conversations

;

Third P a r t, c o n t a i n i n g a Classified

Vocabulary.

Practical

The

Practical

Lessons

a re

arranged

upon

Lessons, t he same g e n e r a l pl a n a s t h a t which i s

adopted in

t he

German Course. Each lesson

consists

o f

five parts,

a s

follo w s

:

First,

Sentences

illustrating

t he new Principles

;

Second, a German Exercise

;

Third, Vocabulary o f new Words ;

F o u r t h ,

Explanation o f Grammatical Principles

;

Fifth,

an

English

Exercise.

In

t he

first

part a few s e n t e n c e s a re given with En

gl is h t ra n s la t io n , and c o n t a i n i n g the new

grammatical

principles o f t he l es so n i ngr aft ed upon words a l r e a d y

known. The a t t e nt i o n i s t h u s drawn

a t

the f i r s t

solely

to t he new

principle.

Secondly, t he same principles a re applied to

s e n t e n c e s

w i t h o u t

translation, and

c o n t a i n i n g

new

w o r d s .

From

similarity

to c o r r e s p o n d i n g English

w o r d s , o r

from t he

connection

o f t he s e nt e nc e, t he meaning o f thes e new

words

will oft e n be s u r m i s e d . It i s better for t he pu

pil to le a rn t he signification o f new

words

from s e e i n g

them in livin g se nte nces, than to t r a c e them in a d ic

tionary.

The i m p r e s s i o n

upon t he

mind i s more

vivid,

and t he intellect

i s t h u s

t r a i n e d a t an e a rly st a ge to

caref ul

ha bit s o f

analysis.

Thirdly,

t he

Vocabulary

c o n t a i n s t he new words

which a re used in t he

lesson.

These a re u s u a l l y n o t


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INTRODUCTION. V

a r r a nge d

alphabetically, bu t the y

are

gro uped accord

ing

to

their

l o g i c a l or g r a m m a t i c a l similarity or contrast

in

m e a n i n g

and

u s e .

Fourthly i s given a n explanation, with

appropriate i l

lustration, o f the new g r a m m a t i c a l

principles

wh ic h are

involved i n the preceding e x e r c i s e s . The tre a t m e n t of

the g r a m m a t i c a l principles i s n o t

exhaustive,

bu t i s s u f f i

cient to

explain the

exercises. The rules w hi ch are

given are stated in simple language,

a n d

are a b u n d a n t

ly illu stra ted by examples. Advantage i s t a k e n of

heavier

type

and

of

spaced letters

to

attract

the eye

to the variable part o f the inflected w o r d. As being

more appropriate to conversation with children a n d

p u p i l s , the s e c o n d person of the p r o n o u n

i s e m p l o y e d

in

m o s t of

the

exercises.

Fifthly, the lesson

closes with a n

exercise of En

glish

sentences containing

the new

w o r d s a n d

princi

p l e s ,

to

be

translated

into

G e r m a n .

„ .

.

The exercises in P r o n u n c i a t i o n cont ai n

P r o n u n c i a t i o n . , , , . , . i l

short and

simple sentences

with

many

proper n a m e s .

They

contain

no

w o r d s

the m e a n i n g

of

wh ic h

i s n o t readily

discerned, n o r

d o they involve

more d i f f i c u l t i e s of pron u nciation t h a n o cc u r in ordi

n a r y

discourse.

The

pupil

i s

thus

n o t

distracted

by

h avi ng

to

p r o n o u n c e

l o n g

l i s t s

of w o r d s

w hi ch co n ve y

to

him no

m e a n i n g,

and w hi ch also give a n er r o n e o u s

idea o f

the pho ne tic

character of the la n gu a ge . For

several lessons the

accent i s

marked o n a l l

the

words.

This i s d o n e for the d o u b l e purpose o f

f i x i n g the

a c

ce n t u a t i o n and o f s h o w i n g

the

division

of w o r d s into

syllables.

Germ a n As i t

i s desirable to i ntr od uce

the d i f -

Current

hand.

Acuities of

the

l a n g u a g e gradually,

the


15/229

VI INTRODUCTION.

u se of

the German C urren t

Hand

i s

reserved

until the

eye of the s t u d e n t shall have become familiar with the

printed

German

type.

Familiar In

order

that i t may be

impressed

u p o n

C o n v e r s a t i o n s , the mind o f

the

pupil that

the

German

la ng u age

ca n

be made the medium of a l l his thoughts

and feelin gs a s fully as

h i s

own vernacular ca n

be, a

number

of

Familiar

Conversations are

i n tr o d u c e d

after

the Lesso ns. These

conversations treat

of subjects,

and

contain

w o r d s

a n d

expressions

that

are

f i t t e d

to

t he j u ve n il e

m i n d .

C l a s s i f i e d In or der to show the s t u d e n t as forcibly

Vocabulary, as possible how large

a

stock

o f w o r d s

he

will have a c c u m u l a t e d upon finishing

the

book, a Clas

s i f i e d

Vocabulary i s given

of a l l

the

German

w o r d s o c

curring

in

the

L e s s o n s

and

the

Conversations.

It

would

be a useful exercise for the

st u d e n t

to commit to mem

o ry a

s m all section

of

t h i s vo ca bu l a ry e a ch day, while

reviewing the

book.

With

several h u n d r e d w o r d s a n d

the e l e m e n t a r y

gr a m m a t i c a l fo r m s

th us

firmly

fixed

in

the m i n d , the s t u d e n t will be well prepared for the

more r i g i d s t u d y o f the l a n g u a g e i n the German Course.

The

English

w o r d s are given

alphabetically.


16/229

CONTENTS

OF THE

FIRST BOOK

IN

GERMAN.

INTRODUCTION

i i i

I . PRACTICAL

LESSONS.

Leuon

I . Pronunciatio n 1

I I . Pr o n u nc i at i o n (continued) 4

I I I . Present and Imperfect

Tenses

o f the Verb ( t i n , t o

be

8

IV. Present and

Imperfect

Tenses of I j a l l C I t , t o

have

10

V. Present and Imperfect Tenses of Regul ar Verbs

11

VI. Reg u l a r

Verbs

(continued).

Accusative

C as e

14

VII.

Perfect

and

Pluperfect

Tenses

of Regular

Verbs 1G

VIII.

I mper s o n al

Verbs 18

IX.

Gender

of Nouns

20

X.

Prepositions

with the

Accusative

Ca s o

21

XI.

The

Indefinite Article 23

XII. Possessive P r o n o u n s 25

XIII.

The Genitive Ca s e 27

XIV.

The Dative

C as e

30

XV.

Prepositions

with

the

Accusative and Dative

Cases

32

XVI. Recapitulation

of

Words

and P a r a d ig m s

35

XVII. Personal Pr o n o u n s. Forms of Address. Contractions of Prep

o s i t i o n s with the Definite Article 40

XVIII.

The Irregular Verb UKtutll,

t o

become. F ut ur e Tenses 42

XIX. German C ur r e nt Hand 45

XX. Conjugatio n of Irregular Verbs 49

XXI. Irregular

Verbs

of the First Class 51

XXII. Irregular

Verbs

o f the Sec o n d Class 54

XXIII. Irregular Verbs

of

the Third

Class

5S

XXIV. Irregular Verbs o f the Fo ur t h Class 53

XXV.

Irregular

Verbs

of

the

Fifth

Class

63

XXVI. Irregular Verbs of the Sixth Class 62

XXVII. Irregular

Verbs

o f the Seventh Class 63

XXVIII.

Recapitulation o f Irregular Verbs

65


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v i i i CONTENTS.

L a a o n

XXIX. The P o t e n t i a l Verb f i i t t l t e t t , t o b e a b l e 67

XXX.

The P o t e n t i a l

Verb

m i t f f C l t ,

t o

b e o b l i g ed 7 0

XXXI.

The

P o t e n t i a l

Verb

t D O l t c a ,

t o

b e

w i l l i n g ,

t o

w i s h

7 2

XXXII. The

P o t e n t i a l Verb

b i i r f C t t , t o b e p e r m i t t e d

7 4

XXXIII. The

P o t e n t i a l

Verb f o l l e n, s h ou l d , o u g h t 7 i i

XXXIV. The P o t e n t i a l Verb

n t S f l C l t ,

m a y 7 8

XXXV.

Ne w

D e c l e n s i o n o f

Nouns

8 0

XXXVI.

Mixed D e c l e n s i o n

8 2

XXXVII. Old

D e c l e n s i o n o f

Nouns 8 5

XXXVIII. C a r d i n a l

Numbers

8 9

XXXIX.

Nouns e x p r e s s i n g

M e a s u r e ,

Q u a n t i t y , e t c 9 1

XL. A d j e c t i v e s u s e d p r e d i c a t i v e l y and a t t r i b u t i v e l y . Old De

c l e n s i o n

o f A d j e c t i v e s

93

XLI.

Ne w D e c l e n s i o n o f A d j e c t i v e s

96

XLII.

Mixed D e c l e n s i o n o f

A d j e c t i v e s

9 8

XLIII. Comparison o f

A d j e c t i v e s

1 0 1

XLIV. O r d i n a l Numbers 1 0 3

XLV.

Verbs

w i t h f r i l t , t o b e , a s a u x i l i a r y 1 0 0

XLVI. The I n f i n i t i v e M o o d 1 0 9

XLVII. The I m p e r a t i v e Mood 1 1 2

XL

V I I I .

S e p a r a b l e Compound Verbs

w i t h

P r e p o s i t i o n s

a s P r e f i x e s .

l t t

XLIX

S e p a r a b l e

Compound

Verbs

w i t h

Adverbs a s P r e f i x e s 1 1 7

L .

I n s e p a r a b l e

Compound

Verbs

1 2 0

L I .

Verbs Doubly compounded ( s e p a r a b l e )

1 2 3

L I I . Compound Verbs w i t h P r e f i x e s s e p a r a b l e and i n s e p a r a b l e . 1 2 G

L I I I .

R e f l e x i v e Pronouns

and Verbs

1

2 8

LIV.

P a s s i v e

V o i c e 1 3 1

LV. I n d e f i n i t e Pronouns 1 3 8

LVI. I n t e r r o g a t i v e

Pronouns 1 3 5

LVII. P o s s e s s i v e Pronouns 1 8 7

LVIII. D e m o n s t r a t i v e Pronouns 1 4 0

LIX.

R e l a t i v e Pronouns H2

LX. Com pou nd

Pronominal Adverbs

1 4 5

LXI.

S u b j u n c t i v e and

C o n d i t i o n a l

Moods 1 4 8

LXII.

C o n j u g a t i o n o f V e r b s 1 5 1

I I .

FAMILIAR CONVERSATIONS.

N o .

1 .

A r i s i n g

( b o 8 H u f f t e b e n ) 1 5 7

2 . Taking a Walk ( b e r © p a j i e r g a n g ) . - 1 5 8

S . At t h e D i n n e r - t a b l e ( b e t m

2 J t i t t a g S t i f d ) )

1 6 0

4 .

Sewing

( b a 8

* J i a I ) e n )

1 6 1

5 .

I n

t h e Garden ( i l n © a r t e n ) 1 6 2

C . I n t h e S i c k - r o o m ( t m

S r a n f e n j i m m e r )

1 6 3

I

S k a t i n g

( b a 8

© d ) l i t t f c b u b l a u f e n ) 1 6 5


18/229

CONTENTS. IX

No.

P«K«

8 . Going to School (jur Sd)ute g e f y e n ) 1 66

9 . The

Arithmetic

Class (bcr

UitterridH

i l l Der S l r i t b m e t i ) 1 67

10. The Intermission ( D i e

gtriftbenftuncc)

169

1 1 .

The

Hour

f o r

Writi ng

( D i e

©cbreibftuitte)

1 70

12. Class in English (bet Unterricbt i n D e r . e n g l i f c b c n

S£rad;e)

171

I I I .

CLASSIFIED VOCABULAKY.

1 .

Ger man-English

Vo ca bu la ry 173

I . Classified List of Nouns 173

I I . Classified List

of

Adjectives 179

I I I . Classified

List of

P r o n o u n s

181

IV. Classified List

of Verbs

181

V.

List

of

Adverbs

185

VI. Classified List of Prepositions 186

VII. List of Conjunctio ns 186

2 . English- German Vocabulary

(alphabetical)

187


19/229


20/229

LESSON

I .

PRONUNCIATION.

Exercise I .

1 . Words c o n t a i n i n g the vowels a ( a ) and t ( e ) :

German R o m a n

E n g l i s h

E n g l i s h

L e t t e r s .

L e t t e r s .

P r o n u n c i a t i o n .

T r a n s l a t i o n .

t f a r l ,

K a r l,

K a r l , Charles.

Sater,

Va t er,

Fah'-ter,

Fathe r.

Da,

Da, Dah, There.

9 > a a r ,

P a a r ,

Pahr, Pair.

g a l j n e , Fahne,

Fah'-nay,

Flag.

$ e t e r ,

Peter,

Pay'-ter,

Peter.

© eben,

Gehen,

Gay'-en,

To

go.

Besser,

Bes'-ser,

Better.

Es, Ess,

I t .

2 . Words co n t ai ni ng t he vowels t ( i ) , 0 ( o ) ,

and

n ( u

G l i f a ,

Elisa,

Ay-lee'-zah,

Eliza.

©erltn,

Berlin, Ber-leen',

Berlin.

■ € > i e r ,

Hier,

Here,

Here.

2 J l a r i e ,

Marie,

Mak-ree',

Mary.

3 f t ,

1 s t ,

1 s t , I s .

3n ,

In,

In,

In.

$olen,

P o l e n, Po'-len,

P o l a n d .

Thomas,

Tho'-mas,

Thomas.

R o t h , Rote,

Red.

© o o t,

B o o t ,

B o a t ,

B o a t .

Sruber,

B r u d e r ,

Broo'-der,

Br o ther.

f i u t t e r ,

M u t t e r,

Mo o f-t er,

Mother.

Kuh,

Koo,

Cow.

A


21/229

2

PRONUNCIATION.

3 . Words c o n t a i n i n g

consonants

t h a t

a re not

pro-

nounced

a s

in

E ng l i s h:

German

E n g l i s h

E n g l i s h E n g l i s h

L e t t e r s .

L e t t e r s .

P r o n u n c i a t i o n . Tra

n s l a t i o n .

Dieb,

Dieb,

Deep,

Thief.

Unb,

Und, O o n t,

And.

3ult,

Juli,

Yoo'-lee,

Y o - h a n n ',

J u l y.

Sob a n n,

Johann,

J o h n .

©olw, Sohn,

Zo n e,

So n.

©ie,

Sie,

Zee,

Fo r e,

You.

3 3 o r , Vor,

Before.

a S t e r , Vier, Feer,

F o u r .

5Bo,

Wo,

Vo ,

Vee,

Where.

2 B i e ,

Wie, How.

2Bityelm,

Wilhelm,

ViU'-helm,

William.

3u ,

Zu,

Tsoo,

To

M t i o n,

L e k t i o n ,

Zek-tsi-on'

, L e s s o n .

7

l.The

German Alphabet has t w e n t y - s i x

letters

:

Grammatical.

German Ro m a n Na m es of

German

R o m a n Na m es

of

L e t t e r s . L e t t e r s . L e t t e r s . L e t t e r s .

L e t t e r s .

L e t t e r s .

»,a,

A, a

,

Ah. N,n,

Enn.

«,*,

C

,

B,

b, Bay.

B, o ,

0, o , Oh.

C,c Tsay.

y,p,

P, P ,

Pay.

3),b,

D,

d,

Day.

D, a ,

Q.q.

Koo.

i£,e,

8 f , f ,

E,e,

Ay. %r,

R,

r ,

Err.

F,f,

W-

@,f(«),*

S,8,

Ess.

©, 8 ,

»,g

Gay. £,t,

T, t , Tay.

H,h

,

Hah. U,u, Oo .

%'h

Ee.

V,v,

Fow.

JJ.

Tote.

SB, t o ,

W,w, Vay.

S t , h

K, k, ^aA.

X,

? ,

X,x,

Iks.

2,1,

L, 1 ,

Ell.

Y>

y,

Ip

' - s e e - I o n .

9R, i n ,

M, m,

Emm.

St i t

Z,

z ,

Tset.

* The s h o r t

f o r m

»

i s

u s e d a t t h e eod o f s y l l a b le s : 9 i u - . b e n S ,

$ r e » ' s r > c n .


22/229

. PRONUNCIATION. 3

V

2 .

The Vowel s

a ,

t , i , 0 ,

I t a re pronounced t h u s :

1 . S l ,

0 , like

a

in

fathe r : 33a'4er,

Father.

2 .

g,

e ,

a

u

dame:

$e'4er,

Peter.

3.&i, ee deem: @*U'*fa,

Eliza.

4 .

£),o, o dome: $o'*len, Poland.

5 .

1 1 , I t , o o doom : © r u b be r , B ro t h er .

3 . The Vowel i s

long:

1 . When

doubled

in the same s yl la bl e: $ a ar ,

3 3 o o r .

2 . With silent ( :

i n d e e p : 2 ) t t 6 ,

t h i e f .

E x c . 2 . 2 ) , t b o a t : U l t O ,

a n d .

Exc.S.

9 } ,

n o t

b e g i n n i n g

a

s y l l a b l e ,

i s

t r i l l e d :

S r U ' s t t e r ,

S B ( t ' = t e r .

■ E t c .

4 . i n f i n a l

s t i O J t

( n o t

p r e c e d e d by

§ ) , l i k e t $ l S C f = t t = O t » ' .

2 . bef o r e a , 9, o r t t likekinking: Ga'to, G o r ' f t f a .

before o t h e r vowels te m i t e : G i ' c e r o , G e ' r e g .

3 . ©,* ff f f o : ©o'tba, g e ' b e n .

4.3,

y y o £ e ;

3obann',3uU

5.@, before a vowel

.

. z s o w e : < S o l > n , S l i ' f a .

be fo re p o r t 3 t . . . sh

©piel,

©telle.

o t h e r w i s e

«

less: SRu 'beng,

bag.

it

* F o r 0

a t

t h e e n d

o f

a s y l l a b l e , s e e

L e s s .

I I . , 6 , 1 .

\ When

a t

t h e b e g i n n i n g o f a

r a d i o a l s y l l a b l e .


23/229

4

PRONUNCIATION

(CONTINUED).

6 .

5 8 ( i n n a t ive

w o r ds ),

like fin

fine :

S 3 a ' t e r ,

» o r .

7 . 3B, v

vine:

2Bien, r o o .

8.1,

x

wax:

2 f t a r ,

g ' c l t r .

9.$, ts m i t s : 3 i » ' s e u , j u .

Exercise 2 .

j t a r l 23enb'4er t f t i n ©er4tn', CharlesBendlerisinBerlia

E*U'*fa

23raun

i f t i n @o'4foa, Elisa Braun i s in Gotha.

9 J i a * r t e ' 3 t t t ' * t c r i f t i n 2Bien, Mary

Ritter

i s

in

Vienna.

SSMt'^elm S R i t ' t c r w a r i n Sre'* Wi lli a m Ritter was in Bre

men

u n b

3 3 a ' * b e n ,

men

and

in

Baden.

6r t f t i n granf^furt, He i s in Fr a n k f o r t.

2Bo t f t £err 2Be'^er? Where i s Mr. Weber?

( 5 r t f t i n i D r e g ' * b e n ,

He i s

in Dresden.

£err S l o t f ^ r o r i l

t f t i n 5 3 e r n , Mr.

Rothwell i s

in

Berne.

2l*me'*rUfa,

2 t ' * f t * e u , 2 T * f r i * f a , America, Asia,

Africa.

3*ta'4ben,

©p a'*nue n,

Italy,

Spain.

4?olManb,

U n ^ g a r n ,

$o'4en,

Holland,

Hungary,

P o l a n d .

LESSON II.

PRONUNCIATION ( C O N T I N U E D ) .

-

Sritte

Slufpbe.

1 .

The Diphthongs t t t t (au),

t t ( e i ) ,

and CU

(eu) :

German

R o m a n

E n g l i s h

E n g l i s h

L e t t e r s . L e t t e r s .



Haus, House,

House.

© r a u n ,

Braun,

Brown,

Brown.

a i u g u f t ,

August,

Ow'-goost,

August.

5 i f ) e i n ,

Rh e i n ,

R h i n e ,

R h i n e .

gein,

Fein,

Fin e, Fin e.

2 J t e t n ,

Mein,

Mine, My.

9 i e t n ,

Nei n,

Nine,

No.

( S t e i n ,

Stein,

Stine,

St o n e.


24/229

PRONUNCIATION (CONTINUED).

5

German

R o m a n E n g l i s h

E n g l i s h

L e t t e r s . L e t t e r s .



£eute,

Heute,

Hoy'-tay,

T o - d a y .

6uropa, Europa,

Oy-ro'-pah,

Europe.

S t e u , Neu, Nay, New.

3 ? e u n ,

Neun,

Noyn, Nine.

$ t u,

Heu, Hoy.

Hay.

2 .

The Consonantal Combin ations f d )

( s c h ) ,

t l ) ( t h ) , t t g (ng):

m.

Fisch, Fish, Fish.

©d)nee,

( p c b u l e ,

Schnee,

Sh n a y ,

Snow.

Schule, Shoo'-lay,

Scho o l.

Thomas,

To'-mas,

Thomas.

R o t h , Rote,

Red.

Sheuer,

Theuer,

Toy'-er,

De a r.

©inge n,

ginger,

Si nge n,

Finger,

Zing'-cn,

Fing'-er,

To

sing.

Finger.

3 . The

Compound Consonantal

forms d ( c 7 c ) , $ ( s z ) , t j

( t e ) :

3 ) e c f e n ,

Decken,

Deckf-en,

To cover.

2 3 c c f e u ,

Becken,

Beckf-en, Bas i n.

$eif,

Heiss,

Hice,

Hot.

2 B e i f j ,

Weiss,

Vice,

White.

Netz,

Nets,

Net.

3e»t,

Jetzt, Tetst,

Now.

Grammatical.

M

1 .

The Diphthongs a l t , C t , t i t a re pronounced

t h u s:

1 .

3 l l t ,

a i l ,

like

ou

in

mound:

33raun,

hrov m.

2 .

( £ t , C t ,

*

might: 9 i f ) e w ,

R h i n e .

3 .

( S t t ,

C l t , oi m oi s t: 9t t u ,n e w ;

£e u,

hay

Rem.

D i p h t h o n g s

a r e a l w a y s p r o n o u n c e d l o n g .


25/229

6


2 .

The Co nso n a nt al Combin ations f d )

( s c h ) , t l )

( t h ) , t t g (ng):

1 .

Sd),

like sh

in

shall:

< S t y a l l ,

sound;

% t f d ) , J i s h .

2 . £1), t

tone: X\)Q'm


26/229


7

2 .

After

o t h e r letters

( a n d in

t he

d i m i n u t i v e sylla

ble = d ) e t t ) , they have a softer s o u n d , made higher

in

t he

palate,

and

i n cl in i ng t o

t h a t

o f

sh

in shall

:

i d ) ( * ' * ) , /; r e d ) t ( r e h ' h h t ) , right; RWtfytn (kind'.

h , h e n ) , a child; 2 f t un'*d)en (mun'h'hen), Munich.

Rem. 1 . I n w o r d s o f Greek o r i g i n , d ) s o u n d s l i k e A - . - S b o r , c h o i r .

Rem. 2 . A l s o b e f o r e § i n t h e same r a d i c a l s y l l a b l e , l i k e

k :

2 B a d ) 8 ,

w a x .

t

7 .

There a re

n o

s i l e n t

l e t t e r s in

German,

except :

X . \ , when u s e d t o i n d i c a t e t h e l o n g s o u n d o f a v o w e l ;

2 . e , i ;

3 .

t D ,

a f t e r

0

( o c c u r r i n g

i n

a

f e w

p r o p e r

n a m e s ) .

8 . The

Accent

may

be

understood to

be

on t he first

syllable

when not

o t h e r w i s e marked

in t he vocabularies.

9 . Capital Letters a re

used a s initials to

a l l n o u n s ,

and

to the pronouns © i e (yo u )

and

(your).

S S i c r t c

Stufgak.

Dag

. £ > a u g

i f t

f c b o t t ,

The

house

i s

beautiful,

^ f u t f j a m ^ n a

2Be'*ber

i f t i n

CatharineWeberisinDiis-

2)uf*fekborf,

seldorf.

2Bil'^elm

u n b £arl

2Be'4tr

William

and

Ch a r l e s We-

f i n b n i d ) t i n

Duf*fekborf,

berarenotinDusseldorf.

© i e

f t n b

j e f c t i n

Dre3'*ben, They a re now in Dresden.

2Bo i f t £err 2)te/*fen^ad)? Where

i s Mr .

Diefenbach?

< 5 r

i f t

i n

Dftf

* f e k b o r f ,

He

i s

in

Diisseldorf.

gr a u

9 i o ' * f e n * f r a n j i f t

i n 9lom,

Mrs.RosenkranzisinRome.

5Ketn

Dn'*fel w o f ) n t

i n

2Bien,

My

u n c l e lives

in V i e n n a .

SBien i f t i n D e ' * f t e r * r e i d ) , Vienna i s in Austria.

@ r / * f t e , j r o e i ' * t c Sluf*gabe, First, second Exercise.

@ r ' * f t e , j r o e t ' * t e Stf^kon',

First, second

L e s s o n .

2 ) r i t ' 4 c ,

» t c r ^ t e

2luf

* g a b e ,

Third, fo u r t h Exercise.

33er4tn' i f t in $reu'*fkn,

Be rlin

i s in Prussia.

^reu'*fjen

i f t

in

Deutfd)'4anb,

Pr u s s i a

i s

in

Germany.

2)reg'*ben

u n b

2 e i p ' * j t g f t n b

i n

Dresden

and Leipsic a re

in

©ad)'*fen, Saxony.


27/229

8 PRESENT AND IMPERFECT TENSES OF f e i t t , TO BE.

LESSON

III.

PRESENT AND

IMPERFECT

TENSES OP THE

VERB f d t t ,

TO

B E .

Is

Mr. Menzel

in

B e r l i n ?

No,

he

i s

in

C o l o g n e .

Where wast thou yester.

I

was

in Halle. [ d a y ?

The book was n o t d ear.

It i s very warm to- day.

3ft £err

a f t e n ' ^ e l

i n 33er4m'?

êin, e r i f t i n £oln,

2Bo warft bu g e ' * f t e r n ?

3 w a r in £ a l ' r l e ,

2)ag © u c ^ w a r n t d ) t t l ) c u ^ c r ,

@g i f t beu'4c f e b r w a r m ,

£eu'*te

i f t e g

f e f > r

w a r m ,

pnfte

Slufgak.

1 . 5 5 5 o

t j t 2BiI'*beIm

SWen'êl? 2 .

@r t j t

i n granf^furt. 3 .

3ft ^ e tn ^ rid ) 3icin ^barb bjer? 4 . S N e t n , £ e i n ' * r i d ) SRetn'ârb

i f t n t d ) t b j e r ; S l l ' * b e r t

9iem'4)arb

i f t

b j e r . 5 .

2Bo i f t bag © u d ) ?

6 . £ierifteg.

7 . $arl, wo b i f t bu ?

8 .

£ier bin i d ) . 9.Dag

2Bet^ter i f t

j e & t f c ^ r w a r m . 10. ©e'*ftern w a r e g

f e f ) r

f a i t . 11.

2Bo warft

bu

ge^ftern? 1 2.3d ) w a r in

©er4in'.

13. 3ft

gr a u

mn'^tl

i n

33er4in'?

14.

3a ,

gr a u

2 f t e n ' * j e l

i f t

i n

f f l e r ;

l i n ' , u n b

grau'4etn S O T e n ' ^ e l

i f t i n S D t a g ' * b e * b u r g .

15. © e r=

U n ' ,

2 f t

ag'*be*burg

u n b

^ o l n

f t n b i n ^reu^fjen.

Vocabulary.

§«r S f l . , M r . N.

g r a u $ T C . , M r s . N.

g r a u ' • I e i n

9 l . ,

M i s s N.

© a S S u c b , t h e b o o k .

„

£ u d ) ,

t h e

c l o t h .

„ a S e t ' ^ t e r , t h e w e a t h e r .

SBarm, warm.

§ e i f j , h o t .

S a l t ,

c o l d .

S f ) e u ' ^ e r ,

d e a r .

Sif

= l t g , c h e a p .

© e m , t o b e .

S a * t b a = r t ' * n a , C a t h a r i n e .

3 K a = r i e ' , Mary.

S l l ' ' b e r t ,

A l b e r t .

§ e i n ' * r i d ) , H e n r y .

3 o ' * l ) a n t t ,

J o h n .

S a r i , C h a r l e s .

2 B i l ' 4 e I m , W i l l i a m .

g r a n f ' * f u r t , F r a n k f o r t .

§ a l ' 4 e , H a l l e .

§ e i ' * b e l ' b e r g , H e i d e l b e r g .

S i i l n , C o l o g n e .

S P r e u ' * f j e n ,

P r u s s i a .

3 c t 3 t , n o w .

§ e u ' * t e , t o - d a y .

© e ' *f t o n , y e s t e r da y

@ e b r ,

v e r y .

3Bo?

where?

§ t e r ,

h e r e .

®a,

t h e r e .

3 n , i h .

3 a , y e s .

9 i e i n ,

n o .

5 R t c b t , n o t .

U n b ,

a n d .

Gram m atic al.

l.The

Nominative

Case

o f the

Personal

PronouD

i s :

F i r s t P e r s o n . Second P e r s o n . Third P e r s o n .

S i n g u l a r :

i d ) ,

I ;

b u , t h o u ;

C r , h e ;

f t e , s h e ; e 8 , i t .

P l u r a l : t o t r , we; i b r , y o u ; f t e , t h e y ; f t e , t h e y ; f t e , t h e y .


28/229

PRESENT AND I MP ER FE CT TE NSE S OF f t t t t , TO BE. ' J

Rem. Where g r e a t f a m i l i a r i t y

e x i s t s ,

a s

b e t w e e n

members

o f

t h e

same

f a m i l y ,

o r

b e t w e e n

t h e t e a c h e r and y o u n g e r p u p i l s , t h e Germans

g e n e r a l l y

e m p l o y

t h e s e c o n d p e r s o n s i n g u l a r o f t h e

pronoun

i n d i re c t a d d r e s s .

2 .

The Ir r eg ul ar Verb

f e i t t ,

t o

b e ,

i s conjugated t h u s :

P r e s e n t T e n s e .

i d ) b i n , I am.

b t t l i f t ,

t h o u a r t .

e r

i f t , h e i s .

t o i x f t l t b ,

we a r e .

i & r

f t t i l ,

yon

a r e .

f t e

f t n i ) ,

t h e y

a r e .

INDICATIVE

MOOD.

I m p e r f e c t T e n s e .

i d ) t e a r , I

w a s .

bu t o

a x

* f t , t h o u w a s t .

e r t o o r , h e w a s .

r o w T o a x

*

e t t , we

w e r e .

i b r

t o

a

r

=

t ,

you

w e r e .

f t e t o a x * C t t ,

t h e y

w e r e .

^ 3 . A

single

consonant between two vowels i s pro

nounced

with t he

last

vowel: wir

n ? a ' * r e u ,

we w e r e ;

t f y a t T i ' * M , C a t h a r i n e ; b e u ' t e , t o - d a y; 2l*mc'ri4a, America;

fyWAUtn, Italy.

Rem.

I n t h e p a r a d i g m s t h e t e r m i n a t i on s a r e s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e s t e m s o f

t h e

w o r d s ,

w i t h o u t r e f e r e n c e t o t h e d i v i s i o n

o f

w o r d s i n t o s y l l a b l e s i n p r o

n u n c i a t i o n .

4 .

Adverbs o f t i m e u s u a l l y precede

t h o s e

o f

place

:

3 o l ) a n v f

i f t

l ) t n t C

i n

S e r l i n , John

was

i n B e r l i n

t o - d a y .

( S r War

Q e f t C l t t

b i e r , He was h e r e y e s t e r d a y .

S B i l b e l m

i f t

j t t y t

n i d ) t

b i e r , W i l l i a m i s n o t h e r e n o w .

5 .When the adverb

o r

a dj ective i s put before the verb,

the

nominative

i s

placed

after t he verb :

§ i e r

i f t

e § , Here

i t

i s .

§ e u t e

i f t

t S

f e b r

l a l t ,

I t

i s

v e r y

c o l d

t o - d n y .

Exercise 6 .

l.Where i s Catharine Schubert t o - d a y ? 2 .

She

i s in

Cologne.

3 .

Is William Schubert

in

Cologne?

4 .

No,

he

i s

in Hei delberg.

5 . Where

i s

Miss Menzel? 6 .

She

i s not her e; s he i s in Magdeburg. 7 .Was the weather

warm? 8 . Y e s ,

t he weather was

very warm.

9.1s t he

weather

warm?

10.

No,

t he

weather

i s

cold.

ll.Where

wast thou yesterday? 12. Yesterday I was in Magde

burg. 13.

Charles,

Henry,

and

William a re

her e

to- day.

14. They were not h e r e y e s t e r d a y.

1 5.Where were they

A2


29/229

1 0

PRESENT

AND IMPERFECT OF I ) a J e t t , TO HAVE.

y e s t e r d a y ?

16. They

were

in Halle y e s t e r d a y . 17. The

book.

was

not

d e a r ;

i t

was

very

cheap.

18.

We

were

n o t there.

.... ■

LESSON IV.

PRESENT AND IMPERFECT TENSES OP THE VERB l ) f l t l C H , TO HATE.

£aft bu ba g 33uc§ ? Hast thou t he

book?

3a , i d ) babe e g , Y e s , I have i t .

2Btr

ba'ên

ba g

©elb,

We

have

t he

money.

© t e I j a t ' * t e n bag ©elb, They had the money.

■ E > e t n ' * r i d ) l > a t ba g - J J i e f * f e r , Henry has the knife.

SSBil'êlm

f ) a t ' * t e ba g 2 3 u d > , William

had

t he

b o o k .

© i e i e n t e

Stufgak.

l.2BagMu, êin^rid)? 2.3$ ba g © u d ) . 3 .

£a t 2Bil'êlm

ba g $a*pie/? 4 . 5Mn, 2Bil'êlm ba t bag

$ a *

p i e r

n i d ) t .

5 .

2Ber

&at

eg?

6 .

So'ânn

j > a t

e g .

7 .

2Bag

b a t ' * t e f t bu ? 8.3$

, a t ' ; t e

ba g SWefcfer. 9 . 2Ber b a t t e ba g

2 J t e p * f e r ? 10. £ e t n ' * r i d ) b a t ' ^ t c e g . 11. 2Btr b a t M e n ba g

2u d )

md)t.

12. © i e

b a t t e n

e g . 13. © t e ba t ba g 3 3 u d > , u n b

e r ba t bag â*pter/. 14. 2)ag £ u d ) w a r f e ^ r t b e u ' * e r . 15.

£ e t t V * r i d )

b a t ' * t e ba g 3 3 u d ) , a l g e r b i e r w a r ; aber j e f c t ba t e r e g

t t i c b t . 16. 2Ber b a t ' ^ t e ba g Suf, a l g

bu ba r o a r f t ?

17. gr a n*

j i g ' * f a

ât'4e

e g .

Vocabulary.

Sanb, r i b b o n , b a n d .

„ 3 K e f ' * f c r , k n i f e .

„

^ a * p i e r ' , p a p e r .

S B e r ? who?

S3a8? what?

SBann?

when?

3 1 1 8 , w h e n .

( S ' * b e ,

b e f o r e .

g = f i ' 4 a = 6 e t & , E l i z a b e t h .

< S b a r * I o t V t a , C h a r l o t t e ,

g r a n j ,

F r a n c i s .

g r a n * j t 8 ' * t a ,

F r a n c e s .

© U f l ' 4 a n b , E n g l a n d .

§ o i ' * l a n b , H o l l a n d .

9 i u f j ' 4 a n b ,

R u s s i a .

® c b o t t ' 4 a n b ,

S c o t l a n d .

Gram m atic al.

l.The Irregular Verb

%H'Mn,to

have,™

c o n j u g a t e d

t h u s :


30/229

PRESENT AND IMPERFECT OF I ) a O t l t , TO HAVE. 11

INDICATIVE MOOD.

P r e s e n t T e n s e .

i d )

f l d i ' t f

I

h a v e .

b t t

f y d f i t , t h o a

h a s t .

C r h a t ,

he

h a s .

t t t r b a b * t t t , we h a v e .

t ^ r b a b * t , yon h a v e .

f i e

b a b

* e t t , t h e y

h a v e .

I m p e r f e c t T e n s e .

i d )

% U U t t ,

I

h a d .

bu

b a

t *

t C f t , t h o u h a d s t .

e r bat*tf, h e • h a d .

t t ) t r f y a t ' t t n , we h a d .

i b r t y

a t * t C t , you

h a d .

f t e b a

t

*

t C H ,

t h e y h a d .

2 .

The

adverb t t i < f ) t ,

not,

i s g e n e r a l l y

pl a c e d after t he

object o f t he verb:

3 d ) b a b e b a 8

Su&) n t d ) t , I

h a v e

n o t t h e

b o o k .

3 .

The

verb i s

placed a t

the

end

o f

s u b o r d i n a t e

s e n

t e n ces : .

2 B e r

b a t t e

b a 8 S u d ) , e b e 3 o b a n t t e 8 Who had t h e

book

b e f o r e John ha d

h f l t t C ? i t ? [ t h e r e ?

S S B e r b a t t e

b a 8 S u c b , o I 8 bu

b a t t K j r f t ,

Who had t h e

book

when you were

Mem. The c o n j u n c t i o n f l l < S ,

when

( c al l e d i n E n g l i s h a c o n j u n c t i v e

a d v e r b ) ,

a l w a y s r e f e r s t o p a s t

t i m e .

The i n t e r r o g a t i v e a d v e r b t P C t n t t ? when? m a y

r e f e r

t o

e i t h e r

p a s t ,

p r e s e n t , o r f u t u r e

t i m e .

Exercise

8 .

l.Where

i s t he

book?

2 .

Ch a r l o t t e Steffens

has

i t .

3 .

No,

s he ha s not

i t . 4 . Hast

thou t he book, C h a r l o t t e

?

5 . No, I have

not

i t .

6.Whohasit?

7.William Brown

h a s i t . 8.Who had t he

knife?

9 . F r a n c i s had i t . 10.

We have not t he money. 11.

Henry and

Charles

had

the money, but they have not i t now. 12.Who has i t

now?

13.

F r a n c i s

and

Albert

have

i t .

14.

Miss

Eliza

beth

Eeinhard was he re y e s t e r d a y. 15. Where

i s

the

ribbon? 16. Here i t i s ; I have i t .

Vj? LESSON V.

PRESENT AND IMrERFECT T E N S E S OF REGULAR V E R B S .

.

(a

\

2Bag

f a u f f t bu ? What a re you buying?

3 f c m ' * f e

ba £

faipkx',

I

am

buying

paper.

2 > e r ©d)ne1'*ber f a u f t

£ud),

The tailor i s

buying cloth.

2Bir f a u ' ^ f e n Xufy, We a re buying cloth.


31/229

12 PRESENT

AND

IMPERFECT OF

REGULAR

VERBS.

© i e f a u ' * f e n S f t d ) t g ,

3d )

fauf'4e

ba g

3 3 u d ) ,

They a re buying n o t hi ng.

I

bought

t he

b o o k .

< 2 r fauf^te ba g ^a^pier',

2Bir f a u f 4 e n ba g £ud),

© i c f a u f * t e n S N i d ) t g ,

He

bought

the paper.

We bought

t he cloth.

They bought n o t hi ng.

S f t e u n t e Stufpk.

1 . 2Bag f a u f t £eta'*ri


32/229

PRESENT AND IMPERFECT OF REGULAR VERBS. 1 3

Rem. 1 . A l l r e g u l a r

v e r b s

a r e c o n j u g a t e d i n t h e same

w a y .

Rem. 2 . That p a r t o f t h e s i m p l e

v e r b

w h i c h

p r e c e d e s

t h e t e r m i n a t i o n

o f

t h e

^

i n f i n i t i v e

( s C H )

i s

c a l l e d

t h e

s t e m ,

a s :

Ut&tn,

l a u f • e n ,

f f l g . * e n ,

J B 0 ) H * e n .

waft*2 .

For t he

three

forms o f c o n j u g a t i n g t he verb in En-

glish,the German verb ha s bu t o n e

—

he

simpleform; thus:

1 . P r e s e n t Tense

o f

the Regular Verb f a t l f e t t , t o b u y:

i d ) f 0 « f = C , I b u y , I am b u y i n g , I

do

b u y .

bu f

a U

f * f t ,

t h o u b u y e s t , t h o u a r t

b u y i n g ,

t h o u d o s t b u y .

e r f a U { * t , h e b u y s , he i s b u y i n g , h e d o e s

b u y .

t o i r a u f * c n , we

b u y ,

w e a re b u y i n g , we

do

b u y .

i l ) r

l a

u

{ *

t ,

you

b u y ,

you

a re b u y i n g ,

y o u d o

b u y .

f i e a U f * t t t f

t h e y

b u y , t h e y a r e b u y i n g ,

t h e y

d o b u y .

2 . Impe rfect Tense o f t h e Regular Verb f l t u f c i t ,

t o b u y:

i d ) f a t t f = t C ,

I b o u g h t ,

1 was

b u y i n g , I

d i d

b u y .

b t t f a u f ' t C f t , t h o u b o u g h t e s t , t h o u

w a s t

b u y i n g , t h o u

d i d s t

b u y .

e r

f

a U f

*

t C ,

h e

b o u g h t ,

h e

was b u y i n g , h e d i d b u y .

t t o i r f a U

f *

t e n , we b o u g h t , we w e r e b u y i n g , we d i d b u y .

i b r 0 U f * t C t , you

b o u g h t ,

y o u w e r e b u y i n g , you d i d b u y .

f i e

f

a

t t

f

*

t C j t ,

t h e y b o u g h t , t h e y

w e r e

b u y i n g ,

t h e y

d i d b u y .

Rem. P a r t i c u l a r a t t e n t i o n

t o t h i s

p r i n c i p l e i s

n e c e s s a r y i n t r a n s l a t i n g i n t e r

r o g a t i v e and n e g a t i v e s e n t e n c e s from E n g l i s h i n t o German, t h u s :

Saufter? b u y s he? i s

h e b u y i n g ?

d o e s

h e

buy?

S a u f e t t f t e ? bu y t h e y ? a r e t h e y b u y i n g ? d o t h e y buy?

i f a u f t e e r ? b o u g h t h e ? was h e b u y i n g ? d i d h e bny?

S a u f t e n f i e ? b o u g h t

t h e y ?

w e r e t h e y b u y i n g ? d i d t h e y buy?

@r

t a u f t n i d ) t ,

h e b u y s

n o t , h e

i s

n o t b u y i n g ,

h e d o e s

n o t b u y .

( S r f a U f t e n i d ) t , h e b o u g h t n o t , h e was n o t b u y i n g , h e d i d n o t b u y .

S t e f a u f t e n n i c b t ,

t h e y b o u g h t

n o t ,

t h e y

w e r e n o t b u y i n g ,

t h e y

d i d n o t b u y .

S a u f t

C r

n i < b t ?

b u y s h e n o t ?

i s

h e

n o t

b u y i n g ?

d o e s

h e

n o t

buy?

f i a t t f t e e r n i d ) t ? b o u g h t h e n o t ? was h e n o t

b u y i n g ?

d i d h e n o t buy?

3 . The De fi ni te Ar ticle has a different

form

for

each gen d er, t h u s :

M a s c u l i n e : J ) C C

S J i a n n t f t t y i e r ,

The m a n i s h e r e .

F e m i n i n e :

b i t %xcm i f i

f ) t e r , The

w o m a n

i s h e r e .

N e u t e r : iaS S i n b i f i t y t e r , The c h i l d i s h e r e .

Exercise 1 0 .

l.When d i d

you

( tho u) buy t he

book? 2 .

1

bought

i t to- day. 3 . What

was

Henry Reinhardt buying? 4 .

He was n o t buying any t h i n g (he bought n othing). 5 .


33/229

1 4

ACCUSATIVE

CASE.

Whatwere they

buying ? 6 . They

were

not buying a n y.

thing.

7 .

Did

t he

merchant

buy

t he

house?

8 .

No,

t he

merchant d i d not buy the ho us e , but t he

tailor

bought

t he h o u s e . 9 . The merchant

sold

the paper. 10.

Who

bought t he

paper? •

11. The woman bought t he paper-

1

2 . Where

do

Mr .

Menzel and

Mr . Liebrecht reside

? 13.

They reside

in

Hanover. 14. Where

d id Henry

Brock

reside

when he

was in

Germany?

15. He r e s i d e d in

Br e s la u. 16.Who ha s t he

book?

17.1 d i d n o t have

i t .

18.

Did John

have

it? 19. No,

William

had

i t .

^ -

LESSON

VI.

BEOULAB

VERBS

( C O N T I N U E D ) . ACCUSATIVE

C A S E .

2Bag

f u d ) f t

bu ? What a re

you

looking

for?

3 f u' ^e ba g Su d), I amlooking for t he bo ok.

2Bag

f u d ) ' * t e

er?

What

was

he

l o o k i n g

for?

23en b e * f u ' * d ) e n f t e ?

Whom

a re they visiting?

< S i e b e * f u ' * d ) e n

i b n ,

They a re visiting h i m .

© ic

be*fu$'*ten

ung,

They visited

us.

Sr be*fudb/4e mid) n i d ) t , He d id not visit m e .

3d ) b e * f u d ) ' * t e £errn kraft, I visited Mr . Kraft.

( S I f t e Stufpbc.

1 .

2Bag

f u d ) t

Sr a n j?

2 .

@r

f u d ) t

ba g

© u d ) .

3 .

8 e = f u c § ' * t e

■ £ > e r r 8 t e b ' * r e d ) t £errn

© d m ' ^ i n a n n ,

alg c r

i n £6In

war? 4 .

S T i e t n , e r

b e * f u d b ■ ' 4 c i^n

n i d ) t .

5 . £orft bu wag S D l a * r i e '

fagt?

6 . SWn, i d ) bo'^c n i c b t , wag

f t e

f a g t . 7 .

£5'*ren

f t e wag r o t r

fagen? 8 . 3a , f t e ffi*xtn wag wtr f a ' * g e n . 9 . £at 3Hame'

ba g

© u d )

u n b

ba g

$a*pter'?

10.

3a ,

f t e l > a t f t e . l l . S f f i a g

f a u f t

ber 3 3 a v * c f c r ? 12. @r f a u f t

S S K e b l ,

u n b » e r * f a u f t '

© r o b.

13.

35ag

3«n'*nur

i f t

ju

f l e i n . 14. 2)er 3tm'*me r*m a n n » e r *

f a u f t ' ba g £ a u g, u n b ber < S d ) n e i ' * b e r f a u f t e g . 15. S E B a g f t u *

birr £ e i n ' * r i d j ? 16. @r f t u * b i r t ' j e f c t m d ) t ; e r f p t c l t . 17.

3Bag

w i i n f d ) t

3o4an»/? 18. gr

wunfd)t

ba g © ud ).


34/229

REGULAR VERBS (CONTINUED).

15

^^-.'wArfCw , U > . i Vocabulary.

§ 3 ' * r e n ,

t o

h e a r .

leaden, t o s a y .

© p i c ' 4 e n ,

t o

p l a y .

© t u * b i ' * r e n , t o s t u d y .

© u ' * c b e n ,

t o s e e k ,

l o o k f o r .

S B e * f u ' * d ) e n , t o v i s i t .

i u i i n ,

s m a l l .

© r o f t , l a r g e . _

£)«

9 S a ' = c f e r ,

b a k e r .

„

S o d ) , c o o k .

0

„ 3 i i n ' ' t l t e r * t n a n n , c a r p e n t e r .

2 ) n § S r o b ,

b r e a d .

n j j l e i f d ) , m e a t .

n 3 K e 6 l ,

f l o u r .

„

© b f t ,

f r u i t .

n 31W'mer,

r o o m .

Grammatical.

1 .

The German

language

h&a

four

cases

: t he Nomina

t i v e ,

the Genitive, t he Dative,

and

t he Accusative.

1 .

The

Nominative

c o r r e s p o n d s to our Nominative-

2 . The Accusative i s rendered by our Objective.

Rem. The G e n i t i v e and D a t i v e c a s e s w i l l b e

t r e a t e d h e r e a f t e r .

2 . The form o f t he a cc u s a t ive

o f

the m a s c u l i n e o n l y

o f the article differs from tha t o f t he nominative

:

N o m i n a t i v e :

2 ) e t

Wt m n,

b i t grou u nb ba8 S t u b fmb t y i e r ,

The

man,

t h e

woman,

and

t h e

c h i l d

a r e

h e r e .

A c c u s a t i v e : S i ) H¥ b e l t S W a n n , Me grau m tb ba 8 S i n b ,

O b j e c t i v e : I

s e e

t h e man, t h e woman, and t h e c h i l d .

Rem. The a c c u s a t i v e o f t h e a r t i c l e b e t , b i C , b a S , i s t h u s : b t t t , b i t , b a 8 .

3 . The Nominative and t he Accusative cases o f the

Personal Pronouns a re a s follo w s :

SINGULAR.

Nom. Nom.

i d ) ,

I .

b a ,

t h o u .

e t , h e .

f i t , s h e .

t 8 , i t .

A c c .

m i d ) ,

b i d ) ,

i l ) n ,

f i t ,

c i ,

O b j .

m e .

t h e e .

h i m .

h e r .

i t .

PLURAL.

Nom.

t o i r ,

i t i r ,

f i e ,

Nom.

w e .

y o u .

t h e y .

t h e y .

t h e y .

A c c .

t t t t 8 ,

c a d ) ,

f t t ,

0 « y .

a s .

y o u .

t h e m .

t h e m .

t h e m .

4 . The word §crr t a ke s t he t er m in a ti on *H in all cases

o f the s i ng ul ar number except the Nominative :

§ e r r g r a f t

b e f u c b t e § e r r * n S l e i t t , Mr.

C r a f t v i s i t e d

Mr. K l e i n .

5 . The Accusative o f toer? ( w h o ? ) i s t o e t t ? (whom?).

Exercise 1 2 .

1 . Did

Mary

hear

what

Catharine s a i d ? 2 . No, Mary

d id n o t hear what

Catharine said,

but I heard what s he


35/229

1 6 PERFECT

AND PLUPERFECT OF

REGULAR

VERBS.

said.

3 .

What

d id Henry

say? 4.1

d id n o t hear what

he

said.

5 .

What

do

you

( tho u)

wish?

6.1

wish

the

b o o k . 7

.Who

w i s h e s the

knife?

8.1 wish i t . 9.Where

i s

the kn ife ? 10.

Here i t

i s . 11. What

i s

John

l o o k

i n g

for?

12. He i s

l o o k i n g

for t he b o o k . 13.What

i s

the

cook

buying? 14. He i s

buying

meat

and

f r u i t .

15. What d id the

baker

buy? 16. He bought flour and

f r u i t . 17. Is William

studying?

18. No, he i s not s t u d

ying, he

i s playing.

19. Mary and

Catharine a re

here.

20. Are they s t u d y i n g ? 21. Y e s , they a re s t u d yi ng.

LESSON VII.

PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT TENSES OF REGULAR V J 5 R B S .

2Ber

b a t bag 33ud) g e * f a u f t ' ?

3d ) ba'4e

e g

g e ^ f a u f t ' ,

@r

&at

ba g

£aug

g e ^ f a u f t ' ,

£afl bu ba g

23ud)

geâbt'?

9 ? e t n , i d )

ba'4e egnid)tge4abt',

( S i c bat'4en bag£ u d ) g e * f a u f t ' ,

@r &at'4e ba g 33ud) geâ&t',

Whohas bought

the book?

I have bought

i t .

He

ha s

bought

the ho u se.

Hast

thou

had

t he book?

No, I

have

not

had i t .

They

had

bought

t he cloth.

He had had the

b o o k .

S 5 r t i j e l ) t t t e

St u fga k.

1 .

£err

£letn ba t bag £aug g e ^ f a u f t ' . 2 . Der ©d) nei^ber

b a t ' * t e

bag

£ u d )

m d ) t

geâuft'.

3 .

^ e r r

S l o t ^

b a t

ba g

£aug

s e r ^ f a u f t ' .

4 . J ) e r £auf'*mamt ^ a t ' * t e ba g

£ u d )

t u c b t

» e r *

f a u f t ' . 5 . 2Ber ba t ba g 33ud) g e * b a b t ' ? 6 . 3d ) b a ' * b e e g n i d ) t

g e * b a l > t ' . 7 . 2Btl'êlm ba t e g geâbt'. 8 . 3o;bamf bat'4e e g

n i d ) t g e * b a b t ' .

9 .

2Bag ba t £a4bam'*na g e ^ f a g t ? io. 3d )

b a ' * b e

n i d ) t g e 4 ) o r t ' , wag f t e g e * f a g t '

b a t .

ll.2Bag ba'*ben

3Bil'*belm u n b

Soânn'

geâgt'? 12. 2Btr ba'4>en n i d ) t g e *

b o r t ' ,

wag

f t e

g e * f a g t '

b a ' 4 > e n .

13.

2Bag

b a f t

bu

g e * f a g t ' ?

14.

3 b a ' * b e $md)tg g e ^ f a g t ' . 15. £aft

bu

£erm 2 3 r a u t t b e *

rud)f? 16. 3a , i d )

(abe

tbn b e ^ f u d ) t ' . 17. gr a u 2 f t u l ' 4 e r ( a t

gr a u

£or'*ner

b e ^ u d ) t ' .


36/229

PERFECT

AND PLUPERFECT OF REGULAR VERBS. 1 7

Gram m atic al.

1 .

The

Perfect

Participle

o f

Regular

Verbs

i s

formed

by

prefixing g e = , and adding = t to t he stem :

I i e b ' * t n ,

t o l o v e ; g t 4 i e b = t '

, l o v e d .

\ ) i x '

' t X l ,

t o

h e a r ;

Q t ' f y ' A x ' t ' f h e a r d .

t a u f ' * e l t , t o

b u y ;

g e * f a t t f = t ' , b o u g h t .

f a g ' * C t t ,

t o s a y ; g c * f a g = t ' , s a i d .

Rem. Verbs w i t h i n s e p a r a b l e p r e f i x e s

( a s

b e * , C r t t * , e r * , g e = , b e r * , and

j e r * ) ,

a n d t h o s e e n d i n g i n A x t x i , d o n o t t a k e t h e p r e f i x j J C = :

b e * f u d ) ' * c n , t o v i s i t ; b e * \ u t y t , v i s i t e d .

f i U s b t r ' * e n ,

t o s t u d y ; f t u * b i r * t ' , s t u d i e d .

2 . The

Verb

has

three

Principal Parts,

a s in English :

P r e s e n t

I n f i n i t i v e .

I m p e r f e c t

I n d i c a t i v e .

P e r f e c t

P a r t i c i p i e .

I i e b ' * e t t , t o

l o v e ; l t e b ' * t e ,

l o v e d ; g e 4 i e b * f , l o v e d .

f a n f ' * c n , t o

b u y ;

f a u f ' * t C , b o u g h t ;

g e = t a u H ' ,

b o u g h t .

f u d ) ' * t 1 t , t o s e e k ; f u c b > t e , s o u g h t ;

g e = f r t ( b = t ' ,

s o u g h t .

f a g ' • C H , t o s a y ;

W'tt,

s a i d ;

% t * \ < L & * t '

, s a i d .

f t u * b i r ' * e H ,

t o

s t u d y ; f t u 4 N r ' * t e , s t u d i e d ; f t u 4 t t r * t ' , s t u d i e d .

3 . The Perfect and Pluperfect Tenses o f Transitive Verbs

a re formed

by

the u s e

o f

t he

pre se n t and

i mperfect

te nses

o f

t he

a uxiliary

l ) d U C t t ,

t o

have,

and

t he

perfect

participle.

INDICATIVE

MOOD.

P e r f e c t T e n s e .

i d ) l j u t l = e g el t e & t ' , I

h a v e

l o v e d .

bu j a f t

u t h o u h a s t l o v e d .

e r h a t n h e h a s l o v e d .

t o t r f ) a b = e t t n we h a v e l o v e d .

i b r

b a b = t „ you

h a v e l o v e d .

f i e

b a b = C t t

n

t h e y

h a v e

l o v e d .

P l u p e r f e c t T e n s e .

i d ) | ) Q t = t e

g c l t C b t ' , I h a d l o v e d .

b t t

b a M e f t n t h o u

h a d s t

l o v e d .

e r b a t » t e n h e ha d l o v e d .

n r i r b a M C t t n we ha d l o v e d .

i b r i ) a t 4 t t

t ,

you had l o v e d .

f i e

b a M e t t

n

t h e y

had

l o v e d .

1%

4 .

The Participle i s pl a c e d a t t he endofmain

sentences

:

3 d )

b a b e

b a 8 Sud) g c l d l t f t , I h a v e b o u g h t t h e

b o o k .

( S r f ) a t b a 8 S B u d )

Q e ^ a b t ,

He h a s had t h e

b o o k .

Rem. I n s u b o r d i n a t e s e n t e n c e s , t h e a u x i l i a r y o f t h e p e r f e c t and p l u p e r f e c t

t e n s e s i s

p l a c e d a f t e r

t h e p a r t i c i p i e :

( S r f a g t , b o f j e r b a 8 Sucb gelauft He s a y s

t h a t

h e h a s

b o u g h t

t h e b o o k .

f a t ,

3 d ) b a b e g e b o r t , r e a 8 e r g e f a g t l ) a t , I h a v e h e a r d what h e h a s s a i d .

Exercise 1 4 .

l.What has t he

baker

bought? 2 . The

baker

ha s

bought

the

flour.

3 .

The cook

ha s bought

bread and


37/229

1 8

IMPERSONAL

VERBS.

m e a t . 4 .

The c a rp e n t e r ha s s ol d the ho u se. 5 . What

have

you ( tho u) bought? 6 . 1 have not

bought any

t h i n g ( I have bought n othing). 7 . Has Mr.Dorner re

s i d e d in

Cologne?

8 . No, he ha s not r e s i d e d

in

Cologne.

9 . Have

you visited

Mr . Miiller? 10. No, we have n o t

visited Mr . Miiller. 11. Have

William

and John heard

what we

have said

? 12. No,

they

have n o t

heard

what

we have said.

LESSON

VIII.

IMPERSONAL

VERBS.

63 r e g ' * n e t md)t, It i s not raining.

63 r e g ' * n e * t e n t d ) t , It d i d not rain.

63 f > a t m d ) t g e * r e g ' * n e t , It has n o t raine d.

63 i a t ' ; t e m d ) t g e ; r e g ' * n e t , It had not raine d.

63

ba'*geU,

It i s hailing.

63 ( ) a t

ge*bon^nert, It

h a s t h u n d e re d.

pnfj e l) nt e Hufga&e.

1 .

S ? e g ' ^ n e t

e3? 2 .

S l e t n ,

e 3

r e g ' * n e t

j e & t n i d ) t , cl'Mx c 3

f > a t

g e * r e g ' * n e t . 3 . £a t c3

g e * r e g ' * n e t , a l 3 i b r

{ p i . )

i n $>ot3'*bam

r a a r e t ? 4 . 3a , e g ^at f e b r f l a r f g e * r e g ' * n e t , a l 3 wir i n s 3 > o t 3 ' * )

bam r o a ' = r e n . 5 . £eu'*te ba t e 3 b i e r aud)

f e ^ r f l a r f

g e * r e g ' * n e t .

6 . 63 bat'4c nod) n i d ) t g c ^ r e g ' * n e t , a l 3 3o4;ann' u n b 2Bil'^elm

b i e r

r o a ' * r e n . 7 . © e'^ fte rn ba t e 3

g e * b a ' * g e l t u n b g e 4 > o n ' * n e r t .

8 .

< S d ) n e t t c 3

j e f c t

?

9 .

63

t y a t

b e u ' * t e

» i e l

g e * f d ) n e i t ' ,

a ' s b e r

j e f c t

f d ) n e i t e 3 n i d ) t mcbr. 10. £err

3 3 e ' * c f e r

ba t

ba g @e*maT*be

» o U l e n ' * b e t .

11. 2Ba g m a d tf bu , £ein'*rid)? 12. 3c§

f p t e ' 4 e

nur. 13. 2Bag m a d ) t 2 J ? a * r t e ' ? 14. © i e f u d ) t ba g © ud ).

Vocabulary.

S S I t ' = ^ e n ,

t o

l i g h t e n .

S D o n ' * n e r n , t o t h u n d e r .

^ a ' • g e l n ,

t o

h a i l .

8 t e g ' * n e n ,

t o

r a i n .

© d ) n e t ' * e t t , t o

s n o w .

3 K a ' * d ) e n ,

t o make, d o .

S S o I * l e n ' * b e n ,

t o

c o m p l e t e ,

f i n i s h .

S l u d ) ( a d v . ) , a l s o , t o o .

S D f e b r ( a r f w . ) ,

m o r e .

S R o d ) ( a d v . ) , s t i l l ,

y e t .

S f t u r

( ad v .) , o nl y .

S S i e l ( a d v . ) , much.

© t a r t ( a d v . ) ,

h a r d l y , s e v e r e l y .

S ) 0 0 © e * m S r * b e , p a i n t i n g ,

p i c t u r e .


38/229

IMPERSONAL

VERBS.

19

Grammatical.

1 .

Impersonal

verbs

t a k e

l)abcn,

t o

ha ve, a s

their

aux

iliary

in forming the Perfect and Pluperfect Te n s e s.

TheImpersonal Verb I j a ' = g c l l t , t o l u i i l , \ s conjugated t h u s

:

INDICATIVE MOOD.

P r e s e n t T e n s e : t i b a ' * g e l t , i t h a i l s .

I m p e r f e c t T e n s e : t i b a ' . g e l t C , i t h a i l e d .

P e r f e c t T en s e : t i h a t g f b a ' g e U t , i t h a s h a i l e d .

P l u p e r f e c t

T e n s e :

t i

b a t t e g c b a ' g e l ' t , i t

had h a i l e d .

2 .

When

the

stem

o f t h e

verb

ends

in

= c l

o r

t t X ,

u s u a l l y

only = t t i s added for t he t e r m in a t i on

o f

the Infinitive:

$ a ' g e f * j t ,

t o

h a i l . 2 5 o t t ' n e r * J t ,

t o

t h u n d e r .

i

3 .

When

the stem o f the verb ends in = t t , - t , o r = g t t , the

second

person

o f the

s i ng ul ar

o f the

pres e n t

t e n s e t a k e s

the

ending * t f t , and

t he third person

s i ng ul ar and

t he

second person plural t a k e = c t , a s:

I n f i n i t i v e :

2 . ( c U e n b * C H , t 0 f i n i s h ,

c o m p l e t e .

INDICATIVE

PRESENT.

S i n g u l a r . P l u r a l .

i d )

ttoUemM, I c o m p l e t e . t o i r

t o o f l e n b ' c n ,

we

c o m p l e t e .

b t t b o H e n b = e f t , t h o u

c o m p l e t e s t .

i b r t o o U e n b * t t , you

c o m p l e t e .

e r U o U e n b ' t t , h e c o m p l e t e s . f i e t o o U e t t b ^ c n , t h e y c o m p l e t e .

Hem. Thus r c g t t = C H f

t o

r a i n ,

h a s t i r c g t l * t t ,

i t r a i n s , i t i s r a i n i n g .

4 . The Perfect Tense i s oft e n employed

in

German

where in English the I mp e r f e c t Tense

would be

u s e d :

@8

l ) a t

g e f i e r n

g er eg i t C t , a l 8

t v i r

I t

r a i n e d

y e s t e r d a y

w h i l e

we

w e r e

i n

i r t

^ot8bam

K a r e n , P o t s d a m .

X_

°{

Exercise

1 6 .

1 . Is i t snowing? 2 . No, i t i s

hailing.

3 . It has n o t

been

hailing

( i t ha s not

hailed). 4 . It had

not h ai le d

much, but i t had snowed very much. 5 . It ha s been

thundering and

lightni ng

( i t

has thundered

and

light

e ne d).

6 .

It

had

not

t h u n d e r e d ,

but

i t

had

raine d.

7 .

Whati s William doing? 8 . He i s l o o k i n g for the b o o k.

9 . Who has had the book? 10. 1 have had the bo o k,

but I

have not

i t

now.

11. John

ha s

i t .


39/229

20

GENDER OF NOUNS.

LESSON IX.

OENDER

OF

NOUNS.

2Bo t f t b e r 3 3 f e i ' f t i f t ?

3d ) ba'be ben 3 3 l e i ' f t i f t ,

2Ber b a t ' t e

ben

© l e i ' f h f t ?

g r i e b ' r i d )

b a t ' t e i f y n ,

4Bo

i f t b i e

Din'te?

granjte'fa b a t b i e Dm'te,

2Ber b a t ' t e b i e Din'te?

f t a t b a r i ' n a

b a t ' t e

f t e ,

Where

i s t h e

lead-pencil.

I have the lead-pencil.

Who had the lead-pencil?

Frederick had

i t .

Where

i s t he

ink?

Frances ha s the ink?

Who

had

the ink?

Catharine

had

i t .

©ieknjcl)nte 2tuf(jak.

1 . 2B o i f l ber £ut?

2 . 3

ba'be ben £ut. 3 .

2Ber

f j a t ' t e

ben £ut g e b a b t ' ? 4 .

3Bil'belm

b a t ' t e i(m

g e b a b t ' .

5 . £ier i f t

e r . 6 . 2Bag wiinfd/te grieb'rid)? 7 . @r wunfd)'te ben Wt

g e n f d ) i r m . 8 . 3Bo

i f t e r ,

b a f t bu ibn g e b a b t ' ? 9 . S l e i n ,

i d )

^ a ' b e

i b n n i d ) t g e b a b t ' . 10. 2 l b , * » i f t e r . 11. £aft bu b i e S l u f ' g a b e

g e l e r n t ' ? 12.

S t e i n , i d ) ba'be

f t e

nod) n i d ) t g e l e r n t ' . 13.

Die

S l u f ' g a b e i f t j i e m ' l i d ) l a n g , aber f t e i f t n i d ) t f e b r f c ^ r o c r . 14. 2Ber

b a t b i e ge'ber u n b b i e Dtn'te, bat 2 1 1 ' b e r t f t e ? 15. S N e i n , 2 1 1 ' *

b e r t b a t f t e n i d ) t . 1 6. 2Be r b a t f t e , £atbari'na? 17. 3a , f t e

b a t f t e . 18.

2Bag nmnfd)t

£err S i c i n ' b a r t ? 19. @r n u i n f c ^ t

b i e 3eitung. 20. £aft

bu

b i e S e f t i o n ' f t u b i r t ' ? 21. 3a , i d )

b a ' b e f t e f t u b i r t ' , aber i d )

babe

f t e nod)

n i d ) t

g e l e r n t ' .

Vocabulary.

Sit S l u f ' g a b e, e xe rc i s e .

„

S e t t i o n ' ,

l e s s o n .

„

g c ' b c r , p e n .

„

® m ' t e , i n k . [ p e r .

„ 3 £ i ' t u n g , n e w s p a -

„ a R i l d ) , m i l k .

„ © a ' b e l , f o r k .

Gram m atic al.

1 .

Many

n o u n s ,

which in

English would be in

the

n eih

t e r gen d er, in German a re in t he m a scu li n e o r

in

t he

feminine gender

(see t he

above vocab u l a r y ).

2 ) C r 9 3 1 e i ' f t i f t , l e a d - p e u c i l .

„

§ u t ,

h a t .

n 9 i o c t

,

c o a t .

[ l a .

n 9 i e ' g e n f c b t r m , u m b r e l -

„

X i f d ) , t a b l e .

„

S e l ' l e r ,

p l a t e .

„ S f f e l , s p o o n .

S ) 0 8 S B u 4 , b o o k .

H

p a p i e r ' ,

p a p e r .

S e r ' n e n ,

t o

l e a r n .

2 B i l n ' f c l ) e n ■ t o w i s h .

8 a n g ( a e ? / . ) ,

l o n g .

Scbmer ( . a d j . ) , d i f f i c u l t .

3 t e m ' l i c b ( a d v . ) , q u i t e .


40/229

£ GENDER OP NOUNS. 21

Rem. I t i s v e r y l i f f i c u l t t o

l e a r n

t h e g e n d e r of

n o u n s

i n

German.

I t i s a l s o

v e r y i m p o r t a n t , s i n c e t h e form o f t h e a r t i c l e d e p e n d s

upon

t h e g e n d e r o f t h e

n o u n .

I t

i s

b e s t

t o

a l w a y s

a s s o c i a t e

t h e

a r t i c l e

w i t h

t h e

noun

w h i l e

l e a r n i n g

t h e meaning o f

t h e

n o u n , t h u s :

Set S B l e i ' f t i f t ,

l e a d - p e n c i l .

2 ) t e S l u f ' g ab e, e x e rc i s e . 2 ) < t 8

S u d ) ,

b o o k .

2 .

P e r s o n a l Pronouns

must have

the

grammatical

ge n

d e r o f the nouns for which they stand :

£ > a f t bu & C H S B I e i f t i f t ? Have you t h e l e a d - p e n c i l ?

9 i e i n , t c b h a b c H ) l t n i d ) t , N o , I h a v e n o t i t ( h i m ) .

§at g r a n j b i t 3 e i t u n g ? Ha s F r a n c i s t h e n e w s p a p e r ?

3 a , e r h a t f t e , Y e s , h e h a s i t ( h e r ) .

( j Exercise 1 8 .

l.What a re you looking for? 2 . 1 am l o o k i n g for the

newspaper;

have

you

had

it? 3 . Y e s , I have

had

i t , but

I have not i t now. 4 .

Who

ha s it? 5 . Mrs. Klein ha s

i t . 6 . Has William l e a r n e d the le s s o n ? 7 . No, he ha s

not l e a r n e d i t yet.

8 .

What d i d t he

cook buy?

9 . He

bought the bre ad , t he butter, t he f l o u r , the m ilk,

and

t he

f r u i t .

10.

Where

i s

t he

chair?

11.

There

i t

i s .

12.

What i s the tailor looking for? 13. He i s looking for

the coat.

14.

Here i t

i s . 15. Whatd o e s

the cook

want

(wish)? 16.

He

wishes

the knife, t he sp o o n,

and

t he

fork. 17. Here they are. 18. Has he

t he

plate? 19.

Y e s ,

he

ha s

i t . 20. Has Mary the pen and the ink? 21.

Y e s , s he has them. 22.

Have

you t he paper

and

t he

lea d-pencil?

23.

Y e s ,

but

I

have

n o t

the

b o o k .

LESSON X.

P R E P O S I T I O N S

WITH THE ACCUSATIVE C A S E .

$ u r r o e n i f l b e r 9 l o c f ? For whom i s the

c o a t ?

@r i f t m d ) t

fu r

mid),

It i s n o t for m e .

C £ r i f t fur £emt

^ l e i n ,

It i s for Mr. Kle i n.

£aft

bu

ba g

33anb?

Have

you

the

ribbon?

9 i e i t t , e g i f t

um ben

£ut, No, i t

i s

around

t he hat.

#afi bu ben £ut

gefauft?

Did you buy t he

hat?


41/229

22 PREPOSITIONS WITH THE ACCUSATIVE CASE.

SWn, c r i f t fu r mid) j u grof, No, i t i s t o o large for me.

I ) e r ©art'ner

f i t y r ' t e u n $ burd)

The gardener

conducted

u s

ben

©ar'ten,

through

the

g a r d e n .

SHcuujellnte 2lufpk.

1 .

£a t S H ' b r e d ) t ben £ut g c f a u f t ' ?

2 . S t e t n , c r

b ) a t t|m m#t

g e f a u f t ' . 3 . Sarmn' f > a f c r ifm n t d ) t g c f a u f t ' ? 4 . 2 B c i l c r f i i r

ibn j u

f l e i n i f t . 5 .

3ft c r f i i r b i d )

ju

Item?

6 . S t o u t ,

e r i f t f u r

m t c b ■ n i d ) t

j u

f l e t n .

7 .

gur

r o e n i f t ber

2 3 r i e f ? 8 .

@r i f t f u t

gra u

£ e r ' t e r .

9 .

g i i r r o e n

l > a t b e r

? e b / r e r ba 8

33ud) g e f a u f t ' ?

10. @r b a t

e g

f i i r ben © d ) i i ' l e r g c f a u f t ' . 11. 2 ) e r

33erg

i f t

f e ^ r

( w c b ■

u n b f t e t l . 12. Der

3a'ger

ba t u n g burd) ben 2Balb u n b

urn ben 33erg g e f u ^ r t ' . 13. ©e'flem w a r e g b i g ge'geu 2 1 ' b e n b

f e b r w a r m , a ' b e r b i c 9 i a d ) t w a r a t e m ' l i d ) f a i t . 14. Dt e S t i r ' c h e i f t

f e b > g r o f j , aber f e b r f d ) o n

i f t

f t e n i c ^ t . 15. 2 ) t e @tabt i f t

f e b r

g r o f j

u n b

f d ) 6 n .

16. £err Sinb'ner ba t u n g

burd) b t e

< S t a b t

g e f i i b r t ' . 17.

| > a t b e r

£od )

b t e ©ut'ter

u n b ba g

Dbft

f d ) o n

g e *

h o l t ' ?

18.

3a ,

e r

f y a t

f t e

f d ) o n

g e b o l t ' .

Vocabulary.

S B i 8 ( p r e p . ) , u n t i l ,

t i l l .

. ■ .

®Urd>

( p r e p . ) , t h r o u g h .

g i l r

( p r e / > . 5 ,

f o r .

j j © e ' g e n ( p r e p . ) , t o w a r d .

£ ) b / n e ( p r e p . ) , w i t h o u t .

Um ( p r e p . ) ,

a r o u n d .

J B i ' b e r ( p r e p . ) , a g a i n s t .

$U

( a d o . ) ,

t o o .

2 5 o d )

( c o b / . ) , y e t , h o w e v e r .

S B e i t ( c o n j . ) , b e c a u s e .

© d ) 3 n , b e a u t i f u l .

§ c ( b , h i g h .

© t e i l , s t e e p .

g i l f o ' r e n , t o g u i d e , c o n d u c t , t a k e .

£ > o ' l e n , t o p r o c u r e , g o and g e t .

Set 2 l ' b e n b , e v e n i n g .

„

S B r t e f ,

l e t t e r .

n S e r g , m o u n t a i n .

„ § i l ' g e l , h i l l .

„ ©ar' t e n ,

g a r d e n .

„

© S r t ' n e r , g a r d e n er .

„ S e b ' r e r , t e a c h e r .

„

© c b i l ' l e r ,

s c h o l a r .

„ S S ' - g e r ,

h u n t e r .

„ S B a l b ,

w o o d s , f o r e s t .

„ S C S a ' g e n ,

w a g o n .

2 ) t e

J f i t ' d ) e , c h u r c h .

„ 9 i a c b t , n i g h t .

„

© t a b t , c i t y .

Sa § ^ f e r b , h o r s e .

Grammatical.

The

seven

Prepositions

given

in

t he

Vocabulary,

b t 3 ,

b u r d ) ,

f i i r ,

g e ' g e n ,

o b / n e , u m , w i ' b e r , r e q u i r e t he

noun o r

pronoun which follo w s them to be in t he Accusative Ca s a


42/229

THE

INDEFINITE

ARTICLE.

23

Exercise 20.

1 . It

was

very warm until1 toward evening, but now

i t i s

very

cold.

2 .

The

city

i s

small,

but

i t

i s

very

beau

t i f u l . 3 . For whomd i d Mr . Kdr'ner buy the

book?

4 .

He bought i t for George. 5 . The hill i s not very high,

but i t i s very

steep.

6 . The forest around t he hill i s

very large. 7 .

The hunter

took

Mr.Wer'ner through

the forest

and

around the h i l l . 8 . The ribbon i s not

around t he h a t ; where

i s

it? 9.1

have not had

i t ;

Mary

had

i t .

10.

Mary,

I

wish

t he

ribbon.

11.

Here

i t

i s .

12. Have you been to ge t the

paper and

the ink?

13. No, I have not been to get them yet. 14.

For

whom

do

you

wish t he pencil? 15. 1 wish i t for t he teacher.

16. Mr.Wil'marth bought t he horse, but he d id not buy

the wagon.

17.

Why d id

he

not buy t he

wagon?

18.

Because i t was t o o d ear.

4-

^ . LESSON XI.

THE

I N D E F I N I T E

A R T I C L E .

$ter

i f t cm 2 3 l e i ' f K f t ,

Here i s

a

lead-pencil.

3d ) w i i n ' f d ) e

c i ' n e n

S l e i ' f H f t , I

wish a

lead-pencil.

@r wunfd)t e i ' n e

g e ' b e r , He

wishes a pen.

| > i c r i f t e i ' n e g e ' b e r , Here i s a

pen.

2 B i i n ' f d ) e f t

bu

c i n 2 ) ? e f

f e r ? Doyou

wish

a

k n if e?

£ > i e r i f t c i n 2 t t c p f e r , Here i s a knife.

[that?

2Bag fu r e i n 33ud) i f t

bag? What kind

o f a book i s

Dag i f t

e i ' n e

© r a m m a'tif, That i s a grammar, [that?

2Bag fur e i n e

© l u ' m e

i f t bag?

What

kind o f a flo w e r

i s

Dag

i f t

e i ' n e S l o ' f e , That

i s

a rose.

^tnunbjioanjtgfte Slufflak.

1.3Bagfud)ftbu?

2 .

3d )

f u ' d ) c

e i ' n e u

S R e ' g e n f d ) i r m .

3 . Da

i f t c i n

a S c ' g e n f d ) t r m .

4 .

2Bag

ba t

£ e i n ' r i d ) b e u ' t c

g c f a u f t ' ?

5.

G s r ba t e i ' n e n £ut u n b c i ' n e u S i o c f g e f a u f t ' . 6 . 2Bag b a f t bu f u r


43/229

24 THE

INDEFINITE

ARTICLE.

mid)

? 7 .

3d ) f j a b e einen ©rtef

f u r b i d ) . 8 .

3Bag w u r . f d ) t £ert

D i c t ' r i c & ? 9 . < £ r n u i n f d ) t e i n e 3ci'tung. 10. £ier i f t e i ' n e

3et'tung.

11.

2Bag

w i i n f c b t

G f j a r l o t ' t e ?

12.

© i e

wunfd)t

e i ' *

n en Seller,

e i ' n e n

goffel, e i n S W c f ' f e r u n b

e i ' n e

© a'bel. 13.

2Bag f i i r e i ' n e n £ut ba t £ e i n ' r i d ) g e f a u f t ' ? 14. gr f ) a t e i ' n e n

©trob'but g e f a u f t ' . 15. 2Bag fu r e i n £ut i f t bag? 16. Dag

t f t e i n © t r o f ) m t . 17. £ier i f t e i n S T p f e l , u n b ba

i f f c c i ' n e

©ir'ne.

18. 2Bag f u r e i n 33 a u m

i f t

bag? 19. 2)ag i f t e i n 91'pfelbaum.

20.

2Bag f i i r e i n e

f f i l u ' m e b a f t bu? 21. 3d )

babe e i n e

9W'fe.

22. 2Bag f i i r e i n 33ud) b a f t bu ? 23. 3d )

babe

e i ' n e © r a m m a'tif.

G i n , e t ' n e , e i n , a , a n .

2 3 a 8 f i i r e i n ? what

k i n d

o f a ?

SCr

2 1 ' p f e l , a p p l e .

„ S l ' p f e l t a u m ,

a p p l e - t r e e .

i ,

© t r o b ' b u t , s t r a w h a t .

Si C © i ' c b e , oak

( t r e e ) .

n S S i r ' n e , p e a r ( f r u i t ) .

M S S l u ' m e , f l o w e r .

Vocabulary.

S > t e

S i ' l i e ( S i M U t ) ,

l i l y .

„ S M ' f e , p i n k .

„ S R o ' f e , r o s e .

„ 9 i a ' b e l , n e e d l e .

n

© t e c f ' n a b e l , p i n .

„

S l r i t b m e ' t i t , a r i t h m e t i c .

„

© r a m m a ' t i f ,

g t - a m m a r .

2 > 0 § © t r o b , s t r a w .

Grammatical.

1 .

The Definite Article C t l t , a ,

o r

a n , i s d e c l i n e d

t h u s

:

M a s c u l i n e .

F e m i n i n e . N e u t e r .

N o m i n a t i v e : C i l t , C i t t = C , C t t t .

A c c u s a t i v e .

C t n = C t t ,

C i n = e , C i n .

N o m i n a t i v e :

b a

i f t

c i l t 3 J c a n n , c i t u e grau unb e t n S i n b ,

t h e r e i s a man, a woman, and a c h i l d .

A c c u s a t i v e :

i c f a

f e b e

e i t t = e t t

9 K a n n ,

e i t t = e

gran u nb

c i l t

S i n b ,

O b j e c t i v e :

I

s e e

a

man,

a

woman,

and

a

c h i l d .

2 . SBaS f i i r C i t t ? i s rendered i n t o English by whatkind

ofa?

t h u s:

S B a 8 f i i r e i n

SKann? Wh at

k i n d

o f

a

m a n ?

2 B a 8 f i i r

e i n e

grau? Wh at

k i n d o f a w o m a n ?

S B a 8 f i i r

C t U

f t i n b

? What

k i n d o f

a

c h i l d

?

Rem.

1 . P e c u l i a r u s e s

o f

w o r d s i n a l a n g u a g e a r e t e r m e d

i d i o m s .

Rem. 2 . I n t h e

i d i o m a t i c

e x p r e s s i o n

t o a §

f i i r

C t t t ,

t h e p r e p o s i t i o n f i i r h a s

n o e f f e c t upon t h e f o r m o f t h e a r t i c l e C i t t , b u t

t h i s

i s d e t e r m i n e d by o t h e r

w o r d s

i n

t h e

s e n t e n c e , t h u s :

S E B a 8

f i i r c i t t

9 f o c f

i f t ba8?

Wh at k i n d

o f a c o a t i s t h a t ?

2 3 a 8 f i i r

C i t t C J t

9 i o c I ( ) f l t C V ? What k i n d

o f

a c o a t h a s h e ?


44/229

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.

25

3 . The

neuter

o f the demonstrative

pronoun

bdSt that,

i s used

a s

referring

to

nouns

o f

all genders :

S D a 8

i f l

t i n

2 l ' l > f e l b a u m

( i n a s c ) ,

That

i s

an

a p p l e - t r e e .

S ) a 8

i f l

t i n e S i o ' f e ( / e m . ) , That i s a

r o s e .

© O8 t f i e t n U n ' f r a u t ( n e u t . ) , That i s a w e e d .

Exercise

22.

1

.

What i s

William

looking

First Book to Precede German Course George Comfort

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Transcript of First Book to Precede German Course George Comfort