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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
Skill Development Course
BSAC
THE BRITISH SUB AQUA CLUB
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
Skill Development CourseBSAC First Aid for
Course
THE BRITISH SUB AQUA CLUB
Page 1
Student Notes
Skill Development Course
First Aid for Diver
Course Manual
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 2
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
SKILL DEVELOPMENT COURSE
BSAC FIRST AID
FOR DIVERS
STUDENT NOTES
British Sub-Aqua Club, BSAC Thailand
9/ 33 Post Office Road, Mae Haad, Koh Tao, Koh Phangan, Surratthani, 84360, Thailand
Tel: 0860589408 Fax: +66 (0)77 456782 www.bsacthailand.com [email protected]
All rights reserved. This Instructor Manual may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced or translated, or converted into any electronic or readable form without prior written consent of British Sub-Aqua Club
BSAC Thailand under License from BSAC International
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 3
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
COURSE AIMS
To teach the basics of First Aid likely to be needed in the sports diving environment and making use of the recourses likely to be available at the time. This will include the improvisation of dressing, splints etc using materials and equipment commonly available on the dive site or in the boat. PRINCIPLES AND PRIORITIES OF FIRST AID
What is First Aid?
The application of accepted principles of treatment on the occurrence of any injury or sudden illness, using facilities or materials available at the time. Propose of First Aid To do the minimum necessary to:
preserve life limit the effects of the condition promote recovery
The First Aider Role and Responsibilities
assess the situation diagnose what is wrong give appropriately prioritised treatment remain with the casualty until the casualty is either evacuated to medical attention or is fully
recovered responsibility ends when the casualty is handed over to medical personnel and a report
given Priorities Assessing the situation
be calm and take charge ensure the safety of yourself and the casualty guard against further casualties reassure the casualty get others to help
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 4
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
Diagnosis
incident history signs symptoms
Priorities of Treatment Preserve life Basic Life Support
adequate airways (A) adequate breathing (B) adequate circulation (C)
Control bleeding Limit the effects of the condition
treat for shock dress the wounds immobilise large wounds and fractures comfortable position
Promote recovery
reassure casualty relieve the pain handle casualty gently keep casualty warm arrange for evacuation to medical aid
Multiple Casualties
Priorities 1 - non-breathing casualties airways and resuscitation 2 - unconscious breathing casualties / recovery position 3 - severe bleeding
identify and treat most serious condition treat others as circumstances allow noisiest casualty is rarely the most seriously injured
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
Hygiene
Major injuries � saving life is the priority, worry about infections later Minor injuries � cleanliness essential
First Aid considerations:
body fluids have the potential to be infectious emotion should not be allowed to blow the potential risk of infection out of proportion infections need a means of entry whole skin is an effective barrier; as an added precaution, if possible, wear disposable gloves if in contact with body fluids wash with soap and water clean up spilt body fluids with household bleach any perceived risks should not discourage First Aid post event checks for possible exposure are available if in any doubt
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) REVIEW
In water life support sequence
BLS on land
Continue Basic Life Support at a ratio of 2 breaths every 30 seconds first aid duties if more than one operator
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
saving life is the priority, worry about infections later cleanliness essential to prevent a minor problem being aggravated by infection
ody fluids have the potential to be infectious emotion should not be allowed to blow the potential risk of infection out of proportioninfections need a means of entry whole skin is an effective barrier; as an added precaution, if possible, wear disposable glovesif in contact with body fluids wash with soap and water clean up spilt body fluids with household bleach any perceived risks should not discourage First Aid
st event checks for possible exposure are available if in any doubt
REVIEW
at a ratio of 2 breaths every 30 seconds until assistance arrivesfirst aid duties if more than one operator
Page 5
Student Notes
to prevent a minor problem being aggravated by infection
emotion should not be allowed to blow the potential risk of infection out of proportion
whole skin is an effective barrier; as an added precaution, if possible, wear disposable gloves
until assistance arrives. Share
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 6
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
● If it has not already happened, the rescuer needs to arrange for someone to contact the emergency services ● The rescuer should remain with the casualty and continue first aid. When the emergency services arrive they should be given all details of the incident and first aid given
No two rescues will be the same. The likelihood is that there will be other divers able to render assistance from an early stage in the rescue. Whatever a rescuer does they will, by force of circumstance, have to compromise to achieve the best they can at the time. Because of the stress and exertion involved in a rescue, the more qualified assistance there is, such as good surface support, the more they can help and assist the rescuer as soon as possible. CASUALTY EXAMINATION
Assess and record: history responsiveness � sight, speech symptoms � information from the casualty physical examination
- minimal movement of the patient - head to toe sequence - compare both sides of the casualty�s body
Head
Skull � swelling, indentations Face � colour, skin, temperature, breathing Eyes � pupil size, response to light Ears � hearing, blood, fluids Nose � appearance, blood, fluid Mouth � breathing, odour, wounds, irregularity, discolouration
Neck � loosen clothing, warning medallions, vertebrate, tenderness, bruising
Trunk � chest movement, symmetrical collar bones and ribs, wounds, tenderness, incontinence
Back and Spine � vertebrate, swelling, tenderness
Upper limbs - check movement , bruising, swelling, deformity, warning bracelet, feeling
Lower limbs � check movement, bruising, swelling, deformity, feeling
Feet � movement, feeling, colour deformity
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 7
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
SUMMONING ASSISTANCE
Diving Incident
Coastguard
VHF Radio � channel 16 (PAN PAN Medico) 999/911 Telephone
Royal Navy (UK)
Telephone 0831 151523, Duty Diving Medical Officer�s mobile number State that you have a diving emergency The Duty Diving Medical Officer will:
- give you medical advice - advice of the location of the nearest recompression facilities - advice on relevant telephone numbers
He will not be able to:
- arrange transport - advise of the availability of the recompression facility
It is the diving party�s responsibility to:
- contact the recompression facilities - establish which facility can accept the casualty - arrange for casualty evacuation via the local emergency services
Have details ready to give to the Coastguard / Duty Diving Medical Officer and go with the casualty to the medical facility:
- dive history - description of signs and symptoms and when they occurred - details of any First Aid given (e.g. Oxygen administration etc)
Non-diving incident
Ambulance service
- telephone 999/911 call - give clear and concise details of the incident - give clear and concise details of the dive location - ensure that the person making the call report back to the First Aider
Have the relevant information ready for the arrival of the medical aid
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 8
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
SHOCK
Definition
Inadequate circulation leading to tissue damage due to inadequate tissue oxygenation and waste removal
Mechanism and causes
Reduced blood volume (Hypovolaemic Shock)
massive bleeding plasma loss due to burns plasma loss due to bruising prolonged seasickness
Massive dilation of the blood vessels (Low Resistance Shock)
fainting hyperthermia
Inadequate cardiac output (Cardiogenic Shock)
heart Attack pulmonary barotrauma
Allergic reactions (Anaphylactic Shock) � drugs, food, stings etc
Long period of immersion (Immersion Shock) - Removal from the water � keep casualty horizontal
Signs and Symptoms
casualty feels weak, faint and giddy casualty is anxious and restless casualty may feel nauseous and vomit casualty may feel thirsty pale, cold clammy skin profuse sweating rapid shallow breathing, yawning and sighing rapid weak pulse unconsciousness
First Aid measures
treat the prime cause keep the casualty quiet and reassured lay casualty down with legs raised (not if DCI burst lungs is involved)
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
B
keep casualty warm and comfortable administrate 100% oxygen nothing by mouth, moisten lips only evacuate to medical attention
WOUNDS AND BLEEDING
Wounds
Definition: any damage to the skin or underlying tissues an �open� wound is where the skin is a �closed� wound occurs to underlying tissue beneath the whole skin
Types of Wound:
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
eep casualty warm and comfortable (DO NOT apply heat) administrate 100% oxygen nothing by mouth, moisten lips only evacuate to medical attention
any damage to the skin or underlying tissues an �open� wound is where the skin is breached a �closed� wound occurs to underlying tissue beneath the whole skin
Page 9
Student Notes
a �closed� wound occurs to underlying tissue beneath the whole skin
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
General First Aid Aims:
minimise blood loss help body cope with blood loss treat for shock
Control bleeding by:
direct pressure indirect pressure at pressure point (release every 10 minutes) elevation of the effective area DO NOT use tourniquets
Pressure Points
Definition:
a point where an artery presses skin
Bleeding
The body responds to bleeding by: Blood clotting Contraction of the blood vessels at the site of the wound
Platelets
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
loss
indirect pressure at pressure point (release every 10 minutes) elevation of the effective area
a point where an artery presses over an underlying bone while close to the surface of the
body responds to bleeding by:
Contraction of the blood vessels at the site of the wound
Fibrin Thread Blood Clot
Page 10
Student Notes
over an underlying bone while close to the surface of the
Blood Clot
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 11
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
Open
Locations:
Open wounds First aid for severe bleeding
apply pressure (directly or indirectly as appropriate) to control bleeding raise and support the injured part if dressing is inadequate apply further dressing on top-do NOT remove existing dressing bandage firmly over dressing immobilise affected area to prevent disturbance of blood clotting
First Aid for minor bleeding
cleanse wound dry wound apply sterile dressing apply firm bandage check circulation downstream of wound
Internal Bleeding Signs and symptoms
Pressure Points held for no more than 10 minutes
Temporal Carotid
Subclavian
Brachial
Ulnar
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 12
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
Signs of shock without obvious blood loss
pallor cold , clammy, pale skin rapid weak pulse thirst confusion, restlessness, irritability collapse, unconsciousness pain and tenderness totally out of proportion to extent of visible damage pattern bruising coughing / spitting blood of blood in faeces or urine
First Aid treatment
lie casualty down with legs raised arrange urgent removal to medical care
Check and record condition at 10 minute intervals
- breathing - pulse - level of response - If casualty looses consciousness, place them in the
recovery position
BURNS
Types of burns
Dry burns
flames hot engine exhaust �rope burns� electrical burns
Scalds
hot water steam
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
Chemical burns
Acids (e.g. boat engine batteries)
Classification:
Area
1% or more of the body surface area affected will need medical attention The area of the hand is approximately 1% 9% or more of the body area will need hospitalization
Wallace�s rule of nine�s
head upper chest upper back 9% arm (each) 9% abdomen 9% lower back 9% thigh (each) 9% lower leg (each)
Depth
Superficial � outer layer of skin only
redness swelling extreme tenderness
Partial � thickness � can be infected
blisters surrounding area swollen and red
Full- thickness � relatively pain free due to damaged nerves
skin appears waxy and pale sometime charring
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
(e.g. boat engine batteries)
1% or more of the body surface area affected will need medical attentionThe area of the hand is approximately 1% of the body surface area 9% or more of the body area will need hospitalization
9% 9%
upper back 9% ) 9%
abdomen 9% lower back 9% thigh (each) 9%
9%
of skin only
can be infected
surrounding area swollen and red
relatively pain free due to damaged nerves
kin appears waxy and pale
Page 13
Student Notes
1% or more of the body surface area affected will need medical attention
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 14
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
Signs and symptoms
severe pain at the sight of injury numbness if a deep burn sometimes blistering grey, charred, peeling skin shock
Electrical burns
superficial surface injury extensive damage to lower layers Cardiac Arrest?
General treatment � superficial burns and scalds
reassure the casualty cool the affected area
- gently running cold water - 10 minutes minimum
remove constrictions before swelling starts
protect the affected area DO NOT :
- break blisters � natures natural protection - apply lotions, ointments etc - use adhesive dressings
General treatment � partial and full thickness burns
Note: for electrical burns ensure electricity supply is disconnected
lay casualty down gently remove constriction before swelling starts Carefully remove fluid soaked clothing, DO NOT remove dry clothing use unmedicated sterile dressings immobilize badly burned limbs treat for shock If Conscious, give frequent sips of cold water recovery position evacuate to medical attention if burns are greater than 1% of body surface area
General treatment � chemical burns
flood the affected part with water
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
flood for a minimum of 10 minutes ensure water drains clear of the unaffected areas gently remove contaminated clothing avoid spreading the contamination avoid self contamination continue as for partial and full thickness burns
MISCELENAEOUS INJURIES
Mask squeeze
Cause
Inadequate equalization of the mask volume on decent
Signs
bruised/swollen facial tissue bruised haemorrhaged eyes
First Aid treatment
self healing reassurance medical attention if painful casualty should reframe from diving until clear and taught how to prevent a recurrence
EAR PROBLEMS
Structure
Causes
Inadequate ear clearing on decent Tight hood on decent
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
for a minimum of 10 minutes ensure water drains clear of the unaffected areas gently remove contaminated clothing avoid spreading the contamination
continue as for partial and full thickness burns
Inadequate equalization of the mask volume on decent
ed/swollen facial tissue ruised haemorrhaged eyes
edical attention if painful asualty should reframe from diving until clear and taught how to prevent a recurrence
Inadequate ear clearing on decent
Page 15
Student Notes
asualty should reframe from diving until clear and taught how to prevent a recurrence
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 16
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
Blocked Eustachian tube on ascent
Sign and symptoms
pain � which maybe suddenly reduce giddiness/vertigo hearing disturbances � tinnitus deafness possible bleeding from the ear
First Aid treatment
cover the ear with a sterile dressing place head in an attitude that allows the blood to drain out of the ear obtain medical attention refrain from diving until cleared by a doctor to resume
SINUSES
Frontal Ethmoidal
TEETH
Causes
air pockets trapped behind fillings cavities with narrow openings
Signs and symptoms
Maxillary
Cause
Blocked entry to sinus
Signs and symptoms
acute pain in the affected area possible blood discharge from
nose
First Aid Treatment
no direct first aid possible pain killers medical aid in serve cases
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
se
Injuries
sensitivity/pain in tooth during ascent and /or descent dislodged filling /split tooth possible bleeding from the gum
First Aid Treatment
for pain only, refer casualty to dentist for rectification of cavity before further diving for damage to tooth /bleeding, place pad to prevent contact of injured area with other teeth
and evacuate to medical attention
BLAST INJURY
Injuries are due to:
overpressure bruising separation between adjacent tissues soft tissue damage limbs damaged or amputation
Shrapnel
high velocity /energy particles possible multiple wounds small entry wounds / serve underlying tissue damage major organ damage
First Aid treatment
no specific treatment � combined normal First Aid actions for various types of injury counter bleeding treat fractures make casualty comfortable treat for shock arrange for medical attention at the earliest point that priorities dictate
Causes
exploding cylinder burst (failing hose) explosives - extremely unlikely in SPORT
Injuries in air can be very dramatic. Underwater can produce profound internal damage with injuries
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
ensitivity/pain in tooth during ascent and /or descent
possible bleeding from the gum
or pain only, refer casualty to dentist for rectification of cavity before further divingfor damage to tooth /bleeding, place pad to prevent contact of injured area with other teeth
o medical attention
separation between adjacent tissues
limbs damaged or amputation
igh velocity /energy particles
serve underlying tissue damage
combined normal First Aid actions for various types of injury
make casualty comfortable
attention at the earliest point that priorities dictate
extremely unlikely in SPORT diving
Injuries in air can be very dramatic. Underwater can produce profound internal damage with little or no visible
Page 17
Student Notes
or pain only, refer casualty to dentist for rectification of cavity before further diving for damage to tooth /bleeding, place pad to prevent contact of injured area with other teeth
combined normal First Aid actions for various types of injury
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
SEASICKNESS
Cause
effect of motion on balance mechanism frequency and nature of the motion affect people different
Prevention /minimization
diet location in the boat visual horizon constrictions anti-seasickness measures different motion once in the water
Signs and symptoms
nausea pallor vomiting headache loss of co-ordination casualty becomes irrational
Treatment
lay /sit casualty down keep warm secure casualty to prevent injury or from falling overboard remove to stable environment
HYPOTHERMIA
Definition
body temperature drops below 35 C moderate hypothermia recovery is unlikely when
fallen below 26-24 C
Cause
Inadequate protection against a cold environment
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
ffect of motion on balance mechanism frequency and nature of the motion affect people different
seasickness measures- tables, pads, wristbands, adaptation ifferent motion once in the water
asualty becomes irrational
ecure casualty to prevent injury or from falling overboard emove to stable environment
ody temperature drops below 35 C oderate hypothermia
ecovery is unlikely when the body temperature has
Inadequate protection against a cold environment
Page 18
Student Notes
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
water conducts heat 25 times faster than air wind chill /evaporation
Signs and symptoms
Treatment
insulation, around and underneath lay casualty down, keep quiet place casualty in the recovery position if unconscious keep hand and arms away from direct contact with the body trunk place in a warm sheltered environment replace or cover wet clothing administrate hot sweet drinks BLS if required evacuate to medical attention
Do not:
give the casualty alcohol rub or massage the casualty limbs allow the casualty to perform any exercise
In extreme circumstances where medical aid is not available:
Apply GENTLE heat to the bod Aim to re-warm at the same rate that the body was originally cooled
HYPERTHERMIA
Heat exhaustion is the aspect of hyperthermia most likely to be encountered in the UK. Other aspects of hyperthermia, such as heat stroke, aThey are not covered in this course when it is run in the UK.
Causes
exercise in warm climates, e.g. on diving holiday in the Tropics overheating in the UK summer temperatures when wearing dry suit,
involved in heavy exercise sweating results in loss of salt from the body aggravated by stomach upset with diarrhea and vomiting
Signs and symptoms
casualty feels exhausted and restless
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
ater conducts heat 25 times faster than air
nsulation, around and underneath the casualty ay casualty down, keep quiet lace casualty in the recovery position if unconscious
keep hand and arms away from direct contact with the body trunk place in a warm sheltered environment replace or cover wet clothing
drinks
evacuate to medical attention
ive the casualty alcohol rub or massage the casualty limbs allow the casualty to perform any exercise
In extreme circumstances where medical aid is not available:
heat to the body trunk, not to the extremities warm at the same rate that the body was originally cooled
is the aspect of hyperthermia most likely to be encountered in the UK. Other aspects of hyperthermia, such as heat stroke, are only likely to be encountered in hot climates. They are not covered in this course when it is run in the UK.
xercise in warm climates, e.g. on diving holiday in the Tropics in the UK summer temperatures when wearing dry suit,
involved in heavy exercise sweating results in loss of salt from the body aggravated by stomach upset with diarrhea and vomiting
asualty feels exhausted and restless
Page 19
Student Notes
is the aspect of hyperthermia most likely to be encountered in the UK. Other re only likely to be encountered in hot climates.
in the UK summer temperatures when wearing dry suit, particularly when
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 20
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
headache, dizziness, nausea muscular cramps in lower limbs pale face, cold clammy skin breathing fast and shallow, pulse rapid and weak temperature normal or falls
Treatment
lay casualty down in a cool place if conscious give slips of cold water if sweating profusely, diarrhea and /or vomiting give half a teaspoonful of salt to each litre of
water place in recovery position if unconscious evacuate to medical aid
Exhaustion
Cause
overexertion aggravated by heat, cold, depth illness
Signs and symptoms
deep labored breathing headache confusion body unable to respond, either physically or mentally, to the demands placed upon it
First Aid Treatment
cease physical activity lay casualty down keep casualty quiet if underwater
- settle on a stationary object - regain control of breathing - control buoyant ascent - provide surface buoyancy - assist from the water
Exhaustion is a common indicator of decompression sickness
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
INJURIES TO MUSCLES, BONES AND JOINTS
The skeleton
Provides support to the body tissues Protects the major organs Enable moment
The muscles
Cause movement Operate vital functions
- respiration - circulation
Strains
Definition � overstretching of a muscle
Signs and symptoms
sudden sharp pains at the site swelling in limb muscle
Sprain
Definition � wrenching or tearing of ligaments or tissue at a joint
Sign and symptoms
pain at joint swelling bruising and discolouration (later) inability to move joint without pain
First Aid Treatment of strains and sprains
R � rest, supported in the most comfortable position I � ice bag or cold water compress C - compression with cotton wool and bandage E � elevation of the injured area and evacuate to medical aid
FRACTURES
Definition � broken or cracked bone
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
INJURIES TO MUSCLES, BONES AND JOINTS
Provides support to the body tissues Protects the major organs
overstretching of a muscle
udden sharp pains at the site of injury welling in limb muscles
wrenching or tearing of ligaments or tissue at a joint
ruising and discolouration (later) nability to move joint without pain
strains and sprains
rest, supported in the most comfortable position ice bag or cold water compress compression with cotton wool and bandage elevation of the injured area and evacuate to medical aid
cracked bone
Page 21
Student Notes
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
Causes
Indirect Force Direct Force
Muscle contraction
Types
Closed Fracture � Broken bone under the skin
Open Fractures � Bone protruding through the skin
Associated, organs, tissue, nerve or blood vessel
Sign and symptoms
sound visible bone ends pain deformity crepitus tenderness to gentle pressure swelling / bruising loss of power to the limb shock
General rules for treatment
rarely life threatening immobilize where lay
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
Indirect Force Direct Force
Broken bone under the skin
Bone protruding through the skin
Associated, organs, tissue, nerve or blood vessel
enderness to gentle pressure
Page 22
Student Notes
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
steadily until splinted gentle traction above and below break support in the most comfortable position dress open fracture before splinting transport slowly and deliberately don�t miss other less obvious condition
treat for shock nothing by mouth
Practical considerations
Uninjured limbs make good splints Splint
- sufficient rigidity - sufficient length
padding use natural hollows tie knots on uninjured side or against splints don�t bind too tightly
- impedes circulation - allow for swelling - raise injury if possible
Dislocation
Definition � displacement of one or more bones at a
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS
entle traction above and below break upport in the most comfortable position ress open fracture before splinting ransport slowly and deliberately on�t miss other less obvious conditions
Uninjured limbs make good splints
ie knots on uninjured side or against splints
aise injury if possible � minimizes bleeding / swelling
displacement of one or more bones at a joint
Page 23
Student Notes
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 24
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
Sign and symptoms
pain fixity of joint deformity /abnormal appearance of joint swelling and bruising
First Aid Treatment
support in the most comfortable position refer to medical aid DO NOT attempt to reset the joint
May accompany a fracture � if in doubt treat as a fracture
FIRST AID KIT
Small boat kit
2 - large sterile dressings 2 � triangle bandages rescue blanket or large polyphone bag several safety pins
Items should be individually wrapped in sealed plastic bags.
The whole kit should be housed in a waterproof container
Supplement kit by improvisation using boat equipment and diving kit
Dive Marshal�s Kit
Contents
First aid instructions 6 each, small, medium and large standard dressing Large pack of assorted adhesive dressing 4 large triangle bandages 50 mm crepe bandage 10 assorted safety pins 3 - 50 mm of roller bandages Roll of 25 mm zinc oxide plaster Scissors, tweezers Pack of sterile cotton wool Disposable gloves and a rescue blanket / plastic bag
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© BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Page 25
FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Student Notes
BSAC SKILL DEVELOPMENT COURSES (SDC�s)
www.bsacthailand.com [email protected]
If you enjoyed this course why not try one of the following courses; available from any
of our BSAC Dive Centres
Rescue Courses
- Oxygen Administrator - First Aid for Divers - Rescue Manager - Lifesaver Award - Advanced Lifesaver Award
Technical Diving Courses
- Deep Air Diver - Nitrox Diver - Combined Advanced Nitrox - Extended Range Diving - Gas Blender - Compressor Management - Full Face Mask - Equipment Care
Seamanship Courses
- Powerboat Handling for Divers - Dive site location and Surface
Navigation (Chart work and Position Fixing)
- Diver Coxswain Award - Outboard Engine Maintenance
Other Specialized Courses
- Buoyancy Workshop - Digital Underwater
Photography - Pro - Videographer - Dive Site Mapping
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