Fire Hydrant Systembombaychamber.com/admin/uploaded/Reference Material/03... · 2018. 7. 5. ·...

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Fire Hydrant SystemFebruary 2018, Kalidasan S

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Overview of Fire Protection

Today most of the equipment's used in offices, Industries and at home are highly sophisticated andhigh-end equipment's. Every workplace has mission critical areas that need to be protected from firehazard not only to save life and property but also to ensure that the enterprise does not come to astand still.

The most common fuels in fire and explosion incidents are petroleum products, cellulose materials(wood, paper, cloth) and polymers.


The Combustion Process

The combustion process will continue as long as the conditions or a chemical reaction exist

Extinguishment can be achieved by removal of any 1 or more elements: Heat, Fuel or Oxygen


Type of Fire Protection Systems

Fire

Protection System

Water

Based System

Gas

Based Systems


Water based Systems

Water Based Systems

Yard

Hydrant

System

Wet Riser

System

Sprinkler

System

Spray

System

Foam

System


STANDARDS/CODES FOLLOWED FOR FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM


HAND HELD EXTINGUISHERS


Types of Fires & Media

Suitable Media

Water

Foam

Gas

D C P

Wet Chemical


TYPE OF EXTINGUISHERS TO BE USED


EXTINGUISHER OPERATION


EXTINGUIHSER OPERATION


SIGNAGE FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHER


EXTINGUISHER IMAGES


FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM


HYDRANT SYSTEM

Network of piping installed underground or overhead around various facilities withhydrant stand posts fitted with landing valves at regular intervals or at distances fromthe protected risks according to the occupancies.


HYDRANT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

PUMPS

Jockey pumpElectrical pumpDiesel Pump

Heavy or Medium GradeMS or GI PIPES


HYDRANT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

HYDRANT VALVES

HOSE BOXES

HOSES

NOZZLES & BRANCH PIPES


HYDRANT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

FIRE BRIGADE INLET

ISOLATION VALVES

AIR RELEASE VALVE


HYDRANT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

WATER MONITOR FOAM MONITOR


HYDRANT SYSTEM COMPONENTS

WRAPPING & COATING (Under Ground PIPES

PEDESTAL (Above Ground PIPES)

UNDER GROUND VALVE CHAMBER


FIRE PUMP ROOM


COMPONENTS OF PUMP ROOM

PUDDLE FLANGES

SUCTION SIDE VALVES

Y-STRAINER

JOCKEY PUMP TO MAINATAIN LINE PRESSEURE

ELECTRICAL PUMPS FOR HYDRANT & SPRINKLERS



DIESEL ENGINE PUMP FOR SPRINKLER & HYDRANTS



NON RETURN VALVEDELIVERY SIDE ISOLATION VALVESTEST ARRAY LINE PRESSURE GUAGEPRESSURE SWITCH

FLOW METER


28

PUMP MCC PANELS


OPERATING PRESSURE

PUMPS PRESSURE (KG/ SQ.CM)

JOCKEY 8 KG/ SQ.CM

ELECRICAL 5 KG/ SQ.CM

DIESEL 4 KG/ SQ.CM


PUMPS OPERATION

PUMPS ON OFF

JOCKEY AUTO AUTO

ELECRICAL AUTO MANUAL

DIESEL AUTO MANUAL


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PUMP ROOM LAYOUT


32

PUMP ROOM LAYOUT - POSITIVE SUCTION


POSITIVE SUCTION


34

PUMP ROOM LAYOUT - NEGATIVE SUCTION


TYPES OF HAZARD

LIGHT HAZARD

EG:HOSPITALS,HOTELS,INSTITIUTIONS,LIBRARIES,LAUNDRIES,MUSE

UMS AND NURSING HOMES,OFFICE

BUILDING,PRIOSNS , SCHOOL AND COLLEGS,ETC

MODERATE (OR) ORDINARY HAZARD

EG:TEXTILE ,PAPER MILLS , CHEMICAL UNITS

,ENGINEERING WORK SHOP,LABORITIES,WAX,

VERMICELLY AND PRINTING PRESS,ETC.

HIGH HAZARD –A & B

EG:PAINT FACTORIES,OIL

MILLS,PETROCHEMICALS AND REFINERIES

STORAGE HAZARD

EG:WARE HOUSES

DESIGN CRITERIA


HYDRANT DESIGN CRITERIA

Type of Hazard being protected (light or ordinary or high hazard)Number of hydrants required for all the facilitiesAdequate sizing of pipes in the hydrant network to achieve appropriate

dischargeAssumption of two simultaneous major fires in vulnerable areasCombined protection of tankages and pressured storage vessels by water

spray systems


HYDRANT DESIGN CRITERIA

Combined protection of tankages by foam systemsProtection of transformers, cable cellars etc., by water spray systemsAdequate selection of fire water pumpsProvision of water for the installed pumping capacityTrained manpower to handle disastrous situationsOther relevant considerations if any for the type of riskCompliance to relevant codes for design


Hydrant Placement

Yard hydrants At every 45, 30M periphery of the buildings for light,ordinary and high hazard risks situated between 1.5 M to 15M fromexternal walls

Internal Hose reels to be provided that no part of the building inside is atmore than 30M from the nearest internal Hose reel

Upper floors : All upper floors shall be protected with hydrant wetrisers,landing valves located at each landing of external/protected internalstaircases as below:


Hydrant System


Wet Riser System


Spray System for LPG Bullets


Spray System for the LPG Sphere


PUMP CAPACITY

A) Light HazardA) Light HazardNumber of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)

Up to 20 96 M3 per hour at 5.6 Kg/cm2

More than 20 and up to 55 137 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2


More than 100 171 M3 per hour plus additional 171 M3 per hour for every 125 hydrants or part thereof at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2

Water requirement shall be at least 1 hour of pump run subject to a minimum of 135M3

B) Ordinary HazardB) Ordinary HazardNumber of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)

Up to 20 137 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2



More than 100 273 M3 per hour plus additional 273 M3 per hour for every 125 hydrants or part thereof at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2

Water requirement shall be at least 2 hours pump Run


PUMP CAPACITY

C) High Hazard C) High Hazard -- AANumber of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)

Up to 20 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2

More than 20 and up to 55 273 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2

More than 20 and up to 55 410 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2

More than 100 410 M3 per hour plus additional 171 M3 per hour for every 125 hydrants or part thereof at 7/8.8/10.5 Kg/cm2


D) High Hazard D) High Hazard -- BBNumber of Hydrants Pump Capacity (M3 per hour at Kg/cm2)

Upto 20 Two of 171 M3 per hour at 7 Kg/cm2

More than 20 and up to 55 Two of 273 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2

More than 20 and up to 55 Two of 410 M3 per hour at 7/8.8 Kg/cm2

More than 100 Two of 410 M3 per hour plus additional 410 M3 per hour for every 200 hydrants or part thereof at 8.8/10.5 Kg/cm2



PIPE SIZING(WHEN THE NUMBER OF HYDRANTS IS LESS THAN 100)

Number of hydrants in the whole system

Size of Mains in mm

Percentage of all mains including terminals and

risers

1 to 5 100 100% 6 to 20 100 60%

125 40% 21 to 55 100 45%

125 35% 150 20%

56 to 100 100 35% 125 40% 150 25%


YARD HYDRANT


51

WET RISER SYSTEM


52

HYDRANT SYSTEM LAYOUT


Foam System

Foam is a blanking agent and the principle of extinguishment is oxygen exclusion coupled with the prevention of hydrocarbon fuel vapors being released from fire and the cooling effects of the water content.


Foam System

Therefore it is mainly used for fighting fires on flammable liquids. Inmodern foam systems, foam concentrate is mixed with water, usually in theratio from 3% to 6% and passed through an aerating device so creating afoam which can have expansion ratios varying from7.5% to 20 Low expansion20 to 250 Medium expansion250 to 1000 High expansion


Foam System

The quantity of foam required is different for variety of risks and differenttypes of tanks. The application time is also specified in relevant codes

The stock of foam compound to be maintained shall be equivalent to atleast two times the requirement of the tank needing maximum quantity offoam.


Foam System for Oil Tank


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IMAGES OF FOAM MONITOR


Thank You

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