fire fighting standards

8/9/2019 fire fighting standards

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OISD-STD-117Revision : August2007

FOR RESTRICTED CIRCULATION

FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIESFOR

PETROLEU DEPOTS! TERINALS! PIPELINE INSTALLATIONSAND

LU"E OIL INSTALLATIONS

P#e$%#e& "'

FUNCTIONALCOITTEE ON FIRE PROTECTION

OIL INDUSTR( SAFET( DIRECTORATE)O*ERNENT OF INDIA

INISTR( OF PETROLEU AND NATURAL )AS7T+FLOOR! NE, DEL+I +OUSE!

27! "ARA+A"A ROAD!CONNAU)+T PLACE! NE, DEL+I . 110001/


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NOTE

OISD publications are prepared for use in the oil and gas industry under Ministry ofPetroleum & Natural Gas, Govt of India !hese are the property of Ministry ofPetroleum & Natural Gas and shall not be reproduced or copied and loaned ore"hibited to others #ithout #ritten consent from OISD

!hough every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of thedata contained in these documents, OISD hereby e"pressly disclaims any liabilityor responsibility for loss or damage resulting from their use

!hese documents are intended to supplement rather than replace the prevailingstatutory re$uirements


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FORE,ARD

!he oil industry in India is nearly % years old 's such a variety of practiceshave been in vogue because of collaboration(association #ith different foreign companiesand governments Standardi)ation in design philosophies and operating andmaintenance practices at a national level #as hardly in e"istence !his, coupled #ithfeed bac* from some serious accidents that occurred in the recent past in India andabroad, emphasi)ed the need for the industry to revie# the e"isting state of art indesigning, operating, and maintaining oil and gas installations

+ith this in vie#, Oil Industry Safety Directorate OISD- #as established in %./0staffed from #ithin the industry in formulating and implementing a series of self regulatorymeasures aimed at removing obsolescence, standardi)ing and upgrading the e"istingstandards to ensure safer operations 'ccordingly OISD constituted a number offunctional committees comprising e"perts nominated from the industry to dra# upstandards and guidelines on various sub1ects

!he present document on fire protection facilities for petroleum Depots, !erminalsand Pipeline installations is the amended edition of the document prepared by the

2unctional 3ommittee on 42ire 2ighting and Safety4 #hich #as published in 5uly, %./.!his document is prepared based on the accumulated *no#ledge and e"perience ofindustry members and the various national and international codes and practices It ishoped that the provision of this document #ill go a long #ay to improve the safety andreduce accidents in the Oil and Gas Industry

!his document #ill be revie#ed periodically for improvements based on the ne#e"periences and better understanding Suggestions may be addressed to 67

!he 3oordinator3ommittee on 82ire 2ighting & Safety8

Oil Industry Safety Directorate9th2loor, Ne# Delhi :ouse,

;9, %%%


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FUNCTIONAL COITTEECo$ete Revision : August! 20073

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

N%e O#g%ni4%tion ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Le%&e#

Shri 'rvind @umar Angineers India Bimited

e5e#s

% Shri P 5 !i*e*ar Indian Oil 3orporation Bimited

; Shri 5 C Punegar :industan Petroleum 3orporation Bimited

Shri S P Garg Gas 'uthority of India Bimited

E Shri Shashi Dua Indian Oil 3orporation Bimited

F Shri 5 5aisinghani Indian Oil


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FUNCTIONAL COITTEESe6on& E&ition : August! 20003

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

N%e O#g%ni4%tion ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Le%&e#

Shri = P


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FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIESFOR

PETROLEU DEPOTS! TERINALS AND PIPELINE8LU"E OIL INSTALLATIONS

1/0 INTRODUCTION

!he petroleum depots, terminals &

pipeline(lube oil installations are

generally located in the remote

areas and near rail#ay sidings

:o#ever, the e"perience sho#s that

#ith the passage of time, these get

surrounded by residential(industrial

installations !he inventory of

flammable materials stored therein

necessitates inbuilt fire protection

facilities

It can be impractical and

prohibitively costly to design fire

protection facilities to control

catastrophic fires !he usual

re$uirement of a good system is to

prevent emergencies from

developing into ma1or threat to the

oil installation and surroundings

2/0 SCOPE

;% !his standard lays do#n the

minimum re$uirement of fire

protection facilities at Petroleum

Depots, !erminals, Pipeline

Installations #ith or #ithout

Storages, 3entral !an* 2arms

3!2- Bube Oil Installations,

Grease Manufacturing & 2illing

2acilities

;; !his standard does not cover the

fire protection facilities for 67

i- Depots, !erminals(Installations

inside the =efineries and(or Oil(Gas

Processing Plants under the same

management for #hich OISD7S!D7

%%0 shall be referred

ii- Installations handling Bi$uefied

Petroleum Gas BPG- Storage,

:andling and


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distribution by tan*ers, pipelines,

tan* #agons, tan* truc*s, portable

tan*s or containers

9/1/1 PIPELINE INSTALLATIONS

Pipeline Installations are those

facilities on cross7country pipelines#hich have pumping and(or delivery

station #ith or #ithout storages

9/1/2 LU"E OIL INSTALLATIONS

!he facilitiesmeant for receipt,

storage and blending of base oils &

additives into finished Bube

products It includes lube7blending

plants, grease manufacturing plants

& small can filling plants

9/1/9 A*IATION FUELLIN) STATIONS

!he facilities #here '!2 is received

by tan* #agons, tan* truc*s &

pipeline and stored in bul* for

dispatch of product by refuellers &

pipeline It include also storage of

Methanol('HG'S & other additives

in drums

9/1/; INFRASTRUCTURE8OT+ER

FACILITIES

!hese are the facilities such as

3ontrol =oom


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above itJs flash point, 3lass 3

product shall be considered as

3lass < product and 3lass %6e >o% ine6tion


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!his s'ste is for protection of

fi"ed roof storage tan*s It

comprises of high bac* pressure

foam generator connected through

product lines or separate lines near

the bottom of the tan*

v3 Un&e# te Se% Fo% %$$i6%tion

!his is a system for floating roof tan*

#here the foam travels through a

fle"ible pipe inside the tan* upto the

center of the tan* roof and e"its at

the seal rim of the floating roof

precisely #here the fire is located

thus rapidly flooding the seal rim area

and $uic*ly e"tinguishing the fire

;/;/; FLOATIN) ROOF TANPROTECTION

2or floating roof tan*, foam shall be

poured at the foam dam to blan*et

the roof seal 2eatures of foam

system for floating roof tan*

protection shall be as follo#s 67

i- System be designed to

create foam blan*et on the burning

surface in a reasonably short period

ii- 2oam shall be applied to the

burning ha)ard continuously at a rate

high enough to overcome the

destructive effects of radiant heat

iii- 2oam ma*ers(foam pourers

shall be located not more than ;E m

apart on the shell perimeter based

on 0 mm foam dam height

iv- ' minimum of t#o foam

pourers shall be provided

;/;/< FIED ROOF TAN PROTECTION

2oam conveying system shall have

same features as of floating roof

tan* e"cepting that a vapor seal

chamber is re$uired before the foam

discharge outlet

2eatures of the foam system for

fi"ed roof protection shall be as

follo#s6

i- !he vapor seal chamber shall be

provided #ith an effective anddurable seal, fragile under lo#

pressure, to prevent entrance of

vapour into the foam conveying

piping system

ii- +here t#o or more pourers are

re$uired these shall be e$ually

spaced at the periphery of the tan*

and each discharge outlet shall be

si)ed to deliver foam at

appro"imately the same rate

iii- !an*s should be provided #ith foam

discharge outlets(pourers as

indicated belo# 67

T%n &i%ete# Fo% Pou#e#

In 3 in/ Nos/3

'bove %/ up to ; ;

'bove ; up to ;F

'bove ;F up to E

'bove up to F F'bove F up to E 0

'bove E up to EF /

'bove EF up to F %

In case foam pourers are provided

on tan*s having diameter up to %/

m, minimum ; nos foam pourers

shall be provided

!he estimation of number of foam

discharge outlet is based on pourer

capacity of % lpm at a pressureof 9 *g(cm;g- upstream of eductor

!his can be suitably ad1usted for

different pourer capacity in

accordance #ith section EEE iii-

;/;/? FLOATIN) CU FIED ROOF

TAN PROTECTION


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Protection facilities shall be provided

as re$uired for fi"ed roof tan*

;/;/7 PROTECTION FOR D(E

AREA8SPILL FIRE

Portable monitors(foam hosestreams shall be considered for

fighting fires in dy*ed area and

spills

;/;/@ FOA APPLICATION RATE

!he minimum delivery rate for

primary protection based on the

assumption that all the foam

reaches the area being protected

shall be as indicated belo# 67

2or cone roof tan*s containing li$uid

hydrocarbons, the foam solution

delivery rate shall be at least F

lpm(m; of li$uid surface area of the

tan* to be protected

2or floating roof tan*s containing

li$uid hydrocarbons foam solution

delivery rate shall be at least %;

lpm(m; of seal area #ith foam dam

height of 0 mm of the tan* to be

protected

In determining total solution flo#

re$uirements, potential foam losses

from #ind and other factors shall be

considered

;/;/ DURATION OF FOA DISC+AR)E

!he e$uipment shall be capable of

providing primary protection at the

specified delivery rates for the

follo#ing minimum duration

i- !an*s containing 3lass 8'8 &

8


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!he aggregate $uantity of foam

solutions should be largest of

EE%%i-, EE%%ii- and EE%% iii- as

above for a minimum period of 0F

minutes 2rom this the $uantity of

foam based on R or 0R proportionshould be calculated :o#ever, for

installation having aggregate

storage not more than %, @B,

the foam concentrate storage shall

be based on EE%i- only

:o#ever, in case of 'viation 2uelling

Stations #here aggregate product

storage capacity is less than %

@B, foam $uantity for spill fire

protection of minutes shall be

made

;/;/12 FOA COPOUND STORA)E

2oam compound should be stored

as e"plained in IS7E./.6;0(B7

%0;

!ype of foam compound used can

be protein or fluro7protein or '222

'lcohol =esistant 2oam shall beused for handling methanol( ethanol

or furfural fires Minimum % @B of

'lcohol =esistant 2oam compound

shall be maintained at the

installation to handle

methanol(ethanol or furfural fire

Shelf life of foam compound shall be

ta*en from manufacturer8s data

2oam compound shall be tested

periodically as per OAM guidelinesto ensure its $uality and the

deteriorated $uantity replaced !he

deteriorated foam compound can be

used for fire training purposes 2or

details of type of tests & their

periodicity, refer IS E./. 6 ;0(B7

%0; or A$uivalent Standard

uantity of foam compound e$ual to

%R of re$uirement as calculated

in EE%%should be stored in the

Installation Note 2!his $uantity may

be suitably reduced if mutual aid for

foam supply is available 2or

sample calculation, refer 'nne"ure7 III-

;/< CLEAN A)ENT FIRE

PROTECTION S(STE

;/


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;/? FIRST AID FIRE FI)+TIN) EGUIPENT

;/?/1 Po#t%5e Fi#e Etinguise#s

i- 'll fire e"tinguishers shall conform to respective IS(B or A$uivalent codes, vi) % @g D3P !ypeIS6;%9%(B ;..-, EF(0,/ @g 3O; !ype IS6;/9/(B %FE- & ;F(F(9F @g D3P !ype IS6%0F/(B

;..- and bear ISI(B mar*


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vii- !an* +agon loading

and unloading gantry(siding

% No % @g D3P e"tinguisher for every m of

(siding plus % No 9F @g D3P e"tinguisher for

each gantry(siding

viii- '(G !an* 2arm ; Nos % @g D3P e"tinguishers for each tan*

plus E Nos ;F @g D3P e"tinguishers for each

!an* 2arm positioned at four corners In case of

ad1oining tan* farms, the no of ;F @g e"tinguishers may be reduced by ; nos per

tan* farm

i"- (G !an* 2arm ; Nos % @g D3P e"tinguisher for each !an*

2arm

"- Other Pump :ouses % No % @g D3P e"tinguisher for every t#o

pumps or min ; Nos % @g D3P e"tinguisher for

each Pump :ouse #hichever is higher

"i- 'dmin


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2or pipeline installations, the portable e"tinguisher shall be provided as per the above list

E0%- suitably amended along #ith follo#ing additions 67

S#/ No/ T'$e o> A#e% S6%e o> Po#t%5e Fi#e Etinguise#s

i- Main line pump shed

Angine(Motor Driven-

% No 9F @g D3P, % @g D3P & 0/ @g 3O;

e"tinguishers per t#o pumps up to a ma"imum ofE nos

ii-


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;/?/9 +OSES! NO==LES ACCESSORIES

i3 +oses

i- =einforced rubber lined canvas or

Non7percolating synthetic fire hoses

conforming to IS7 00( B %. !ype ' or


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vii- !he post drill analysis shouldbe carried out & discussedemphasi)ing areas of improvements

viii- !he record of such drills shouldbe maintained at the location

7/0 FIRE EER)ENC( ANUAL

i- Aach installation shall prepare a

comprehensive fire emergency

manual covering all emergency

scenarios detailing the actions to be

ta*en in the event of fire emergency

for effective handling

ii- !he *ey action points of this manual

shall be displayed at strategic

locations in the installation for ready

reference

@/0 FIRE PROTECTION S(STE!INSPECTION AND TESTIN)

i- !he fire protection e$uipmentshall be *ept in good #or*ingcondition all the time

ii- !he fire protection system shallbe periodically tested for proper

functioning and logged for record andcorrective actions

iii- One officer shall be designatedand made responsible for inspection,maintenance & testing of fireprotection system

iv- !he responsibilities of eachofficer shall be clearly defined,e"plained and communicated to allconcerned in #riting for role clarity

v- In addition to the follo#ingroutine chec*s(maintenance, there$uirements of OISD7S!D7%E; inrespect of periodic inspection,maintenance & testing of fire fightinge$uipment shall be complied #ith

@/1 FIRE ,ATER PUPS

i- Avery pump shall be test run for at least half an hour or as per OAMguidelines, #hichever is higher t#ice a#ee* at the rated head & flo#

ii- Aach pump shall be chec*ed,tested and its shut7off pressureobserved once in a month

iii- Aach pump shall be chec*ed &tested for its performance once in si"month by opening re$uired nos ofhydrants(monitors depending on thecapacity of the pump to verify that thedischarge pressure, flo# & motor loadare in conformity #ith the designparameters

iv- Aach pump shall be test runcontinuously for E hours at its rated

head & flo# using circulation line offire #ater storage tan*s andobservations logged once a year

v- !he testing of standby 1oc*eypump, if provided shall be chec*ed#ee*ly 2re$uent starts & stops of thepump indicates that there are #aterlea*s in the system #hich should beattended to promptly

@/2 FIRE ,ATER RIN) AINS

i- !he ring mainshall be chec*ed for lea*s once in ayear by operating one or more pumps& *eeping the hydrant pointsclosed toget the ma"imum pressure

ii- !he ringmains, hydrant, monitor & #ater sprayheader valves shall be visuallyinspected for any missingaccessories, defects, damage andcorrosion every month and recordsmaintained

iii- 'll valves onthe ring mains, hydrants, monitors ater spray headers shall be chec*edfor lea*s, smooth operation andlubricated once in a month

@/9 FIRE ,ATER SPRA( S(STE


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1+) !S-44 9 'ode o" Pra/ti/e on

!nstallation o" !nternal ydrants

in 5ltistory :ildin$

1,) 8!S3-;3N-11% 9 ;idelines on

Fire Fihtin Eone 3epletion Sstan/es

elation = 'ontrol les -2000 5inistry o" En?ironment =

Forests@ ;o?ernment o" !ndia$

21) 7yoto Proto/ol$

;;- !S-1%+ 9 Standard on

Portale Fire Extinishers -

Per"orman/e = 'onstr/tion -

Spe/i"i/ations$

;- !S940 9 Standard on 3ry

'hemi/al Powder "or Fihtin := ' 'lass Fires *

Spe/i"i/ations$

;E- !S914+0. 9 Standard on 3ry

'hemi/al Powder "or Fihtin

A@:@' 'lass Fires *

Spe/i"i/ations$

;F- !S94.. 9 Standard on Foam

'on/entrate "or Prod/in

5e/hani/al Foam "or Fire

Fihtin Flammale Li


30/42


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ANNEURE- I

SAPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE ,ATER FLO, RATE FOR STORA)E TANS

1/ DESI)N "ASIS

!he fire #ater system in an installation shall be designed to meet the fire #ater flo#

re$uirement of fighting single largest fire scenario

2/ FIRE ,ATER DEAND FOR SIN)LE LAR)EST FIRE

3onsider various areas under fire and calculate fire #ater demand for each area based

on design basis

2/1 FIRE ,ATER FLO, RATE FOR FLOATIN) ROOF TAN PROTECTION

D%t%

!otal storage capacity in one dy*e area U ;, m

No of tan*s U ;3apacity of each tan* U %0, m

Diameter of each tan* U E m

:eight of each tan* U %EE m

%3 Cooing B%te# >oB #%te

Cooing B%te# #eHui#e& >o# t%n on >i#e

3ooling #ater rate U lpm(m;of tan* area for tan* on fire

3ooling #ater re$uired U %E; " E m " %EE m " lpm(m;

U FE;0 lpm

U FE;0 " 0 mV(hr U 92? 8#

%

'ssuming that second tan* is located #ithin the tan* dy*e at a distance more than m

from the tan*s shell !herefore, in such case cooling re$uired is at the rate of % lpm(m ;of

tan* shell area

Cooing B%te# #eHui#e& >o# t%n >%ing 5e'on& RJ903 >#o 6ent#e o> t%n on >i#e

3ooling #ater rate U % lpm(m;of tan* area

3ooling #ater re$uired U %E; " E m " %EE m " %lpm(m;

U %/. lpm

U %/. " 0 mV(hr U 10 8#/

%

53 Fo% B%te# >oB #%te2oam solution application rate U %; lpm(m; of rim seal area of tan*

2oam solution re$uired U %E; " E m " / m " %; lpm(m;

2oam #ater re$uired R- U %;9 lpm

U .9 " %;9 lpm U %%9%lpm

U %%9% " 0 mV(hr U 71 8#/

%

63 Tot% B%te# >oB #%te


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!an* cooling U ;0 K %. U EFmV(hr

2oam solution application U 9% mV(hr

!otal U F0 mV(hr

Say U oB #%te

Cooing B%te# #eHui#e& >o# t%n on >i#e

3ooling #ater rate U lpm(m;of tan* area for tan* on fire

3ooling #ater re$uired U %E; " 9F m " %; m " lpm(m;U E;E; lpm

U E;E; " 0 mV(hr U 2o# t%ns >%ing Bitin RJ903 >#o 6ent#e o> t%n on >i#e

3ooling #ater rate U lpm(m;of tan* area

3ooling #ater re$uired U %E; " 9F m " %; m " lpm(m;"

U %;9;0 lpm

U %;9;0 " 0 mV(hr U 7?; 8#/

%

!otal cooling #ater re$uired U ;FE K 90; U 101 98#/

53 Fo% B%te# >oB #%te

2oam solution application rate U F lpm(m of li$uid surface area

2oam solution re$uired U %E; " %/9F m- " F lpm(m;

U FF; lpm

2oam #ater re$uired U .9 " FF; lpm U FF9 lpm

U FF9 " 0 mV(hr U 921 8#/

%

!otal foam #ater re$uired U 101 98#/

63 Tot% B%te# >oB #%te

!an* cooling U %%. mV(hr

2oam solution application U ;% mV(hr!otal U 19;0 8#/

2/9 FIRE ,ATER FLO, RATE FOR COOLIN) POL TAN ,A)ON LOADIN) )ANTR(

=ef 'nne" 7 II- 6 !otal #ater re$uirement U 92 98#/


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2/; FIRE ,ATER FLO, RATE FOR SUPPLEENTAR( +OSE STREAS

+ater for E single hydrant streams U E " 0 U %EE m(hr

+ater for % monitor stream U %EE m(hr

!otal #ater re$uirement U 2@@ 9 8 #/

9/0 TOTAL DESI)N FIRE ,ATER FLO, RATE

!otal design fire #ater flo# rate #ould be the largest of fire #ater flo# rates calculated as

per ;%, ;;, ; and ;E above

Design fire #ater rate U 19;0 98#/

----- 3 0 0 -----

ANNEURE - II


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SAPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE ,ATER FLO, RATE FOR POL TAN ,A)ON LOADIN)

)ANTR(

a- Data

!otal No of loading points U 9; 3onventional or

3onsider ; loading points on each side U E/

+idth of tan* #agon gantry U %; m

3ooling t#o spur other distance

b- 3ooling #ater flo# rate

Divide total area of gantry into ;E segments, each segment admeasuring ;.; m W %; m

and consider segments operating at a time

+ater rate re$uired U " ;.; " %; " %;

U 0EE cum(hr

!otal #ater re$uirement U 0EE cum(hr K ;// cumincluding hydrant(monitors- U 92 6u8#/

----- 3 0 0 -----

ANNEURE III


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SAPLE CALCULATION OF FOA COPOUND REGUIREENT FOR A DEPOT8TERINAL

1/0 FOA COPOUND CALCULATION FOR SIN)LE LAR)EST FLOATIN) ROOF OR

CONED ROOF TAN IN A D(E! ,+IC+E*ER IS +I)+ER/

1/1 Fo% 6o$oun& 6%6u%tion >o# singe %#gest >o%ting #oo> t%n in % &'e/

T%n D%t%

!otal storage capacity in one dy*e area U %,;, m

No of tan*s U ;

3apacity of each tan* U 0, m

Diameter of each tan* U 9. m

:eight of each tan* U %EE m

Fo% 6o$oun& #eHui#eent >o# t%n

2oam solution application rate U %; lpm(m; of rim seal area of tan*

2oam dam height U / mm

2oam solution re$uired U %E; " 9. m " / m " %; lpm(m;2oam compound re$uired R- U " ;/ lpm U 9%E. lpm

2oam compound re$uired for 0F minutes U 0F min "9%E. lpm U ;?;7 it#es

1/2 Fo% 6o$oun& 6%6u%tion >o# singe %#gest 6one& #oo> t%n in % &'e/

T%n D%t%

!otal storage capacity in one dy*e area U F, m

No of tan*s U E

3apacity of each tan* U %;,F m

Diameter of each tan* U 9F m

:eight of each tan* U %; m

Fo% 6o$oun& #eHui#eent >o# t%n

2oam solution application rate U F lpm(m; of li$uid surface area of tan*

2oam solution re$uired U %E; " %/9F-; m; " F lpm(m;

2oam compound re$uired R- U " FF; lpm U %0F0. lpm

2oam compound re$uired for 0F minutes U 0F min "%0F0. lpm U 10770 i#es

2/0 FOA COPOUND CALCULATION FOR INSTALLATION +A*IN) A))RE)ATE

PRODUCT STORA)E CAPACIT( ORE T+AN 2

Fo% 6o$oun& #eHui#eent >o# tBo $o#t%5e >o% onito#s o> 2;00 $ 6%$%6it'

2oam solution re$uired U ; ";E lpm2oam compound re$uired R- U " E/ lpm U %EE lpm

2oam compound re$uired for 0F minutes U 0F min"%EE lpm U 9?0 it#es

9/0 FOA COPOUND CALCULATION FOR T,O +OSE STREAS OF FOA EAC+

,IT+ A CAPACIT( OF 11;0 LP/


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Fo% 6o$oun& #eHui#eent >o# tBo >o% ose st#e%s o> 11;0 $ 6%$%6it'

2oam solution re$uired U ; "%%E lpm

2oam compound re$uired R- U " ;;/ lpm U 0/E lpm

2oam compound re$uired for 0F minutes U 0F min" 0/E lpm U ;;;?it#es

Te %gg#eg%te Hu%ntit' o> >o% 6on6ent#%te s% 5e %#gest o> te 1! 2! o# 9 %s %5ove/

----- 3 0 0 -----

ANNEURE-I*

"RIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIRE FI)+TIN) FOA

1/0 FIRE FI)+TIN) FOA


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2ire fighting foam is a homogeneous mass of tiny air or gas filled bubble of lo# specific

gravity, #hich #hen applied in correct manner and in sufficient $uantity, forms a compact

fluid and stable blan*et #hich is capable of floating on the surface of flammable li$uids

and preventing atmospheric air from reaching the li$uid

2/0 T(PES OF FOA COPOUND

!#o !ypes of foams are used for fighting li$uid fires6

2/1 C+EICAL FOA

+hen t#o or more chemicals are added the foam generates due to chemical reaction

!he most common ingredients used for chemical foam are sodium bicarbonate and

aluminum sulphate #ith stabili)er !he chemical foam is generally used in 2ire

e"tinguishers

2/2 EC+ANICAL FOA

It is produced by mechanically mi"ing a gas or air to a solution of foam compound

concentrate- in #ater Harious types of foam concentrates are used for generating foam,depending on the re$uirement and suitability Aach concentrate has its o#n advantage

and limitations !he brief description of foam concentrates is given belo#

9/0 EC+ANICAL FOA COPOUND

Mechanical foam compound may be classified in to categories based on it8s e"pansion

ratio

9/1 LO, EPANSION FOA

2oam e"pansion ratio may be upto F to %, but usually bet#een F6% to %F6% as typically

produced by self aspirating foam branch pipes

!he lo# e"pansion foam contains more #ater and has better resistant to fire It is suitable

for hydrocarbon li$uid fires and is #idely used in oil refinery, oil platforms, petrochemical

and other chemical industries

9/2 EDIU EPANSION FOA:

2oam e"pansion ratio vary from F%6% to F6% as typically produced by self aspirating

foam branch pipes #ith nets !his foam has limited use in controlling hydrocarbon li$uid

fire because of it8s limitations # r t poor cooling, poor resistant to hot surface(radiant

heat etc

9/; +I)+ EPANSION FOA

2oam e"pansion ratio vary from F%6% to %F6%, usually bet#een 9F6% to %6% as

typically produced by foam generators #ith air fans !his foam has also very limited use

in controlling hydrocarbon li$uid fire because of its limitations # r t poor cooling, poor


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resistant to hot surface(radiant heat etc It is used for protection of hydrocarbon gases

stored under cryogenic conditions and for #arehouse protection

;/0 T(PES OF LO, EPANSION FOA

;/1 PROTEIN "ASE FOA

!he foam concentrate is prepared from hydroly)ed protein either from animals or

vegetable source !he suitable stabili)er and preservatives are also added

!he concentrate forms a thic* foam blan*et and is suitable for hydrocarbon li$uid fires,

but not on #ater miscible li$uids !he effectiveness of foam is not very good on deep

pools or lo# flash point fuels #hich have had lengthy preburn time unless applied very

gently to the surface

!he concentrate is available for induction rate of to 0R !he shelf life of concentrate is

; years

;/2 FLUORO PROTEIN FOA

!his is similar to protein base foam #ith fluro7chemical #hich ma*es it more effective than

protein base foam

!he concentrate forms a thic* foam blan*et and is suitable for hydrocarbon li$uid fires,

but not on #ater miscible li$uids !he foam is very effective on deep pools of lo# flash

point fuels #hich have had lengthy pre burn time

!he concentrate is available for induction rate of to 0R and the shelf life is similar to

that of protein base foam

;/9 AGUEOUS FIL FORIN) FOA AFFF3

!he foam concentrate mainly consists of fluoro carbon surfactants, foaming agent and

stabili)er !his can be used #ith fresh #ater as #ell as #ith sea #ater

It produces very fluid foam, #hich flo#s freely on li$uid surface !he a$ueous film

produced suppresses the li$uid vapour $uic*ly !he foam has $uic* fire *noc* do#n

property and is suitable for li$uid hydrocarbon fires 's the foam has poor drainage rate,

the effectiveness is limited on deep pool fires of lo# flash point fuels #hich have lengthy

pre burn time

!he concentrate is available for induction rate of to 0R and the shelf life is more than

% years !his can also be used #ith non aspirating type no))les

;/; ULTIPURPOSE AFFF

Multipurpose '222 concentrate is synthetic, foaming li$uid designed specially for fire

protection of #ater soluble solvents and #ater insoluble hydrocarbon li$uids !his can be

used either #ith fresh #ater of sea #ater


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+hen applied it forms foam #ith a cohesive polymeric layer on li$uid surface, #hich

suppresses the vapour and e"tinguishes the fire !he foam is also suitable for deep pool

fires because of superior drainage rate and more resistive to hot fuels(radiant heat

!he R induction rate is suitable for li$uid hydrocarbon fires and FR for #ater miscible

solvents !he shelf life of concentrate is not less than % years !his can also be used#ith non aspirating type no))les

;/< FIL FORIN) FLOURO PROTEIN FFFP3

222P combines the rapid fire *noc* do#n $uality of conventional film forming '222 #ith

the high level of post fire security and burn bac* resistance of flouro protein foam !he

concentrate can either be used #ith fresh #ater or sea #ater

!he foam is suitable for hydrocarbon li$uid fires including deep pool fires of lo# flash

point fuels #hich have had lengthy pre burn time

!he concentrate is available for induction rate of to 0R and the shelf life is not less thanF years !his can also be used #ith non aspirating type no))les


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ANNEURE- *

T(PICAL S(STE OF AUTOATIC ACTUATED FOA8CLEAN A)ENT FLOODIN) S(STE

FOR RI SEAL OF LAR)ER FLOATIN) ROOF TANS

!he automatic actuated foam flooding system is a system designed to automatically detect and

e"tinguish the floating roof tan* rim seal fire at its incipient stage !he system is mounted on the

roof of the tan*

Fi#e Etinguising e&i%

'utomatic 'ctuated rim seal fire e"tinguishing system may be any of the follo#ing type 67

1/0 2oam 2looding System2/0 3lean 'gent 2looding System

1/0 Fo% Foo&ing S'ste

Selection and design of foam based rim seal fire protection system should be as defined inthe latest N2P' > %% & %%' Standard for Bo# and Medium A"pansion 2oam 2ilm 2orming2luroprotein 2oam 222P- ( '$ueous 2ilm 2orming 2oam '222- type concentrate isnormally used in the system

1/1 Fo% A$$i6%tion S'ste

' large storage tan* #ould re$uire more than one modular units for foam application in theentire rim seal Aach such unit may typically consist of a long foam distribution pipe, laidalong the tan* perimeter over the rim seal area !he spray no))les for foam application aremounted on the distribution pipe at suitable intervals Distribution pipe is permanently

connected to a storage vessel containing pre7mi" foam and both are placed on the roof !hefoam is *ept pressuri)ed #ith nitrogen !he premi" foam solution is contained in a vessel#hich is *ept charged #ith nitrogen !he system is designed for minimum foam applicationrate of %/ lpm(m; of rim seal area 2or effective control, foam is applied for a period of Eseconds

1/2 A%# Auto-%6tu%tion S'ste

In case of fire on the rim seal, it is automatically detected by a device capable to sense heat,flame, smo*e, combustible vapors or an abnormal condition in the ha)ard area #hich couldproduce fire !he device then actuates the spray system for application of foam in theaffected )one of rim seal to $uic*ly e"tinguish the fire in its incipient stage 'n audio7visual

alarm is also coupled #ith the detection system for necessary fire alert

!he system includes a fire detector net#or* #hich senses fire and actuates the automaticrelease of the e"tinguishing medium on the rim seal area

!he validity of the approach must be demonstrated by the designer for an effective totalflooding e"tinguishing system #hich $uic*ly detects and e"tinguishes fire in its incipientstage #ithout re7flash 'lso, the design considerations should include the impact of the#eight of the modules placed on the floating roof

1/9 T'$i6% C%6u%tions >o# o&u%# Fo% A$$i6%tion S'ste


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??=im seal area of tan* U (( W 9. W U 9EF M;3onsidering a fle"ible seal area of typically mm-=ate of foam application %/ BPM(M; U %E% BPM!otal foam solution re$uired in E sec U /.E B!otal nos of modular unit re$uired U 9 Nosconsidering a vessel of %F B capacity containing %F B of 2oam-

2/0 Ce%n Agent Foo&ing S'ste

Selection of 3lean 'gent and system design for fire protection of rim seal should be in line#ith the LStandard on 3lean 'gent 2ire A"tinguishing Systems > N2P' ;%Adition ;E-and the latest !ypically, any clean agent listed in the latest N2P' ;% can be used innormally unoccupied areas li*e floating roof top 3lean agents li*e !rifluroiodide can be usedas fire suppressant for floating roof rim seal fire protection system

2/1 Ce%n Agent A$$i6%tion S'ste

' large storage tan* #ould re$uire more than one modular units for clean agent applicationfor the entire rim seal !he pre7engineered system as outlined at %E;% of N2P' ;%

;E Adition- may typically consist of a long distribution pipe, laid along the tan* perimeterover the rim seal area !he spray no))les for the clean agent are mounted on the distributionpipe at suitable intervals Aach distribution pipe is permanently connected to a storagevessel containing clean agent and both are placed on the roof !he clean agent is *eptpressuri)ed #ith nitrogen Design capacity of each modular unit #ill be based on the flamee"tinguishing concentration for the particular fuel and clean agent used

In case of fire on the rim seal, it is automatically detected by a device capable to senseheat(flame(smo*e( combustible vapors or an abnormal condition in the ha)ard area #hichcould produce fire refer E;% of N2P' ;%- !he device then actuates the spray systemfor discharge of clean agent in the affected )one of rim seal at appropriate rate anddischarge time re$uired to attain the flame e"tinguishing concentration for the particular fuelbased on the design considerations for $uic* control of fire It is non7electrically operated

system & suitable for installation in lightening prone areas

2/2 A%# Auto A6tu%tion S'ste

'n audio7visual alarm is also coupled #ith the detection system for necessary alert !hevalidity of the approach must be demonstrated by the designer for a clean agent basedeffective automatic actuated e"tinguishing system #hich $uic*ly detects and e"tinguishesfire in its incipient stage #ithout re7flash 'lso, the design considerations should include theimpact of the #eight of the modules placed on the floating roof

2/9 T'$i6% C%6u%tion >o# o&u%# Ce%n Agent A$$i6%tion S'ste??

'ssuming rimseal perimeter U (( " 9. M U ;E/ M

Aach module to cover U E MNumber of modules re$uired U ;E/ ( E U 0 NosDischarge time for clean agent U %7; seconds

T'$i6% &i%g#% o> Auto%ti6 A6tu%te& Etinguising S'ste is %tt%6e& 5eoB/

----- 3 0 0 -----

T'$i6% &i%g#% o> Auto%ti6 A6tu%te& Fo% 5%se& Etinguising S'ste


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T'$i6% &i%g#% o> Auto%ti6 A6tu%te& Ce%n Agent 5%se& Etinguising S'ste

fire fighting standards

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