FIRE FIGHTING (PART 1)

QUS 3206/MDM NURUL AINI

Why is this happen ??

Did you know: nearly 80% of fire deaths are due to smoke?

What did you do if Fire started ??

FIRE ELEMENTS

FIRE CAUSES

Use combustible materials in the building.

Negligence in the use of electrical appliances and damaged hardware

Imperfect electrical wiring Negligence on the use of mosquito

coils, gas stove and fuel flammable.

FIRE SPREADING FACTORS

The surface of material

Heat transfer

rate

Wind direction

Air moisture

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUE

EXCLUDE THE OXYGEN

FUEL SEPARATION

REDUCE THE HEAT

oxyg

en

heat

fuel

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

ACTIVE PASSIVE

PASSIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

Definition - structural elements of the building that is capable of performing his duties without assistance / require assistance to curb / restrict the spread of smoke into the building during a fire.

Types of Passive System :1- Emergency exit2- Compartmentation3- Construction material

1- ESCAPE ROUTE Permanent structures that allow

occupants to escape / fire escape to safety on their own without any help.

It is important to provide openings so that smoke is displaced from the escape routes to the outside air.

LOW RISE BUILDING

Horizontal Exit

Vertical Exit

Final Exit / Assembly Point

1- ESCAPE ROUTE (HIGH RISE BUILDING)

Horizontal Vertical

Final

2- COMPARTMENTATION The division / separation wall and floor in

a building, including roof box for multistoried buildings / terrace.

2 methods : Vertical & Horizontal Purpose a- to contain, control, reduce, restrict and delay fire spreading, smoke and heat during a fire. b- embankment to firefighters against fire c- protection to building occupants during rescue themselves d- separate the high risk area

2- COMPARTMENTATION (TYPES)PARTY WALL

FIRE RATED DOOR

FIRE DAMPER

CAN YOU TELL WHAT THE STORY OF THIS PICTURE ?

DISCUSSION 1

Discuss the types of compartmentation that been used for building by providing this matters :

1- Definition2- Objective3- Construction ( sketches is needed)

Duration : 45 minutes

3- CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL WOOD - has a low thermal conductivity and

fire delay depends on the type of wood BRICK – low thermal conductivity ; almost

reach the level of fire proof CONCRETE - expanding at a rapid rate

between 400-500 º C ; it will collapse during when comes to water

STONE – good thermal insulation GLASS - are more resistant to fire if

installed wire mash BUILDING BOARD -fire resistance force

depends on the thickness & installation.

OTHER PASSIVE SYSTEMS

FIREMAN SWITCH