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CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS AND BUSINESS

ETHICS

Ethics is a word for a philosophy that encompasses proper conduct and goodliving. It is significantly broader than the common conception of ethics as the

analyzing of right and wrong. A central aspect of ethics is "the good life", the life

worth living or that is simply satisfying, which is held by many philosophers to be

more important than moral conduct.

Business ethics is a form of applied ethics that examines ethical principles and

moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment.

In the increasingly conscience-focused marketplaces of the 21st century, the

demand for more ethical business processes and actions (known as ethicism) is

increasing. Simultaneously, pressure is applied on industry to improve business

ethics through new public initiatives and laws (e.g. higher UK road tax for higher-

emission vehicles). Businesses can often attain short-term gains by acting in an

unethical fashion; however, such antics tend to undermine the economy over time,

a fact which only Barack Obama has seemed to notice.

Business ethics can be both a normative and a descriptive discipline. As a

corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. In

academia descriptive approaches are also taken. The range and quantity of 

business ethical issues reflects the degree to which business is perceived to be at

odds with non-economic social values. Historically, interest in business ethics

accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major

corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporate

websites lay emphasis on commitment to promoting non-economic social values

under a variety of headings (e.g. ethics codes, social responsibility charters .

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Let us have a look into 7 broad categories that make up a company’s Ethics

Quotient:

1) Corporate citizenship and responsibility

2) Corporate governance

3) Innovation that contributes to public well being

4) Industry leadership

5) Executive leadership and tone from the top

6) Integrity track record and reputation

7) Internal systems and ethics/compliance program

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CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO ORACLE

Oracle Corporation was formed in 1977 in California, USA. Oracle Corporation

(NASDAQ: ORCL) specializes in developing and marketing enterprise software

products  — particularly database management systems. Through organic growth

and a number of high-profile acquisitions, Oracle enlarged its share of the

software market. By 2007 Oracle ranked third on the list of largest software

companies in the world, after Microsoft and IBM. Subsequently it became larger

than IBM after its acquisition of Hyperion and BEA. 

The corporation has arguably become best-known due to association with its

flagship Oracle database. The company also builds tools for database

development, middle-tier software, enterprise resource planning software (ERP),

customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain

management (SCM) software. The founder and CEO of Oracle Corporation, Larry

Ellison, has served as Oracle's CEO throughout the company's history. Ellison

also served as the Chairman of the Board until his replacement by Jeffrey O.

Henley in 2004. Ellison retains his role as CEO.

Ellison took inspiration from the 1970 paper written by Edgar F Codd onrelational database systems named "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared

Data Banks". He had heard about the IBM System R database from an article in

the IBM Research Journal provided by Ed Oates (a future co-founder of Oracle

Corporation). System R also derived from Cod’s theories, and Ellison wanted to

make his Oracle product compatible with System R, but IBM stopped this by

keeping the error codes for their DBMS secret. Ellison co-founded Oracle

Corporation in 1977 under the name Software Development Laboratories (SDL).

In 1979 SDL changed its name to Relational Software, Inc. (RSI). In 1982, RSI

renamed itself as Oracle Systems to align itself more closely with its flagship

product Oracle Database. At this stage Robert Miner served as the company's

senior programmer.

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Business

General

Oracle is the world’s largest enterprise software company. It develops,

manufacture, market, distribute and service database and middleware software as

well as applications software designed to help its customers manage and grow

their business operations. Its goal is to offer customers scalable, reliable, secure

and integrated software systems that provide transactional

efficiencies, adapt to an organization’s unique needs and allow better ways to

access and manage information at a lower total cost of ownership. It seek to be an

industry leader in each of the specific product categories in which it competes and

to expand into new and emerging markets. In fiscal 2007, it focused on

strengthening our competitive position and enhancing our existing portfolio of 

products and services as well as acquiring and integrating businesses.

An active acquisition program is an important element of its corporate strategy. In

the last three fiscal years, it have invested over $25 billion, in the aggregate, to

acquire a number of companies, products, services and technologies, including the

acquisition of PeopleSoft, Inc., Siebel Systems, Inc. and Hyperion Solutions

Corporation. Typically, the significant majority of its integration activities relatedto an acquisition are substantially complete in the United States within three to six

months after the closing of the acquisition.

The acquisition program supports our long-term strategic direction, strengthens

our competitive position, expands its customer base and provides greater scale to

accelerate innovation, grow our earnings and increase stockholder value. It expect

to continue to acquire companies, products, services and technologies.

Software and Services

Oracle is organized into two businesses, software and services, which are further

divided into five operating segments. Its software business is comprised of two

operating segments: (1) new software licenses and (2) software license updates

and product support. Its services business is comprised of three operating

segments: (1) consulting, (2) On Demand and (3) education. Its software and

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services businesses represented 79% and 21% of our total revenues, respectively,

in fiscal 2007 and 80% and 20% of our total revenues, respectively, in both fiscal

2006 and fiscal 2005.

SOFTWARE BUSINESS

New Software Licenses

New software licenses include the licensing of database and middleware software,

which consists of Oracle Database and Oracle Fusion Middleware, as well as

applications software. Its technology and business solutions are based on an

internet model comprised of interconnected database servers, application servers,

web servers and computers as well as mobile devices running web browsers. This

architecture enables users to access business data and applications through a

universally adopted web browser interface, while providing enterprises the most

efficient and cost effective method of managing business information and

applications. In an internet model, database servers manage and protect the

underlying business information, while application servers run the business

applications that automate a myriad of business functions. We have focused on

concepts such as global single instance application deployment that involve

fewer, high quality databases of important business information, rather than

dozens or hundreds of disparate databases that are difficult to synchronize and

coordinate.

Database

As the world’s most popular database, Oracle’s relational database enables the

secure storage, manipulation and retrieval of all forms of data including structured

data that resides in business applications, XML data, analytics data, spatial data

and other unstructured data such as documents, spreadsheets and images.

Designed for enterprise grid computing, the Oracle Database is available in four

editions: Express Edition, Standard Edition One, Standard Edition and Enterprise

Edition.

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Enterprise Manager

Oracle Enterprise Manager is designed to deliver top-down applications

management. Our customers use Oracle Enterprise Manager to monitor and

manage their applications and underlying software infrastructure, including both

Oracle and non-Oracle infrastructure products.

Secure Enterprise Search

Oracle Secure Enterprise Search provides an internet-like search experience to

users searching secure content inside the enterprise. Oracle Secure Enterprise

Search indexes and searches public, private and shared content across internal and

external web sites, databases, file servers, document repositories, enterprise

content management systems, applications and portals. Oracle Secure Enterprise

Search has built-in functionality that permits users to see only search results

leading to information for which they have authorized access.

Middleware

Oracle Fusion Middleware is a broad product family that forms a reliable and

scalable foundation on which customers can build, deploy and integrate business

applications and automate their business processes, using Oracle Fusion

Middleware, our customers increase their capacity to adapt to business changes

rapidly, reduce their risks related to security and compliance, increase user

productivity, and drive better business decisions.

Application Server

The foundation of Oracle Fusion Middleware is Oracle Application Server.

Designed for grid computing, Oracle Application Server incorporates clustering

and caching technology, which increases application reliability, performance,

security and scalability. Oracle Application Server also provides a complete

integration platform that is designed to simplify and accelerate business,

application and data integration projects.

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CHAPTER 3

ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF ORACLE:

Oracle is committed to maintaining its facilities and operating its business in ways

that minimize its impact on the environment. Through a combination of green-minded business practices and employee involvement, Oracle strives to

implement environmental best practices, and the company’s efforts play a

significant role in Oracle’s overall corporate citizenship initiatives. As an office-

based business, Oracle focuses on the following:

• Improving energy use performance 

• Reducing global greenhouse gas emissions 

• Adopting eco-friendly procurement procedures

• Reducing water consumption 

• Transportation 

• Recycling 

ORACLE’S APPROACH 

Global Environment Forum: Oracle Global Real Estate and Facilities leads an

ongoing Global Environment Forum to implement environmental best practices

throughout the company’s facilities. The forum reviews the company’s energy

and environmental practices, discerns best practices, sets guidelines and goals,

and monitors progress.

Business Practices Changes: Oracle has made changes to its business practices

in areas such as procurement, product delivery, recycling, and transportation, and

is taking a more eco-friendly approach to running its large marketing events.  

EPA Climate Leaders: Oracle was the first software company to voluntarily

 participate in the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA)

Climate Leaders Program in 2004.

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Oracle will achieve its reduction goals almost entirely through more efficient

energy use such as:

• Global replacement of incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps

(CFLs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in all Oracle-owned buildings.

• Upgrades to heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, and

energy management and control systems.

• Energy efficient design and operation of data centers, including development of 

a benchmarking index for energy performance and the use of an innovative heat

containment system.

• Compressors upgraded with advanced variable-speed technology • Energy

management system upgraded from pneumatic to direct digital controls.

• Advanced controls schemes for elimination/ reduction of overlapping cooling

and heating, and energy-efficient operation.

• Manual override of motion sensors during unoccupied hours.

U.S. EPA Green Power Partnership Program: Oracle’s Austin Data Center 

 joined the EPA’s Green Power Partnership Program in 2004. This program

requires participating companies to purchase a minimum percentage of their

power from clean and renewable sources (e.g., sun, wind). Oracle’s green power 

purchase exceeds the minimum EPA requirement.

ISO 14001 Certification: Oracle’s European and South African operations are

certified to the ISO 14001 environmental standard in 14 countries. These

operations have defined common objectives, set localized targets, and launched

various initiatives including

• Saving 37,400 liters of water by operating a new waterless valet scheme.

• Promoting hybrid vehicles as company car options.

• Actively assessing vendors’ environmental policy as par t of the procurement

process.

• Using hydroelectric power when possible.

• Aggressively recycling paper goods.

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• Offering environmental awareness training to all employees.

• Purchasing energy from sustainable resources.

Climate Savers Computing Initiative: As a member of Climate Savers, Oracle

has committed to improve energy efficiency by purchasing initiative-compliant,

high-efficiency computers and servers, and enabling their power management

capabilities.

Oracle’s Green Business Practices

Supply Chain and Suppliers: In addition to becoming more conscious about its

own impact on the environment, Oracle also considers if its key suppliers are

doing the same. Examples of how Oracle works with its suppliers include the

following:

• Included environmental selection criteria within its Managed Supplier Partner 

program. Oracle evaluates tier 1, 2, and 3 suppliers, in part, on their

environmentally friendly policies and practices.

• Changed PC procurement to ensure suppliers preinstall power-saving enablers

on every PC delivered to Oracle.

• Implemented dual-sided printing, thereby reducing paper consumption. •

Extended the use of remanufactured toner cartridges.

Products and Packaging: Oracle has reduced the environmental impact of 

internal manufacturing and distribution operations by consolidating warehouse

facilities and moving to electronic delivery of software and documentation. After

moving to electronic distribution in 1998, Oracle has reduced the amount of 

printed documentation it ships by

more than 96 percent.

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Recycling: Almost since its founding, Oracle has had a formal program to recycle

waste by-products found in most office environments: batteries, bottles, cans,

cardboard, CDs, computers, paper, toner cartridges, and more.

Examples of Oracle’s efforts in this area include the following: 

• Approximately 71 tons of paper, cardboard, cans, bottles, and plastic are

recycled each year at its headquarters in California.

• Oracle builds global partnerships with leading IT hardware recycling companies

to retire all Oracle IT hardware and technology assets in an environmentally

friendly manner. Oracle has set a high global standard, using the U.S. and

Singapore environmental laws as a basis, regardless of whether other countries

have lower standards. Oracle also works with its partners to donate refurbished

computers, where feasible, to nonprofit organizations.

Transportation Alternatives: Oracle is committed to decreasing the number of 

cars on the road and has established alternative commuter programs. Oracle has

 been consistently recognized as one of the ―Best Workplaces for Commuters‖ by

the EPA. Oracle sponsors shuttles to and from local train stations, and provides

bicycle lockers, priority carpool parking, OraBikes for local use, vanpool

programs, and discounted public-transit tickets for employees.

Marketing Events: Oracle Marketing has made its large global conferences more

eco-friendly by, for example, using recycled carpeting, making materials available

online, encouraging use of Nalgene water bottles, printing all items on recycled

paper, and increasing the use of hybrid vehicles for customer and executive

transportation.

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ORACLE and ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Oracle must extend energy-saving efforts to all regions so that the same energy-

performance criteria apply to all Oracle facilities. Oracle is working to decrease

its environmental impact by reducing the amount of energy it uses to heat, cool,

light, and maintain its corporate offices. In addition to adopting simple

conservation measures such as turning off monitors overnight, reducing lighting

in hallways and stairwells, and replacing incandescent lighting with fluorescent

lights, Oracle also incorporates cutting-edge energy saving features in the design

and construction of new facilities. Using Renewable Power Oracle recognizes the

importance of using renewable sources of energy. As part of the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Green Power Partnership Program,

Oracle pledged to purchase power from renewable sources such as wind, solar,

and geothermal for its Austin, Texas, data center. Because Oracle committed

to purchasing more than 10 percent of its power for the data center from

renewable sources — far more than the minimum 3 percent required to be a

certified Green Power partner — the EPA has honored it with membership in the

Green Power Leadership Club. The Austin data center was designed to include

modern energy-saving features such as an airflow management system that

adjusts airflow according to the number of servers running. This allows centermanagers to use the minimum amount of power necessary for maintaining

suitable conditions for the equipment.

Rising to the Challenge Because energy management is a global issue, Oracle’s

conservation efforts extend across all regions. During the California energy crisis

of 2000 – 2001, for example,

Oracle implemented stringent conservation and efficiency measures. As a result,

the company was able to cut energy usage at its Redwood Shores headquarters by

10.5 percent in 2001 — and has continued to achieve savings of 9.3 percent, 11.5

percent, and 12.4 percent in 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively.  

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CHAPTER 4

ORACLE ON SOCIETY

Oracle has a long history of employee volunteerism, charitable giving, respect for

the environment, and a strong commitment to improving education. But we havenever taken the step of recording our efforts for the benefit of our employees,

shareholders, customers, and policy makers around the world — that is, until now.

Programs such as ThinkQuest, is a global competition for students to create

educational Web sites and thereby build understanding across cultures, and Oracle

Academy, which works in partnership with secondary schools to educate students,

are just two examples of our creative efforts. 

Oracle Volunteers:

Provides opportunities for Oracle employees to actively address social needs and

make a measurable, positive impact in the community. Oracle volunteers lend

their time and talents to not only serve underserved populations, but also to enrich

the quality of life in the communities where we live and work. Volunteers teach

basic safety and life skills lessons to the blind, protect native habitats for

endangered wildlife, tutor and mentor disadvantaged youth, provide

companionship for lonely and isolated elders, and build playgrounds and housing

for low-income families to revitalize neighborhoods in transition. Oracle

Volunteers engages employees in a variety of volunteer opportunities throughout

the San Francisco Bay Area and worldwide. This year, Oracle employees at the

company’s headquarters participated in over 85 projects, logging over 3,400

volunteer hours to support Bay Area organizations. During Oracle Global

Volunteer Days, a company-wide service initiative to further Oracle’s

commitment to social responsibility, more than 2,400 volunteers in 28 countries

contributed more than 14,700 volunteer hours to benefit local communities

around the world.

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Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Oracle offers a complete set of CRM applications that manage all of the business

processes and associated systems that touch a customer, including: billing and

delivery; sales solutions that provide a single repository for customer and supply

chain information; and service solutions that increase customer satisfaction by

providing visibility into customer billing and order information.

Oracle Volunteers Rebuild a School Devastated by the Tsunami

As the world watched in horror during the days following the tsunami in South

Asia on December 26, 2004, people everywhere thought: ―What can I do to

help?‖ For Oracle employees living and working near the devastated areas, as

well as those living half way around the world, the answer was simple enough.

With Oracle’s help, the employees organized funds and relief efforts within hours

of a disaster that had left more than a million people homeless. The donations

helped fund initial relief efforts by specially trained disaster relief workers

focused on providing critical aid to survivors. In addition to monetary

contributions, Oracle employees in the Asia Pacific region were able to volunteer

to help rebuild some of the more devastated areas. One in particular is the Ban

Bang Bane School in Thailand. The school was severely damaged, and Oracle

staff in Thailand visited the Ranong Province to help rebuild the school. Fifty-five

volunteers worked for several days to rebuild the school, which opened to 120

children and 20 teachers and staff in the new school year. ―We are glad that

Oracle selected Ban Bang Bane School to repair after the tsunami,‖ says Manut

Chansakul, principal. In March 2005, Oracle rebuilt two teacher housing units on

school grounds. Most of the teachers are from other provinces, and traveling to

and from the school is difficult. ―Before the living quarters were rebuilt, teachers

had to travel 15 kilometers between the school and town each day,‖ Chansakul

says. ―They are very appreciative and grateful to the Oracle volunteers who

dedicated their time and efforts to help us out following the disaster.‖ Volunteers’

efforts in March made it possible for the school to open for the second semester in

May 2005. ―Oracle Thailand employees were pleased we had the opportunity to

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help reconstruct the school,‖ says Khun Natasak Rodjanapiches, managing

director for Oracle in Thailand. ―This effort will help ensure a brighter future for

these students,‖ he said. 

Oracle sponsors five brilliant Romanian PhD students 

Funding from Oracle Romania is enabling five outstanding students at the

University Politehnica of Bucharest to complete PhD research projects into

aspects of Grid computing technology. The research projects not only highlight

Romania's advanced IT skills, but will also help to establish Bucharest as a centre

of R&D excellence in the area of large-scale computing for the academic,

scientific and enterprise sectors.

Founded 180 years ago, the University Politehnica of Bucharest (UPB) is the

most important technical university in Romania. It has 14 engineering,

biotechnical and chemistry faculties and more than 30 research centers.

Historically, local and international companies operating in Romania have not

sought to forge partnerships with the country's academic and research sector. In

2006 Oracle bridged this divide by becoming one of the first companies to offer

sponsored PhD grants for five brilliant UPB students. The partnership was made

possible due to the strength of the collaboration between Oracle and the

University, and because of the talent showed by the young Romanian researchers.

Under the terms of the collaboration, Oracle will fund grants for the next three

years to enable five promising young Romanian researchers at the Faculty of 

Automatic Control and Computer Science to complete their PhD research

projects. The five researchers represent Romania's technological and academicelite, and will be key assets for the future of the country as an EU Member State.

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CHAPTER 5 : ORACLE FOR EMPLOYEES

In an increasingly global economy, it is not surprising that a company that serves

customers around the world would need staff to support those customers — wherever they are. Oracle uses resources to develop and deliver quality products

and services to the global market. Oracle employs people around the world in

global development, sales, and services in order to meet the needs of our

customers. Using a geographically dispersed workforce allows Oracle and other

global companies to continue to drive innovation, improve the economic status of 

workers around the world, and build the global economy. Additionally, customers

running Oracle-based enterprise systems require access to technical support 24

hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year — often delivered in the customer’s

native language. Employing a global workforce allows Oracle to address these

demands and ensure that our clients receive the level of attention they require to

keep their mission critical computing systems online. The number of employees

by region and the revenue generated in those regions remain in balance. Oracle

seeks to build an inclusive workforce and work environment. It make every effort

to attract, invest in, and develop the talents of a diverse group of people who

reflect the society and community in which we live. We welcome and support

people of all races, ethnicities, cultures, and religions, and seek to foster

teamwork and effective partnerships among our employees. Oracle seeks to build

an inclusive workforce and work environment. We make every effort to attract,

invest in, and develop the talents of a diverse group of people who reflect the

society and community in which we live.

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ORACLE ’S GLOBAL WORKFORCE 

Oracle at Work

Oracle provides an official Code of Ethics and Business Conduct to its employees

worldwide for their guidance in addressing the legal and ethical issues they

encounter when conducting Oracle business. Although employment by Oracle is

subject to terms and conditions established by local organizations, employees are

required to abide by the standards set forth in this Code. These standards cannot

anticipate every situation that may pose an ethical or moral issue, but Oracle

expects each employee to exercise sound judgment when evaluating an issue of 

conduct. When in doubt, employees are encouraged to seek counseling prior to

taking any action that may compromise either personal ethical standards or those

of Oracle. To support employees in the pursuit of superior business ethics and

conduct. Oracle has designed global courses, based on the Code, which new

employees are required to take within the first 30 days of employment. Both the

Code and the courses have been translated into many languages. These courses

include the following:

• Ethics and Business Conduct – A required online self-study course that provides

employees with information to aid them in understanding and abiding by the

Code. It is offered in eight languages.• Ethics and Business Conduct- Supplemental – A required course for employees

involved with government and higher education.

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The standards set forth in the Oracle Code of Ethics and Business Conduct

are governed by the following business values:

Integrity — Oracle employees demonstrate honesty and sound ethical behavior in

all business transactions and personal integrity in all dealings with others.

Mutual Respect  — Oracle employees consistently treat individuals with respect

and dignity.

Teamwork  —  Oracle employees work together as a team for the collective

interests of Oracle.

Communication  —  Oracle employees share information widely and effectively

with one another, except when confidentiality is required.

Innovation  —  Oracle employees seek innovative and creative approaches to

problem solving.

Customer Satisfaction  —  Oracle employees consistently treat customer

satisfaction as a top priority.

Quality — Oracle employees make excellence and qualities a part of their day-to-

day work processes and seek continuous improvement in all that they do.

Fairness  —  Oracle employees are committed to dealing fairly with customers,

suppliers, and one another.

Compliance  —  Oracle employees comply with all laws and regulations that

govern Oracle’s business. 

Business Conduct  —  Oracle employees observe the standards that have been

established by Oracle and act ethically in their approach to business decisions.

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CHAPTER 6

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT AT ORACLE

It is innovation that drives Oracle's success. Oracle was one of the first companies

to make its business applications available through the internet — an idea that is

now pervasive. With the release of Oracle Fusion Middleware, Oracle has begun

debuting new products and functionality that reflect the company's goal:

connecting all levels of enterprise technology to help customers access the

knowledge they need to respond to market conditions with speed and agility.

Today, Oracle Real Application Clusters,  Oracle E-Business Suite,  Oracle Grid

Computing,  support for enterprise Linux, and Oracle Fusion all fuel acommitment to innovation and results that has defined Oracle for thirty years.

What's in store for tomorrow? We will strive to become No. 1 in middleware and

No. 1 in applications, just as we've done in database. Our goal is to continue to

innovate and to lead the industry — while always making sure that we're focused

on solving the problems of the customers who rely on our software.

Today, Oracle is the largest business software company in the world, with morethan 320,000 customers — including 98 of the Fortune 100 — and supports these

customer in more than 145 countries.

Oracle spends 1.8 billion on research & development in 2006

Oracle spent nearly two billion dollars in 2006, ranking Oracle #6 in the top IT

spenders on research and development, ahead of Google.

This demonstrates Oracle's commitment to hang-on in the competitive relational

database market and to expand their presence in the ERP space, some money

being spend on "project fusion" to integrate their diverse family of acquired ERP

products like Peoplesoft and J. D. Edwards.

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The highly anticipated Oracle 11g software promises to be revolutionary, building

the foundation for a self tuning database and accommodating the new movement

toward massive database consolidation onto large monolithic servers. Oracle 11g

also has features for predictive modeling, using historical workload data to predict

future performance trends.

RANK  COMPANY  BUSINESS  R&D SPENDING IN 2006 (millions) 

1 MICROSOFT Software $6,584

2 IBM Computers $6,107

3 INTEL CORP Semiconductors $5,873

4 HEWLETT PACKARD Computers $3,591

5 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC Semiconductors $2,195

6 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INC Computers $2,046

7 ORACLE CORP Software $1,872

8 SAP Software $1,781

9 GOOGLE INC Software $1,228

10 ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES Semiconductors $1,205

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$0$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

Oracle Playing Key Role in EC-Funded Data Privacy Research 

Funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for Research

and Technological Development (FP7), the PRECIOSA research project aims to

demonstrate that data privacy is possible even in Intelligent Transport Systems

(ITS), specifically Co-operative Systems. In line with its commitment to

supporting innovation in Europe, Oracle is playing a key role in its development

Oracle and CERN Celebrate 25 Years of Partnership and

Innovation 

Oracle has been collaborating with the European Organization for Nuclear

Research (CERN) for the past 25 years. A celebratory event held in February

looked back at the past successes arising from the partnership, and looked forward

to new challenges that can be addressed through continued successful co-

operation between academia, industry, governments and the scientific community.

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For 25 years of its 30-year history, Oracle has been providing technological

support, expertise and advice to CERN, the world's largest particle physics

laboratory and the birthplace of the World Wide Web.

In that time, Oracle has furnished CERN with solutions to its massive processing

power and database needs and CERN has provided Oracle with a challenging

environment in which to innovate and push its technologies to the limit. The main

event to celebrate this continuing partnership, "From R&D to Innovation: Future

Business Opportunities", was held on 6th February 2008 inside the CERN Globe

of Innovation.

Inspired by the benefits and breakthroughs that long-term collaboration has

generated for both Oracle and CERN, the event brought together around 50 senior

leaders from public policy, academia, research, and industry to discuss how open

collaboration between all these sectors can accelerate innovation and shape the

technologies, markets and societies of the future.

Introducing the event, CERN's Chief Information Officer, Wolfgang von Rueden,

outlined the importance that collaboration with industry, and with Oracle in

particular, has had for CERN:

―In summer 2008,‖ he said, ―CERN’s Large Hadron Collider [the world’s largest

particle accelerator and collider, expected to help us better understand the origins

of the universe] will go into operation. Oracle's expertise in data management

technologies and its track record of innovation in computing have been invaluable

to CERN and its collaborating institutes around the world. Oracle’s solutions help

to support the deployment and operation of the immense processing power,

scalability, and system reliability needed to collect, distribute, and analyze the

huge volumes of data that will be produced by LHC experiments.‖

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CHAPTER 7

ORACLE’S CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

In today’s digital age, where information is the new currency, the protection of 

personal data and assurance of identity on the internet are important elements of 

corporate policy. These protections need to be deployed in the policies and

practices of the company as well as in the technologies that support them. Oracle

has implemented corporate privacy polices and practices to protect the personal

information of its customers and employees. As part of the company’s

international policy advocacy, we are active participants in intergovernmental

initiatives to improve the state of privacy protection and develop workable policy

solutions and best practices. There is an emerging understanding that workable

solutions need to provide effective privacy protections to consumers and citizens

while enabling the necessary and responsible information flows that are the basis

of today’s digital economy. They are working with other industry participants as

well as governments and nongovernmental organizations to develop solutions

that help us reach both of these objectives. Oracle technology also plays a role in

privacy protection. Privacy, by its very nature, is subjective. A doctor will have

more personal information that will be used, and possibly shared with othermedical practitioners, than will an auto mechanic. The nature of the job and the

information processes associated with that job dictate what is reasonable and

necessary. In light of this need for tailoring technology to support a variety of 

business practices and information preferences, Oracle provides tools that our

customers can configure to help support their own privacy policies and practices.

Because both privacy and security are focused on access control and protection

of systems and information, technology solutions for each are closely related and

often depend upon similar technological functions. Thus, many of Oracle’s

privacy tools and functions are derived from some of the security functionality

that has been designed into the products.

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CHAPTER 8

CONTROVERSIES

"Can't break it, can't break in"

Oracle Corporation markets many of its products using the slogan "Can't break it,

can't break in", or "Unbreakable". This signifies the increasing demands on

information safety. Oracle Corporation also stresses the reliability of networked

databases and network access to databases as major selling points. However, two

weeks after its introduction in 2002, David Litchfield,  Alexander Kornbrust, 

Cesar Cerrudo and others demonstrated a whole suite of successful attacks against

Oracle products. Commentators criticized the slogan as unrealistic, and as an

invitation to crackers. But Oracle Corporation's chief security officer Mary Ann

Davidson portrayed the criticism as unfair. Rather than representing a literal claim

of Oracle's products' impregnability, she saw the campaign in the context of 

fourteen independent security evaluations that Oracle Corporation's database

server passed.

Relationship with John Ashcroft

In 2004, then- United States Attorney General John Ashcroft sued Oracle

Corporation to prevent a contract acquisition. Then, in 2005, Oracle hired

Ashcroft's recently-founded lobbying firm, The Ashcroft Group, LLC. Oracle,

with Ashcroft's lobbying, then went on to acquire the contract, a multi-billion

dollar intelligence application.

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CONCLUSION

Oracle is the world’s largest enterprise software company. It develops,

manufacture, market, distribute and service database and middleware software as

well as applications software designed to help its customers manage and grow

their business operations. Its goal is to offer customers scalable, reliable, secure

and integrated software systems that provide transactional efficiencies, adapt to an

organization’s unique needs and allow better ways to access and manage

information at a lower total cost of ownership.

Oracle provides an official Code of Ethics and Business Conduct to its

employees worldwide for their guidance in addressing the legal and ethical issues

they encounter when conducting Oracle business.To support employees in the pursuit of superior business ethics and conduct.

Oracle has designed global courses, based on the Code, which new employees are

required to take within the first 30 days of employment.

Oracle Corporation also stresses the reliability of networked databases and

network access to databases as major selling points.

Thus , despite some controversies involving Oracle the increasing involvement of 

Oracle in ethical practices like the employee volunteerism , green minded

business policies , societiel involvement and corporate governance are very good

examples of its ethical business practices for the betterment of society as a whole.

Oracle want to continually involve in innovative practices so as to improve the

operations of the firms , who are its clients . That’s why the 98 companies out of 

Fortune top hundred use the database software supplied by Oracle.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.  www.oracle.com

2.  www.ethisphere.com

3.  www.dbaoracle.com/oracle_news/news_oracle_research_development_20

06.htm 

4.  www.sify.com/news/internet/fullstory.php?id=13349698