Neotame final1
-
Upload
venkatkonasani -
Category
Documents
-
view
168 -
download
0
Transcript of Neotame final1
NeotameThe new sweet kid on the block
Group 3 - Helen Susan and Venky
Objective and Outline
Objective: introduce and evaluate neotame in a scientific manner
Presentation outline Background and Introduction Discovery of neotame Sensory characteristics Chemical and physical properties Safety and regulations Manufacture and applications Advantages and disadvantages
Sweeteners
Classification of sweeteners
Benefits of sweeteners Reduce caloric intake and prevent tooth decay Sweetness for people who have diabetes
Non-caloric Low-caloric
Aspartame 4 cal/g
Sorbitol 2.6 Cal/g
Acesulfame-K 0
Sucralose 0
Neotame 0
Neotame
Non caloric sweetener A derivative of aspartame Much higher in sweetness intensity than
sucrose and aspartame Sugar like sweet taste Result of a long term research
Example products
Products using neotame as a sweetener
Sweetness Receptor
G protein coupled receptors (GPCR)
Pure & Appl. Chem., Vol. 69 (4): p 702. 1997
Discovery
Hydrophobic binding pockets (HBP)
2nd HBP Sweetness Potency
1 (Me)3CCH2CH2 11,000
2 (Et)2CHCH2 2,200
3 c-C5H9CH2 1,650
4 (Me)2CHCH2CH2 1,400
5 c-C8H15 1,200
6 c-C7H13 1,000
7 c-C6H11CH12 900
…
Nofre & Tinti, Food Chemistry. Volume 69: p246. 2000
Discovery
2nd Hydrophobic Binding Pocket
Nofre & Tinti, Food Chemistry. Volume 69: p246. 2000
Sensory Characteristics
What are criteria when we evaluate a sweetener in terms of sensory? Sweetness intensity No off flavors Interaction with other tastants
Sensory Characteristics
Sweetness potency 6000 – 13000 times of sucrose 30 – 60 times of aspartame 15.1% sucrose equivalence in water
Food Technology. Volume 56(7): p37
Sensory Characteristics
Clean, sugar like taste without undesirable off-flavors
Food Technology. Volume 56(7): p38
Sensory Characteristics
Comparison of temporal profile for neotame, sucrose and aspartame
ACS Symposium Series 979: Sweetness & Sweeteners, p 517, 2006
Sw
eetn
ess
Inte
nsity
Sensory Characteristics
Sugar Substitution
Food Technology. Volume 56(7): p38
Sensory Characteristics
Flavor enhancement or modificationBitternessAstringencyBean flavorChemical burning or coolingEssential oilsVitamins Plant extracts
Objective and Outline
Objective: introduce and evaluate neotame in a scientific manner
Presentation outline Background and Introduction Discovery of neotame Sensory characteristics Chemical and physical properties Safety and regulations Manufacture and applications Advantages and disadvantages
Chemical and physical characteristics
Aspartame (APM) Neotame (NTM)
Physical state White crystaline powder White crystaline powder
Bulk chemical stability
Stable under dry storage condition
Stable under dry storage condition (several years);
Sweetness potency (sucrose=1)
± 200 ± 8,000
Melting point 246—247 ℃ 80.9—83.4℃
Solubility(25℃) H2O: 10g/l
abs. EtOH: 3.7g/l
H2O: 12.6g/labs. EtOH: 950g/l
Stability (pH, temperature)
Hydrolyze into its constituent amino acids under conditions of elevated temperature or high pH.
More stable under high temperature (80 ℃) and neutral pH
Stability of NTM as a function of pH (in 0.1M phosphate buffers) at 25℃
Chemical and physical characteristics
Food Chemistry Vol 69: 245-257, 2000
4.5
High- temperature short time (HTST) processing
Chemical and physical characteristics
Aspartame (APM) Neotame (NTM)
Compatibility Reducing sugars (Maillard reactions)
No reaction with reduding sugars
Caloric value 4kcal/g 4kcal/g
Typical use levels
Tabletop: 37mg/unit; carbonated soft drinks: 525mg/l
Tabletop: 0.9mg/unit; carbonated soft drinks: 17mg/l
Insignificant viscosity no mixing problems
Negligible lowering of the surface tension and pH no excessive foaming
Chemical and physical characteristics
Matabolism
De-esterification
De-esterified Neotame
Food Chemistry Vol 69: 245-257, 2000
Safety
Total (potential + actual) methanol content of various vegetable or fruit juices compared to that of beverages formulated with APM (525mg/l) or NTM (17mg/l). Food Chemistry Vol 69: 245-257, 2000
Safety
"Level of exposure is of no toxicological concern because humans are exposed to much greater levels of methanol intake from their daily diets." U.S. FDA, 2002; E.U. EFSA, 2007 (EFSA: European Food Safety Agency).
Not mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic
Safe for use by the general populaiton Children Pregnant women Diabetics Phenylketonurics
Safety
Safety
Comparision between the phenylalanine (Phe) content (i) of a beverage formulated with 525mg/l of APM, (ii) of two typical fruit juices, (iii) of a beverage formulated with 17mg/l of NTM Food Chemistry Vol 69: 245-257, 2000
Not mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic
Safe for use by the general populaiton Children Pregnant women Diabetics Phenylketonurics
"Contains phenylalanine"
Safety
Regulation Status
Approval: FDA (2002); EU(2009). More than 35 countries
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): 0-2 mg/kg body weight (JECFA in 2003;
EFSA in 2007).
Regulation Status
Objective and Outline
Objective: introduce and evaluate neotame in a scientific manner
Presentation outline Background and Introduction Discovery of neotame Sensory characteristics Chemical and physical properties Safety and regulations Manufacture and applications Advantages and disadvantages
Synthesis of Neotame
N-[N-(3,3-diimethylbutyl)-l α-aspartyl]-l-phenylalanine1-methyl ester
First patent issued in 1996 to Nofre and Tinti (NutraSweet®)
(Patent # 5480668)
6 patents issued for synthesis and purification 4 to Monsanto®
CH3
CH3
CH3--- C ---CH2 -- CH2 -- CHO
Synthesis of Neotame
One step synthesis using Aspartame
Nofre and Trinti (1996) patent # 5480668
Aspartame
Palladium/C
H2
Neotame
3,3-dimethyl butyraldehyd
e
N
H
H
Utility
Non-nutritive, non-caloric sweetener Caloric value
Neotame as a dipeptide- 4kcal /g Effective caloric value- 0.3kcal/g
Non-cariogenic Application in chewing gums
compatible with reducing sugars (such as glucose, fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, lactose, maltose) and aldehyde-based flavouring agents (such as vanilla, cinnamon, cherry,bitter almond, lemon)
Suitable for wider applications
Utility
Application in carbonated beverages Stable at pH 3-5 17mg/l 0.004kcal
Table-top sweetner More stable at pH 7 compared to other
sweeteners Baking applications Flavor enhancer and modifiers
Potassium chloride in salt substitutes, soy milk, essential oil, and plant extracts
Suggested Neotame use levels
Application Use level
Tabletop sweetener 0.9 mg/unit *
Lemon tea (hot packed) 8 mg/l
Yogurt 15 mg/l
Powdered soft drink 16 mg/l#
Carbonated soft drink 17 mg/l
Cake (yellow cake) 35 mg/kg
Chewing gum 250 mg/kg
* Equivalent to the sweetness of 2 teaspoons of sugar.# Final concentration in the reconstituted beverage.
Nofre and Trinti. Food Chemistry 69 (2000) 245-57
Advantages
Cost effective Safe Clean sweet taste(close to sucrose) No off-flavour or metallic taste Non-caloric and non-cariogenic Stability and shelf life Chemical inertness towards reducing sugars and
flavoring agents No foaming and less effect on viscosity and suface
tension One step synthesis
Disadvantages
No Maillard reaction in bakery products misconception
Thanks
Thank you
Questions