FINAL REPORT -...

ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACT

ASSESSMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACT

ASSESSMENT

For the Proposed Durgapur Captive Power Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Burdwan in West Bengal

Environmental Consultant:

Vimta Labs Limited

142, IDA, Phase-II, Cherlapally,

Hyderabad–500 051, www.vimta.com(NABL/ISO 17025 Certified Laboratory, Recognized by MoEF, New Delhi)

April 2015

(Approved Consultant)

FINAL REPORT

Project Proponent :

NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd

Durgapur, Burdwan District, West Bengal

For and on behalf of VIMTA Labs Limited

Approved by : M. Janardhan

Signed :

Position : HOD & Vice President (Env)

Date : April 30, 2015

The report has been prepared in line with the prescribed TORs issued vide letter No:

J-13012/30/2013-IA.I (T) dated 7th May 2014 of Ministry of Environment and Forests,

New Delhi.

This report has been prepared by Vimta Labs Limited with all reasonable skill, care

and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, incorporating our

General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources

devoted to it by agreement with the client.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR

THE PROPOSED DURGAPUR CAPTIVE POWER PROJECT-III (2X20 MW)

AT DURGAPUR, DISTRICT BURDWAN IN WEST BENGAL

NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd Durgapur, Burdwan District, West Bengal

PREFACE

Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Durgapur Captive Power

Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Burdwan in West Bengal

Table of Contents

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad TC-1

Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________ Chapter Title Page ________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents TC-1 List of Figures TC-4 List of Tables TC-5 1.0 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the report C1-1 1.2 Identification of the Project and Project Proponent C1-1 1.3 Brief Description of project C1-2 1.4 Importance to the Country & Region C1-3 1.5 Existing Project Clearance Details C1-8 1.6 Scope of the Study C1-8 1.7 Methodology of the Study C1-8 2.0 Project Description

2.1 Introduction C2-1 2.2 Description of Proposed Power Plant C2-1 2.3 Broad Technical Features C2-6 2.4 Fuel Requirement C2-8 2.5 Infrastructure Facilities for Power Plant C2-9 2.6 Utilities C2-10 2.7 Source of Pollution C2-11 3.0 Baseline Environmental Status

3.1 Introduction C3-1 3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology C3-1 3.3 Land use Studies C3-11 3.4 Soil Characteristics C3-17 3.5 Meteorology C3-21 3.6 Air Quality C3-28 3.7 Water Quality C3-33 3.8 Noise Level Survey C3-38 3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity C3-41 3.10 Demography and Socio-economics C3-50

4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

4.1 Introduction C4-1 4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase C4-1 4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase C4-4 4.4 Environmental Management Plan during Construction

Phase C4-22 4.5 Environmental Management Plan during Operation

Phase C4-23 4.6 Rainwater Harvesting System C4-25 4.7 Greenbelt Development C4-31 4.8 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures C4-37



Table of Contents


Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________ Chapter Title Page ________________________________________________________________ 5.0 Analysis of Alternative Site 5.1 Analysis of Alternative Site for Location of Power Plant C5-1 5.2 Selection of Turbine and Boiler C5-2

6.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme

6.1 Introduction C6-1 6.2 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure C6-1

6.3 Monitoring Schedule C6-1 6.4 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis C6-5 6.5 Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data C6-7 7.0 Additional Studies

7.1 Public Consultation C7-1

7.2 Risk Assessment Studies C7-8 7.3 Hazard Identification C7-9 7.4 Hazardous Assessment and Evaluation C7-10 7.5 Disaster Management Plan C7-21 7.6 Off-Site Emergency Preparation Plan C7-36 7.7 Occupational Health and Safety C7-42

7.8 Involvement of Outside Agencies C7-45

8.0 Project Benefits

8.1 Construction Phase C8-1 8.2 Operational Phase C8-2

9.0 Administrative Aspects

9.1 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection and Conservation C9-1

10.0 Summary and Conclusions 10.1 Environmental Setting C10-1 10.2 Resource Requirement C10-1 10.3 Baseline Environmental Status C10-2 10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

Measures C10-3 10.5 Environment Management during Operation Phase C10-5 10.6 Project Benefits C10-6 10.7 Conclusions C10-6



Table of Contents


Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________ Chapter Title Page ________________________________________________________________ 11.0 Disclosure of Consultants 11.1 Introduction C11-1 11.2 Vimta Labs Limited C11-1 List of Annexures

Annexure-I TOR Compliance AI-1 Annexure-II EC & CTO AII-1 Annexure-III Applicable Environment standards AIII-1 Annexure-IV Methodology Adopted for Sampling and Analysis AIV-1 Annexure-V Dry Fly Ash Potential Users AV-1 Annexure-VI Coal Linkage Letter AVI-1 Annexure-VII Certification AVII-1 Annexure-VIII Water Allocation Letter AVIII-1 Annexure-IX Land Use Pattern AIX-1 Annexure-X AAQ AX-1 Annexure-XI DFO Letter AXI-1 Annexure-XII Demographic Details AXII-1 Annexure-XIII Minutes of Public Hearing AXIII-1 Annexure-XIV Vision Document AXIV-1 Annexure-XV High Flood Level AXV-1 Annexure-XVI Relocation of Ash Pond AXVI-1 Annexure-XVII Coal Analysis of Test Report AXVII-1 Annexure-XVIII Disaster Management Plan AXVIII-1



Table of Contents


List of Figures ________________________________________________________________ Figure Title Page ________________________________________________________________

1.1 Index Map C1-4 1.2 Study Area Map C1-5 1.3 Google Map C1-6 2.1(A) Photographs Showing Existing Plant Facilities C2-2 2.1(B) Photographs Showing Proposed Plant Facilities C2-3 2.2 Layout of the Power Plant C2-4 2.3 Process Flow CPP C2-5 2.4(A) Existing Water Balance C2-12 2.4(B) Proposed Water Balance C2-13 3.2.1 Drainage Map of the Study Area C3-3 3.2.2 Hydrogeological Map of the Study Area C3-5 3.2.3 Well Hydrograph of CGWB Monitoring Wells C3-7 3.2.4 Flood Hazard Map C3-9 3.2.5 Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map C3-10 3.3.1 Satellite Imagery C3-15 3.3.2 Land use Map C3-16 3.4.1 Soil Sampling Location C3-20 3.5.1 Annual Wind Rose at 08:30 Hrs C3-25 3.5.2 Annual Wind Rose at 017:30 Hrs C3-26 3.5.3 Site Specific Wind Rose C3-27 3.6.1 Air Quality Sampling Location C3-30 3.7.1 Water Sampling Location C3-37 3.8.1 Noise Monitoring Location C3-39 3.9.1 Terrestrial and Aquatic Sampling Locations C3-43

4.1 Short Term 24 hourly Incremental GLCs of PM (2x20) C4-8 4.2 Short Term 24 hourly Incremental GLCs of SO2 (2x20) C4-9 4.3 Short Term 24 hourly Incremental GLCs of NOx (2x20) C4-10 4.4 Cumulative Short Term 24 hrs Incremental GLcs of PM C4-11 4.5 Cumulative Short Term 24 hrs Incremental GLcs of SO2 C4-12

4.6 Cumulative Short Term 24 hrs Incremental GLcs of Nox C4-13 4.7 Predicted Noise Dispersion Contour C4-21 4.8 Schematic Diagram of Effluent Treatment Scheme C4-27 4.9 Schematic Diagram of Sewage Treatment Plant C4-28 4.10 Schematic Diagram of Rain Water Harvesting Pit C4-29 4.11 Green Belt Development Plan C4-33 7.1 Paper Advertisement C7-2 7.2 Damage Contour for LDO Tanks (1x10 KL) on Fire C7-20 7.3 On-Site Emergency Organization Chart C7-37 7.4 Communication Network C7-47 8.1 CSR Photographs C8-5 9.1 Organisational Structure of Environment Management C9-2



Table of Contents


List of Tables

Tables Title Page

1.1 Details of Environmental Setting C1-2 1.2 Long Term Forecast of Power Demand C1-3 1.3 Monitoring Frequency C1-9

2.1 Silent Features of Proposed Power Plant C2-1 2.2 Coal Analysis C2-8 2.3 Typical Characteristics of Light Diesel Oil C2-9 2.4 Land use Break-Up C2-9 2.5(A) Water Requirement (Existing) C2-9 2.5(B) Water Requirement (Proposed) C2-10 2.6 Stack Details and Emission Rates C2-14 2.7 Waste Water Generation and Treatment / Disposal C2-15 3.2.1 Long Term Water Levels of CGWB Monitoring Wells C3-6 3.2.2 The Dynamic Ground Water Resources C3-8 3.2.3 The Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Durgapur C3-8 3.2.4 The Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Study Area C3-8 3.3.1 Land Use Pattern in the Study Area C3-11 3.3.2 Land Use /Land Cover Classification System C3-12 3.3.3 Land use Break up of the Study Area C3-14 3.4.1 Details of Soil Sampling Locations C3-17 3.4.2 Soil Analysis Results C3-18 3.4.3 Standard Soil Classification C3-19 3.5.1 Climatology Data Station C3-21

3.5.2 Summary of the Meteorological Data Generated at Site C3-23 3.5.3 Summary of Wind Pattern at the Study Area C3-23

3.6.1 Details of ambient air quality Monitoring Locations C3-29 3.6.2 Sampling and Analytical Methods and Detection Limit for Ambient Air Quality Parameters C3-29 3.6.3 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results C3-31 3.7.1 Details of Water Sampling Location C3-34 3.7.2(A)Ground Water Quality C3-35 3.7.2(B)Surface Water Quality C3-36 3.8.1 Details of Noise Monitoring Locations C3-40 3.8.2 Noise Level in the study Area C3-40 3.9.1 List of Terrestrial Ecological Sampling Location C3-42 3.9.2 List of Forest Blocks in the Study Area C3-44 3.9.3 List of Flora in the Core Area C3-44 3.9.4 List of Fauna in the Core Zone C3-45 3.9.5 List of Flora in the Buffer Area C3-45 3.9.6 List of Fauna in the Buffer Area C3-47 3.9.7 List of Plankton Recorded from the Study Area C3-49 3.9.8 List of Fishes C3-50 3.10.1 Distribution of Population in the Study Area C3-51 3.10.2 Distribution of Population by Social Structure C3-52 3.10.3 Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rate C3-52 3.10.4 Occupation Structure C3-53



Table of Contents


List of Tables (Contd..)

Tables Title Page

4.1 Model Setup C4-5 4.2a Proposed Stack Details and Emission Rates C4-5 4.2b Cumulative Stack Details and Emission Rate C4-5 4.3a Proposed Short Term Maximum Incremental Concentration C4-6 4.3b Cumulative Short Term Maximum Incremental concentration C4-6 4.4a Proposed Resultant Concentration due to Incremental GLCs C4-7 4.4b Cumulative Resultant Concentration due to Incremental GLCs C4-7 4.5 Expected Quality of Wastewater C4-14 4.6 Expected Solid waste from Power Plant C4-15 4.7 Major Noise Generating Sources C4-17 4.8 Predicted Noise Level at the Plant Boundaries C4-17 4.9 Details of Wastewater Treatment C4-24 4.10 Greenbelt Development Schedule C4-32 4.11 Recommended Plants for Greenbelt C4-34 4.12 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures C4-37 5.1 Comparison of Alternative Sites C5-1 5.2 Comparison between AFBC and CFBC Boiler C5-2 6.1 Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage C6-2 6.2 Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase C6-4 7.1 Summary of Issues Raised are Grouped and Discussed C7-6 7.2 Hazardous Material proposed to be stored /Transported C7-9 7.3 Category wise Schedule of storage Tanks C7-9 7.4 Properties of Fuel Used in the plant C7-10 7.5 Applicability of GOI Rules to Fuel/Chemical Storage C7-10 7.6 Preliminary Hazardous Analysis for Storage Areas C7-12 7.7 Preliminary Hazardous Analysis for Whole Plant in General C7-12 7.8 Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index C7-13 7.9 Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index C7-13 7.10 Damage Due To Incident Radiation Intensities C7-15 7.11 Radiation Exposure and Lethality C7-15 7.12 Scenarios Considered for MCA Analysis C7-16 7.13 Properties of Fuel Considered for Modelling C7-16 7.14 Occurrence of Various Radiation Intensities C7-17 7.15 Hazardous Analysis for Process in Power Plant C7-18 7.16 Hazardous Events Contributing To Risk at On Site Facilities C7-19 7.17 Off-Site Action Plan C7-41 7.18 Emergency Contact Number C7-48 8.1 CSR Expenditure C8-3 8.2 Budget Break-Up of CSR Activities C8-4 10.1 Ambient Air Quality in 10 km Radius C10-2 10.2 Expected Solid Waste from Power Plant C10-4


Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Burdwan in West Bengal Chapter-1

Introduction

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

M/s NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd is proposing to setup 2 x 20 MW

coal based captive power plant at Durgapur, Burdwan district, West Bengal. This

expansion is planned to meet the power requirement of Durgapur Steel Plant.

This chapter describes the purpose of the report, identification of the proposed

project and brief description of nature, size and location of the project and

importance to the region and country. This chapter also describes the scope of

the study and details of regulatory scoping carried out as per Terms of Reference

(TOR) issued by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi.

1.1 Purpose of the Report

As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th

September 2006 and its amendment thereafter, the proposed project falls under

‘Category B’ required clearance of State Environment Impact Assessment

Authority (SEIAA). Application for prior environmental clearance for the above

proposal was submitted to the MoEF and meetings were held for the proposed

project in MoEF on 13th -14th February, 2014 to determining Terms of Reference

(TOR) for the preparation of EIA/EMP report. The TOR conditions towards

proposed captive power plant received from MoEF, vide letter No.J-

13012/30/2013-IA.I (T) dated 7th May 2014. A copy of MoEF letter giving the

details of TOR and its compliance is given in Annexure-I.

EIA/EMP has been prepared and submitted to state PCB for conducting Public

Hearing and the meeting was held on 6th January 2015 at Rabindra Bhawan,

Shivaji Road, A-Zone, Durgapur, District Burdwan, West Bengal and public

concerns and comments are taken into consideration for preparing the final

EIA/EMP report. The public hearing details are incorporated in Chaper-7.

Accordingly, to obtain Environment Clearance (EC) from MoEF, this EIA report has

been prepared for assessing the environmental impacts due to the proposed

power plant.

1.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent

NTPC Ltd formed a joint venture with SAIL on 50:50 basis in March, 2001 in the

name NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Limited (NSPCL). NTPC-SAIL took over

captive power plant-II located at Durgapur Steel Plant (2X60 MW) and Rourkela

Steel Plant (2X60 MW) from SAIL.

NTPC Ltd formed another joint venture company with SAIL on 50:50 basis in

March, 2002 in the name of Bhilai Electric Supply Company (P) Ltd. (BESCL).

BESCL took over captive power plant-II located at Bhilai Steel Plant (2X30 MW +

1X14 MW BPTG) from SAIL. With effect from 11th September, 2006, BESCL was

amalgamated with NTPC-SAIL and all properties, licenses, permissions, debt,

liabilities etc. with respect to BESCL now rests in NTPC-SAIL.



Introduction


1.3 Brief Description of Project

1.3.1 Size of the Project

The coal based captive thermal power plant is of 40 MW (2 x 20 MW) capacity.

The coal requirement for the proposed thermal power plant is about 0.3 MTPA.

The estimated cost of the project is about Rs.361.94 crores.

1.3.2 Location of the Project

The proposed coal based thermal power plant is located at Durgapur, Burdwan

district, West Bengal. The geographical co-ordinates of the proposed project for

Main Plant latitude 23º32’10.14” to 23º31’56.66’’Nand longitude 87º15’8.14” to

87º15’22.77” E and Ash Dyke latitude 23°32’47.65” to 23°32’36.75” N and

longitude 87°14’21.88’ to 87°14’37.92”.The present land use of proposed site is

industrial.

The details of environmental setting are given in Table-1.1. The index map,

study area map and google map of the proposed project are shown in Figure-

1.1, Figure-1.2 and Figure-1.3 respectively.

TABLE-1.1

DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

Sr. No. Particulars Details

1 Location

Mandal Durgapur

District Burdwan

State West Bengal

2 Geographical Co-ordinates

Project Area Coordinates Main plant

Ash Dyke

Sno Latitude Longitude

A 23º32’10.14”N 87º15’8.14”E

B 23º31’56.66’’N 87º15’22.77”E

Sno Latitude Longitude

C 23°32’47.65’’N 87°14’21.88’E D 23°32’36.75”N 87°14’37.92”E

3 Elevation above MSL 75 m above Mean Sea Level

4 Topography Plain land

5 Geographical location in Toposheet

73-M/2, 73 M/3, 73 M/6 & 73 M/7

6 Present land use Industrial

7 Climate Condition Annual Max. Temperature – 36.3° C Annual Min. Temperature –12.8° C

Total average annual rainfall – 1191.1 mm Nearest IMD Station- Bankura (35 Km, SSW)

8 Nearest Highway Asansol NH2 (2 km, NW)

9 Nearest Railway Station Waria(0.2 km, SW)

10 Nearest Airport Kolkata (160 km, SE)

11 Nearest Town Durgapur(5 Km, SE)

12 Sanctuaries/National parks/biospheres etc

Nil within 10 km

13 Reserved / Protected forests Beliator Protected Forest (9.1 km SSW)

14 Protected area as per Wild life Nil



Introduction


Sr. No. Particulars Details

protection Act 1972

15 Hills/valleys Nil

16 Streams/Rivers Damodar river (1.3 km, SW)

17 Defence Installation Nil

18 Historical places Nil

19 Industries 1) Durgapur Steel Plant Adj. 2) Durgapur Thermal Power Station (DVC) (0.2 km,

SW) 3) ASP-Alloy Steel Plant (1.6 km, SE) 4) Shyam Ferro Alloy Steel (2.4 km, SE) 5) Kajaria Industry Limited (3.0 km, SE) 6) Durgapur Chemical Limited (3.6 km, SE)

7) Durgapur Project Limited (4.7 km, SE) 8) Durgapur Super Thermal Power Station (DVC)

(5.8 km, NW) 9) Philips Carbon Black Limited (5.9 km, SE)

20 Seismicity Zone-III as per IS-1893 (part-1)-2002

1.4 Importance to the Country & Region

One of the justification for setting up capital intensive industries is to promote

self-reliance in the production of essential raw materials, such as steel, cement,

petroleum products, fertilizers etc., which sustain down-stream industrialization

creating employment potential and national growth.

Government of India decided to privatize the Power Sector in the year 1992 – 93

with the objective of capacity addition to fuel industrial growth. Though the

response from the Private Sector – Foreign as well as Indian – was huge, the

capacity addition by the private sector till 2009 was meager for various reasons.

In fact, in the last decade the capacity addition slowed down as neither the

private sector nor the electricity boards added adequate new capacity while

growth in demand was sustained. The Government of India took in view the

various reasons for lack of interest on the part of the private sector and after

discussions with various stake holders such as industrial consumers, farmers and

the power producers, revised the Electricity Act to promote the private

participation in power generation.

The all India region-wise forecast for electrical energy requirement and peak

demand scenario fare presented in Table-1.2.

TABLE-1.2

LONG TERM FORECAST OF POWER DEMAND

Sr. No

Region Electrical Energy Requirement (TWh)

Peak Electric Load (GW)

2011-12 2016-17 2021-22 2011-12 2016-17 2021-22

1 Northern 294.8 411.5 556.8 48.1 66.6 89.9

2 Western 294.9 409.8 550.0 47.1 64.3 84.8

3 Southern 253.4 380.1 511.7 40.4 60.4 80.5

4 Eastern 111.8 168.9 258.2 19.1 28.4 42.7

5 North-Eastern 13.3 21.1 37.0 2.5 3.8 6.2

6 All India 968.7 1392.1 1914.5 152.7 218.2 298.3

Source: “Long Term Forecast at Power Station Bus Bars”, 17th Electric Power Survey (EPS) of India, Central Electricity Authority (CEA)



Introduction


FIGURE-1.1

INDEX MAP

Plant Site



Introduction


FIGURE-1.2

STUDY AREA MAP OF 10 KM RADIUS



Introduction


FIGURE-1.3

GOOGLE MAP



Introduction


The economic growth of any country depends upon the availability and

consumption of energy. The level of development of a country is measured in

terms of per capita energy consumption. Presently India's per capita energy

consumption at 717 KWh/year (during 2007-08), which is less than that of other

developing countries like China (1891) and Malaysia (1000). The per capita

energy consumption of the developed countries are very much higher like United

States of America (13338), Sweden (16665) and Canada (18117).

Ministry of Power has estimated that by the year 2012, India’s peak demand

would be 152,746 MW with energy requirement of 975 Billion Unit (BU).

• Power Development Scenario-11th Plan Period

As per CEA/Planning Commission, a tentative capacity addition of 82,200 MW has

been envisaged for the 12th Plan. This comprises of 30,000 MW hydro, 40200 MW

thermal and 12000 MW of Nuclear power plants Considering the slippages in the

past, and keeping in view the huge power generation capacity requirement to be

added during the 11th and 12th Plan periods, an urgent need is felt for a large

scale thermal power development programme in an environment friendly manner.

This amply justifies the necessity of immediate capacity addition to ensure

government’s plan to supply power to energy household in the country. The

present power shortage is 9-9.5% and peak shortage is more than 13%. The

demand of the power in the country is growing at a rate of 7.43% per annum

whereas the average growth in the capacity addition during the decade has been

around 4.4% only. The present power shortage may not appear to be so acute

because of the present rate of subdued industrial as well as economic growth. As

soon as the industrial growth gains momentum, the impact would have cascading

effect on economy of the country. Considering 8% growth of GDP per annum the

rate of growth of power needs to be raised to more than 10% per annum. The

capacity addition may be required in the order of 10000 MW per year. Though per

capita energy consumption in some developed state in India is 1000 KWh, the

same for the country is only 580 KWh, which is very low in comparison to the

other developing countries (1400 KWh). It is worthwhile to mention that on All-

India context, the capacity addition in 10th and 11th Plan periods has to fulfill the

aims and objectives of the National Electricity Policy of the government and is

receiving highest priority. Keeping in view the deficit between demand and

supply, the government has set a target to double the existing capacity (i. e.

addition of 1,00,000 MW) by the end of 11th Plan i.e. 2012.

In order to meet the ever increasing gap in power demand and supply,

Government of India has widened the scope of private sector participation in

electricity generation by passing a resolution in October 1991 and allowing them

to set-up power plants. Moreover, the measures initiated through the Electricity

Act 2003 have further enhanced the opportunities to private participation in

power sector, especially in thermal power generation.

Considering the existing and escalating demand of electricity in West Bengal, it is

proposed to construct power project of 40 MW (2x20 MW) capacity at Durgapur,

Burdwan district, West Bengal.



Introduction


1.5 Existing Project Clearance Details

NTPC-SAIL has been accorded Environment Clearance (EC) by WBPCB and

Consent to Operate (CTO) for production of existing capacity of 2X60 MW. The

clearance copies are given as Annexure-II.

1.6 Scope of the Study

As per the TOR, 10 km around the proposed plant site is considered as study area

to carry out baseline environmental monitoring. The study area map is given in

Figure-1.2.The environmental attributes like ambient air quality, meteorological

parameters, water quality, soil characteristics, noise levels and ecology have been

monitored during 1st March 2014 to 31st May, 2014 covering pre monsoon season.

The monitoring frequency details are outlined in Table-1.3. The scope of study

broadly includes:

• To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area;

• Establishing the baseline environmental aspects in and around the proposed

project area;

• Identifying various existing pollution loads due to project activities;

• Predicting incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the

proposed operations;

• Evaluating the predicted impacts on various environmental attributes in the

study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted

environmental impact assessment methodologies;

• To prepare an Environment Management Plan (EMP), outlining the measures

for improving the environmental quality.

1.7 Methodology of the Study

Reconnaissance survey was conducted by Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad and

officials of NTPC-SAIL and sampling locations were identified on the basis of:

• Predominant wind directions, expected during the period of baseline monitoring

in the study area as recorded by the nearest India Meteorological Department

(IMD) at Bankura;

• Topography and location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals and rivers;

• Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas;

• Identified pollution pockets, if any within the study area;

• Accessibility, power availability and security of monitoring equipment;

• Areas which represent baseline conditions; and

• Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental

attributes.

Field studies have been conducted for a period of one season (non-monsoon)

from 1st March 2014 to 31st May 2014 representing pre monsoon season to

determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes. Environmental

legislation and applicable environmental standards are given in Annexure-III

and Annexure-IV.



Introduction


TABLE-1.3

MONITORING FREQUENCY

Sr. No. Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring

1 Ambient air quality PM10,PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, O3, NH3, Pb, Bap, As Ni, and C6H6

The monitoring was carried out at four locations at a frequency of 24 hourly samples twice a week for about thirteen weeks. CO and Ozone samples were collected on 8 hour

basis.

2 Meteorology Wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, cloud cover and atmospheric pressure

a] Continuous monitoring with hourly recording through setting up of site meteorological station at NTPC-SAIL; b] Data collected from secondary sources like IMD station at Bankura.

3 Water quality Physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters

Once during the study period at five locations (ground water-2 locations & surface water-3 locations)

4 Ecology Existing terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna

Through field visits.

5 Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A) Once during study period at ten locations.

6 Soil characteristics Soil physico-chemical characteristics, soil type and texture, heavy metal, NKP value etc

Once during study period at five locations.

7 Land use Land use for different categories

Based on data published in latest published in district census handbooks, National Informatics Centre, New Delhi (NIC).

8 Socio-economic aspects

Socio-economic characteristics

Based on data published in latest published district census handbooks and also from NIC.

9 Geology Geological history Based on data collected from secondary sources.

10 Hydrology (Surface and Ground)

Drainage area and pattern, nature of streams, aquifer characteristics, recharge and discharge areas

Based on data collected from secondary sources.

11 Risk assessment, Disaster Management Plan and Occupational Health and Safety

Identify areas where disaster can occur and identify areas of occupational hazards.

Based on assessment.

Source: Vimta Labs Ltd, Hyderabad



Project Description


2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Introduction

This chapter highlights the features of the proposed 2x20 MW coal based captive

power plant, its layout, details of the process, fuel/raw material requirement,

utilities and services, infrastructural facilities and sources of waste generation,

their quantity and pollution control measures.

2.2 Description of Proposed Power Plant (2 x 20 MW)

The 2 x 20 MW power plant would be constructed as a double unit configuration

of 2 x 20 MW unit, with two steam turbine and two boiler. The proposed

expansion project involves installation of two Atmospheric Fluidized Bed

Combustion (AFBC) boiler, each generating 100 TPH steam at 100 kgf/cm2 (g)

pressure at 545 °C with two Condensing Turbo Generator Set having generating

capacity of 2 x 20 MW of power. Installation of associated mechanical and

electrical equipment, auxiliary units like coal, ash handling plant, water treatment

plant, auxiliary cooling water system, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), online stack

monitoring system etc. will form a part of the total installation.

The salient features of the power plant are given in Table-2.1. The existing plant

and proposed project area photographs are shown in Figure-2.1. The layout of

the plant site is given in Figure-2.2. The flow chart showing the process in power

plant is shown in Figure-2.3.

TABLE-2.1

SALIENT FEATURES OF PROPOSED POWER PLANT

Sr. No. Features Description

1 Capacity 40 MW

2 Configuration 2x20 MW

3 Land requirement 35.5 acres

4 Type of boilers Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion boiler

5 Fuel Coal

6 Source of Coal From captive Ramnagar coal mines of SAIL

7 Coal Requirement 0.3 MTPA

8 Sulphur Content 0.5%

9

Ash Content in Coal (40 % Ash)

Features Proposed

Ash generation 1,20,000 TPA

Bottom Ash 24,000 TPA

Fly Ash 98000 TPA

10 ESP efficiency 99.9%

11 Man Power 70 nos

12 Project cost and Cost Towards EMP

361.94 crore includes Rs. 16.9 crores towards EMPS

9 Stack 75 m

10 Power Evacuation 33KV 11 Water Requirement 300 m3/hr



Project Description


FIGURE-2.1(A)

PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING EXISTING PLANT FACILITIES (2x60 MW)



Project Description


FIGURE-2.1(B)

PROPOSED SITE PHOTOGRAPHS



Project Description


FIGURE-2.2

LAYOUT OF THE POWER PLANT

E 7200

E 7300

E 7400

E 7500

E 7600

E 7700

E 7800

E 7900

E 8000

E 8100

E 8200

E 8300

E 8400

E 8500

E 8600

E 8700

E 8800

E 8900

E 9000

E 9100

E 9200

E 9300

E 9400

E 9500

E 9600

E 9700

E 9800

E 9900

E 10000

E 10100

N 19400

N 19300

N 19200

N 19100

N 19000

N 18900

N 18800

N 18700

N 18600

N 19500

N 19600

N 19700

N 19800

N 19900

N 20000

N 20100

N 20200

N 19149.00

E 8120.00

N 19002.00

E 8173.00

N 18896.00

E 7828.00

N 19461.00

E 9462.00

DSP BOUNDARY

N PCL DURGAPUR CAPTIVE POWER PLANT (PP-III)

(2 x 20MW)

LOC

AT

ION

PLA

N

NT

PC

-SA

IL P

OW

ER

CO

MP

AN

Y (

P )

LT

D.

12

3

45

6

8

9

11

12

13

14

15

1719

19

18

16

20

7

21

2223

25

26

27

28

29

30

Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Durgapur Captive Power Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District

Burdwan in West Bengal Chapter-2

Project Description


FIGURE-2.3

PROCESS FLOW CPP



Project Description


2.2.1 Details of Proposed Power Plant

2.2.1.1 Turbine capacity and type

Two sets each of capacity 20 MW have been envisaged to meet 39.0 MW

Emergency load. However, necessary load shedding and switching need to be

done during outage of one unit or fall of generation.

During Phase-II expansion the 3rd TA of 20 MW will be installed along with 3rd

boiler and other auxiliaries. After the installation of 3rd unit the total Category-I

and Emergency power demand will be met by new Power Plant and during shut

down of one machine the demand will be approximately 44.0 MW and will be met

by the remaining two units with necessary load shedding and switching.

Present generation turbine with high efficiency has been envisaged. Turbine will

be condensing type.

2.2.1.2 Boiler capacity and type

The steam requirement for 40 MW generation, internal requirement for

condensate heating at de-aerator, ejector, sealing oil atomizing etc. will be

approximately 180 TPH. The requirement will be met by two Boilers. Considering

90% of consisting loading on each boiler the capacity of each Boiler has been

selected as 100 TPH. Boilers will run only on coal for 100% of rated capacity. LDO

shall be used as start up fuel.

2.3 Broad Technical Features

2.3.1 Boilers and auxiliaries

Each boiler will be provided with 2 x 60 % capacity forced draught (FD) fans, 2 x

60 % capacity Primary Air (PA) fans and 2 x 60 % capacity Induced Draught (ID)

fans. A common chimney will be provided for two boilers. The second chimney

will be provided for the third boiler with a provision for connection for future

fourth boiler. Chimney will be 75 m height.

2.3.2 Turbines and auxiliaries

• Turbines will be condensing type. Turbine casing will be equipped with lifting

lugs, jack screws for convenience of disassembly and alignment.

• The rotor of the machine will be of solid construction. Blading will be of robust

construction for strength and reliability and longer service life. The profile will

be designed to have the best efficiency for the specified performance.

• Each Turbine will be provided with:

� Condenser with 10% margin in cooling area;

� 2 nos. (1W+1S) Condensate extraction pumps with 125% capacity;

� LP heaters;

� Ejector unit;

� Condensate feed control station;



Project Description


� An electric motor driven slow speed turning gear with automatic

engagement and disengagement arrangement;

� Lubrication oil and control oil unit; and

� Safety devices.

2.3.3 Cooling Water system / Make-up water system

The system will comprise of pumps, cooling tower, valves, piping, dosing unit,

maintenance hoist etc. The underground pipelines will be encased with RCC.

Make-up water will be tapped from the plant existing network. The total make-up

water requirement of 300 m3/h will be drawn from power plant-II network and

will be distributed to cooling tower and other applications. Cooling tower blow

down will be used in Ash slurry pump house for slurry preparation, gardening and

other miscellaneous purposes. As no storage for raw water has been envisaged

for Phase-I and Phase-II. The minimum will be kept in Phase-III.

2.3.4 Pre-treatment facilities and DM water system

• Suitable pretreatment facility with dosing and clarification has been envisaged

to take care the water quality from PP-III to meet the requirement of cooling

water system make-up and service water. Raw water will be directly taken to

ash pump house for ash slurry preparation as required.

• DM water requirement of approximately 6 m3/h will be met from existing PP-

II. Two transfer pumps (1w+1s) each of capacity 40 m3/h and 80 MLC head,

two nos. DN 100 MS rubber lined pipes with 1 no. 150 m3 DM water storage

tank, DM water transfer pumps (1w+1s), one pump for boiler initial filling etc.

have been envisaged.

2.3.5 Compressed Air system

The system will be comprised of air compressors, air driers, air receiver, valves,

piping, dosing unit, maintenance crane etc. 2 nos. (1s+1s) Air compressors will

be supplying instrument air as well as service air requirement of the total plant.

Each compressor will be 10 Nm3/min and 8 kgf/cm2g discharge pressure has been

envisaged.

2.3.6 Ash Handling System

With installation of 2-nos. boilers each of 100 TPH capacity for 2 x 20 MW Power

Plant, the plant will generate approximately 14 TPH considering 40% ash content

in coal.

Bed Ash Disposal System

• The bed ash generation will be approximately 2.8 TPH. Bed ash shall be

collected from the bottom of boilers and stored in bed ash storage bunkers.

Bed ash disposal have been envisaged through slurry mode. 2 nos. (1W+1S)

high pressure water pumps have been envisaged for supplying water to bed

ash storage bunkers. Bed ash will be mixed with water in the storage bunkers

and sent to bed ash slurry sump through channels.

• From the slurry sump, 2 streams (1W+1S) of slurry pumps have been

envisaged for pumping the slurry to the ash slurry pond.



Project Description


2.3.6.1 Fly Ash Disposal System

• The generated fly ash will be collected at the bottom of Economiser, APH and

ESPs. The fly ash will be approximately 11.2 TPH.

• The off-take of dry fly ash from RCC silo will be done by the various outside

consumers through rotary feeder and telescopic chute to closed trucks placed

below the silo. Fly ash in wet form will be disposed through rotary feeder and

pug mill to open trucks/dumpers placed below the silo. Nominal water supply

has been envisaged for ash wetting in pug mill. NTPC-SAIL has MOUs with 10

companies to lift the fly ash generated given in Annexure-V.

• In case the generated fly ash is more than the off-take, excess ash will be

sent in slurry form (approximately 35% by weight) to existing ash pond no.1.

• The pumps envisaged for Bed ash system will also be used for fly ash system.

• The Fly Ash slurry will be pumped through the same DN150 pipeline used for

bed ash slurry pumping. There will be 2 (1W+1S) DN 150 pipelines.

• Cooling tower blow down will be used in Ash slurry pump house for slurry

preparation for both bed ash and fly ash.

2.3.7 Coal Handling Plant

A new Coal Handling Plant (CHP) has been envisaged for transportation of coal

from existing coal storage yard for proposed 2 x 20 MW Power Plant. The existing

coal yard will be utilised for storage of coal.

2.4 Fuel Requirement

2.4.1 Coal

Coal consumption of 2 X 20 MW power plant will be about 0.3 MTPA. Coal will be

sourced from SAIL’s Ramnagar Captive coal mine. The coal characteristics are

given in Table-2.2. The coal linkage letter is enclosed as Annexure-VI.

TABLE-2.2

COAL ANALYSIS

Parameter Units Ramnagar

Gross Calorific Value kCal/kg 3500

Sulphur % 0.47 – 0.5

Ash % 40

Moisture % 1.7

Fixed Carbon % 62.88

Hydrogen % 2.86

Nitrogen % 1.56

Oxygen % 2.29

2.4.2 Fuel Oil

Light Diesel Oil (LDO) will be used as secondary fuel for start-up and coal flame

stabilization during low load operation of the steam generator while firing coal.



Project Description


TABLE-2.3

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT DIESEL OIL (LDO)

Sr. No. Parameter Characteristics

1 Pour point 12oC & 18 oC for winter and Summer

2 Kinematic viscosity 38 oC 2.5 to 15.7 centi stokes

3 Water content, % by volume 0.25

4 Total sulfur by mass (max) 1.8

5 Ash (%by mass) Max 0.02

6 Flash point (min) 66 oC

7 GCV 10,300 Kcal/kg

8 Specific gravity 0.85 at 15 oC

2.5 Infrastructure Facilities for Power Plant

2.5.1 Land Requirement

The proposed power plant will be carried out within the existing plant area of

176.5 acres and no additional land is required for the proposed captive power

plant. The land use break-up is given in Table-2.4. In phase-II (2x60 MW) has

been commissioned in 1984, as a captive power requirement for DSP. It has been

handed over to consortium of NTPC and SAIL Corporation from 2001 onwards.

The first boiler installed transfer certificate from DSP to NTPC-SAIL Company is

given in Annexure-VII.

TABLE-2.4

LAND USE BREAK-UP

Sr. No.

Particulars Existing (Acres)

Proposed (Acres)

Total (Acres)

1 Power Block Switchyard 12.0 4.5 16.5

2 Water treatment plant, cooling tower, ash handling system, auxiliary units, roads and other utilities

16.0 6.0 22.0

3 Coal receipt, storage and handling and CW corridor within plant complex

9.0 2.5 11.5

4 Ash dyke area 83.0 19.0 102.0

5 Greenbelt 21.0 3.5 24.5

Total 141 35.5 176.5

2.5.2 Transportation

Coal receipt from existing coal stack area of DSP through conveyors for the

proposed captive power project.

2.5.3 Water Requirement

The total fresh water allocation for the power plant is 400 m3/hr. This water will

be drawn from the Waria reservoir of DSP. However by adopting water

conservation measures requirement been optimized to 300 m3/hr. The water

balance of existing and proposed power plant is shown in Figure-2.4. The water

allocation letter is enclosed as Annexure-VIII.

TABLE-2.5(A)

WATER REQUIREMENT (EXISTING)

Units Existing

Ash Slurry 500 m3/hr

Cooling tower evaporation 125 m3/hr

Drain from DM and Main Plant 12.5 m3/hr

Unaccounted loss 29.0 m3/hr

Total 666.5 m3/hr



Project Description


TABLE-2.5(B)

WATER REQUIREMENT (PROPOSED)

Units Proposed

Evap and Drift loss in CTs 205 m3/hr

Loss in ventilation system 20 m3/hr

Potable water system 04 m3/hr

Evap loss in Ash dyke 15 m3/hr

Loss in service water system 20 m3/hr

Loss in Central Monitoring Basin 36 m3/hr

Total 300 m3/hr

2.5.5 Manpower

The proposed power plant will require skilled and semi-skilled personal during

construction and operational phase. Many of the people from neighboring villages,

as found suitable will get opportunity for employment during construction and

operational phase. The total manpower required for the new power plant will be

around 70 nos (Executive 35 and Nonexecutive 35).

2.5.6 Facilities for Labour

The basic amenities for the labour force during construction and operation phase

are proposed. The facilities comprises of the following;

• Separate shelters will be provided for male and female labours for resting;

• Separate wash rooms (sanitary facilities)will be provided for male and female

labours;

• The contractors will be directed to provide fuel to labours for cooking;

• The first aid facilities will be made available; and

• Drinking water will be provided.

2.6 Utilities

In the proposed plant, various utilities will be provided for the smooth and

efficient functioning of the plant. The proposed utilities are discussed in

subsequent sections.

2.6.1 Fire Detection and Alarm System

Microprocessor based intelligent addressable type automatic fire detection and

alarm system shall be provided for early warning in case of smoke or fire in all

fire sensitive locations. Areas to be covered under such system shall include

instrumentation control rooms, electrical rooms and other fire sensitive areas of

the power plant like cable galleries, false floors, false ceilings etc. Fire alarm

system shall include multi criterion sensors, heat detectors, fire alarm panel,

hooters, call points, response indicators, FRLS cables, etc. A PC based server with

software will be provided for monitoring and logging of the fire alarm signals.

2.6.2 Telecommunication System

Telecommunication system will comprise of extension of plant existing

telecommunication system (EPABX) to additional telephone points (control room,

electrical rooms, office room, etc.). Provision of telephone sets / instruments as



Project Description


well as cabling from nearest exchange / junction box will be inclusive in the

scope.

2.6.3 Ventilation System

2.6.3.1 Natural Ventilation

Transformer rooms will have natural ventilation through wire mesh gate at one

side and louvers at other side.

2.6.3.2 Dry Pressurized Ventilation System

• Cool, dust free environment will be provided by installation of a dry

pressurized ventilation system. To prevent ingress of dust, all dry pressurized

ventilated premises will be maintained at a pressure 2mm WC above

atmospheric pressure.

• The room will be fitted with wall mounted heavy duty tube axial fan with wall

cowl, bird screen, panel type washable air filter, grills, gravity louvers, etc.

Sr. No.

Description Internal Temperature (°C)

Equipment details.

1 MCC Room Ambient temperature + 2°C permissible rise & +2mmWC pressurized.

Dry Pressurised Ventilation System using centrifugal type/ heavy duty tube axial fans, floor mounted. System to be installed in a separate room.

2 Switchgear Rooms

3 LAVT, NGT & Elect Panel Room

4 Cable Vault

2. 6.3.3 Exhaust Ventilation System

The Transformer Room will be fitted with wall mounted heavy duty tube axial fans

with wall cowls bird screen, etc.

2.6.3 Sprinkler Water System

The system consists of storage, pumping station, sprinkler and piping manifolds

etc.

2.6.4 Fuel oil unloading and Storage Facilities

The fuel from the authorized oil dealers will be transported through road tankers.

Unloading pumps with hoses shall be used for unloading. LDO will be stored in

three tank of 10 KL capacity.

2.7 Sources of Pollution

The various types of pollution from the proposed power plant are categorized

under the following types:

• Air pollution;

• Water pollution;

• Solid waste; and

• Noise pollution.

Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Durgapur Captive

Power Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Burdwan in West Bengal Chapter-2

Project Description


FIGURE-2.4(A)

EXISTING WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM



Project Description


FIGURE-2.4(B)

WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM



Project Description


Power plant is the major source of gaseous emissions. In addition, wastewater

and solid waste also will be generated. The quantities and the composition of the

gaseous, liquid and solid waste that are generated in the plant will be managed

and treated such that their final disposal into the environment meets all the

statutory requirements and the environmental impacts are minimized.

2.7.1 Pollution Load from Power Plant

The major pollutants emitting from the power plant will be SO2, NOx and

particulate matter. Proper control measures will be installed by project authorities

to minimize the stack emissions within the stipulated/permissible limits prescribed

by National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Effluents will be generated from

cooling tower blow down, wash water and wastewater from sanitary facilities.

Sanitary effluent will be treated in sewage treatment plant. The effluents from

auxiliary cooling tower blow down, boiler blow down, DM plant blow down, etc.

will be suitably treated in RO plant for recycle/reuse within the plant.

2.7.1.1 Stack Emissions

• Particulate Matter

Suspended Particulate Matter (PM) will be one of the important pollutants from the

proposed power plant. To limit the particulate matter emissions below 50

mg/Nm3, a high efficiency (99.9%) electrostatic precipitator will be installed.

• Sulphur Dioxide

A stack of 75 m height will be provided to disperse the emissions of SO2. Sulphur

content in coal 0.5% is considered for installed capacity of 2 x 20 MW as a worst

case scenario.

• Oxides of Nitrogen

To reduce the NOx emissions from the steam generator, all provisions in the

steam generator design and fuel firing system, will be made. Maximum NOx

emission from the unit will not be more than 50 mg/Nm3 of NOx including thermal

NOx produced during the entire operating range of steam generator.

The details of stack emissions given in Table-2.6. However, NTPC-SAIL will

implement the various air pollution control measures to reduce the air emissions.

• ESP with 99.9% efficiency will be installed to limit the emissions of particulate

matter to less than 50 mg/Nm3;

• Dust suppression systems and dust extraction system will be practiced; and

• Regular monitoring of the air pollution control system.

TABLE-2.6

STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES

Sr. No. Parameters Units Details

1 Stack Height m 75

2 No. of flues No. 2

3 Top diameter of each flue m. 2.2

4 Flue gas velocity in each flue m/s 15

5 Flue gas temperature oK 413

6 Flow rate of gas in each flue Nm3/s 41.1



Project Description


Sr. No. Parameters Units Details Emission Rate

7 PM g/sec 2.06

8 SO2 g/sec 55.96

9 NOx g/sec 7.20

2.7.2 Liquid Waste Generation

Blow down from cooling towers will be the main sources of the wastewater.

Besides this, domestic waste from canteen and toilets will be generated in the

plant. The wastewater from different sections will be treated in settling

pond/neutralizing pit/ETP and the treated water will be reuse/recycled in the

plant process ash handling and greenbelt development. No rejects from RO plant

will be generated in Power Plant-III. The wastewater generated in the proposed

project is given in Table-2.7.

TABLE-2.7

WASTEWATER GENERATION AND TREATMENT/DISPOSAL

Units Effluent (m3/hr) Remarks

Cooling tower make-up 70 Will be reused in process, ash

handling and green belt

development

Service water 10

Total 80

2.7.2.1 Storm Water Management

Rain water harvesting pits would be constructed to collect rain water. Rain water

harvesting pits are proposed at different locations covering all the plant area. The

storm water collected in the drains will be suitably diverted to these pits so as to

recharge the ground water. However the overflow water will be connected to near

by nalla.

2.7.2.2 Solid Waste Generation in Power Plant

Ash is the main solid waste generated in the coal based thermal power plant. The

primary fuel for the proposed captive power plant would be coal from Ramnagar,

having an ash content of about 40% (max). Considering this, about 1,20,000 TPA

ash will be generated. In that 98,000 TPA of fly ash and 24,000 TPA bottom ash

will be generated.

The bottom ash will be utilized for road laying flooring within the plant. Major

portion of the ash will be utilized by supplying to potential users. Efforts will be

made to utilize 100% fly ash as per the Fly Ash Notification, 1999 and as

amended thereafter

The ash which is not lifted by the potential users will be disposed off in the ash

dyke using conventional slurry disposal method. The ash pond will be provided

with trenches to collect the storm water during rainy days. Greenbelt will be

provided enveloping the ash pond to arrest the fugitive dust emissions. Ash pond

will also be provided with impervious liner to prevent leaching of contaminants to

groundwater.

Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Durgapur Captive Power Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Burdwan in West Bengal

Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status


3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

3.1 Introduction

This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers 10 km radius area from the boundary of the plant site. The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline environmental conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydro-geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology, land use and socio-economic profiles for 10 km radius. EIA Notification requires that 10 km radius area surrounding the project site shall be covered under the study and the same is denoted as study area. As part of the study, description of biological environment and human environment such as environmental settings, demography & socio-economics, land-use/ land cover, ecology & biodiversity have been carried out for entire 10 km radius. However, as a universally accepted methodology of EIA studies, physical environmental attributes such as ambient air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise levels, physiography, hydrology, solid waste generation have been studied at selective locations representing various land uses such as industrial, rural/ residential, commercial and sensitive locations including the densely populated areas, agricultural lands, forest lands and other ecologically sensitive areas, if any falling within 10 km radius study area. The baseline studies are carried out for three months, covering partly pre monsoon season, 2014 (1st March 2014 to 31st May 2014) in the various domains of environment. This report incorporates the baseline data monitored during study period and secondary data collected from various Government and Semi-Government organizations.

3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology

3.2.1 Physiography

Geomorphological setting of Burdwan district can be divided into three units: i) Plateau area (extension of Chotanagpur are of Bihar) the westernmost Asansol-Kulti sector. ii) Undulatory area-Asansol-Durgapur sector. iii) Flat alluvium terrain-From Durgapur eastwards. The predominant physical features over major part of the study area is the rolling and flat plan topography with substantial part under resent flood plains. The topography of the project site is plain with elevation 75 m above Mean Sea Level. The area is characterised by hat and humid climate. It receives adequate rainfall from southwest monsoon which sets in the latter half of June and withdraws in mid of October. The normal annual rainfall indicates that average rainfall is 1191.1 mm.




3.2.2 Drainage

Damodar River running west to southeast 1.3 km southwest of the plant site is the major steam in the area. Damodar River is a river flowing across the Indian states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. Rich in mineral resources, the valley is home to large-scale mining and industrial activity. Earlier known as the Sorrow of Bengal because of its ravaging floods in the plains of West Bengal, the Damodar and its tributaries have been somewhat tamed with the construction of several dams. It has a number of tributaries and sub-tributaries, such as Barakar, Konar, Bokaro, Haharo, Jamunia, Ghari, Guaia, Khadia and Bhera. The Damodar Valley is spread across Hazaribagh, Ramgarh, Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Chatra districts in Jharkhand and Bardhaman and Hooghly districts in West Bengal and partially covers Palamu, Ranchi, Lohardaga and Dumka districts in Jharkhand and Howrah, Bankura and Purulia districts in West Bengal with a command area of 24,235 km². The drainage in the study area is mainly Damodar river and its tributaries. The secondary tributaries are Talma, Choupai, Barajuri and and Barjor. There are no streams or rivers passing through the proposed project area. The Drainage map of the study area is shown in Figure-3.2.1.




FIGURE-3.2.1

DRAINAGE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

N

1 0 2 KmSCALE

Topo Sheet Nos.73 M/2, M/3, M/6 & M/7.

23°

35'

87° 15'

23°

30'

87° 10' 87° 20'

87° 15'87° 10' 87° 20'

23°

35'

23°

30'

10 Km

1

Proposed Plant SiteRiver/NalaLEGEND

Existing Plant

Ash Dyke Area

Coal Yard

Damodar River

Tamla N

Barjora N

Barajuri N

Chouphai N




3.2.3 Regional Geology

Geologically the Burdwan district is divided in to three parts. A) The extreme northwestern small part of this district, near Rupnarainpur in Salanpur Block, is occupied by the Achaean metamorphic rock, viz. granite gneiss, hornblende schist, which are traversed by bands/patches of amphibolites, pegmatites and quartz veins. B) The western part of about 2063 sq.km is covered by Up-Palaeozoic-Mesozoic-Tertiary sequence of Gondwana Super group of sedimentary rocks of fluviatile-lacustrine origin, deposited in intracratonic basins. The Lr. Gondwana Damuda Group of rocks of Permo- Carboniferous age contain valuable resources of coal seams. C) The major central and the eastern parts of about 4965 sq.km of the district is covered by alluvium blanket comprising of Older Alluvium, Younger Alluvium, Laterite, Sand, Gravel, lithomargic clay, etc. of Up. Tertiary-Quaternary age. The master slope of the district is from west to east and southeast with the land having the highest altitude at the extreme western corner of approx. 150 m msl to about 10 m near Kalna at the eastern border of the district. Laterite and red soil in the western part of the district and Vindhyan and Gangetic alluvium in rest of the area observed. The district remarkably presents the entire geological succession from Archaean to recent. The western part of the district comprising the Raniganj coalfield is underlain by the Gondwana sedimentary rocks and contains valuable coal deposits. The central part and eastern part of the district are underlain by alluvial formations.

3.2.4 Geology of the Study area

Geologically the study area comes under Durgapur-Faridpur area in Burdwan district of West Bengal is overlain by a thin alluvial cover and forms a transition zone between hard rock and flat gently sloping alluvial terrain. The alluvial area stretches eastwards beyond Durgapur to the rest of the district. The thickness of alluvial cover in the Durgapur area increases in the eastward direction. Exploration for ground water in Durgapur area has revealed the presence of sediments, which are co-relatable with the Raniganj coalfield rocks. By paleonological findings the age of the rocks are now fixed as Middle Triassic to Jurassic, against Miocene as thought earlier. The sedimentary framework is suggested to be mainly continental, with a marine transgression during Oligocene-Miocene times. The exploration has further proved the ground water worthiness of the eastern fringe of Durgapur area.

3.2.5 Hydrogeology

The hydrogeological studies to understand the local geology, geomorphic features, drainage network, aquifer characteristics and yield of water. Accordingly, various components controlling the hydrogeological regime. Hydrogeological map of the study area is shown in Figure-3.2.2.




FIGURE-3.2.2

HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

3.2.6 Occurrence of Ground Water

Ground water systems are a result of the complex combination of different lithological and structural types within an area that together constitutes an aquifer within which ground water accumulates and moves. Rather than describing individual lithological and their tendencies to form aquifers or otherwise, it is useful to describe the ground water as one continuous across various lithological types (Kulkarni and Deolankar, 1995).

As per the CGWB report of Burdwan District. In the major part of the district, ground water in thick unconsolidated Quaternaries and Tertiaries deposited under fluviatile environment, the sand and/or gravel in different proportions of this formation constitute the main aquifer and they occur down to 295 m bgl in the central and eastern part of the district. Deeper aquifers occur under semi-confined to confined condition.

Groundwater in the western Upper-Palaeozoic-Mesozoic-Tertiary sequences of Gondwana Supergroup of sedimentaries occur under both unconfined and confined conditions down to 150.35 m bgl. Groundwater in the extreme north-western small part of Salanpur Block occupied by the archaean metamorphics occurs down to a depth of about 82 m bgl under both unconfined and confined conditions down to 150.35 m bgl. It mainly occurs under unconfined condition in the dug well zone and under semi confined to confined condition in the deeper horizons.

Study area comes under Durgapur-Faridpur block. As per the CGWB report of Burdwan District. Ground Water occurs in the block Semi-confined to Confined conditions. Occurrence of aquifers in general, in the depth span of 12.00-38.00 m bgl, 31.00-55.00 m bgl and 70.00-88.00 m bgl.




3.2.7 Water Levels

As per the CGWB report of Burdwan District. The depth to water level in pre-monsoon period (2006) varies from 1.43 to 19.03 m bgl whereas that to post-monsoon it is from 1.03 to 31.00 m bgl. The long term water level monitoring data of CGWB observation well data at Burdwan and Bankura in the study area indicate a marginal declining trend (0.5 m) of average ground water levels. Water level data of CGWB monitoring wells between 2005 & 2013 and the well hydrograph are presented in Table-3.2.1 and Figure-3.2.3 respectively.

TABLE-3.2.1

LONG TERM WATER LEVELS OF CGWB

MONITORING WELLS IN STUDY AREA

Year Month Durgapurbarage Andal Basudebpur Average

2005 Jan 3.66 1 3.98 2.88 May 3.6 5.84 9.95 6.46 Aug 2.28 1 1.64 Nov 3.31 1.16 3.02 2.50

2006 Jan 4.9 2.45 3.12 3.49 May 4.24 5.7 11.15 7.03 Aug 2.2 0.89 2.78 1.96 Nov 2.95 1.55 4.4 2.97

2007 Jan 3.75 2.18 2.98 2.97

May 2.93 4.11 5.9 4.31 Aug 2.4 0.42 3.3 2.04 Nov 2.47 0.52 4.25 2.41

2008 Jan 3.6 1.18 5.25 3.34 May 3.22 3.48 5.2 3.97 Aug 1.9 0.27 2.75 1.64

Nov 2.55 3.51 4.24 3.43 2009 Jan 3.69 1.03 5.19 3.30

May 3.3 2.52 6.06 3.96 Aug 1.98 0.66 3.4 2.01 Nov 2.6 4.7 3.19 3.50

2010 Jan 3.65 1.4 11.8 5.62 May 3.5 7.04 7.4 5.98 Aug 3.03 5.02 7.3 5.12 Nov 3.15 3.02 11.7 5.96

2011 Jan 3.83 5.62 10.7 6.72

May 4.65 3.52 6.8 4.99 Aug 1.35 2.5 1.93 Nov 4.94 4.6 4.77

2012 Jan 6.38 5.25 5.82 May 2.4 7.78 5.09

Aug 1.27 2.67 1.97 Nov 2.64 2.72 4.99 3.45

2013 Jan 6.29 6.96 6.63 May 5.05 4.32 4.25 4.54 Aug 3.2 1.6 2.65 2.48 Nov 2.8 2.31 3.04 2.72

Average Water Level

Jan 3.90 3.06 6.14

May 3.81 4.33 7.17 Aug 2.43 1.39 3.42 Nov 2.81 2.71 4.83

Source: Ground water information system




FIGURE-3.2.3

WELL HYDROGRAPH OF CGWB MONITORING WELLS

3.2.8 Aquifer Characteristics

As per the CGWB report of Burdwan District. Tube wells in the Central and eastern part constructed tapping both semi-confined and confined aquifers are characterized generally medium duty (50-150 m3/hr) to heavy duty (>150 m3/hr) yield with nominal drawdown of 4-5 m. Transmissivity (T) values rages from 30.77-17.00 m2/day and the storativity ranges from 2.0 x 10-4 to 188 x 10-4. The aquifers of Gondwana sedimentories and archaean metamorphics show T values ranging from 40 to 50 m2/day and storativity value is about 14x10-4.

3.2.9 Ground Water Resources

Ground Water Recharge The main source of ground water recharge is by the rainfall by direct percolation to the zone of saturation. A significant part of the rainfall is lost as runoff from area while a limited percentage of rainfall therefore reaches zone of saturation and becomes the part of ground water storage after meeting the evaporation and evapo-transpiration losses. Runoff joining Damodar River is supplemented to ground water recharge. There is also ground water recharge from the return flow of irrigation water from dug wells and tube wells operated by the cultivators and from canals.

The dynamic groundwater resources of Burdwan district has been estimated jointly by CGWB and SWID. Govt of West Bengal, following the norms laid down by GEC-1997 methodology and projected as on 31.03.2009 is given in Table-3.2.2 and the dynamic ground resource of Durgapur-Faridpur block as on 31.03.2004 is given in Table-3.2.3.




TABLE-3.2.2

THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

OF BURDWAN DISTRICT AS ON 31.03.2009

Sr. No.

Particulars Quantity (HAM)

1 Total Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 336933 2 Natural Discharge during Non-Monsoon Period 30605 3 Net Annual Ground Water Availability 306328

4 Total Annual Ground Water Draft 152138 5 Projected demand for Domestic and Industrial uses upto 2025 8343 6 Net Ground Water Availability for Future Irrigation use 155063

7 Stage of Ground Water Development (%) 50 (“SAFE”)

TABLE-3.2.3

THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF

DURGAPUR-FARIDPUR BLOCK AS ON 31.03.2004

Sr. No.

Particulars Quantity (HAM)

1 Net Ground Water Availability 5268 2 Irrigation has been done through 117 nos of STW, the irrigation

draft has been projected up to 2004 254

3 Stage of Ground Water Development (%) 8.03 (“SAFE”)

Ground water balance in respect of the study area has been estimated and indicated in Table 3.2.4. As per the GEC 1997 norms, areas where ground water resource assessment shows stage of ground water development 70% or lower, and there is no significant long term decline of pre or post-monsoon ground water levels are categorized as “Safe”. The stage of ground water development in the study area is 23.64% and that in Durgapur-Faridapur block as per CGWB district profile is 8.03%. Since the water requirement of the existing and proposed NSPCL project is met from surface water drawn from Waria reservoir, there will be no impact on ground water in the area.

TABLE-3.2.4

THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity (MCM)

I Gross groundwater recharge 83.30 ii Natural discharge to drain and other losses – 10% of (i) 8.33 Iii Net groundwater availability (i-ii) 74.97 iv Annual groundwater draft for all uses 17.72

v Groundwater balance (iii-iv) 57.25

vi Water requirement for proposed expansion 0.00 Vii Balance of groundwater left for development 57.25 viii Present stage of groundwater development in study area 23.64

iX Present stage of groundwater development in Durgapur-Faridapur block as per CGWB District Profile

8.03 (Safe)

X Stage of ground water development including use for proposed project

23.64




3.2.10 Flood Hazard

Damodar River running west to southeast 1.20 km southwest of the plant site is the major river in the study area. Damodar River is a river flowing across the Indian states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. Earlier known as “Sorrow of Bengal” because of its ravaging floods in the plains of West Bengal, the Damodar and its tributaries have been somewhat controlled with the construction of several dams.

Traditionally, Damodar basin was known to be a curse. The basin of River Damodar has a very special shape and this influences its flood pattern. The river has about 70% of its basin just upstream of Durgapur town. These upper catchments of Jharkhand plateau, above Durgapur, generates heavy run-off during high rainfall and is carried to Durgapur in a short time. From here, this discharge travels through the river, bifurcating at Beguahana. One branch, the lower Damodar with very small capacity, reaches the Hoogly on the west bank. The major discharge passes through the Mundeswari to meet the Rupnarayan. Any major discharge along the downstream of Durgapur Barrage may cause flood depending upon the outfall condition of Mundeswari at Harinkhola.

As per the flood hazard map published based on SOI (Survey of India) flood atlas and CWC (Central Water Commission) task force report, the plant area is not liable to floods. Flood hazard map is shown in Figure-3.2.4.

FIGURE-3.2.4

FLOOD HAZARD MAP




3.2.11 Cyclones

Cyclones form in certain favourable atmospheric and oceanic conditions. There are marked seasonal variations in their places of origin, tracks and attainment of intensities. These behaviours help in predicting their movements. Pre and post monsoon storms are more violent than the storms of the monsoon season. The coastal stretch of West Bengal is necessarily highly vulnerable to cyclone. The phenomenal storm surge in coastal West Bengal is due to it peculiar bathymetry and nature of coastal belt. The northern part of Bay of Bengal is very shallow. The coast is also landlocked on three sides. As a result when a very severe cyclonic storm or a hurricane approaches the coast, the enormous storm surge generated by the wind pressure submerges the coastal belt at the time of the storm crossing the belt. The frequency of storms crossing this belt is also high. West Bengal has two cyclonic seasons – pre-monsoon and post-monsoon cyclone during April-May and Nov-Dec respectively. Pre-monsoon cyclone, which causes wide spread hailstorm and it is traditionally called in the state as Kalibaishaki. Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, South 24 Paraganas, North 24 Paraganas, Howrah, Hooghly, part of Nadia, Burdwan and Bankura are located in very high damage risk zone (V=50m/s) with respect to cyclone, where as a major part of Nadia, Burdwan, Bankura, Murshidabad, Malda, Uttar and Dakshin Dinajpur, Jalpaiguir, Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, part of Purulia encounter with high damage risk zone (V=47m/s). Wind and cyclone hazard map is shown in Figure-3.2.5.

FIGURE-3.2.5

WIND AND CYCLONE HAZARD MAP




3.3 Land Use Studies

Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play important roles for identifying sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological balance in the development of the region.

3.3.1 Objectives The objectives of land use studies are: • To determine the present land use pattern; • To analyze the impacts on land use due to plant activities in the study area;

and • To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis

growth of plant activities in the study area and its associated impacts.

3.3.2 Methodology For the study of land use, literature review of various secondary sources such as District Census Handbooks, regional maps regarding topography, zoning settlement, industry, forest etc., were taken. The data was collected from various sources like District Census Handbook, Revenue records, state and central government offices and Survey of India (SOI) Top sheets and also through primary field surveys.

3.3.3 Land use Based on Secondary Data Based on the census report, 10-km radial distance around this Plant Centre has been considered in the study. These areas were studied in detail to get the idea of land use pattern in the study area. The land use census data 2011 is not available and the land use pattern of the study area as per 2001 Census is presented in Table-3.3.1. The village wise land use data is presented in Annexure-IX.

TABLE-3.3.1 LAND USE PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No Particulars of Land use 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km (%)

1 Forest Land 0 16 937 954 2.88 2 Land under Cultivation a) Irrigation Land 0 1683 2298 3981 12.0 b) Un Irrigated Land 0 3868 3875 7742 23.35 3 Cultivable Waste Land 0 479 1122 1601 4.83

4 Area not Available for Cultivation 0 1612 2722 4333 13.07 5 Urban Area 2576 5308 6661 14545 43.87 Total Area 2576 12966 17615 33156 100.00

Source: District Census Hand Book –2001

• Forest

The revenue forest land under the study area consists 954 ha (2.88%) of the total geographic area.




• Land under Cultivation

Altogether 11724 ha cultivable land (irrigated and un-irrigated) was observed in the study area. The irrigated land admeasures to about 3981 ha in the study area which works out to be 12.0% of total study area. The un-irrigated land admeasures about 7742 ha and works out to about 23.35% of the total study area. • Cultivable Waste

This land includes that land, which was cultivated sometime back and left vacant during the past 5 years in succession. Such lands may either be fallows or covered with shrubs, which are not put to any use. Lands under thatching grass, bamboo bushes, other grooves useful for fuel etc., and all grazing lands and village common lands are also included in this category. The study area comprises about 4.83% cultivable wastelands. • Land not available for Cultivation

The land not available for cultivation is 13.07% of the total study area, which includes area of land with scrub, land without scrub, quarry, mining area, rocky/ stony and barren area. • Urban Area

The Urban area under the study area consists 14545 ha (43.87%) of the total geographic area.

3.3.4 Land Use Based on Satellite Imagery

Present land use based on remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and interpreted for the 10 km radius study area for analyzing the land use pattern of the study area. Based on the satellite data, land use/ land cover maps have been prepared.

• Land use/Land Cover Classification System

The present land use / land cover maps were prepared based on the classification system of National standards. For explanation for each of the land use category the details as given in Table-3.3.2 are considered.

TABLE-3.3.2

LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Sr. No. Level-1 Level-2

1 Built-up Land Town/cities

Villages

Institution/Industry/Godown etc

Plotted Area/Layout

2 Agriculture Land Crop Land

Plantations

Fallow

3 Forest Evergreen/Semi evergreen




Sr. No. Level-1 Level-2

Deciduous

Forest Plantation

4 Wastelands Rocky/Stony Waste

Land with /without scrubs

Saline/sandy & Marshy/swampy

5 Water Bodies River/Stream

Lake/Reservoir/Tanks

6 Others Orchard/Other Plantation

Shifting cultivation

Salt Pans, Snow covered/Glacial

Barren/Vacant Land

� Data Requirements

IRS Resourcesat 2 L4FMX was acquired for 24th February 2012 and was used for the mapping and interpretation. Besides, other collateral data as available in the form of maps, charts, census records, other reports and especially topographical survey of India maps are used. In addition to this, ground truth survey was also conducted to verify and confirm the ground features.

� Methodology

The methodology adopted for preparation of land use/land cover thematic map is monoscopic visual interpretation of geocoded scenes of IRS Resourcesat 2 L4FMX and field observations are taken. The various steps involved in the study are preparatory field work, field survey and post field work. � Pre-Field Interpretation of Satellite Data

The False Color Composite (FCC) of IRS Resourcesat 2 L4FMX satellite data used for pre-field interpretation work. Taking the help of topo-sheets, geology and geomorphology and by using the image elements the features are identified and delineated the boundaries roughly. Each feature is identified on image by their image elements like tone, texture, colour, shape, size, pattern and association. A tentative legend in terms of land cover and land use, physiography and erosion was formulated. The sample areas for field check are selected covering all the physiographic, land use/land cover feature cum image characteristics.

� Ground Truth Collection

Both toposheets and imagery were taken for field verification and a transverse plan using existing road network was made to cover as many representative sample areas as possible to observe the broad landuse features and to adjust the sample areas according to field conditions. Detailed field observations and investigations were carried out and noted the landuse features on the imagery.

� Post Field Work

The base maps of the study area were prepared, with the help of Survey of India Topo-sheets. Preliminary interpreted land use and the land cover features boundaries from IRS Resourcesat 2 L4FMX (5 m resolution) False Colour Composite were modified in light of field information and the final thematic details




were transferred onto the base maps. The final interpreted and classified thematic map was catrographed. The cartographic map was coloured with standard colour coding and detailed description of feature with standard symbols. All the classes noted and marked by the standard legend on the map.

� Final Output

The final output would be the landuse/land cover map and numerals were given different colour code for each category as shown in map. Area estimation of all features of Land use/Land cover categories was noted. The thematic map and land use pattern is shown in Figure-3.3.1 and Figure-3.3.2. The details of the land use in 10 km radial study area are given in Table-3.3.3.

TABLE 3.3.3

LAND USE BREAK UP OF THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Land Use Area

(Hectares) Percentage

(%)

Built-up Land/Other Development

1 Settlements 7462 22.06 2 Industry/Institutional Land 3567 10.56 3 Layout/New Development 83 0.24

4 Airstrip/Airport 188 0.56 Forest

5 Dense/Open Forest 83 0.25 6 Degraded Scrub Land 69 0.21 7 Forest Blanks 7 0.02

Agricultural land

8 Plantation 87 0.26 9 Irrigated/Double Crop 1904 5.60 10 Single Crop 10291 30.46 11 Fallow Land 1150 3.41

Waste Land

12 Land with Scrub 2280 6.75 13 Land without Scrub 740 2.19 14 Rocky/Stony/Barren Land 259 0.77 15 Quary/Mining/Dumping Land 319 0.94 16 Grass Land/Water Logged 308 0.91

Water Body

17 Stream/River 1373 4.07 18 Dry River 2107 6.24 19 Tank/Pond/Reservoir 1510 4.47

Total 33787 100.00

� Observations

• Built-up-land: The total build-up-land constitutes 33.42 % of total study area.

• Forest Land : 0.48 % of land is occupied by forest land

• Agricultural land: The major part of the study are is occupied by agricultural land which constitutes about 39.73 % of the total area of 13432 ha.

• Waste Land : 11.56 % of land is waste land

• Water Body: 14.78 % of land is covered by water body.




FIGURE-3.3.1

SATELLITE IMAGERY




FIGURE-3.3.2

LAND USE MAP




3.4 Soil Characteristics

It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the impacts of industrialization on soil quality. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the soil quality has been carried out.

3.4.1 Data Generation

For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the plant site area representing various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm. A total of five samples within the study area were collected and analyzed. The details of the soil sampling locations are given in Table-3.4.1 and are shown in Figure-3.4.1. The sampling has been carried out once in the study period.

TABLE-3.4.1

DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Station Code Location Distance (km) Bearing

wrt Plant Site

S1 Plant site -- --

S2 Near DSP Main Gate 2.2 N

S3 Faridpur 3.3 E

S4 Pursha 1.1 S

S5 Waria 2.2 WNW

The soil quality at all the locations during the study period is given in Table-3.4.2. The results are compared with standard classification given in Table-3.4.3.

3.4.2 Baseline Soil Status

It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly sandy clay in the study area. It has been observed that the pH of the soil quality ranged from 7.5 to 8.2 indicating that the soil is slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in nature. The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 168 to 250 µS/cm, with minimum (168 µS/cm) observed at S1 and with the maximum 250 µS/cm observed at S5 during the study period. Available potassium was observed to be in the range of 224.8 kg/ha to 465 kg/ha. The maximum value (465 kg/ha) was found to be in S5 and minimum value 224.8 kg/ha was found to be in S1.

Phosphorus and nitrogen contents are in the range of 62.9 kg/ha to 126.5 kg/ha and 54.6 kg/ha to 98.6 kg/ha.




TABLE 3.4.2 SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS

Sr. No. Location UOM S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

1 pH -- 7.6 7.9 8.0 7.5 8.2

2 Conductivity µs/cm 168.0 182.0 175.0 210.0 250.0

3 Texture -- Sandy Clay

Sandy Clay

Sandy Clay

Sandy Clay

Sandy Clay

4 Sand % 35 40 36 42 42

5 Silt % 27 22 24 18 23

6 Clay % 38 38 40 40 35

7 Bulk Density g/cc 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

8 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca mg/kg 1450 1510 1650 1850 2030

9 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 180 210 350 250 280

10 Exchangeable Sodium as Na mg/kg 160 180 190 250 300

11 Available Potassium as K Kg/ha 224.8 289.9 306.9 372.0 465.0

12 Available Phosphorous Kg/ha 62.9 69.2 83.5 90.5 126.5

13 Available Nitrogen as N Kg/ha 55.8 54.6 58.0 63.2 98.6

14 Organic Matter % 2.05 2.27 2.06 5.15 6.99

15 Water soluble chloride as Cl mg/kg 212.7 248.2 283.6 319.1 460.9

16 Water soluble sulphates as SO4 mg/kg 158.0 167.8 172.3 256.3 296.6

17 Sodium Absorption Ratio mg/kg 0.47 0.51 0.50 0.65 0.74

18 Aluminium % 1.80 1.86 1.95 2.0 2.3

19 Total iron % 1.02 1.03 1.09 1.52 1.82

20 Manganese mg/kg 380.0 360.0 400.2 406.8 480.0

21 Boron mg/kg 35.0 40.0 42.0 52.4 60.8

22 Zinc mg/kg 78.0 82.0 76.0 86.0 98.6

23 Organic Carbon % 1.19 1.32 1.20 2.98 4.06




TABLE-3.4.3 STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Sr. No. Soil Test Classification

1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 Moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 Slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 Slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 Moderately alkaline 8.51-9.00 Strongly alkaline >9.00 Very strongly alkaline

2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity (ppm) (1 ppm =640µmho/cm)

Upto 1.00 Average 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 Harmful to crops (sensitive to salts)

3 Organic Carbon Upto 0.20: Very less 0.21-0.40: Less 0.41-0.50: Medium, 0.51-0.80: On an avg. sufficient 0.81-1.00: Sufficient >1.00 : More than sufficient

4 Nitrogen (kg/ha) Upto 50 Very less 51-100 Less 101-150 Good 151-300 Better >300 Sufficient

5 Phosphorus (kg/ha) Upto 15 Very less 16-30 Less 31-50 Medium, 51-65 On an avg. sufficient 66-80 Sufficient >80 More than sufficient

6 Potash (kg/ha) 0 -120 Very less 120-180 Less 181-240 Medium 241-300 Average 301-360 Better >360s More than sufficient

Source: Hand book of Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi




FIGURE-3.4.1

SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS




3.5 Meteorology

The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for input prediction models for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the region.

The year may broadly be divided into four seasons:

• Winter season : December to February • Pre-monsoon season : March to May • Monsoon season : June to September • Post-monsoon season : October to November

On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order

to generate the site-specific data. Data was collected at site every hour continuously from 1st March 2014 to 31st May 2014. The generated data then was compared with the meteorological data generated by nearest India Meteorological Department (IMD) station located at Bankura which is located at a distance of (35 km) towards (SSW) direction. The available meteorological data of IMD, Bankura station has been collected and analyzed.

3.5.1 Secondary Data collected from IMD- Bankura

Secondary data from IMD-Bankura has been collected for pressure, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, evaporation, wind speed and direction. The data at IMD is usually measured twice a day viz., at 0830 and 1730 hr.

3.5.1.1 Meteorological Data

The meteorological data is collected from the IMD-Bankura which is the nearest operating IMD station to the project site area. The data collected from IMD station includes wind speed, wind direction (recorded in sixteen directions), temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and rainfall over a period of 10 years. The monthly maximum, minimum and average values are collected for all the parameters except wind speed and direction. The collected data is tabulated in Table-3.5.1.

TABLE-3.5.1

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA-STATION: IMD, (1999-2012)

Month Atmospheric Pressure (mb)

Temperature (0C) Relative Humidity (%)

Rainfall (mm)

Max Min Monthly Total

January 1014.7 23.2 12.8 70 105.5

February 1012.8 30.2 17.6 62 155.6

March 1008.5 32.5 23.2 52 291.2

April 1005.0 36.3 27.9 59 394.7

May 1000.9 35.9 39.1 65 1099.9

June 997.9 35.1 28.1 76 2574.9

July 998.4 31.4 27.9 83 3125.7

August 999.8 30.5 27.4 85 2567.5

September 1003.5 30.4 27.0 85 2677.7




Month Atmospheric Pressure (mb)

Temperature (0C) Relative Humidity (%)

Rainfall (mm)

Max Min Monthly Total

October 1009.1 28.8 24.7 82 1117.1

November 1012.9 26.5 18.4 76 115.9

December 1015.0 23.3 14.2 73 73.9

3.5.1.2 Annual Wind Pattern

08:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shown in Figure-3.5.1

Predominant winds from south direction were observed for 7.0 % of the total time, with wind speeds (with % frequencies) in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph (2.4%), 1-1.5 kmph (2.7%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (1.8%), 4.5-7.0 kmph (0.1%) and

7.0-25.0 kmph (0.0%). In the NE direction winds were observed for 5.4% of the total time, with wind speeds and frequencies in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph (2.6%), 1-1.5 kmph (1.7%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (1.0%), 4.5-7.0 kmph (0.1%) and

7.0-25.0 kmph (0.0%). Whereas in E direction the winds were observed for 3.8% of the total time with wind speeds and frequencies in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph (1.0%), 1-1.5 kmph (1.9%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (0.9%) and 4.5-25.0 kmph (0.0%).

In other directions, the percentage frequencies observed were SE (3.6%), W (2.5%), SW (2.4%), N (2.3%), NW (2.2%), ENE and SSE (0.9%), SSW and NNW (0.4%), NNE (0.3%), ESE and WNW (0.2%) and calm condition is about to 67.7%.

17:30 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shown in Figure-3.5.2

Predominant winds from S direction were observed for 7.6% of the total time, with wind speeds (with % frequencies) in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph (2.4%), 1-

1.5 kmph (2.6%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (2.6%) and 4.5-25.0 kmph (0.0%). In the E direction winds were observed for 5.9% of the total time, with wind speeds and frequencies in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph (1.6%), 1-1.5 kmph (2.8%), 1.5-4.5

kmph (1.5%) and 4.5-25.0 kmph (0.0%). Whereas in SE direction the winds were observed for 5.5% of the total time with wind speeds and frequencies in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph (1.6%), 1-1.5 kmph (2.2%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (1.7%) and 4.5-25.0 kmph (0.0%).

In other directions, the percentage frequencies observed were NE (4.0%), SW (1.3%), SSE (1.0%), ENE and ESE (0.9%), N (0.8%), NW (0.7%), W (0.6%), SSW (0.4%), NNE (0.2%) and calm condition is about to 69.2%.

3.5.2 Primary Data Collected from Project site

Primary data from project area has been collected for temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and atmospheric pressure.




3.5.2.1 Methodology

Site specific data covering micro-meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study period and comprises of parameters like wind speed, wind direction (from 0 to 360 degrees), temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and rainfall. The minimum, maximum and average values for all the parameters except wind speed and direction are presented in Table-3.5.2.

TABLE-3.5.2

SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA GENERATED AT SITE

Month Temperature

(0C) Relative Humidity

(%) Rainfall (mm)

Atmospheric Pressure (mb)

Min Max Min Max Min Max

Pre Monsoon 2014

March 2014 19.3 37.8 38.4 69.2 26.2 985.4 1002.7

April 2014 21.1 42.1 18.7 30.1 0 994.6 1005.2

May2014 23.4 44.4 36.5 64.3 75.4 989.4 999.7

Range 19.3-44.4 18.7-69.2 102.6 985.4-1005.2

� Wind Speed/ Directions

The windrose for the study period is shown in Figure-3.5.3 and presented in Table-3.5.3.

TABLE-3.5.3

SUMMARY OF WIND PATTERN AT THE STUDY AREA

Season Pre Monsoon season 2014

First Predominant Wind Direction S (8.4%) Second Predominant Wind Direction E (5.0%)

Predominant Wind Speeds (kmph) 1.3 to 5.0 5.1to 11.0 11.1 to 19.0

Calm conditions (%) 57.9%

Note: Figures in parenthesis indicates percentage of time wind blows

� Pre-Monsoon Season, 2014

Predominant winds from S direction were observed for 8.4% of the total time. In the E direction winds were observed for 5.0% of the total time. Whereas, in SE direction the winds were observed for 4.0% of the total time. In other directions, the percentage frequencies observed were W (3.7%), SSW (2.7%), WNW (2.5%), NE (2.4%), SSE (2.2%), NW (1.7%), N, NNE & ESE (1.6%), SW (1.4%), NNW (1.2%), ENE (1.1%) and WSW (1.0%). Calm conditions prevailed for 57.9% of the time.

3.5.3 Comparison of Primary and Secondary Data

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) records the data twice a day viz. 0830 hr and 1730 hr while the site-specific data has been recorded at an hourly interval. On comparison of site specific data generated for study period vis-à-vis the IMD data, slight variations were observed. The following observations are brought out:




• The predominant wind direction observed at the proposed project during the study period were S for 8.4 % of the total time and followed by E direction for 5.0 % of the total time, whereas the predominant wind direction and wind speed as recorded by IMD, Bankura during the Pre-Monsoon season are S and E followed by SE;

• The temperature recorded on site when compared vis-à-vis the IMD data, slight

variations was found. The mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures recorded at site during study period were 44.4oC and 19.3oC, whereas the maximum and minimum values recorded at IMD-Bankura during the same period are 36.3oC and 23.2oC respectively;

• The Relative Humidity was observed to range from 18.7-69.2% during the

study period at the site, whereas according to IMD-Bankura, the Relative Humidity was observed to be in the range of 65% during the same season.

The data generated at proposed project site when compared with the data recorded at IMD, it is observed that the data generated at the site is broadly in comparison with regional meteorology, except for minor variations as described above. The variation can be attributed to the topographical changes, elevation differences and also could be due to distance between project site and IMD station.




Source: Indian Meteorological Department, Pune

FIGURE-3.5.1

ANNUAL WIND ROSE AT 08.30 HRS (IMD-BANKURA)




Source: Indian Meteorological Department, Pune

FIGURE-3.5.2

ANNUAL WIND ROSE AT 17.30 HRS (IMD-BANKURA)




FIGURE-3.5.3

SITE SPECIFIC WINDROSE (PRE-MONSOON 2014)

C-57.9%N 1.6%

NNE 1.6%

NE 2.4%

ENE 1

.1%

E 5.0%

ESE 1.6%

SE 4.0%

SSE 2.2%

S 8.4%

SSW 2.7%SW

1.4%WS

W 1.0

%

W 3.7%

WNW 2.5%

NW 1.7%

NNW 1.2%

CALMSPEED

SCALE 5%

1.0 5 11 19 >19




3.6 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius around the plant site forms the baseline information. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to assess the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the plant site operations. The study area represents mostly rural/residential environment. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling.

3.6.1 Methodology adopted for Air Quality Survey Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality-monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations:

• Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale; • Topography of the study area; • Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status;

and • Representatives of likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at four locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. Table-3.6.1 gives the details of environmental setting around each monitoring station. The locations of the selected stations with reference to the proposed plant site are given in the same table and shown in Figure-3.6.1. � Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at a frequency of two days per week at each location. The baseline data of air environment was monitored for parameters mentioned below as per revised MoEF notification dated 18th November 2009:

• Particulate Matter (PM10); • Particulate Matter (PM2.5); • Sulphur dioxide (SO2); • Nitrogen dioxide (NO2); • Carbon monoxide (CO); • Ozone (O3); • Lead (Pb); • Ammonia (NH3); • Benzene (C6H6); • Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) in Particulate Phase; • Arsenic (As); and • Nickel (Ni).




TABLE-3.6.1

DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Station Code Name of the Station Distance (km) Direction

Plant Site

AAQ1 Plant site -- -- AAQ2 Near DSP Main Gate-1 2.2 N AAQ3 Faridpur 3.3 E AAQ4 Pursha 1.1 S

� Duration of Sampling

The sampling duration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 were twenty-four hourly continuous samples per day and CO, O3 as sampled for 8 hrs continuous thrice a day. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (November 18, 2009).

3.6.2 Instruments used for Sampling

Dust Samplers of Pollutech instruments were used for monitoring PM10 (<10 microns), PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NO2. Glass tubes were deployed for collection of grab samples of carbon monoxide. Gas Chromatography techniques have been used for the estimation of CO.

Methods adapted for air quality analysis with its detection limits are given in Table-3.6.2.

TABLE-3.6.2

SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS

& DETECTION LIMIT FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS

Sr. No Parameter Method of Testing Detection Limit

1 Sulphur dioxide APHA – 704/ IS:5182(Part-II)-2001

4.0 µg/m3

2 Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2) APHA – 408/ IS:5182(Part-VI)-1975 (Modified Jacob & Hachheiser(Sodium Arsenite Method)

4.0 µg/m3

3 Ozone IS:5182(Part-IX)-1974/APHA - 820 2.0 µg/m3

4 Ammonia APHA- 401 20.0 µg/m3

5 Carbon Monoxide IS:5182-Part-X (GC method) 50 µg/m3

6 P.M10/Respirable Particulate Matter

Internal Standard Operating Procedure(SOP) developed by Vimta Labs Limited

5.0 µg/m3

7 P.M.2.5 Internal Standard Operating Procedure(SOP) developed by Vimta Labs Limited

5.0 µg/m3

8 Benzene USEPA Method-TO 17/ USEPA Method-TO 3

0.01 µg/m3

9 Benzo (a) Pyrene USEPA Method-TO 13A 0.01 ng/m3

10 Arsenic, Nickel & Lead USEPA Method-IO 3.5 / USEPA Method-IO 3.2

0.001 µg/m3




FIGURE-3.6.1

AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS

C-57.9%

N 1.6%

NNE 1.6%

NE 2.4%

ENE 1

.1%

E 5.0%

ESE 1.6%

SE 4.0%

SSE 2.2%

S 8.4%

SSW 2.7%SW

1.4%WS

W 1.0

%

W 3.7%

WNW 2.5%

NW 1.7%

NNW 1.2%

CALMSPEED

SCALE 5%

1.0 5 11 19 >19




TABLE-3.6.3 SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS

Code Location SPM (µµµµg/m3) PM10 (µµµµg/m3) PM2.5 (µµµµg/m3)

Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile

AAQ1 Plant site 122.3 143.7 134.0 143.2 51.7 77.5 64.1 76.9 30.2 40.6 35.8 40.5

AAQ2 Near DSP Main Gate 133.5 168.2 149.1 167.2 57.3 80.4 70.5 78.7 32.6 43.8 37.7 43.0 AAQ3 Faridpur 93.5 118.9 108.8 118.6 48.1 63.3 55.6 63.3 21.3 34.6 28.4 34.2 AAQ4 Pursha 99.1 130.5 113.1 129.6 50.4 68.7 60.7 68.7 24.9 36.3 29.8 36.1

Range 93.5-168.2 48.1-80.4 21.3-43.8

Code Location SO2 (µµµµg/m3) NO2 (µµµµg/m3) Hg(µµµµg/m3)

Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Min Avg 98 %ile Min Min Avg 98 %ile

AAQ1 Plant site 18.3 23.2 21.6 23.2 23.5 30.7 28.0 30.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AAQ2 Near Main Gate 20.7 26.3 23.0 25.9 25.3 36.1 31.0 36.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AAQ3 Faridpur 10.6 20.6 17.8 20.6 15.7 21.2 18.5 21.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AAQ4 Pursha 12.3 19.6 16.3 19.4 16.2 25.9 20.4 25.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Range 10.6-26.3 15.7-36.1 <0.1

Code Location CO (µµµµg/m3) O3 (µµµµg/m3) Pb (µµµµg/m3) NH3 (µµµµg/m3)

Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile

AAQ1 Plant site 388 568 473 556 8.7 17.5 14.3 17.4 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 AAQ2 Near Main Gate 368 542 453 536 8.7 15.6 13.4 15.6 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 AAQ3 Faridpur 318 521 423 516 5.0 12.8 10.2 12.6 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 AAQ4 Pursha 340 543 445 538 8.3 15.6 12.7 15.2 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0

Range 318 - 568 5.0 – 17.5 <0.001 <20.0

Code Location C6H6 (ng/m3) BaP (ng/m3) As (ng/m3) Ni (ng/m3)

Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile

AAQ1 Plant site <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AAQ2 Near Main Gate <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AAQ3 Faridpur <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

AAQ4 Pursha <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Range < 1.0 < 1.0 <0.2 <0.1




3.6.3 Presentation of Primary Data

Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. The results of monitoring carried out are presented in Annexure-X. The summary of these results representing pre-monsoon seasons are given in Table-3.6.3 (A) & (B). These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for rural residential and Industrial zones.

• Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

The minimum and maximum concentrations for SPM were recorded as 93.5 µg/m3

and 168.2 µg/m3 respectively. The minimum concentration was recorded at Faridpur village (AAQ3) and the maximum concentration was recorded at Near DSP Main Gate (AAQ2).

• Particulate Matter (PM10)

The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 48.1 µg/m3

and 80.4 µg/m3 respectively. The minimum concentration was recorded at Faridpur village (AAQ3) and the maximum concentration was recorded at Near DSP Main Gate (AAQ2). All the results are found to be high when compared to the standard limit of 100 µg/m3 as per latest NAAQS 2009.

• Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 21.3

µg/m3 and 43.8 µg/m3 respectively. The minimum concentration was recorded at Faridpur village (AAQ3) and the maximum concentration was recorded at Near DSP Main Gate (AAQ2). All the results are found to be high when compared to the standard limit of 60 µg/m3 as per latest NAAQS 2009. • Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

The minimum and maximum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 10.6 µg/m3 and 26.3 µg/m3. The minimum concentration was recorded at Faridpur village (AAQ3) and the maximum concentration was recorded at Near DSP Main Gate (AAQ2). All the results are found to be low when compared to the standard limit of 80 µg/m3 as per latest NAAQS 2009.

• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

The minimum concentration of 15.7 µg/m3 for NOx was recorded at Faridpur village (AAQ3) and maximum of 36.1 µg/m3 at Near DSP Main Gate (AAQ2). All the results are found to be low when compared to the standard limit of 80 µg/m3 as per latest NAAQS 2009.

• Carbon monoxide (CO)

The minimum and maximum CO concentrations were recorded as 318 µg/m3 and 568 µg/m3.




• Ozone (O3)

The minimum and maximum O3 concentrations were recorded as 5.0 µg/m3 and 17.5 µg/m3.

• Lead (Pb)

The values of Pb are observed <0.001 µg/m3.

• Ammonia (NH3)

The values of NH3 are observed <20 µg/m3.

• Benzene (C6H6)

The values of C6H6 are observed <1.0 ng/m3.

• Benzo ( a) Pyrene (BaP)

The values of BaP are observed <1.0 ng/m3.

• Arsenic (As)

The values of as are observed <0.2 ng/m3.

• Nickel (Ni)

The values of Ni are observed <0.1 ng/m3.

3.7 Water Quality

Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources within 10 km radius of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the proposed plant site activities. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. The purpose of this study is to:

• Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; and • Predict the impact of water quality by these plant site and related activities.

The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary sources. Two groundwater and three surface water sources covering 10 km radial distance were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters. The samples were collected and analysed once during the study period. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for




the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

3.7.1 Water Sampling Locations

Water samples were collected from two ground water and three surface water sampling locations. These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table-3.7.1 and are shown in Figure-3.7.1. The results of monitoring carried out for the study are presented in Table-3.7.2.

TABLE-3.7.1

DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Station Code Location Distance (km) Direction

wrt Plant Site

Ground Water

GW1 Faridpur 3.3 E

GW2 Pursha 1.1 S

Surface Water

SW1 Near Benachiti Village 3.2 NE

SW2 Damodar River Near Waria Village 2.8 WNW

SW3 Damodar River Near Pursha Village 1.8 S

3.7.2 Presentation of Results

� Ground Water Quality

The results for the ground water samples analysed are presented in Table-3.7.2(A) and are compared with the IS-10500 standards. The pH of the water samples collected ranges between 7.5 to 7.6. The conductivity recorded in between 555 to 665 µs/cm in the sample. The chlorides and sulphate concentrations varied in between 100 to 123 mg/l and 18.5 to 19.0 mg/l respectively. � Surface Water Quality

The results for the surface water samples analysed are presented in Table-3.7.2(B) and are compared with the IS-10500 standards. The pH of the water samples collected ranges between 7.3 to 7.5. The conductivity recorded in between 283 to 407.0 µs/cm in the sample. The chlorides and sulphate concentrations varied in between 51.5 to 75.8 mg/l and 14.5 to 17.0 mg/l respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in ground and surface water quality are well within the limits as per IS-10500.




TABLE-3.7.2(A)

GROUND WATER QUALITY

Sr. No.

Parameters Units Limits as per IS:10500 GW1 GW2

1 pH - 6.5-8.5 7.6 7.5 2 Colour Hazen 5(25) 2 2

3 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4 Odour - UO UO UO 5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 665.0 555.0 6 Turbidity NTU (5)10 2 2 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 500(2000) 430.0 360.0

8 Total Hardness as Caco3 mg/l 300(600) 174.0 151.0 9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 138.0 119.0 10 Calcium as Ca2+ mg/l 75(200) 40.0 34.0 11 Magnesium as Mg2+ mg/l 30(100) 18.0 16.0 12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Min <0.2 <0.2

13 Boran as B mg/l 1.0 0.06 0.05 14 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 123.0 100.0 15 Sulfates as So42- mg/l 200(400) 19.0 18.5 16 Fluoride as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.5 0.4 17 Nitrates as No3 mg/l 45(NR) 10.0 9.5 18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 68.0 56.0

19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 15.8 13.0 20 Phenenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 21 Cyanides as CN mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.02 <0.02 22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2(1.0) <0.1 <0.1 23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.01(0.03) <0.01 <0.01

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05(1.5) <0.01 <0.01 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01 28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1(0.3) <0.01 <0.01

29 Total Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(1.0) 0.05 0.04 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.05 <0.05 31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5.0(15) <0.01 <0.01 33 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) <0.01 <0.01 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001

35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent 36 E.Coil - Absent Absent Absent 37 Total Coliforms MPN/

100ml 10

<2 <2

*Onsite results, $ Limits not specified, OU: Unobjectionable




TABLE-3.7.2(B)

SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Sr. No. Parameter Unit Limits as per

IS10500 SW1 SW2 SW3

1 pH - 6.5-8.5 (NR) 7.5 7.3 7.3 2 Colour Hazen 5(25) 3 2 2

3 Conductivity µS/cm $ 407.0 283.0 297.0 4 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 260.0 180.0 190.0 5 DO mg/l $ 5.8 5.7 5.8 6 BOD mg/l $ <3 <3 <3 7 COD mg/l $ <5 <5 <5

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 300(600) 112.0 81.0 87.0 9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200(600) 80.0 60.0 70.8 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 25.0 18.5 19.6 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 12.0 8.5 9.2 12 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 75.8 51.5 52.0

13 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Min <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 14 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l $ <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 17.0 14.5 15.0 16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.3 0.2 0.2 17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 6.9 3.5 4.0 18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 40.0 27.0 30.0

19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 10.0 9.0 9.5 20 Total Boron as B mg/l 1 0.04 0.01 0.01 21 Cyanides mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 22 Phenolic compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23 Oil and grease mg/l 0.01(0.03) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05(1.5) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(1.0) 0.04 0.02 0.02

29 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 30 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 33 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 34 Sodium Absorption

Ration(SAR) mg/l -

1.65 1.30 1.40

35 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 Anionic detergents as

MBAS mg/l 1 Absent

Absent Absent

37 Total Coliforms MNP/100ml 10 <2 <2 <2

Note: $ Not mentioned, UO- Unobjectionable




FIGURE-3.7.1

WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS




3.8 Noise Level Survey

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general is sound which is composed of many frequency components of various types of loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

• Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in

nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness;

• The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in

residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and • The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive landuse, which

determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The environmental impact assessment of noise from the plant site operations, developmental activity, and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses.

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise generated by the plant site operations around it.

3.8.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. Noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities in the village area, ambient noise due to traffic and the noise at sensitive areas like hospitals and schools.

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels ten locations in the study area. The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24 hours. The environment setting of each noise monitoring location is given in Table-3.8.1 and shown in Figure-3.8.1.




FIGURE-3.8.1

NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS




TABLE-3.8.1

DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Station Code Name of the Station Distance (km) Direction

Wrt Plant site

N1 Plant site -- --

N2 Near DSP Main Gate-1 2.2 N N3 Benachiti 2.5 NE N4 Faridpur 3.3 E N5 Pala 4.6 ESE N6 Angadpur 2.7 SE

N7 Near DSP Main Gate-2 -- -- N8 Pursha 1.1 S N9 Waria 2.2 WNW N10 Shirampur 4.6 NW

3.8.2 Method of Monitoring Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 8 am to 8 pm and night levels during 8 pm to 8 am at all the locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area. These results are tabulated in Table-3.8.2.

TABLE-3.8.2

NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA

Code Location L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn

N1 Plant site 53.4 49.7 46.1 50.6 51.2 48.0 55.0

N2 Near Main Gate-1 51.7 47.8 44.0 48.8 49.7 46.1 53.2

N3 Benachiti 49.6 45.8 42.3 46.7 47.3 44.3 51.3

N4 Faridpur 46.2 42.6 38.9 43.5 44.0 41.0 48.0

N5 Pala 48.1 44.2 40.4 45.2 46.2 42.3 49.5

N6 Angadpur 46.1 42.4 38.8 43.3 43.8 40.9 47.9

N7 Near Main Gate-2 52.6 49.0 45.3 49.9 50.4 47.3 54.3

N8 Pursha 50.1 46.3 42.8 47.2 48.1 44.9 51.9

N9 Waria 47.9 44.1 40.6 45.0 45.9 42.7 49.7

N10 Shirampur 46.4 42.6 39.1 43.5 44.4 41.2 48.2

3.8.3 Presentation of Results

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at ten locations during pre-monsoon season. The parameters are analyzed for Lday, Lnight, and Ldn.

Day time Noise Levels (Lday) The day time noise levels at all the locations ranged from 43.8 dB(A) to 51.2 with the maximum recorded at Plant site (N1), and the minimum at Angadpur (N6). Night time Noise Levels (Lnight) The night time noise levels ranged from 40.9 dB (A) to 48.0 dB (A), with the maximum value recorded at Plant site (N1) and the minimum at Angadpur (N6).




3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity

3.9.1 Introduction Ecological evaluation aims at developing and applying methodologies to assess the relevance of an area for nature conservation. As such, it is to support the assessment of the impact of a proposed development by providing guidance on how to describe the ecological features within the area affected, how to value them, and how to predict the value losses caused by the development. The evaluation of the ecological significance of an area can be undertaken from different perspectives and consequently with different objectives. One of such perspectives focuses on the conservation of the biological diversity or biodiversity. Among the human activities that pose the highest threat to the conservation of biodiversity are the developmental projects in particular. Such projects represent artificial elements that cut through the landscape and interfere with the natural habitat and its conditions by emissions that may be solid, liquid and or gaseous. This in turn influences the abundance and distribution of plant and animal species, i.e., the biodiversity of the areas impacted. Most of the background data needs to be acquired from the governmental agencies or the scientific literature. This information is typically complemented by field visit, site surveys and sample collection. The description of the actual ecological assessment provided by the ecological baseline study serves to set a reference for the subsequent impact analysis. Moreover, it helps decision-makers and EIA reviewers to become familiar with the environmental features and the needs of the study area

3.9.2 Objectives of the Study The present study was undertaken with the following objectives to assess both terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the study area: To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the existing project site.

• To assess the flora and fauna in the study area. • To understand the ecology of the water bodies. • To ascertain the migratory routes of fauna, presence of breeding grounds

and sensitive habitats in the study area, if any. • To assess the presence of protected areas in the study area. • To review the information from secondary sources and discuss the issues

of concern with the relevant authority and stakeholders. • Impact prediction based on primary and secondary data sources to

formulate mitigation measures.

3.9.3 Methodology To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken with the existing site as its centre. The different methods adopted were as follows:




• Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the study area;

• Primary data collection for flora through random sampling method for trees, shrubs and herbs from the selected locations to know the vegetation cover qualitatively.

• Faunal studies by taking transect in the study area to spot the fauna and also to know the fauna through secondary indictors such as pugmarks, scats, fecal pallets, calls and other signs.

• For ecological information, the secondary sources such as local officials, villagers and other stakeholders were interviewed.

• Sourcing secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature.

The list of Terrestrial and Aquatic sampling locations in the study area is presented in Table-3.9.1 and shown in Figure-3.9.1

TABLE-3.9.1

LIST OF TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS Sr. No Name of the location Distance from proposed

plant site (km)

Direction w.r.t proposed

plant site

Terrestrial

TE-1 Near kamalpur 9.6 NE TE-2 Near kamalpur 8.8 NE TE-3 Near Pardai 9.3 ENE TE-4 Near Malbana 9.4 SSW

TE-5 Near Ratanpur 5.1 SW Aquatic

AE-1 Damodar river 1.3 SW AE-2 Damodar river 8.2 SE AE-3 Damodar river 6.6 WNW




FIGURE-3.9.1

TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC SAMPLING LOCATIONS




3.9.4 General Ecology of the study Area The Forest area is chiefly situated in the lateritic and red soil high lands. The forest type in this region is Tropical dry deciduous forest, these forests are found in areas where the rainfall is between 70 -100cm. The most common trees were teek, sal, pepal, kend, mahuland kusum.

3.9.4.1 Forest blocks The only protected forest in the study area is given below in Table-3.9.2.

Table-3.9.2

LIST OF FOREST BLOCKS IN THE SYUDY AREA

Sr.No Name Distance from the site(Km) Direction

1 Beliator PF 9.1 SSW

3.9.5 Flora of the Core Zone The flora of the core area is characterized by the arborescent species such as Simul (Salmalia malabarica), Amlaki (Phyllanthu sembica), Khejur (Phoenix dactylifera), Bat (Ficus bengalensis), Bans (Bambusa arundinacea), Arka (Calotropis gigantea), lal-bharenda (Jatropha gossypifolia), Kend (Disopyros melanoxylon), palas (Butea monosperma) and Mohua (Madhuca latifolia). The list of the flora is given in Table-3.9.3.

TABLE-3.9.3

LIST OF FLORA IN THE CORE AREA

Sr. No Scientific name Family

1 Alternantherasessilis Amaranthaceae 2 Gomphrenaglobosa Amaranthaceae

3 Croton bonplandinum Amaryllidaceae 4 Lanneaasplenifolia Anacardiaceae 5 Lanneacoramandalica Anacardiaceae 6 Lanneagrandis Anacardiaceae 7 Lanneaprocumbens Anacardiaceae 8 Michaeliachampaca Annonaceae

9 Polyalthialongifolia Annonaceae 10 Carissa carandus Apocyanaceae 11 Neriumindicum Apocyanaceae 12 Blepharisasperima Acanthaceae 13 Blepharismadaraspatens Acanthaceae

14 Haplanthustentaculatus Acanthaceae 15 Jusrtiasimplex Acanthaceae 17 Justiciadiffusa Acanthaceae 18 Lepidogathiscristata Acanthaceae 19 Agave wightii Agavaceae

20 Yucca gloriosa Agavaceae 21 Mollugocerviana Aizoaceae 22 Mollugohirta Aizoaceae 23 Achyranthesaspera Amaranthaceae 24 Shorearobusta Dipterocarpaceae

25 Pterocarpusmarsupium Fabaceae 26 Disopyrosmalanoxylin Ebenaceae 27 Terminaliatomentosa Combretaceae 28 Calotropisgigantia Asclepiadaceae




Sr. No Scientific name Family

29 Desmodiumtriflorum Asclepiadaceae

30 Hemidesmusindicus Asclepiadaceae 31 Cassia absus Caesalpinaceae 32 Indigofera hirsute Caesalpinaceae

3.9.5.1 Fauna of the Core Zone

This area hosts common mongoose, field mouse, bandicoot and birds like house sparrow, common myna and koel. There are no Schedule-I species in the core area. The list of fauna is given in Table- 3.9.4.

TABLE-3.9.4

LIST OF FAUNA IN THE CORE ZONE

Sr. No Scientific name Common name

1 Passer domesticus House Sparrow 2 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna 3 Eudynamys scolopaceus Indian Koel

4 Corvus splendens House Crow 5 Herpestes edwardsii Common mongoose 6 Mus booduga Indian field mouse 7 Bandicot bengalensis Indian mole rat 8 Funambulus sp. Squirrel

3.9.6 Flora of the Buffer Zone

Most commonly found species in the buffer zone and along the road side trees are Sal (Shorea robusta), kend (Diospyros melanoxylon), Pesal (Pterocarpus marsupium), Mahul (Madhuca latifolia), Kusum (Kusum schleicheratrijuga), Karam (Adina cardifolia), Asan (Terminalia tomentosa), Rahera (Soya midafebrifuga) and Dhaw (Anogeissus latifolia). The list of flora is given in Table-3.9.5

TABLE-3.9.5

LIST OF FLORA IN THE BUFFER AREA

Sr. No Scientific Name Family

1 Sida orientalis Malvaceae 2 Sida vernanifolia Malvaceae

3 Marselia quadrifolia Marseliaceae 4 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 5 Melia azadirachta Meliaceae 6 Acacia arabica Mimosaceae 7 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae

8 Acacia catechu Mimosaceae 9 Acacia leucophloe Mimosaceae 10 Mimosa hamata Mimosaceae 11 Parkinsonia aculata Mimosaceae 12 Pithocolobium dulce Mimosaceae 13 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae

14 Ficus carica Moraceae 15 Ficus glomerata Moraceae 16 Ficus hispida Moraceae 17 Ficus racemosus Moraceae 18 Ficus religiosa Moraceae

19 Musa paradisica Musaceae 20 Sygygium cumini Myrtaceae





21 Boerheavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae

22 Opuntia dillinii Opuntiaceae 23 Cryptostegiagrandiflora Orchidaceae 24 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae 25 Borassus flabellifera Palmae 26 Phoenix aculis Palmae

27 Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae 28 Fumaria indica Papillionaceae 29 Lathyrus sativus Papillionaceae 30 Medicago aureus Papillionaceae 31 Medicago indica Papillionaceae 32 Medicago lymorpha Papillionaceae

33 Medicago polymorpha Papillionaceae 34 Mucuna prurita Papillionaceae 35 Sesamum indicum Pedaliaceae 36 Apluda mutica Poaceae 37 Aristida adscensionsis Poaceae

38 Arthraxon prionoites Poaceae 39 Chloris dolichosta Poaceae 40 Chloris variegata Poaceae 41 Cyano donductylon Poaceae 42 Dichanthium annulatum Poaceae

43 Digetaria segetaria Poaceae 44 Ischaemum rugosum Poaceae 45 Panicum milliria Poaceae 46 Panicum notatum Poaceae 47 Saccharum munja Poaceae

48 Saccharum officinarum Poaceae 49 Themeda quadrivalvis Poaceae 50 Tragus biflorus Poaceae 51 Tinospora cordifolia Rhamnaceae 52 Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae 53 Rosa indica Rosaceae

54 Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae 55 Canthium didymum Rubiaceae 56 Cestrum nocturnum Rubiaceae 57 Combretum ovalifolium Rubiaceae 58 Cordia dichotoma Rubiaceae

59 Cordia myxa Rubiaceae 60 Cordia rothri Rubiaceae 61 Gardenia latifolia Rubiaceae 62 Gardenia lucida Rubiaceae 63 Gmelina arborea Rubiaceae

64 Helictris isora Rubiaceae 65 Helitropium ovalifolium Rubiaceae 66 Ixora parviflora Rubiaceae 67 Mitragyna parviflora Rubiaceae 68 Randia dumatorum Rubiaceae 69 Atalantia monophylla Rutaceae

70 Citrus media Rutaceae 71 Murraya koenigii Rutaceae 72 Casearia graveolens Samydiaceae 73 Sapindus emerginatus Sapindaceae 74 Scherebera sweitenoides Sapindaceae

75 Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae 76 Achras sapota Sapotaceae 77 Madhuca latifolia Sapotaceae 78 Lygodium flexosum Schiaceae 79 Linderbergia indica Scrophulariaceae

80 Ailanthes excels Simaroubaceae





81 Datura alba Solanaceae

82 Datura metal Solanaceae 83 Lycopersicum esculentus Solanaceae 84 Physalis minima Solanaceae 85 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 86 Solanum xanthocarpum Solanaceae

87 Sterculia villosa Tiliaceae 88 Triumferta pilosa Tiliaceae 89 Lantana camara Verbinacaee 90 Tectona grandis Verbinaceae 91 Vitex negundo Verbinaceae 92 Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae

93 Vitis vermifera Vitaceae 94 Fagonia cretica Zygophyllaceae 95 Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae

3.9.6.1 Fauna of the Buffer Zone

The details of animals recorded are presented in Table-3.9.6

TABLE-3.9.6

LIST OF FAUNA IN THE BUFFER AREA

Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name Schedule as per

WPA (1972)

Aves

1 Phlacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Sch-IV

2 Ardea purpurea Eastern purple Heron Sch-IV

3 Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron Sch-IV

4 Ardeola grayii Paddy bird Sch-IV

5 Dupetor flavicollis Black Bittern Sch-IV

6 Ardea alba Large Egret Sch-IV

7 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Sch-IV

8 Milvus migrans Common pariah kite Sch-IV

9 Haliastur Indus Brahminy Kite Sch-IV

10 Vanellus indicus Redwattled Lapwing Sch-IV

11 Tringa hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Sch-IV

12 Gelochelidon nilotica Gullbilled Tern Sch-IV

13 Eudynamys scolopacea Indian Koel Sch-IV

14 Halcyon smyrnensis Indian white breasted Kingfisher Sch-IV

15 Meops philippinus Bluetailed bee-eater Sch-IV

16 Coracias bengalensis Southern Indian Roller Sch-IV

17 Dinopium bengalensis Malabar golden backed Woodpecker Sch-IV

18 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Sch-IV

19 Corvus splendens house Crow Sch-V

20 Nectarinia minima Small Sunbird Sch-IV

21 Nectarenia. zeylonica Indian purple rumped Sunbird Sch-IV

22 Arachnothera longirostris Little spinder Hunter Sch-IV

23 Passer domesticus Indian house Sparrow Sch-IV

24 Copsychus saularis Southern Magpie-robin Sch-IV

25 Orthotomus sutorius Tailor bird Sch-IV

26 Charadrius placidus Littile ringed plover Sch-IV

27 Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant taid jacana Sch-IV

28 Cypsiurus balasinensis Asian palm swift Sch-IV

29 Artamus fuscus Ashy wood swallow Sch-IV

30 Lanius cristatus Brown shrike Sch-IV

31 Ardeola grayii Indian pond heron Sch-IV

32 Coracias bengalensis Southern Indian roller Sch-IV




Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name Schedule as per WPA (1972)

33 Pycnonotus cafer Redvented bulbul Sch-IV

34 Caprimulgus asiatisus Indian night jar Sch-IV

Amphibians

35 Rana tigriana Common frog Sch-IV

36 Bufo melanosticus Toad Sch-IV

Reptiles

37 Calotes versicolor Common garden Lizard Sch-IV

38 Chamaleon zeylanicus Indian Chameleon Part-II of Sch-II

39 Bangarus sp. Krait Sch-II

40 Najanaja Indian Cobra Sch-IV

41 Vipera sp. Russels viper Part-II of Sch-II

Butterflies

42 Pachliopta hector Crimson rose Sch-IV

43 Papilio demoleus. Lime butterfly Sch-IV

44 Graphium agamemnon Tailed jay Sch-IV

45 Junoria almana Peacock pansy Sch-IV

46 Hypolimnas bolina Great eggfly Sch-IV

47 Euploea core Common crow Sch-IV

48 Neptis hylas Common sailor Sch-IV

49 Eurema hecabe Common grass yellow Sch-IV

50 Catopsilia sp. Emigrant Sch-IV

51 Leptosia nina Psyche Sch-IV

52 Parantica aglea Glassy tiger Sch-IV

Mammals

53 Rattus ratus Rat Sch-V

54 Lepus nigricollis Hare Sch-IV

55 Canis aureus Jackal Part-II of Sch-II

56 Presbytis entellus Langur Part-I of Sch-II

57 Funambulus palmarum Squirrel Sch-V

58 Sus scrofa Wild pig Sch-III

59 Rattus norvegicus Field mouse Sch-V

60 Rhinolopus sp. Bat Sch-V

61 Hipposiderus sp. Bat Sch-V

62 Herpestes edwardii Common mongoose Sch-IV

63 Bandicota indica Bandicoot Sch-V

64 Bandicota bengalensis Bandicoot Sch-V

65 Vulpus bengalensis Wild fox Part-II of Sch-II

The buffer zone and core zone do not harbor any schedule I Species or faunal species of conservation importance or migratory routes of fauna. The commonly observed species include Canis aureus, Lepus nigricollis, Presbytis entellus, Herpestes edwardii, Chameleon zylonicum. The commonly observed birds are Red vented bulbul, Indian myna, Indian roller, Indian pond heron, white throated king fisher.

3.9.7 Aquatic Biodiversity

Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton forms the basis of food chain in any aquatic water body. The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton mainly depends on the region, type of water body, either lentic or lotic, the nutrient flux in the system and the sunlight available for photosynthesis. These factors together form the dynamics of phytoplankton productivity over the seasons. The phytoplankton of given water body determines the zooplankton populations and the fish productivity of the ecosystem.




Phytoplankton group reported from the sampled locations are Basillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Myxophyceae and Euglenophyceae members. About 22 species of phytoplankton were reported from all the locations. Dominance of Bacillariophyceae members followed by Myxophyceae were observed in studied samples. The highest percentage was Cymbella sp. and spirulina sp. and the lowest percentage was Synedra sp. During study period were observed.

Zooplankton

The zooplankton of the aquatic water body are the primary consumers and also in cases secondary produces which play an important role for the fisheries of that system. The diversity and abundance of zooplankton also depends on whether the water body is eutrophic or oligotrophic. They also are good representation of the ecosystem health. The amount and type of pollutants in the water body determine the type of zooplankton species. Species of copepod will usually dominate in the tropical region while more eutrophicated waters with high nutrient or organic loads will harbor high number of crustaceans and arthropods. The less polluted waters will have more of cladocerans and rotifers.

Among the zooplankton group, Brachionous sp.(Rotifera)had highest percentage composition and the lowest percentage composition was of Asplancha sp. In the total zooplankton Cypris sp and Cyclops sp also occurred in the sampled water bodies.

On the basis of type of species their proportional dominance and the overall diversity of both phyto- and zooplankton it can be concluded that water bodies are oligotrophic to slightly mesotrophic in nature due inflow and runoff from surrounding areas. The aquatic sampling locations list of plankton recorded in fresh water bodies in the study are presented in Table-3.9.7.

TABLE-3.9.7

LIST OF PLANKTON RECORDED FROM THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Phytoplankton Zooplankton

1 Spirogyra sp. Keratella.sp.

2 Actinastrum sp. Diaptomus.sp. 3 Coelatrums p. Daphnia.sp. 4 Synedra ulna sp. Ceriodaphnia.sp.

5 Zygnema sp. Brachionus.sp. 6 Gomphonem sp.a Amoeba sp 7 Naviculagracilis sp. Diaphanosoma.sp.

8 Pinnularia sp. Macrothrix.sp. 9 Nitzshia sp. Asplancha.sp. 10 Cymbellapucilla sp. Cypris.sp.

11 Cymbellacymbiforms spi Cyclops.sp. 12 Cymblellarombhoides.sp Moina.sp. 13 Achnanthes sp. Diaptomus.sp.

14 Eulothrix sp. Paramecium.sp. 15 Cyclotella sp. Euglena.sp. 16 Oscillatoria sp.

17 Spirulina sp.

18 Chroococcus sp.

19 Microcystis aerusinosa sp.

20 Nostoc sp.

21 Rivularia sp.

22 Anabaena sp.




3.9.8 Fishes

Principal catches from the Damodar River are given in Table-3.9.8

TABLE-3.9.8

LIST OF FISHES

Sr. No Common name Scientific name

1 Rohu Labeo rohita

2 Mrigala Cirrhins mrigala

3 Katla Catla catla

4 Bangnabata Labeo bata

5 Maurala Anabus.mola

6 Boal Wallagu.attu

7 Khaira Gudusia.chapra

3.9.9 Conclusions

The primary site survey and the data from the secondary sources suggest no presence of any Schedule-I species or species of conservation importance the study area has no Biosphere reserves, National parks or Wildlife Sanctuary and there are no migratory corridors of any species. Only one protected forest is present in the study area and the remaining area is covered with open mixed jungle and road side plantations. List of flora and fauna in the study area is submitted to DFO office, Durgapur for authentication given in Annexure-XI.

3.10 Demography and Socio-Economics

The demographic and socio- economic conditions prevailing in the 10 km radius of the proposed project area Faridpur -Durgapur C.D block, Ondal C.D block, in Barddhaman District, Mejhia C.D block, Gangajalghati C.D block, Barjora C.D block in Bankura District of West Bangal” is analyzed. The socio-economic data forms the basis for developing a suitable enterprise social responsibility plan to address the needs of the population.

The project proponent is committed to take up the socio-economic development initiatives not only to minimize the negative impact on the population and also improve the socio-economic status of population living in 10 km radius of the plant as its sustained effort as part of corporate social responsibility.

3.10.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes review of published secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks-2011 and Primary Census Abstract of Census-2011) with respect to population, social stratification, literacy rate and occupational structure for 10 km radius study area.

3.10.2 Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile-2011

The village wise demographic data of 13 census towns and 58 villages falling within 10 km radius of the project site as per the 2011 census is given in Annexure-XII. The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic conditions are analyzed and described in the following sections.




3.10.3 Demography

As per the 2001 census the total population of the study area is 713158. The population reported as per the 2011 census is 805102. Overall around 12.8% decennial growth is reported in the study areas. West Bengal decennial growth rate of population is 13.8%.

The growth rate of population in the study area comparatively reported less than the growth rate of state. � Distribution of Population As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 805102 persons inhabited in study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in Table-3.10.1.

TABLE-3.10.1

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

No. of Households 130944 13222 37488 181654 Male Population 294255 32529 92274 419058 Female Population 272262 30116 83666 386044

Total Population 566517 62645 175940 805102 Male Population (0-6 years) 28878 3690 10317 42885 Female Population (0-6 years) 27028 3460 9399 39887 Total Population (0-6 years) 55906 7150 19716 82772 % of 0-6 years population 9.87 11.41 11.21 10.28

Average Household Size 4.33 4.74 4.69 4.43 % of males to the total population 51.94 51.93 52.45 52.05 % of females to the total population 48.06 48.07 47.55 47.95 Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 925 926 907 921 Density 21996 483 999 2428


� Average Household Size The study area has a household size of 4.43 as per 2011 census, which has decreased from 4.64 in 2001. This is mainly due to population control measures, health awareness programs.

Population Density

The density of population reveals that the study area has an overall density of 2428 persons per km2 (PP km2) as per 2011 census reports. West Bengal density of population is 1028.

The growth rate of population density in the study area comparatively reported more than the growth rate of population density of state. 13 census towns are falling in the study area. The proportion of urban and rural population is, urban population 707945 (88%) rural population 97157 (12%)




� Sex Ratio

The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 52.05% and females to 47.95% of the total population as per 2011 census records. The study area on an average has 921 females per 1000 males as per 2011 census reports, which is low in comparison to the national and state sex ratio (India 943, West Bengal 950).

The sex ratio in the study area indirectly reveals certain sociological and cultural aspects in relation with female births. The trend is very unique to the study area and reveals that the female infanticide is less due to the cultural aspects.

3.10.4 Social Structure

In the study area, as per 2011 census, 18.87% of the population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 2.66% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). Overall the data of social stratification reveals that the SC and ST % to population is more than 21%, The SC and ST community are marginalized and they are at considered at low level of social strata and calls for a special attention in Social Impact Management Plan for improving their socio-economic status apart from preservation and protection of their art, culture and traditional rights of livelihood.

The distribution of population by social structure is shown in Table-3.10.2.

TABLE-3.10.2

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE


Schedule caste 83804 16036 52119 151959

% To the total population 14.79 25.60 29.62 18.87 Schedule Tribes 12224 1538 7675 21437 % To the total population 2.16 2.46 4.36 2.66 Total SC and ST population 96028 17574 59794 173396 % To total population 16.95 28.05 33.99 21.54 Total population 566517 62645 175940 805102


3.10.5 Literacy Levels The data of study area reveals that literacy rate of 74.35% as per 2011 census, which is found to be lower than the state rate of literacy (West Bengal 76.3%). The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table-3.10.3.

TABLE-3.10.3

DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES


Male Population 294255 32529 92274 419058 Female Population 272262 30116 83666 386044 Total Population 566517 62645 175940 805102 Male Population (0-6 years) 28878 3690 10317 42885

Female Population (0-6 years) 27028 3460 9399 39887 Total Population (0-6 years) 55906 7150 19716 82772 Male literates 240985 24660 68164 333809 Female literates 198240 18250 48294 264784 Total literates 439225 42910 116458 598593





Male literacy rate (%) 54.87 57.47 58.53 55.77

Female literacy rate (%) 45.13 42.53 41.47 44.23 Average Male Literacy to the total population (%) 42.54 39.36 38.74 41.46 Average female Literacy to the total population (%) 34.99 29.13 27.45 32.89 Total Literacy rate (%) 77.53 68.50 66.19 74.35


The percentage of male literates to the total literates of the study area works out to be 55.77%. The percentage of female literates to the total literates, which is an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 44.23% in the study area as per 2011 census records.

3.10.6 Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of residents of work participation rate in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services. The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories. As per 2011 census records altogether West Bengal total work participation is 38.1% of the total population, whereas the work participation in the project study areas is 34.53% and the main workers is 74.57% to the total workers. West Bengal state main workers participation rate to the total workers is 73.9 % (2011 census). In the project area the marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 8.78% and 65.47% of the total population respectively. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant population. The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table-3.10.4.

TABLE-3.10.4

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE


Total Population 566517 62645 175940 805102 Total workers 199013 20518 58482 278013 Work participation rate (%) 35.13 32.75 33.24 34.53

Total main workers 152499 13788 41040 207327 % of main workers to total workers 76.63 67.20 70.18 74.57 Marginal workers 46514 6730 17442 70686 % of marginal workers to total workers 23.37 32.80 29.82 25.43 Non-workers 367504 42127 117458 527089

% of non-workers to total population 64.87 67.25 66.76 65.47 Source: District Census Hand Book-2011



Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures


4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

The chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts due to the

proposed power plant during construction and operational phases. The

environmental impacts are categorized as primary or secondary. Primary impacts

are those, which are attributed directly to the project and secondary impacts are

those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated

investment and changed pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed

action.

The mitigation measures proposed for minimizing the impacts have also been

discussed in this chapter. Environment Management Plan (EMP) is developed to

minimize adverse impacts and to ensure that the environment in and around the

project site is well protected. The EMP has been prepared for both construction

and operation phases of the proposed facilities.

The impacts have been assessed for the power plant assuming that the pollution

due to the existing activities has already been covered under baseline

environmental monitoring and continue to remain same till the operation of the

project.

The construction and operational phase of the proposed project comprises various

activities each of which may have an impact on some or other environmental

parameters. Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the

environment have been studied to estimate the impacts on the environmental

attributes and are discussed in the subsequent sections.

4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase

This includes the following activities related to land acquisition, leveling of site,

construction of related structures and installation of related equipment.

4.2.1 Impact on Land Use

NTPC-SAIL requires 35.5 acres of land for construction of power plant. The

proposed project site is located within the NTPC-SAIL premises. There will not be

any need for additional land requirement. The land is already under industrial

land use category.

The development in the study area will definitely bring changes in the land use

pattern due to the proposed plant. Shift in occupation or sectoral changes would

require more land for non-primary activities. However, the land identified for the

construction is under industrial use. Hence, the impact on land usages is

insignificant.

Also the development of greenbelt in 33% of plant area will help in attracting

minor fauna and birds. This will have a positive impact on the land use pattern.





4.2.2 Impact on Climate

• Temperature

The average, monthly minimum and maximum temperatures have been

monitored at the proposed plant site and also analyzed based on the data from

nearest IMD station at Bankura. The trend of temperature shows a regular cyclic

pattern. The temperature pattern indicates a regional behavior and construction

of the power plant will not have any major bearing on the temperature patterns.

• Rainfall

The average annual rainfall in the region is 1191.1 mm as per IMD data of

Bankura. Any changes in the pattern of rainfall will be on regional scale because

of cumulative reasons. The operation of plant is not expected to have any

adverse effect on the rainfall pattern of the area.

• Wind Speed

The wind speeds of any area depend on the existence of elevations and

depressions in the region. The proposed plant operation will have minor change in

topography and creation of structures in project area and its immediate vicinity.

Due to change in the topography of the project area minor variations are

envisaged at local level.

• Humidity

The relative humidity in the area is not likely to change because of the

construction operations, as it will not cause any changes in the prevailing

temperatures and rainfall of the region.

• Impact on Drainage

There are no seasonal nallah or streams that pass through the proposed project

site. Hence, construction activity of the plant will not have any impact on local

drainage pattern or drainage system.

4.2.3 Impact on Soil

The construction activities will result in loss of vegetation cover, topsoil and earthen

material to some extent in the plant area. However, it is proposed to use the soil

and earthen material for greenbelt development and levelling of project site.

Greenbelt will be developed in phased manner from inception of construction

activity. Apart from localized construction impacts at the plant site, no adverse

impacts on soil in the surrounding area are anticipated.

4.2.4 Impact on Air Quality

The main sources of emission during the construction period are the movement of

equipment at site and dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthwork,

foundation works and exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed





during the construction phase. These emissions are likely to result in marginal

increase in the levels of SO2, NOx, PM and CO. The impact will be for short duration

and confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside

the plant boundaries. The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal and

temporary in nature. Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment

will help in controlling the gaseous emissions. Water sprinkling on roads and

construction site will prevent fugitive dust.

4.2.5 Impact on Water Quality

Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to non-point

discharges of solids from soil loss and sewage generated from the construction

workforce stationed at the site. However, due to the construction being carried out

on generally plain terrain, the soil losses will be negligible. Further, the construction

will be more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection; hence the

water requirements would be small. The construction water will be available at site

from near by area. Temporary sanitation facilities (septic tanks and soak pits) will

be set-up for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the workforce.

The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed

project is likely to be short term and insignificant.

4.2.6 Impact on Noise Levels

Heavy construction traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling of

equipment and materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels.

The areas affected are those close to the site. However, the noise will be temporary

and will be restricted mostly to daytime.

The noise control measures during construction phase include provision of caps on

the equipment and regular maintenance of the equipment.

4.2.7 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology

The land identified for the proposed power plant is already under industrial

category and cutting of trees are not required. Therefore, no major loss of

biomass is envisaged during construction phase. Although the land required for

the proposed plant would be put to industrial use, there may not be any

significant impact on soil and agriculture in general. These impacts are, however,

restricted to the early phase of construction.

The removal of herbaceous vegetation from the soil and loosening of the topsoil

generally causes soil erosion during dry season. However, such impacts would be

primarily confined to the project site during initial periods of the construction

phase and would be minimized through adoption of mitigatory measures like

paving and surface treatment, water sprinkling and appropriate plantation

program. The project site and township area will be extensively landscaped with

the development of green belt consisting of a variety of taxa, which would enrich

the ecology of the area and add to the aesthetics.





Hence, in view of the above measures, the impact on terrestrial ecology would be

bare minimum and insignificant.

4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase

The power plant operations in general cause environmental degradation and if

adequate control measures are not taken to prevent/mitigate the adverse

environmental impacts, these operations may cause irreversible damage to the

ecosystem. The environmental parameters which are most commonly affected by

proposed plant activities are:

• Topography and climate;

• Air environment;

• Water resources and quality;

• Land use;

• Soil quality;

• Solid waste;

• Noise levels;

• Terrestrial and aquatic ecology;

• Demography and socio-economics; and

• Infrastructural facilities.

4.3.1 Topography and Climate

The proposed plant site will be located on a flat area. Minimum leveling is

required to be carried out during the construction of the plant. This will not cause

any significant topographical changes in the area.

Similarly, micro or macro climatic changes including thermal imbalances are not

envisaged since the maximum flue gas temperature will be about 140°C. It can

be concluded that the project as a whole is not likely to have any adverse impacts

on the topography and climate during its operation.

4.3.2 Impact on Air Quality – Point Emission Sources

Being a coal based power project, particulate matter (PM), sulphur dioxide (SO2)

and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) will be the important air pollutants from the

proposed project.

� Details of Mathematical Modeling

For prediction of maximum ground level concentrations (GLC’s), the air dispersion

modeling software (AERMOD version 7.1.0) was used. AERMOD is steady state

advanced gaussian plume model that simulates air quality and deposition fields

up to 50 km radius. AERMOD is approved by USEPA and is widely used software.

It is an advanced version of industrial source complex (ISCST3) model, utilizes

similar input and output structure to ISCST3 sharing many of the same features,

as well as offering additional features. The model is applicable to rural and urban

areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated releases and multiple

sources including point, area, flare, line and volume sources.





Dispersion modeling using AERMOD requires hourly meteorological data. Site

specific data recorded during pre-monsoon 2014 at project site is used for

executing modeling studies. The site specific meteorological data is processed

using AERMET processor.

� Model Set-up

The model set-up details are presented in Table-4.1 below:

TABLE-4.1

MODEL SET-UP

Sr. No. Parameter Details

1 Model name AERMOD (Version 7.1.0)

2 Model type Steady state gaussian plume air dispersion model

3 Topography Rural, flat

4 Averaging time 24 hours

5 Source type Point source

6 Boundary limits 10 km X 10 km

7 Co-ordinate system Uniform polar grid

8 Receptor height 0

9 Anemometer 10 m

10 Surface meteorological data Site specific data processed by AERMET

11 Upper air data Upper air estimator using AERMET processor

4.3.2.1 Model Input Data

The air pollution modelling has been carried out representing the worst case

scenario. The stack details considered for model computations are summarized in

Table-4.2.

TABLE-4.2(A)

PROPOSED STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES

Sr. No

Stack Attached

Stack Height (m)

Stack Diameter

(m)

Flow Rate (Nm3/sec)

Exit Velocity (m/s)

Temp (oK)

Emission Rate (g/sec)

PM SO2 NOx

1 Boiler (1x20) 75 2.2 41.12 15 413 2.06 55.96 7.20

2 Boiler (1x20) 75 2.2 41.12 15 413 2.06 55.96 7.20

TABLE-4.2(B)

CUMULATIVE STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES

Sr. No

Stack Attached

Stack Height (m)

Stack Diameter

(m)

Flow Rate (Nm3/sec)

Exit Velocity (m/s)

Temp (oK)


PM SO2 NOx

1 Boiler (Unit-I) 122.5 4.3 75.35 16.99 414 3.92 50.71 32.48

2 Boiler (Unit-II) 122.5 4.3 71.31 17.29 439 9.38 49.70 32.73

3 BF-2 stove 60.96 2.4 14.26 3.8 381.3 0.55 0.49 0.47

4 BF-3 stove 60.96 2.4 14.27 3.9 381.3 0.56 0.35 0.43

5 BF-4 stove 68.96 2.4 13.63 3.7 382.3 0.53 0.31 0.44

6 Battery No.1 85.34 3.8 28.86 5.1 558.7 1.36 12.68 3.29

7 Battery No.3 85.34 3.5 32.95 5.9 498.7 1.34 15.90 3.59

8 Battery No.4 85.34 3.5 26.49 5.2 542.3 1.12 12.04 2.86

9 Battery No.6 110 4 29.47 7.3 448.3 1.43 12.73 1.07

10 SP-1 sinter M/C-1&2

60 2.5 146.61 15.2 340.7 9.25 3.58 2.32

11 SP-1 sinter M/C (T1 T2)

120 3.5 35.76 4.4 329.7 3.44 0.83 0.71

12 SP-2 Space 60 5.8 268.29 10.5 318 25.68 5.69 5.20





Sr. No

Stack Attached

Stack Height (m)

Stack Diameter

(m)

Flow Rate (Nm3/sec)

Exit Velocity (m/s)

Temp (oK)


PM SO2 NOx

dedusting (B1 B2)

13 Lime kiln-1 53 1 6.94 11.3 404 0.99 0.58 0.40

14 Lime kiln-3 53 1 7.35 13.3 423 1.08 0.59 0.43

15 Old Power Plant (OPP) Boiler-1

45.72 1.8 14.35 9.6 507.3 3.66 9.89 6.10

16 Opp Boiler-3 45.72 1.8 12.84 8.4 495.5 1.28 7.50 1.90

17 Opp Boiler-5 45.72 2.3 19.58 7.7 493 4.38 8.69 5.21

18 Opp Boiler-7 45.72 2.1 15.1 7.5 505.3 1.40 7.70 1.90

The predicted incremental Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) for PM, SO2 and

NOx are presented in Table-4.3.

TABLE-4.3 (A)

PROPOSED SHORT TERM MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS

Parameters Incremental

Concentration (µg/m3)

Distance

(km)

Direction

PM 0.35 1 km N

SO2 9.68 1 km N

NOx 1.24 1 km N

• Comments on Proposed Concentrations

A perusal of Table-4.3(A) reveals that the maximum incremental short term 24

hourly ground level concentrations for PM, SO2 and NOx likely to be encountered

during pre-monsoon season are 0.35 µg/m3, 9.68 µg/m3, 1.24 µg/m3 respectively.

TABLE-4.3 (B)

CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS

Parameters Incremental

Concentration (µg/m3)

Distance (km)

Direction

PM 17.11 2.2 N

SO2 30.51 2.2 N

NOx 17.33 2.2 N

• Comments on Cumulative Concentrations

A perusal of Table-4.3(B) reveals that the maximum incremental short term 24

hourly ground level concentrations for PM, SO2 and NOx likely to be encountered

during pre-monsoon season are 17.11 µg/m3, 30.51 µg/m3, 17.33 µg/m3

respectively.

• Resultant Concentrations after Implementation of the Project

The maximum incremental GLCs due to the proposed captive power plant for PM,

SO2 and NOX are superimposed on the maximum baseline PM, SO2 and NOx

concentrations recorded during the study period in the downwind direction to arrive

at the likely resultant concentrations during the same period after implementation of





the proposed captive power plant. The cumulative concentrations (baseline +

incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated below in Table-4.4.

The isopleths for pollutants PM, SO2 and NOx are presented in Figure-4.1 to

Figure-4.6.

TABLE-4.4 (A)

PROPOSED RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO INCREMENTAL GLC's

Pollutant Baseline

(µµµµg/m3)

Incremental (µg/m3)

Resultant

(µµµµg/m3)

Limits

(Industrial/

Residential)

(µµµµg/m3)

PM (PM10) 80.4 0.35 80.75 100

SO2 26.3 9.68 35.98 80

NOx 36.1 1.24 37.34 80

TABLE-4.4 (B)

CUMULATIVE RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO INCREMENTAL GLC's

Pollutant Baseline

(µµµµg/m3)

Incremental (µg/m3)

Resultant

(µµµµg/m3)

Limits

(Industrial/

Residential)

(µµµµg/m3)

PM (PM10) 80.4 17.11 97.51 100

SO2 26.3 30.51 56.81 80

NOx 36.1 17.33 53.43 80

4.3.3 Impact on Air Quality - Fugitive Emissions

The fugitive dust emissions expected are from coal storage yards, coal conveyor

belt area, ash dumping areas, transportation of fuel and solid waste.

In the proposed project, as the coal handling plant will be properly operated with

EMP suggested in this report, no major fugitive dust emissions are envisaged.

Similarly, HCSD system of ash stacking will be practiced for fly ash and wet

disposal system will be practised for disposal of bottom ash and hence, no dust

emissions are envisaged from ash dump areas. The fuel will be received through

rail line and the solid waste will be sent to dyke areas through pipeline. Hence, no

dust emissions from transportation are envisaged. However, internal roads are to

be asphalted to further reduce fugitive dust emissions.

The dust emissions, if any, from the above areas will be fugitive in nature and

maximum during summer season (when the wind velocities are likely to be high)

and almost nil during the monsoon season. The dust emissions are likely to be

confined to the place of generation only. The quantification of these fugitive

emissions from the area sources is difficult as it depends on lot of factors such as

dust particle size, specific gravity of dust particles, wind velocity, moisture content

of the material and ambient temperatures etc. Also, there is a high level of

variability in these factors. Hence, these are not amenable for mathematical

dispersion modelling. However, by proper usage of dust suppression measures,

dust generation and dispersions will be reduced.





FIGURE-4.1

SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs OF PM (2x20)





FIGURE-4.2

SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of SO2 (2x20)





FIGURE-4.3

SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of NOx (2x20)





FIGURE-4.4

CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of PM

AERMOD View - Lakes Environmental Software C:\Users\bhavani.bhimavarapu\Desktop\Balaji\Durgapur\Durgapur\SO2\NOx\PM\PM.isc

SCALE:

0 5 km

1:140,980

PROJECT TITLE:

Durgapur Captive Power Project Project-III (2x20 MW)

COMMENTS:

Cumulative Model - PM

COMPANY NAME:

Vimta Labs Limited

MODELER:

M.Janardhan Bh.Durga Bhavani

DATE:

10/28/2014

PROJECT NO.:

1

SOURCES:

20

RECEPTORS:

441

OUTPUT TYPE:

Concentration

MAX:

17.1196 ug/m^3

ug/m^3PLOT FILE OF HIGH 1ST HIGH 24-HR VALUES FOR SOURCE GROUP: ALL

0.068 1.963 3.858 5.752 7.647 9.541 11.436 13.330 15.225 17.120

1.96

1.96

1.96

1.96

3.86

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000X-Direction [m]

-100

00-8

000

-600

0-4

000

-200

00

2000

4000

6000

8000

1000

0

Y-D

irect

ion

[m]





AERMOD View - Lakes Environmental Software C:\Users\bhavani.bhimavarapu\Desktop\Balaji\Durgapur\Durgapur\SO2\SO2.isc

SCALE:

0 5 km

1:140,980

PROJECT TITLE:

Durgapur 2x20 MW Power Plant

COMMENTS:

SO2

COMPANY NAME:

Vimta Labs Limited

MODELER:


DATE:

10/28/2014

PROJECT NO.:

1

SOURCES:

20

RECEPTORS:

441

OUTPUT TYPE:

Concentration

MAX:

30.51587 ug/m^3


0.127 3.504 6.880 10.257 13.633 17.010 20.386 23.763 27.139 30.516

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

6.88

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

X-Direction [m]

-100

00-8

000

-600

0-4

000

-200

00

2000

4000

6000

8000

1000

0

Y-D

irect

ion

[m]

FIGURE-4.5

CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of SO2





AERMOD View - Lakes Environmental Software C:\Users\bhavani.bhimavarapu\Desktop\Balaji\Durgapur\Durgapur\SO2\NOx\NOx.isc

SCALE:

0 5 km

1:140,980

PROJECT TITLE:

Durgapur 2x20 MW power plant

COMMENTS:

Cumulative - NOX

COMPANY NAME:

Vimta Labs Limited

MODELER:


DATE:

10/28/2014

PROJECT NO.:

1

SOURCES:

20

RECEPTORS:

441

OUTPUT TYPE:

Concentration

MAX:

17.33928 ug/m^3


0.048 1.969 3.890 5.812 7.733 9.654 11.576 13.497 15.418 17.339

1.97

1.97

1.97

1.97

1.97

3.89

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

X-Direction [m]

-100

00-8

000

-600

0-4

000

-200

00

2000

4000

6000

8000

1000

0Y

-Dire

ctio

n [m

]

FIGURE-4.6

CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of NOx





4.3.4 Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality

Water is required for various power plant operations and the water balance has

been explained in Chapter-2 under Section-2.5.3.

No groundwater source will be tapped for meeting the water requirements during

operation of the power plant. The water requirement of the project will be drawn

from the Waria reservoir of DSP.

4.3.4.1 Impact on Water Resources

The required water for regular operations of the plant will be about 300 m3/hr. As

the required water is available even during lean season, no impact on surface

water resources is envisaged.

As no groundwater source is proposed to be tapped for meeting the water

requirements during operation of the power plant, no impacts on groundwater

resources are envisaged.

4.3.4.2 Impact on Water Quality

The water balance and wastewater generation details have been described in

Chapter-2.

Garland drains around the ash pond site will be provided for the collection of run-

off water during monsoon season.

The storm water in the project area will be collected through storm water drains

and collected in the storm water tank, which is lined to prevent any

contamination of ground water. The stored storm water will be utilized for

secondary purposes in the plant operation resulting in conservation of fresh

water. Suitable rain harvesting pits will be provided along the storm water drain

to recharge the ground water table.

Various types of wastewater to be generated in the proposed project with their

quantity, expected pollutants and treatment proposed are given in Chapter-2 and

Table-2.7.

The expected quality of raw and treated wastewater from the power plant

including sewage water and discharge limits as specified by environment

protection rules is given in Table-4.5.

TABLE-4.5

EXPECTED QUALITY OF WASTEWATER

Sr. No.

Parameter Unit Raw wastewater

Treated Wastewater

Permissible Limits as per GSR 422 (E) for On-land Discharge

(Irrigation)

1 pH - 5.5 to 9.0 6.0 to 8.5 5.5 to 9.0

2 Suspended Solids mg/l 100 to 500 <100 200

3 Oil & Grease mg/l 10 to 200 <5 10

4 Total Dissolved Solids

mg/l 500 to 10000 <1000 --

5 BOD mg/l 250 to 350 <30 100

6 COD mg/l 450 to 600 <100 -





4.3.5 Impact on Land Use

The land identified for the proposed 2x20 MW power plant is about 35.5 acres.

About 19 acres of the land will be used for ash disposal. About 3.5 acres of the

plant area will be developed as greenbelt and green cover, which is 33% of the

total plant area. The greenbelt proposed will have a positive impact on land. There will be minimum

changes in land use during the operational phase of the project. Hence, no major

impacts are envisaged during operational phase of the project.

4.3.6 Impact on Soil

Most of the impacts of power plant project on soils are restricted to the construction

phase, which will get stabilized during operational phase. The impact on the topsoil

will be confined to the proposed main plant area only. Further, the greenbelt

proposed will have a very positive impact on soil quality.

The probable sources of degradation of soil quality will be due to generation &

disposal of ash and fugitive dust emissions. However, the impacts due to disposal of

ash are covered under Section-4.3.7.

The airborne fugitive dust from the plant is likely to be deposited on the topsoil in

the immediate vicinity of the plant boundary. However, the fugitive emissions are

likely to be controlled to a great extent through proposed control measures like

water sprinkling and development of greenbelt development. Hence, no major

impact is envisaged on soil quality of the project site.

4.3.7 Impact of Solid Waste

Ash is the major solid waste to be generated from the proposed coal based power

plant. Coal consumption of 0.3 MTPA was considered for estimation of ash

generation. Ash will be generated in both forms viz. bottom ash and fly ash.

About 80% of the total ash generation will be fly ash and remaining 20% comes

as bottom ash. The fly ash is the important air pollutant, which emits to outside

environment through stacks attached to boilers. ESP’s with >99.9% efficiency

shall be provided to prevent ash dispersions into ambient air. The details of the

solid waste generation are given in Table-4.6.

TABLE-4.6

EXPECTED SOLID WASTE FROM POWER PLANT

Sr. No. Plant Proposed Mode of Disposal

1 Ash 1,20,000 TPA Silo for dry form and wet disposal to ash dyke

2 Bottom ash 24,000 TPA

3 Fly ash 98,000 TPA

4 Used oil 2 KL Sold to authorised Recycler

5 Domestic solid waste/Municipal solid waste

500 kg/month Vermi Composting

It is proposed to collect fly ash from ESP hoppers in dry from and provide/supply

to potential ash users depending on the demand. The balance unutilized ash will

be disposed off using High Concentrated Slurry Disposal (HCSD) technology. An





area of about 102 acres has been identified for ash pond within the project

premises. In view of the proposed HCSD ash disposal technology, ash pond

supernatant run-off would not be expected and the impacts on surrounding

environment would be insignificant. However, it is also proposed to provide the

ash pond with an impervious HDPE layers.

The sludge from sewage treatment plant will be dried, vermi-composted and used

as manure for greenbelt maintenance canteen/sanitary waste will be composted

and used as manure for greenbelt development.

With the implementation of above precautionary measures, the impacts due to

solid waste disposal will be minimal.

•••• Impact of Ash Pond on Surface Water

For ash disposal, high concentration slurry disposal method will be adopted. The

bottom ash slurry and fly ash slurry will be led to common slurry sump of the

combined ash slurry disposal pump house. In view of the proposed HCSD ash

disposal technology, ash pond supernatant run off would not be expected. Hence,

the impact of the ash pond on the surface water will be insignificant.

•••• Impact of Ash Pond on Ground Water

The possibility of groundwater contamination due to the leaching of metals from

the ash pond will be examined based on soil investigation study. The dykes around

the pond will be constructed with proper compaction at maximum dry density. The

co-efficient of permeability will be much less than the natural deposits to further

reduce the drain ability. However, with the passage of time, more and more fly ash

particles will get deposited in the pore spaces of the top soil making it essentially

non-porous and impervious and in view of the above, contamination through

leaching is not envisaged. However, it is also proposed to provide the ash pond

with impervious bottom HDPE layers of about 10-9 cm/sec permeability, which is

very low and no water can be perculated.

In view of the above mitigative measures, no surface water or groundwater

pollution is anticipated from the ash disposal area. Similarly, as the other solid

wastes are also used properly, no impact of solid waste is envisaged.

4.3.8 Impacts on Ecology

Detailed flora and fauna studies were carried out during study period and the

details are presented in Section-3.9 of Chapter-3. About 127 plant species were

identified and these are commonly growing plant species of the region. As per

survey and also from field studies, there are no endangered, threatened and

protected plants. 67 animal species were recorded/ observed during study period.

It can be concluded that there are about 6 species which belong to Sch-II and 1

species belong to Sch-III, 52 species which belong to Sch-IV and 8 species which

belong to Sch-V of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

It is proposed to develop greenbelt with an average width of about 50 m to 100

m around plant site and implementation of eco development along with local





people will enhance the greenery of the area. Hence, no significant adverse

impact is envisaged on terrestrial ecology.

The impacts on aquatic ecology due to proposed project would be negligible as the

treated effluents from the proposed power project will meet the prescribed

standards prior to final discharge.

Similarly, as the discharge water will not have much higher temperature than the

receiving body, no thermal effects on receiving body due to discharge are

envisaged.

Hence, minimal impact is envisaged on the ecology of the area.

4.3.9 Impact on Noise Levels

The main noise generating stationary sources from the power plant will be

pumps, compressors along with cooling tower and boilers. The noise levels at the

source for these units will be in the range of 75-85 dB(A). The noise dispersion

from the plant units has been computed based on the mathematical model. The

major noise generating sources from the proposed plant are identified and listed

in Table-4.7. These are considered as input to the noise model.

TABLE-4.7

MAJOR NOISE GENERATING SOURCES

Sr. No. Sources Noise Level in dB(A)

[1-m away] Nature of Noise

1 Turbine unit 85 Continuous

2 Cooling tower 75 Continuous

3 Air compressors 85 Continuous

4 Transformer 75 Continuous

5 Boiler 85 Continuous

4.3.9.1 Presentation of Results

The incremental noise levels are computed at proposed project site at 100 m X

100 m grid intervals over an area of 10 km X 10 km study area. The predicted

results of incremental noise levels at each grid points are used to draw noise

contours. The predicted noise contours around proposed sources are shown in

Figure-4.7. The predicted noise levels at the plant boundaries are given below in

Table-4.8.

TABLE-4.8

PREDICTED NOISE LEVELS AT THE PLANT BOUNDARIES

Sr. No. Direction Incremental Noise Level in dB(A)

1 N 34

2 NE 30

3 E 34

4 SE 32

5 S 34

6 SW 32

7 W 34

8 NW 32





The predicted noise levels at the boundary due to various plant activities will be

ranging in between 30 to 34 dB(A). The incremental noise levels will be less than

40 dB(A) at all the surrounding habitations. It is seen from the simulation results

that the incremental noise levels will be well within the CPCB standards.

4.3.9.2 Impact on Work Zone

Boilers and cooling towers are the high noise generating equipments in the

proposed power plant. However, impacts on the working personnel are not

expected to be significant on account of the high level of automation of the plant,

which means that workers will be exposed for short duration only and that too

intermittently.

The noise generation during operational phase would be at source itself through

different measures such as inspection, operation and maintenance at regular

intervals. The noise control measures as described in EMP will be fully followed.

The occupational noise exposure to the workers in the form of 8-hourly time

weighted average will be maintained well within the prescribed OSHA standards

(<90 dB (A)). Hence, the impact on occupational health of workers would be

insignificant.

4.3.9.3 Impact on Community

As per the location of power plant, the minimum distance available between

proposed major noise sources and the outer periphery of the project site would

be more than 500 m. The cumulative incremental impact of all noise sources at

boundary will range between 30 and 34 dB (A). The effective increase of

incremental noise contours at the boundary would be only about 1.5 to 2.5 dB(A).

The nearest human habitations are located at about 0.7 km from the boundary

and the cumulative noise impacts would be insignificant.

4.3.10 Impacts on Socio-Economics

This section of the chapter deals with the demographic, social and economic

impact of the proposed power plant study area. The project is expected to have

following impending impacts any industrialization would create on demographic,

socio-economic and health conditions of the study area.

The anticipated impacts’ of this project on various socio-economic aspects is

described in the following sections:

Impact on Human Settlement

The proposed power plant is planned to be located on the North-West of NTPC-

SAIL existing power plant of 2x60 MW (CPP-II) inside the boundary of Durgapur

Steel Plant. The area inside Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) where main plant and its

auxiliaries are proposed to be set up has already been identified for NTPC-SAIL

Power Company Private Ltd by DSP. Existing captive power plant (CPP) with

power generation capacity of 120 MW (2X60 MW Turbo Alternator units along

with associated boilers and auxiliaries) was installed in the year 1984-85.





There is no habitation at the project site and there will not be any displacement of

the population for this project as there is no land proposed for acquisition

separately; hence the issue of Rehabilitation and Resettlement will not arise. The

human settlements are at considerable distance from the existing power plant

area and also the proposed new power plant.

Impact on Population Growth

The project is expected to provide some employment to the families in the nearby

villages. It is assumed that half of the employees will be from the study area

itself. The population of the nearby village of project will grow more than the

average growth rate.

Increase of Migration

12.8% growth of population is reported between 2001 to 2011 census, within 10

km radius of the project area, mainly due to migration of workers in to project

area. The West Bengal growth rate of rural population is 7.7%. The project area

population is growing on a rapid phase.

The trend is expected to continue as the proposed project also would provide

considerable direct and indirect employment to the families from the nearby

villages. About 50% employees from outside may take up jobs in the proposed

project and with migration of their families, an increase in the population is

anticipated.

Impact on Literacy and Educational Facilities

As per the 2011 census considerable impact of literacy within 3 km radius of

project area is observed. The rate of literacy in 3 km radius is improved from

74.01% in 2001 to 77.53% in 2011.

Similarly the literacy level of the project area is likely to increase further as there

will be influx of many educated people taking up jobs in this project, which is

likely to result in establishment of better educational facilities.

Apart from this better literacy rates were also possible due to assumed better

economic conditions of the people. This has impacted on improving the social

status and will improve the living conditions in the region.

There will be also a positive impact on education due to the establishment of

proposed project. The project proponent is already running various educational

institutions from primary to higher education as part of its CSR initiatives.

Impact on Civic Amenities

The study area has reasonably developed with improved network of roads,

educational institutions, post office, drinking water facility, communication,

entertainment and health care facilities. The construction of new roads in the

project area has enhanced the transportation facilities. With improved

transportation facilities there is always a scope for further development. Apart





from this the CSR activities undertaken by the project proponent had also

contributed to the overall development of the nearby villages. Overall a positive

impact on civic amenities and improved living conditions is expected.

Impact on Health Care Facilities

Due to the development of the villages with infrastructure facilities like, safe

drinking water, sanitation, health centers and education facilities, the positive

impact on the health condition of the population is noted and the same is

expected to continue.

But the urbanization due to industrialization may have impact on health status of

both migrants and local population. The incidence of public health like, HIV/AIDS,

TB and other respiratory related issues may increase.

Impact on Economic Aspects

The impact of proposed project on the economic aspects can be clearly observed.

The proposed plant is also expected to have positive impact on economy in terms

of employment opportunities, infrastructure facilities and enhancement of per

capita income in the nearby region. Workforce available locally will be preferred

for employment depending upon their qualification and requirement of the

project.

The project will definitely help in improvement of the socio-economic status of the

society in the region by generating direct or indirect employment opportunities.

The project will also induce the development of ancillary and related small-scale

industries in the adjoining areas. It is obvious to assume that the activities of the

proposed project operations will produce some improvements in the socio-

economic levels in the study area.

The project will also contribute additional revenue to the State and Central

exchequer in the form of direct and indirect taxes etc.

Apart from this project proponent is committed to plan for development of local

village schools to provide support for creating sports facilities, additional

classrooms, sanitation facilities, etc. Skill development of local people through

training and local women entrepreneurs will be supported by providing petty

contracts.

E.g. canteen, plantation and tea stall etc will be explored.

Impact on Other Sensitive Locations

There are no buildings of public interest and monuments notified by

archaeological department in and around the proposed power plant area. Thus,

there will not be any impact on the tourist/religious or historical important places

due to proposed power plant.





FIGURE-4.7

PREDICTED NOISE DISPERSION CONTOURS

-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000





4.3.11 Impacts on Public Health and Safety

The discharge of waste materials (stack emission, wastewater and solid wastes)

from process operations may have potential impact on public safety and health.

The wastewater generated from power plant will be treated before discharging

outside. It is proposed to reuse the wastewater to the maximum extent. Since,

the adverse impacts on ambient air and soil quality are predicted to be low it is

anticipated that with effective implementation of control measures suggested for

pollution control, the impact on public health will be minimum. 4.4 Environment Management Plan during Construction Phase

During construction phase, the construction activities like site levelling, grading,

transportation of the construction material cause various impacts on the

surroundings. However, the constructional phase impacts are temporary and

localised phenomena except the permanent change in local landscape and land use

pattern of the project site.

4.4.1 Land Environment Management

Preparation of site will involve excavations and fillings. The earthen material

generated during excavations and site grading periods, shall be properly dumped

and slope stabilisation shall be taken. The topsoil generated during construction

shall be preserved and reused for plantations.

No nallas of water courses are present in the project site. However, natural drainage

pattern shall not be disturbed as far as possible.

The approach road to project site shall be appropriately widened and strengthened

to facilitate vehicular movement.

The greenbelt area shall be delineated before start-up of earthwork and tree

plantation shall be taken up during construction stage itself.

4.4.2 Air Quality Management

The activities like site development, grading and vehicular traffic contribute to

increase in PM and NOx concentrations. The mitigation measures recommended to

minimize the impacts are:

• Water sprinkling in construction area;

• Asphalting the main approach road;

• Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment; and

• Tree plantation in the area earmarked for greenbelt development.

4.4.3 Water Quality Management

The soil erosion at site during heavy precipitation contributes to the increase in

suspended solids. The wastewater from vehicle and construction equipment

maintenance centre will contribute to oil and grease concentration. The wastewater

from labour colony will contribute to higher BOD concentrations. The mitigation

measures recommended to minimize the impacts are:





• Sedimentation tank to retain the solids from run-off water;

• Oil and grease trap at equipment maintenance centre;

• Packaged STP/Septic tanks to treat sanitary waste; and

• Utilizing the wastewater in greenbelt development.

4.4.4 Noise Level Management

Operation of construction equipment and vehicular traffic contribute to the increased

noise level. Recommended mitigation measures are:

• Good maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment;

• Restriction of construction activities to day time only;

• Plantation of trees around the plant boundary to attenuate the noise; and

• Provision of earplugs and earmuffs to workers.

4.4.5 Ecological Management

During construction, vegetation in the plant premises is required to be cleared. The

measures required to be undertaken to minimise the impact on the ecology are:

• The felling of trees will be kept at minimum; and

• The greenbelt having vegetation density of 2500 trees/ha will be developed.

4.4.6 Social community Management

Constructional activities will generate employment to about 150 workers. For

construction work force, temporary sanitation facilities (septic tanks and soak pits)

will be set-up for disposal of sanitary sewage. Similarly, rest rooms and canteen

facilities will be provided for truck drivers during construction as well as operation

phase of power plant.

4.5 Environment Management Plan during Operation Phase

During operation phase, the impacts on the various environmental attributes should

be mitigated using appropriate pollution control equipment. The Environment

Management Plan prepared for the proposed project aims at minimizing the

pollution at source.

4.5.1 Air Pollution Management

Fugitive and stack emissions from the power plant will contribute to increase in

concentrations of PM, SO2, and NOx pollutants. The mitigative measures

recommended in the plant are:

• Installation of ESP followed Fabric filter (Hybrid ESP) of efficiency more than

99.9% to limit the PM concentrations below 50 mg/Nm3;

• Provision of tall stack of 75 m height for wider dispersion of gaseous emissions;

• Provision of water sprinkling system at raw material storage yard;

• Asphalting of the roads within the plant area;

• Provision of dust extraction systems at dust generating source;

• Developing of greenbelt around the plant to arrest the fugitive emissions; and





• Online flue gas monitors as well as flue gas flow rates and temperature

measurement shall be provided for all stacks;

The fugitive dust emissions shall be controlled by installation of closed conveyor

system along with suitable dust suppression measures.

4.5.2 Water Pollution Management

Wastewater will be generated from cooling towers, boilers in the power plant.

Besides, domestic wastewater from canteen and employees wash area, township

will also be generated. The recommended measures to minimise the impacts and

conservation of fresh water are:

• Recycling of wastewater generated in cooling tower into process and ash

disposal, coal handling and service water requirements;

• The plant raw water requirement shall be optimised. The COC in cooling system

shall be maximised;

• The effluent carrying oil spillage in the plant area shall be sent to oil-water

separator for removal of oil;

• Coal stock piles and ash ponds shall be provided with garland drains and water

shall be treated for suspended / floating solids;

• Adequate treatment of wastewater prior to recycling/reuse to maximum extent;

• Provision of sewage treatment plant to treat domestic sewage generated from

plant;

• Utilization of treated domestic wastewater in toilet flushing, greenbelt

development and dust suppression;

• Lining of effluent pond suitably to prevent any seepage into ground to avoid any

groundwater contamination;

• Provision of separate storm water system to collect and store run-off water

during rainy season and utilization of the same in the process to reduce the

fresh water requirement;

• Final disposal shall be through open channel with natural cascade aeration

arrangement to improve DO in treated effluent;

• Treated effluents from all streams should be stored in CMB/Effluent Pond /Guard

Pond having 5 to 6 days detention time;

• The treated wastewater before disposal shall be checked for conformity of

Environment Protection rules; and

• Suitable rainwater harvesting structures to be constructed.

The wastewater from various units of the plant shall be appropriately treated and

disposed and details are presented in Table-4.9.

TABLE-4.9

DETAILS OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Type of Wastewater Treatment Proposed

Cooling tower blow down Sent to central monitoring basin,(CMB)

Boiler blow down Sent to CMB

DM plant regeneration waste Neutralization pit and sent to CMB

Service water Treated in ETP (flocculator, settling tank) and sent to CMB

Effluents from fuel storage areas, floor washings, runoff from Oil handling area

Passed through Oil water separator and sent to CMB





The flowcharts of Effluent Treatment Scheme and the proposed STP are given in

Figure-4.8 and Figure-4.9, respectively.

4.6 Rainwater Harvesting System

Rainwater harvesting structures shall be provided to recharge the groundwater

resources in the region. The run-off water from the roof of the structures and

paved areas shall be collected through storm water drainage system and led to

rain water harvesting structure. The typical rainwater harvesting structure is

shown in Figure-4.10.

4.6.1 Rainwater Harvesting Facilities

Groundwater Recharge with Rain Water Harvesting

There is generation of surface run-off from the plant facility during monsoon

season. The run-off will be of two types, i.e., run-off from the pervious area of

the facility site and run-off from the built-up area of the facility.

•••• Run-off from the Built-up Areas

The run-off from the paved surfaces of the proposed facility will be routed

through a carefully designed storm water drainage network and collected in storm

water collection sump and excess rainwater will be discharged to bore wells

constructed on these internal drains.

•••• Run-off from the Pervious Area

The run-off from the pervious area will be routed directly to the rainwater

harvesting structures constructed at suitable locations as per the contours. For

augmenting the ground water resources in the plant premises, number of

rainwater harvesting pits will be constructed and the internal drains where excess

rain water is flowing in drain will be diverted to these pits. These structures will

facilitate percolation of water into the ground thus augmenting the groundwater

sources. The roof top water will be routed to the storm drains. This will result in

increase in groundwater tables and to some extent in the improvement of ground

water quality. The size and the locations of rainwater harvesting pits will be

decided during detailed engineering of the project. Run off from the proposed

project site is calculated using rational formula:

Q = C x I X A

Q = Run-off in m3/hr

A = Catchment Area (ha)

C = Coefficient of Run-off

I = intensity of Rainfall in mm/hr

Total area = 35.5 acres

Intensity of Rainfall (I) = 2.5 cm/hr (1 inch/hr)

Run-off co-efficient (C) = 0.7

Q = 0.7 x (2.5/100) m/hr x (35.5 x 10000) m2

= 6212.5 m3/hr





4.6.1.1 Storm Water Management

The power plant water management system will be designed to minimize the

potential for storm water contamination occurring at the site. This will be

achieved by incorporating the following features into the storm water

management system:

• Run-off from upstream areas will be diverted around the plant site;

• The quantity of contaminated run-off generated will be minimized by diverting

run-off from areas external to the plant to storm water discharge points;

• Hazardous material and fuel storage areas will be bunded and drains will be

provided to around these facilities to prevent entering of run-off water; and

• Run-off from area external to process areas of the plant will be contained

within a storage system.

4.6.2 Noise Pollution Management

In the plant operation process, various equipments like pumps, cooling tower,

compressors etc generate the noise. The recommendations to mitigate higher noise

levels are:

• Equipments should be designed to conform to noise levels prescribed by

regulatory authorities;

• Provision of acoustic barriers or shelters in noisy workplaces;

• Provision of hoods to noise generating equipments like pumps;

• Provision of thick greenbelt to attenuate the noise levels;

• Provision of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) such as earplugs, earmuffs to

the workers working in high noise level area; and

• Implementation of greenbelt, landscaping with horticulture at power block areas

to reduce noise impacts.

4.6.3 Solid Waste Management

Solid waste in the form of ash will be generated in a coal based thermal power

plant. The total ash generated in the plant will be 1,20,000 TPA out of which 20%

will be bottom ash i.e. 24,000 TPA and balance will be fly ash of 98,000 TPA. The

following measures shall be taken for solid waste management:

• Whole fly ash generated in the plant shall be supplied to Letter of Award (LOA)

• The bottom ash will be disposed off in ash pond, which will be provided with clay

lining;

• Sufficient moisture content will be maintained in the ash dyke to prevent fugitive

dust;

• The used oil will be given to authorized recyclers;

• The organic portion of sludge waste generated in the sewage treatment plant

(STP) will be used as manure in greenbelt development; and

• Maintaining the data base on solid waste generation.





FIGURE-4.8

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT SCHEME





FIGURE-4.9

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

PressureFilter

Clariflocculator

Grit Chamber TankAeration

Bar Screen

Domestic WastewaterFrom Plant & Colony

Clarifier

Alum

Treated Water for

Reuse

Sludge Sludge

Sludge drying bedsdried sludge as manure for greenbelt





FIGURE-4.10

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING PIT





4.6.3.1 Literature on Fly Ash Utilization

• Fly Ash use in Cement Industries

Cement mixed with fly ash is known as Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC). As per

the Indian standards, fly ash can be used to replace 25% cement. The fly ash

cement is made by grinding with clinker. The fly ash generated from proposed

power plant will be supplied to cement plants in the region. The fly ash can be

utilized by these cement plants to manufacture PPC cement.

• Fly Ash use in Road Construction

Fly ash can be used as a component in a stabilized aggregate sub-base course. A

blend of 84% dense aggregate, 11% pond fly ash and 5% hydrated lime gives

maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and unconfined compressive

strength.

4.6.3.2 Prospective Ash Utilization

It is very much clear that the ash generated at the power plant can be effectively

used for various products. Though the acceptability of the ash-based products

may take a long time, it is always better to start on a small scale.

4.6.3.3 Policy on Fly Ash Utilization

Utilization of ash produced by coal based power stations as a thrust area of its

activities and all possible actions will be taken to enhance level of ash utilization.

In the proposed power plant, various avenues for ash utilization will be explored

as delineated in the above sections. In particular, supply of quality ash for

manufacture of cement will be taken as there are some cement units. Some of

the actions planned for the project are as given below:

• The proponent will make efforts to motivate and encourage entrepreneurs to

set up units for manufacture of ash-based products such as fly ash bricks,

lightweight aggregates, and cellular concrete products etc as ancillary

industries in the region. NTPC-SAIL power would be providing all possible

infrastructure facilities to these entrepreneurs in accordance with its policy;

• The proponent would also continue to encourage utilization of available ash

based products in all its construction activities; and

• The proponent will encourage the use of water treated fly ash as a soil

ameliorator and as a source of micro-nutrients and secondary nutrients for

improving agricultural productivity.

4.6.3.4 Conclusion

All efforts will be made for maximum utilization of ash. However, after reviewing

various proposals of the ash utilization, 100% of ash utilization is possible at the

initial period and same will be improved over the period of time in future. The

project proponent is committed to explore possibilities for ash utilization

considering new technologies and avenues and try to achieve the target fixed by

MoEF in this regard.





NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd is committed to comply with the Fly Ash

Utilization Notification, 2009.

4.6.3.5 Fly Ash Disposal

The balance ash after utilisation shall be disposed in ash ponds. Ash disposal system

proposed is High Concentration Slurry Disposal (HCSD). Treated wastewater will be

used in ash handling plant. The ash pond will be provided with impervious lining.

The area provided for ash pond is about 19 acres.

The major advantages of the HSCD method are:

• Very low water consumption;

• The slurry can be self-setting and self limiting so that ash will be deposit and dry

by itself to form a hard surface;

• Considerably less area is required for ash disposal;

• Specific energy consumption in pumping and transportation will be much lower;

• Pipeline diameter can be much smaller and transportation velocities could also

be considerably lower due to the fact that the slurry is non-settling. This could

also reduce wear in the pipeline;

• Both bottom ash and fly ash can be disposed together if needed; and

• The trenches will be constructed along the periphery of the ash pond to collect

the run-off water during rainy days. The run-off water will be routed through

sedimentation tank before discharging into nalla.

The ash will be utilized in various construction material to the maximum extent and

100% utilization will be achived.

4.7 Greenbelt Development

With rapid industrialization and consequent deleterious impact of pollutants on

environment, values of environmental protection offered by trees are becoming

clear. Trees are very suitable for detecting, recognizing and reducing air pollution

effects. Monitoring of biological effects of air pollutant by the use of plants as

indicators has been applied on local, regional and national scale. Trees function as

sinks of air pollutants, besides their bio-esthetical values, owing to its large

surface area.

The greenbelt development not only functions as foreground and background

landscape features resulting in harmonizing and amalgamating the physical

structures of the plant with surrounding environment, but also acts as pollution

sink. Thus, implementation of afforestation program is of paramount importance.

It will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more complex and functionally

more stable and make the climate more conducive.

Greenbelt with a width of 50 m to 100 m will be developed around the plant site.

The total greenbelt around the power plant complex will be about 24.5 acres.

In the proposed greenbelt about 12000 trees will be planted over an area of 3.5

acres with a density of 2500 trees/ha. A capital budget for Environmental

protection measures is Rs. 16.9 crores capital cost and 8.1 crores recurring coat

per annum. The plantation schedule will be completed within five years from the

construction period of the project. The plantation schedule is given in Table-

4.10.





TABLE-4.10

GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

Year No. Saplings Cost (Rs lakh)

1st Year 1000 250000

2nd Year 1700 425000

3rd Year 2500 625000

4th Year 3000 750000

5th Year 3800 950000

Total 12000 3000000

The layout plan of the greenbelt and tree cover in plant area is shown in Figure-

4.11.

4.7.1 Species for Plantation

The species proposed will have broad leaves. Trees will be selected based on the

type of pollutants, their intensity, location, easy availability and suitability to the

local climate. They have different morphological, physiological and bio-chemical

mechanism/ characters like branching habits, leaf arrangement, size, shape,

surface (smooth/hairy), presence or absence of trichomes, stomatal conductivity

proline content, ascorbic acid content, cationic peroxides and sulphite oxidize

activities etc to trap or reduce the pollutants. Species to be selected will fulfil the

following specific requirements of the area:

• Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to eco-

physiological conditions;

• Rapid growth;

• Capacity to endure water stress and climate extremes after initial

establishment;

• Differences in height and growth habits;

• Pleasing appearances; and

• Providing shade.

Based on the above, the recommended species for greenbelt and plantation are

given in Table-4.11. Further, the already existing / native species will be given

preference.





FIGURE-4.11

GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN





TABLE-4.11

RECOMMENDED PLANTS FOR GREENBELT

Note: S: Small, M: Medium, L: Large Sr. No.

Botanical Name of the Plant with Height

Size of Plant Type and Suitable Site

1 Acacia auriculaeformis (Mimosaceae)

Height: 5m

M; Semi-evergreen fragrant white flowers; suitable in green belts and on road sides

2 Adina cordifolia (Rubiaceae) Height: 20m

L; deciduous, a light demander, suitable on open areas & near flares

3 Aegle marmelos( Rutaceae) Height: 12m

M; deciduous, good for green belts near temples

4 Anogeissus latifolia

( Combretaceae)

M; deciduous suitable for green belts

5 Artabotrys hexapetaius (Annonaceae) Height: 10m

S; evergreen shrub with fragrant flowers good for gardens & inside boundary wall and long canals

6 Averrhoa carambola (Averrhoaceae Oxalidaceae) Height: 5m

S; semi ever green good in narrow green belts ( green belts < 50 m width) Along channels

7 Azadirachta India (Meliaceae) Height: 20m

L; evergreen ; Suitable in green belts and out side office & hospital buildings

8 Bauhinia variegate (Caesalpiniaceae) Height: 5m

M; deciduous, good in green belts in garden and as a second row avenue tree

9 Boswellia serrata (Burseraceae) Height: 4m

M; deciduous suitable on green belt on shallow soils

10 Burera serrata (Bureraceae) Height: 4m

M; evergreen, suitable on shallow soil as a green belt or avenue tree

11 Butea monosperma (Fabaceae; Papilionaceae) Height: 10m

M; deciduous for green belts and as a second row avenue tree

12 Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Leguminosae) Height: 4m

S; a large shrub, suitable for gardens out side offices and along channels

13 Callistemon lanceolatus (Myrtaceae) Height: 5m

M; deciduous for some time, ornamental plant in garden

14 Careva aroborea (Lecythidaceae)

L; deciduous, good in green belts

15 Carrisa carandas (Apocynaceae) Height: 3m

S; semi evergreen. Large bushy shrub, good as a hedge to protect against noise

16 Caryota urens ( Palmae) Height: 5m

A lofty palm, good as a windbreak

17 Cassia fistula (Leguminopsaae) Height: 12m

M; deciduous, good ornamental tree in green belts

18 C. Siamea Height: 10-12m

L; evergreen, good an avenue tree

19 Cedrela toona

(Meliaceae) Height: 5-8m

L; deciduous, good in open spaces, in green

belts and along ponds

20 Cestrum diurnum (solanaceae) Height: 3m

S; a shrub with white fragrant flowers, suitable around boilers and waste disposal sites

21 Cleistanthus collinus S; deciduous tree suitable in green belts





Sr. No.



(Euphorbiaceae) Height: 3-5m

22 Dalberciasisso (Leguminosae) Height: 3-5m

M; deciduous suitable on areas around flare sites and in green belts

23 Delomix regia (Leguninosae) Height: 15m

M; deciduous ornamental, suitable on road sides

24 Dillenia India Height: 3-5m

L; evergreen, white fragrant flowers, good in green belts and around waste disposal sites.

25 D. Pentagyna Height: 5-8m

L; deciduous , good in green belts and on site around flare

26 Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae)

Height: 5m

M; deciduous, good as isolated trees in gardens.

27 Ervthrina suberosa (Leguminosae)

M; deciduous, good in green belts

28 E.variegata Height: 10m

M; deciduous, good in gardens out side office buildings

29 Ficus bengalensis

Height: 20m

L; deciduous, widely spaced avenue tree (15 m

apart)

30 F. religiosa Height: 20m

L; deciduous, widely spaced avenue tree also as a single tree in isolated sites

31 Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) Height: 3-5m

M; deciduous , good in green belts around flare sites

32 Grewia tiloifolia (Tiliaceae) Height:3- 5m

M; good in green belts for use as timber

33 Hamelia patents (Rubiaceae) Height: 3m

S; evergreen shrub with dense attractive foliage of greenish bronze leaves; good in gardens

34 Hardwickia binata (Leguminosae)

Height: 3-5m

M; deciduous, good for green belts on shallow soils

35 Hibiscus mutabilis (Malvaceae) Height: 3-5m

S; large bushy shrub, semi evergreen good in green belts & in gardens, along channels

36 H. rosa sinensis Height: 3m

S; evergreen woody showy shrub good for gardens

37 Lxora arbprea (Rubiaceae) Height: 1-2m

S; much branched evergreen; good in green belts and in gardens

38 Lxora coccinea Height: 1-2m

S; much branched evergreen; good in gardens and in green belts

39 Jasminum sbrahmanir (Oleaceae)

S; much branched evergreen; good in gardens and in green belts

40 Kydia calycina (Malvaceae)

S; deciduous, good along canals and in green belts

41 Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae) Height: 10m

M; deciduous, good along road sides and in garden

42 Lannea coramandelica

(Anacardiaceae) Height: 3-5m

L; deciduous, good on well drained green belts

and around flares

43 Lawsonia alba (Lythraceae) Height: 3-5m

S; glabrous much branched shrub, good along canal sides

44 Madhuca indica M; deciduous, good in green belts





Sr. No.



(Sapotaceae) Height: 5-8m

45 Mallotus philippensis (Euphorbiaceae) Height: 5-8m

S; small evergreen tree, good along canals

46 Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) Height: 5-8m

M; deciduous good along small roads and canals

47 Millingtonia hortensis ( Bignoniaceae) Height: 3-5m

L; semi evergreen flowers fragrant, good along road sides

48 Mimusops elengi (Sapotaceae) Height: 10m

M; evergreen, good for avenues

49 Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) Height: 10m

M; deciduous, with fragrant flowers

50 Murava koenigii (Rutaceae) Height: 3-5m

S; semi evergreen good in green belts suitable site and along small channels

51 Oreodoxa regia (Palmae) Height: 5-8m

L; semi- evergreen good along medium and small road sides as an ornamental plant

52 Pandanus odoratissimus (Pandanaceae) Height: 1-2m

S; a densely branched shrub; good in gardens near sea shore

53 Peltophorum inerma (Leguminosae, Caaesalpiniaceae) Height: 3-5m

M; Semi evergreen, suitable on road sides, in gardens & outside office buildings

54 Pliumeria acuuminata (Apocynaceae) Height: 3-4m

M; semi evergreen, fragrant white flowers, good in green belts

55 Plumeria alba (Apocynaceae) Height: 3-4m

S; semi evergreen good for gardens

56 Plumeria rubra Height: 3-4m

S; semi evergreen good for gardens

57 Pterocarpus marsupium (Leguminosae, Papilionaceae) Height: 3-5m

M; deciduous, good on open areas with adequate light

58 Pogamia pinnata (Leguminosae, Papilionaceae) Height: 3-5m

M; deciduous, good along roads and canals

59 Samalia malabarica (Bombaceae) Height: 3-5m

M; deciduous, good for avenues

60 Samanea saman (Leguminosae) Height: 20m

L; deciduous, a good tree along road sides for shade

61 Saraca indica (Leguminosae, Caesalpinaceae) Height: 5m

M; evergreen tree good on road sides within campus

62 Spathodia campanulata (Bignoniaceae) Height: 12m

L; iin gardens and avenues and in green belts, it is deciduous

63 Syzygium cuminii (Myyrtaceae) Height: 20m

L; evergreen tree good in green belts, and with in campus road sides

64 Tabernamontana coronaria

(Apocynaceae) Height: 2-3m

S; an evergreen shrub, good in gardens and

along cannels

65 Tabebuia pentaphylla M; deciduous good in gardens





Sr. No.



(Bignomiaceae) Height: 20m

66 Tamarindus indica (Leguminosae, caesalpiniaceae) Height: 20m

L; evergreen tree good along state national highways suitable site

67 Xylia xyicarpa (Leguminosae;Minosaceae) Height: 2m

Good in gardens and along cannals and streams and on waste lands

68 Zanthoxyium(Rutaceae) Height: 2m

M; deciduous in green belts.

Note: S: Small, M: Medium, L: Large

4.8 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures

It is proposed to invest about Rs. 361.94 Crores on pollution control, treatment

and monitoring systems for proposed power plant. The capital expenditure for

Environmental protection measures will about Rs. 18.1 Crores capital cost and 8.1

Crores recurring coat per annum. Cost provision for environmental measures are

given in Table-4.12.

TABLE-4.12

COST PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

Sr. No

Particulars Capital Cost (Rs. Crores)

Recurring Cost per Annum (Rs. Crores)

1 Pollution monitoring and air quality equipment 15.2 6.9

2 Water quality monitoring and management 1.8 0.9

3 Greenbelt / plantation for entire period 0.9 0.3

4 Occupational Health 0.2 0

Total 18.1 8.1



Analysis of Alternative Site


5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE

5.1 Analysis of Alternative Sites for Location of Power Plant

The proposed expansion is within the Existing plant premises. Hence, no

alternative sites were examined.

5.2 Selection of Turbine and Boiler

5.2.1 Turbine capacity and type

2 units each of capacity 20 MW have been envisaged to meet 39.0 MW

Emergency load. However, necessary load shedding and switching need to be

done during outage of one unit or fall of generation.

During Phase-II expansion the 3rd TA of 20 MW will be installed along with 3rd

Boiler and other auxiliaries. After the installation of 3rd unit the total Category-I

and Emergency power demand will be met by new Power Plant and during shut

down of one machine the demand will be approximately 44.0 MW and will be met

by the remaining two units with necessary load shedding and switching.

Present generation Turbine with high efficiency has been envisaged. Turbine will

be condensing type.

5.2.2 Boiler capacity and type

The steam requirement for 40 MW generation, internal requirement for

condensate heating at de-aerator, ejector, sealing oil atomizing etc. will be

approximately 180 TPH. The requirement will be met by 2 Boilers.

Considering 90% of consisting loading on each Boiler the capacity of each Boiler

has been selected as 100 TPH. Boilers will run only on coal for 100% of rated

capacity. Light Diesel Oil (LDO) shall be used as startup fuel.

The existing type stokered fired Boilers are old and have lower efficiency.

Pulverized fuel fired Boilers are efficient but most suitable for 200 TPH and above.

For the capacity of 100 TPH boiler both Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion

(AFBC) and Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) are suitable. The

comparison between AFBC and CFBC boiler are given in Table-5.2.

TABLE-5.2

COMPARISON BETWEEN AFBC AND CFBC BOILERS

Sr. No Description AFBC Boiler CFBC Boiler

1 Combustor Inbed coils immersed in

the bubbling bed. The heat

transfer rate in inbed coils

is very high as compared

with rest of the furnace

walls.

No inbed coils. Higher

heat transfer rate in the

entire furnace walls.

2 Furnace height Approx 15 to 18 m. Approx. 30 to 32 m



Analysis of Alternative Site


Sr. No Description AFBC Boiler CFBC Boiler

3 Thermal efficiency 2 to 3 % lower than CFBC -

4 Un-burnt carbon in

fly ash

4 to 5 % for Indian coal 4 to 5 % for Indian coal

5 Auxiliary power

consumption

20 to 25% lower than

CFBC

-

6 Sulfur capture

efficiency

Up to 75% > 95%

7 NOx level 200 to 250 ppm 100 ppm

8 Fuel size Suitable for fines < 1 mm

max 30%

Suitable for fines < 1

mm max 40%

9 Load response, Turn

down, start up time

Same Same

10 Fuel flexibility / Coal

variation

Lower in terms firing

washery rejects, Petrcoke,

char, Biomass, etc.

Better than AFBC

11 Commissioning Time 15 to 16 months

commissioning

16 to 17 months

commissioning

12 Capital cost - Approximately 30% to

35% costlier than AFBC

It is observed that both the types have their own advantage and disadvantage.

NTPC-SAIL informed that they have discussed with leading Boiler manufacturers

and also visited some of the operating plants based on CFBC and AFBC Boilers. It

has been observed by them that for the intended capacity (100 TPH), the Boiler

of AFBC type are generally operating. CFBC Boilers are more in numbers for

higher capacities i.e 130 TPH and above. However, the manufacturers while

recommending AFBC Boilers for the capacity envisaged are also not against

supply of CFBC Boilers.

Based on the above comparison AFBC Boilers have been selected over CFBC type

for this project with boiler capacity 100 TPH.



Environmental Monitoring Program


6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 Introduction

Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to

assess the status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of

baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any

deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable

taking up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment.

Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of

control measures can only be determined by monitoring.

Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried over

short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the

natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the

environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the

environmental quality.

6.2 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure

Monitoring will confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the form

of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as

amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for

measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets.

It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity

of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring

may include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even

assessment of complaints. NTPC-SAIL is presently out sourcing the monitoring

work MoEF recognised laboratory same will be utilized for the proposed expansion

project.

6.2.1 Objectives of Monitoring

The objectives of environmental post-project monitoring are to:

• Verify effectiveness of planning decisions;

• Measure effectiveness of operational procedures;

• Confirm statutory and corporate compliance; and

• Identify unexpected changes.

6.3 Monitoring Schedule

Environmental monitoring schedules are prepared covering various phases of

project advancement, such as constructional phase and regular operational phase.

6.3.1 Monitoring Schedule during Constructional Phase

The proposed power project envisages setting up of boilers, turbines and cooling

towers etc. The construction activities require clearing of vegetation, mobilisation of

construction material and equipment. The construction activities are expected to

last for over three years.





The generic environmental measures that need to be undertaken during project

construction stage are given in Table-6.1.

TABLE-6.1

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING PROJECT CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Sr. No.

Potential Impact

Action to be Followed Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

1 Air Emissions All equipments are operated within specified design parameters.

Random checks of equipment logs/ manuals

Periodic

Vehicle trips to be

minimized to the extent possible

Vehicle logs Periodic during

site clearance & construction activities

Maintenance of DG set emissions to meet stipulated standards

Gaseous emissions (SO2, HC, CO, NOx)

Periodic emission monitoring

Ambient air quality within

the premises of the proposed unit to be monitored.

The ambient air

quality will conform to the standards for PM2.5,PM10,SO2, NOx, CO and Ozone

As per

CPCB/SPCB requirement or on monthly basis whichever is earlier

2 Noise List of all noise generating machinery onsite along with age to be prepared.

Equipment to be maintained in good working order.

Equipment logs, noise reading

Regular during construction activities

Night working is to be minimized.

Working hour records Daily records

Generation of vehicular noise

Maintenance of records of vehicles

Daily records

Noise to be monitored in ambient air within the plant premises.

Spot Noise recording As per CPCB/SPCB requirement or on quarterly basis whichever is earlier

3 Wastewater

Discharge

No untreated discharge to

be made to surface water, groundwater or soil.

No discharge hoses

will be in vicinity of watercourses.

Periodic during

construction activities

4 Soil Erosion Protect topsoil stockpile where possible at edge of site.

Effective cover in place.

Periodic during construction activities

5 Drainage and effluent Management

Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working

effectively. The design to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same.

Visual inspection of drainage and records thereof


6 Waste Implement waste Comprehensive Waste Periodic check





Sr. No.

Potential Impact



Management management plan that identifies and characterizes every waste arising associated with proposed activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising.

Management Plan should be in place and available for inspection on-site. Compliance with MSW Rules, 1998 and Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2008

during construction activities

7 Non-routine events and accidental releases

Plan to be drawn up, considering likely emergencies and steps required to prevent/limit consequences.

Mock drills and records of the same


8 Health Employees and migrant

labour health check ups

All relevant

parameters including HIV

Regular check

ups

9 Environmental Management Cell/ Unit

The Environmental Management Cell/Unit is to be set up to ensure implementation and monitoring of environmental safeguards.

Responsibilities and roles will be decided before the commencement of work.

During construction phase

10 Loss of flora and fauna

Re-vegetation as per Forest guidelines

No. of plants, species During site clearance phase

6.3.2 Monitoring Schedule during Operational Phase

During operational stage, continuous air emissions from power boilers,

wastewater, non-hazardous waste such as ash, and hazardous used oily wastes

are expected.

The following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the

environmental setting and nature of project activities are listed below:

• Source emissions and ambient air quality;

• Groundwater Levels and ground water quality;

• Water and wastewater quality (water quality, effluent & sewage quality etc);

• Solid and hazardous waste characterisation (fly ash, bottom ash, oily wastes,

ETP sludge, used and waste oil);

• Soil quality;

• Noise levels (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures

and ambient noise levels); and

• Ecological preservation and afforestation.

The following routine monitoring programme as detailed in Table-6.2 will be

implemented at site. Besides to this monitoring, the compliances to all

environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from SPCB/MoEF will be

monitored and reported periodically.





TABLE-6.2

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE

Sr. No.

Potential Impact



1 Air Emissions Stack emissions from power boilers to be optimized and

monitored

Gaseous emissions (PM, SO2, CO, NOx

)

Continuous monitoring

using on-line equipment during operation phase

Stack emissions from DG set to be optimized and monitored

Gaseous emissions (SO2, HC, CO, NOx)

Periodic during operation phase

Ambient air quality within

the premises of the proposed unit and nearby habitations to be monitored. Exhaust from vehicles to be minimized by use of fuel efficient vehicles and well maintained vehicles having PUC certificate.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2,

NOx, CO and HC. Vehicle logs to be maintained

As per

CPCB/SPCB requirement or on weakly basis whichever is earlier

Measuring onsite data of Meteorology

Wind speed, direction, temp., relative humidity and rainfall.

Continuous monitoring using on-line weather station during operation phase

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible

Vehicle logs Daily records

2 Noise Noise generated from operation of power boilers/cooling towers to be optimized and monitored Noise generated from operation of DG set to be optimized and monitored DG sets to generate less than 75 dB(A) Leq at 1-m

from the source DG sets are to be provided at basement with acoustic enclosures

Spot Noise Level recording; Leq(night), Leq(day), Leq(dn)


Generation of vehicular noise

Maintain records of vehicles


3 Wastewater Discharge

No untreated discharge to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil.

Regular check ups Periodic during operation phase

Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such that soil and groundwater resources are protected

Discharge norms for effluents


Compliance of wastewater pH, TSS, TDS, Once in a week





Sr. No.

Potential Impact



discharge to standards BOD, COD & Temperature

during operation phase

Compliance of treated sewage to standards

Comprehensive as per GSR 422(E)

Once in a season

4 Drainage and effluent Management

Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working effectively.

Design to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same.

Visual inspection of drainage and records thereof


5 Water Quality and Water Levels

Monitoring used water quality, groundwater quality around ash pond and ground water levels

Comprehensive monitoring as per IS:10500 Groundwater level

in meters bgl


River water quality downstream to discharge

As per CTO

Once in a week

6 Work zone air contamination

Contaminants such as VOCs to be reduced by providing adequate ventilation

Monitoring of indoor air contaminants such as CO, CO2 and VOCs.

As per CPCB/SPCB requirement

7 Emergency preparedness, such as fire fighting

Fire protection and safety measures to take care of fire and explosion hazards, to be assessed and steps taken for their prevention.

Mock drill records, on site emergency plan, evacuation plan


8 Maintenance of flora and fauna

Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development

No. of plants, species


9 Waste Management

Implement waste management plan that identifies and characterizes every waste arising associated with proposed activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising.

Records of solid waste generation, treatment and disposal


10 Soil quality Maintenance of good soil quality

Physico-chemical parameters and metals.

Periodical monitoring at ash pond site

11 Health Employees and migrant labour health check ups

All relevant parameters including HIV

Regular check ups

6.4 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis of Environmental Monitoring

All environmental monitoring and relevant operational data will be stored in a

relational database and should be able to link to GIS system. This will enable

efficient retrieval and storage and interpretation of the data. Regular data

extracts and interpretive reports will be sent to the regulator.





6.4.1 Air Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis

6.4.1.1 Stack Monitoring

The emissions from all the stacks will be monitored regularly. The exit gas

temperature, velocity and pollutant concentrations will be measured. Any

unacceptable deviation from the design values will be thoroughly examined and

appropriate action will be taken. Air blowers will be checked for any drop in exit gas

velocity.

6.4.1.2 Workspace Monitoring

The concentration of air borne pollutants in the workspace/work zone environment

will be monitored periodically. If concentrations higher than threshold limit values

are observed, the source of fugitive emissions will be identified and necessary

measures taken. Methane and non-methane hydrocarbons will be monitored in oil

storage area once in a season. If the levels are high suitable measures as detailed

in EMP will be initiated. 6.4.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The ground level concentrations of PM, SO2 and NOX in the ambient air will be

monitored at regular intervals. Any abnormal rise will be investigated to identify

the causes and appropriate action will be initiated. Greenbelt will be developed for

minimising dust propagation. The ambient air quality data should be transferred

and processed in a centralised computer facility equipped with required software.

Trend and statistical analysis should be done. Ambient air quality monitoring

studies will be carried out as per recent amendment of 16th November-2009 on

NAAQM and will be strictly followed.

6.4.2 Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis

To ensure a strict control over the water consumption, flow meters will be installed

for all major inlets. All leakages and excess will be identified and rectified. In

addition, periodic water audits will be conducted to explore further possibilities for

water conservation.

Methods prescribed in "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and

Wastewater" prepared and published jointly by American Public Health

Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) is recommended.

6.4.2.1 Monitoring of Wastewater Streams

All the wastewater streams in the project area will be regularly analysed for flow

rate and physical and chemical characteristics. Such analysis is carried out for

wastewater at the source of generation, at the point of entry into the wastewater

treatment plant and at the point of final discharge. These data will be properly

documented and compared against the design values for any necessary corrective

action.





6.4.2.2 Monitoring of Groundwater

The monitoring of groundwater is the most important tool to test the efficiency of

ash pond performance. This is indispensable as it provides detection of the

presence of waste constituents in groundwater in case of leachate migration. In

this programme, water samples are taken at a predetermined interval and analysed

for specific pollutant expected to be in the leachate.

6.4.3 Noise Levels

Noise levels in the work zone environment such as boiler house, cooling tower

area, DG house will be monitored. The frequency will be once in three months in

the work zone. Similarly, ambient noise levels near habitations will also be

monitored once in three months. Audiometric tests will be conducted periodically

for the employees working close to the high noise sources.

6.5 Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data

It is proposed that voluntary reporting of environmental performance with

reference to the EMP should be undertaken.

The environmental monitoring cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programmes at

site and data thus generated will be regularly furnished to the state regulatory

agencies.

The frequency of reporting will be on six monthly basis to the local state pollution

control board officials and to Regional office of MoEF & CC. The Environmental Audit

reports will be prepared for the entire year of operations and will be regularly

submitted to regulatory authorities.


Chapter-7 Additional Studies


7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Public Consultation

The West Bengal Pollution control board has conducted public hearing on 6th

January 2015 at Rabindra Bhawan, Shivaji Road, A-Zone, Durgapur, District

Burdwan, West Bengal as per the provisions of EIA notification S.O. 1533

dated:14th September 2006 for the proposed Durgapur Captive Power Project-III

(2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Burdwan, West Bengal.

The press notification indicating date and venue of the public hearing was issued

by Member Secretary, West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB), on

8.12.2014 in prominent newspapers Viz. the Ananda Bazar Patrika local Bengali

News Paper and the Telegraph local English News Paper with project details

inviting suggestions, views, comments and objections from the public regarding

establishment of proposed project. The copies of the notification issued in

newspapers for public hearing are given below in Figure-7.1.

The EIA report along with Executive Summary in English and Bengali were

displayed and made available at the following places:

Office of District Collector, WB;

District Panchayat Office;

Regional Office, WBPCB;

District Industry Centre;

Chief Conservator of Forests;

Regional Office, Ministry of Environment and Forests; and

Village Sarpanch Offices of respective villages in 10-km radius.

Further, one week before the public hearing, meetings and discussions were held

with the residents of the surrounding villages to familiarize them about the

project and proceedings of Public Hearing and briefed them about operations of

proposed project and allied development activities.

The Regional Officer briefed the public about the purpose of organizing the

hearing and assisted in smooth conduct of Public Hearing. The representative of

proposed project explained the salient features of project and specific reference

to the impacts on environment and its management.

After briefing the public about the project details by representative of M/s. NTPC-

SAIL and environmental details by consultant. They invited the public to express

their concerns, views and suggestions on this proposal. The minutes of the public

hearing is enclosed as Annexure-XIII.




FIGURE-7.1(A)

PAPER ADVERTISEMENT




FIGURE-7.1(B)

PAPER ADVERTISEMENT




PHOTOGRAPHS - PUBLIC HEARING




7.1.1 Issues Discussed during Public Hearing

All the issues raised by individuals and reply of project proponent are given in

Annexure-XIII. The summary of issues raised are grouped and discussed below in Table-7.1.

TABLE-7.1

SUMMARY OF ISSUES RAISED ARE GROUPED AND DISCUSSED

Sr No

Issues raised by the Public Comment of the Project Proponent

Action Plan with Estimated Budget

1 Smt. Kasturi Sengupta, WBCS (Exe), SDO, Durgapur opined that a review committee and grievance redressal cell should be formed at the sub-division level in order to oversee the proper fulfillment of CSR commitments of different industries situated in and around Durgapur.

It has been noted and NSPCL will integrate the CSR activities as per the policies.

NSPCL expenditure for CSR in last 5 years is listed in the table.

Period Expenditure

2010-11 1358297

2011-12 1352882

2012-13 1692790

2013-14 3275327

2014-15 (ongoing)

4250000

2a Sri Apurba Mukherjee, Hon’ble Mayor of Durgapur Municipal Corporation (DMC) stated that Durgapur is an industrial area and the pollution level of the area is already very high; hence stringent pollution control measures must be taken up by PP for their proposed expansion project.

Yes, all the pollution control measures (ESP, Bag filters, Dust Suppression measures) are in place.

A provision of Rs. 18.1 Crores has been made for the Environment Management Plan the details are provided in section-4.8 of Chapter-4.

2b Sri Mukherjee further emphasized

that collective effort should immediately be initiated for de-siltation of river Damodar and industries should maintain their zero discharge norms in order to minimize water pollution caused to River Damondar.

NSPCL will see that

there is no discharge into the river to avoid water pollution. NSPCL will participate in the Government programmes and will donate for the noble cause. The treated wastewater will be used for dust suppression, domestic water will be used for gardening

Proposed to spend Rs. 1.2 Crores on

water quality, monitoring and management

2c The Hon’ble Mayor also requested the NSPCL authorities to initiate extensive CSR activities. He opined that there should be a subdivision level committee to monitor the proper implementation of CSR commitments of industries situated in Durgapur and its adjoining areas.

NSPCL has a separate CSR wing with a Senior Official and activities are being planned annually and the budgeted amount is spent for the cause.

CSR plan for Rs. 62.5 lakhs per annum will be prepared for the proposed project. NSPCL has been consistently spending CSR budget and the provision is enhanced during the year and will be continued in next coming years.

2d Lastly Sri Mukherjee expressed hope that the upcoming expansion project will contribute to the overall socio-economic development of durgapur.

CSR activities under implementation will be strengthen

Expenses till : 119.29 lakhs Expenses proposed : 62.5 lakhs

3a Sri Pravat Chatterjee, Hon’ble Mayor- Thank you.




Sr No



in-Council of DMC welcomed the project.

3b He also requested the PP to run their pollution control devices effectively and initiate extensive CSR activity in consultation with the relevant district level committee in this regard.

Yes, the regular monthly monitoring works are in progress and will continue and the reports are being sent to regional MOEF and Regional Pollution Control Board office.

Refer Point no. 2

3c He finally thanked WBPCB for conducting the public hearing and thereby giving the common people of the area to come up with their views, queries and concerns about the upcoming expansion project

Noted. -----

4a Sri Lakhsman Mondal of Gopalmath requested the PP to give priority to villages which are situated adjacent to their unit and mostly affected by pollution generated from their process activities while executing CSR activities.

Due care shall be taken by NSPCL for implementation of various suggestions in phased manner.

Need based CSR plans will be developed and implemented in consultation with village level CSR committees.

4b He further requested the NSPCL authority to ensure proper utilization of fly ash generated from their process in order to minimize environmental nuisance created by indiscriminate dumping of the same.

The existing plant of 2x60 MW has already been following good practices. The same shall be followed in the new plant and the concern of environmental nuisance shall be taken care by NSPCL.

As per the latest Fly ash notification all the measures for the proposed plant will be in place. An area of about 22 acres has been allocated for ash disposal and an amount of Rs 10 crores has been

allocated for ash pond and associated structures.

4c Finally Sri Mondal thanked the PP for their previous CSR activities and extensive plantation program.

Thank you. An amount of Rs 30 lacs over a period of

5 years has been allocated for greenbelt development.

5a Sri Srinibas Jana of B-Zone, Sri Manoj Kr. Bhattacharya of Ispatpally and Sri Tapas Ghos of Baganpara welcomed the project.

Thank you. ----

5b They requested the PP to ensure proper functioning of pollution control devices and requested WBPCB to keep close vigil on the erring industries of the area in this regard.

All the ESP, Bag filter and pollution control measures are in place and also adequate control measures are designed to cater the need of pollution control. Monthly, Quarterly and Annual reports are always being submitted to WBPCB in time.

Refer Point no. 2

5c They also welcomed the idea of formation of a monitoring committee to look after the proper implementation of CSR commitments.

Noted. Refer Point no. 1

6a Sri Barun Paul and Smt. Kakoli of ward no.9 of DMC and Sri Soumen Ghosh of J.C.Bose, Newtown welcomed the project since it will contribute towards overall development of the neighboring area.

Thank you. -----




Sr No



6b They requested the PP to implement their CSR activities in order to ensure development of the relatively undeveloped local slums and village areas.

Noted. The CSR activities under the following heads are carried out by Ms NSPCL in the surrounding villages.

Education to Children Health and Family Welfare Women Empowerment

Infrastructural Facility Aids for special Challenged

people Promotion of sports and &

Cultural activities

6c They further requested the WBPCB to keep a strong vigil on the industries of the area to provide a pollution free environment to the local residents.

Noted. Refer Point no. 2

7 Sri Manas Mukherjee of ward no.9 of DMC requested the PP to arrange for electrification of local slums through their CSR activities.

NSPCL is a power generating company. The CSR activities shall be executed as per company norms.

A request will be made to electrification board and municipal corporation as part of CSR initiative for electrification of local slum

7.2 Risk Assessment Studies

7.2.1 Introduction

Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various

hazards (unsafe conditions) that exist in the proposed power plant operations. On

the other hand, risk analysis deals with the recognition and computation of risks,

the equipment in the plant and personnel are prone to, due to accidents resulting

from the hazards present in the plant.

Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and

assessment of risks the neighboring populations are exposed to as a result of

hazards present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible

accident scenario, vulnerability of population etc. Much of this information is difficult

to get or generate. Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum

credible accident studies.

In the sections below, the identification of various hazards, probable risks in the

proposed power plant, maximum credible accident analysis, consequence analysis

are addressed which gives a broad identification of risks involved in the plant. The

Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been presented.

7.2.2 Approach to the Study

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accidents consisting of

an event or sequence of events. The risk assessment study covers the following:

Identification of potential hazard areas;

Identification of representative failure cases;

Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire (thermal radiation) and

explosion;




Assess the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and the

impact zones from the accidental scenarios;

Assess the overall suitability of the site from hazard minimization and disaster

mitigation point of view;

Furnish specific recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident

possibilities; and

Preparation of broad Disaster Management Plan (DMP), On-site and Off-site

Emergency Plan, which includes Occupational and Health Safety Plan.

7.3 Hazard Identification

Identification of hazards in the proposed power plant is of primary significance in the

analysis, quantification and cost effective control of accidents involving chemicals

and process. A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in fact the

characteristic of system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident.

Hence, all the components of a system/plant/process need to be thoroughly

examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned

event/sequence of events, which can be termed as accident. The following two

methods for hazard identification have been employed in the study:

Identification of major hazardous units based on Manufacture, Storage and

Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 of Government of India (GOI Rules,

1989); and

Identification of hazardous units and segments of plants and storage units based

on relative ranking technique, viz. Fire-Explosion and Toxicity Index (FE&TI).

7.3.1 Classification of Major Hazardous Units

Hazardous substances may be classified into three main classes; namely flammable

substances, unstable substances and toxic substances. The ratings for a large

number of chemicals based on flammability, reactivity and toxicity have been given

in NFPA Codes 49 and 345 M. The major hazardous materials to be stored,

transported, handled and utilized within the facility have been summarized in the

Table-7.2. The fuel storage details and properties are given in Table-7.3 and

Table-7.4 respectively.

TABLE-7.2

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PROPOSED TO BE STORED/TRANSPORTED

Materials Hazardous Properties

LDO UN 1203. Dangerous Goods class 3 – Flammable Liquid

TABLE-7.3

CATEGORY WISE SCHEDULE OF STORAGE TANKS

Sr. No. Material No. of

Tanks Design Capacity

(KL) Classification

1 LDO 1 10 Non-dangerous Petroleum




TABLE-7.4

PROPERTIES OF FUELS USED IN THE PLANT

Chemical Codes/Label TLV FBP MP FP UEL LEL

°c %

LDO Flammable 5 mg/m3 400 - 98 7.5 0.6

TLV : Threshold Limit Value FBP : Final Boiling Point

MP : Melting Point FP : Flash Point

UEL : Upper Explosive Limit LEL : Lower Explosive Limit

7.3.2 Identification of Major Hazard Installations Based on GOI Rules, 1989

Following accidents in the chemical industry in India over a few decades, a specific

legislation covering major hazard activities has been enforced by Govt. of India in

1989 in conjunction with Environment Protection Act, 1986. This is referred here as

GOI Rules 1989. For the purpose of identifying major hazard installations the rules

employ certain criteria based on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of

chemicals.

A systematic analysis of the fuels/chemicals and their quantities of storage has been

carried out, to determine threshold quantities as notified by GOI Rules, 1989 and

the applicable rules are identified. Applicability of storage rules are summarized in

Table-7.5.

TABLE-7.5

APPLICABILITY OF GOI RULES TO FUEL/CHEMICAL STORAGE

Sr. No.

Chemical/ Fuel

Listed in Schedule

Total Quantity

(KL)

Threshold Quantity (T) for Application of Rules

5,7-9,13-15 10-12

1 LDO 3(1) 10 25 MT 200 MT

7.4 Hazard Assessment and Evaluation

7.4.1 Methodology

An assessment of the conceptual design is conducted for the purpose of identifying

and examining hazards related to feed stock materials, major process components,

utility and support systems, environmental factors, proposed operations, facilities,

and safeguards.

7.4.2 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)

The process and the materials to be used at thermal power station the following

can be considered as major plant sections.

Thermal Plant

Coal Handling Plant;

Main Plant (Boiler, Turbo Generator etc.);

Water treatment Plant;

Hydrogen gas filing station/Turbo –Generator coolers;

Switch Yard including sub-stations;




Fuel oil handling plant;

Anhydrous Ammonia;

Cable Galleries; and

Stores where hazardous, flammable and explosive materials are stored.

Identification of Major Hazard Potential at NSPCL-Durgapur

The nature of hazards that can occur at the thermal power plants of NSPCL-

Durgapur may be broadly classified in to two categories i.e. Natural and Man-

Made Hazards (Chemical Hazards).These are detailed below.

Natural Hazards

a. Earthquake;

b. Lighting Strike;

c. Dust Strom/Cyclone; and

d. Flash Floods.

Major Chemical Hazards that can cause Emergency

a. Slow isolated fire;

b. Fast spreading fires;

c. Explosions;

d. Bursting of pipelines vessels;

e. Uncontrolled release of toxic/corrosive/flammable gases/dusts;

f. Uncontrolled release of topic / flammable liquid;

g. Floods; and

h. Earth Quake.

Each of the above may constitute an emergency but it depends on their nature,

scale and speed end impact on environment.

Fire Hazard

a. In coal handling plant and at conveyors;

b. Fuel oil handling area and oil tank in main plant;

c. Cables in galleries, and on trays in all plant sections;

d. Transformer oil; and

e. Burners area in boilers.

Explosion Hazard

a. Turbo generator where hydrogen is used for cooling T.G;

b. Transformer (oil cooled);

c. Boiler (coal / on fired); and

d. Coal dust in mills and boilers.

Bursting of Pipelines / Vessels

a. Steam pipes due to high pressure;

b. Water pipe due to high pressure; and

c. Compressor Air Receiver.




Release of Gases and Dust

a. Hydrogen in turbo generator area of main plant;

b. Pulverized coal dust from mills and associated piping.

Release of Liquids

a. Fuel oil tanks in fuel oil handling section and Diesel tanks area;

b. Chemical tanks in water treatment plant; and

c. Ash dyke (bund failure).

Floods

Breach of ash Dykes

No Smoking Zones

Fuel oil Handling Plant and Main Oil Tank areas in Main Plant;

CHP Conveyor & Crusher House;

Store Sheds / Cable storage areas/ Cable galleries;

Hydrogen Filling station/storage area;

Switch Gear rooms/ MCC rooms;

AVR Rooms;

Battery Rooms;

NR Relay Room; and

Control Rooms. A preliminary hazard analysis is carried out initially to identify the major hazards

associated with storages and the processes of the plant. This is followed by

consequence analysis to quantify these hazards. Finally, the vulnerable zones are

plotted for which risk reducing measures are deduced and implemented. Preliminary

hazard analysis for fuel storage area and whole plant is given in Table-7.6. and

Table-7.7.

TABLE-7.6

PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR STORAGE AREAS

Unit Capacity (KL) Hazard Identified

LDO 1x10 Fire/Explosion

TABLE-7.7

PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR THE WHOLE PLANT IN GENERAL

PHA

Category Description of

Plausible Hazard

Recommendation Provision

Environ-mental factors

If there is any leakage and eventuality of source of

ignition.

-- All electrical fittings and cables are provided as per the specified standards. All motor starters are

flame proof.

Environ- Highly A well designed fire Fire extinguisher of small




PHA Category

Description of Plausible

Hazard

Recommendation Provision

mental factors

inflammable nature of the liquid fuels may cause fire hazard

in the storage facility.

protection including foam, dry powder, and CO2 extinguisher should be provided.

size and big size are provided at all potential fire hazard places. In addition to the above, fire

hydrant network is also provided.

7.4.3 Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index (FE&TI) Approach

Fire, Explosion and Toxicity Indexing (FE & TI) is a rapid ranking method for

identifying the degree of hazard. The application of FE & TI would help to make a

quick assessment of the nature and quantification of the hazard in these areas.

However, this does not provide precise information.

The degree of hazard potential is identified based on the numerical value of F&EI as

per the criteria given below:

Sr. No. F&EI Range Degree of Hazard

1 0-60 Light

2 61-96 Moderate

3 97-127 Intermediate

4 128-158 Heavy

5 159 and above Severe

By comparing the indices F&EI and TI, the unit in question is classified into one of

the following three categories established for the purpose (Table-7.8).

TABLE-7.8

FIRE EXPLOSION AND TOXICITY INDEX

Category Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) Toxicity Index (TI)

I F&EI < 65 TI < 6

II 65 < or = F&EI < 95 6 < or = TI < 10

III F&EI > or = 95 TI > or = 10

Certain basic minimum preventive and protective measures are recommended for

the three hazard categories.

7.4.3.1 Results of FE and TI for Storage/Process Units

Based on the GOI Rules 1989, the hazardous fuels used by the proposed power

plant were identified. Fire and Explosion are the likely hazards, which may occur due

to the fuel storage. Hence, Fire and Explosion index has been calculated for in plant

storage. Estimates of FE&TI are given in Table-7.9.

TABLE-7.9

FIRE EXPLOSION AND TOXICITY INDEX

Sr. No. Chemical/

Fuel Total Capacity

(KL) F&EI Category TI Category

1 LDO 1x10 2.6 Light Nil -




7.4.4 Conclusion

Results of FE&TI analysis show that the storage of LDO falls into Light category of

fire and explosion index with a Nil toxicity index.

7.4.5 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCAA)

Hazardous substances may be released as a result of failures or catastrophes,

causing possible damage to the surrounding area. This section deals with the

question of how the consequences of the release of such substances and the

damage to the surrounding area can be determined by means of models. Major

hazards posed by flammable storage can be identified taking recourse to MCA

analysis. MCA analysis encompasses certain techniques to identify the hazards and

calculate the consequent effects in terms of damage distances of heat radiation,

toxic releases, vapour cloud explosion etc. A host of probable or potential accidents

of the major units in the complex arising due to use, storage and handling of the

hazardous materials are examined to establish their credibility. Depending upon the

effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect

on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be

assessed. The reason and purpose of consequence analysis are many folds like:

Part of risk assessment;

Plant layout/code requirements;

Protection of other plants;

Protection of the public;

Emergency planning; and

Design criteria.

The results of consequence analysis are useful for getting information about all

known and unknown effects that are of importance when some failure scenario

occurs in the plant and also to get information as how to deal with the possible

catastrophic events. It also gives the workers in the plant and people living in the

vicinity of the area, an understanding of their personal situation.

Selected Failure Cases

The purpose of this listing (refer Table-7.10) is to examine consequences of such

failure individually or in combination. It will be seen from the list that a vast range

of failure cases have been identified. The frequency of occurrence of failure also

varies widely.

7.4.5.1 Damage Criteria

The fuel storage and unloading at the storage facility may lead to fire and explosion

hazards. The damage criteria due to an accidental release of any hydrocarbon arise

from fire and explosion. The vapors of these fuels are not toxic and hence no effects

of toxicity are expected.

Tank fire would occur if the radiation intensity is high on the peripheral surface of

the tank leading to increase in internal tank pressure. Pool fire would occur when

fuels collected in the dyke due to leakage gets ignited.




Fire Damage

A flammable liquid in a pool will burn with a large turbulent diffusion flame. This

releases heat based on the heat of combustion and the burning rate of the liquid. A

part of the heat is radiated while the rest is convected away by rising hot air and

combustion products. The radiations can heat the contents of a nearby storage or

process unit to above its ignition temperature and thus result in a spread of fire.

The radiations can also cause severe burns or fatalities of workers or fire fighters

located within a certain distance. Hence, it will be important to know beforehand the

damage potential of a flammable liquid pool likely to be created due to leakage or

catastrophic failure of a storage or process vessel. This will help to decide the

location of other storage/process vessels, decide the type of protective clothing the

workers/fire fighters, the duration of time for which they can be in the zone, the fire

extinguishing measures needed and the protection methods needed for the nearby

storage/process vessels. The damage effect on equipment and people due to

thermal radiation intensity is given in Table-7.10. Similarly, the effect of incident

radiation intensity and exposure time on lethality is given in Table-7.11.

TABLE-7.10

DAMAGE DUE TO INCIDENT RADIATION INTENSITIES

Sr. No.

Incident Radiation (kW/m2)

Type of Damage Intensity

Damage to Equipment Damage to People

1 37.5 Damage to process equipment 100% lethality in 1 min., 1% lethality in 10 sec.

2 25.0 Minimum energy required to ignite wood at indefinitely long exposure without a flame

100% Lethality in 1 min., Significant injury in 10 sec.

3 12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic tubing

1% lethality in 1 min. First degree burns in 10 sec

4 4.0 -- Causes pain if duration is longer than 20 sec, however blistering is un-likely (First degree burns)

5 1.6 -- Causes no discomfort on long exposures

Source: Techniques for Assessing Industrial Hazards by World Bank

TABLE-7.11

RADIATION EXPOSURE AND LETHALITY

All values are given in KW/m2

Radiation Intensity (KW/m2)

Exposure Time (seconds)

Lethality (%) Degree of Burns

1.6 -- 0 No Discomfort even after long exposure

4.5 20 0 1st

4.5 50 0 1st

8.0 20 0 1st

8.0 50 <1 3rd

8.0 60 <1 3rd

12.0 20 <1 2nd

12.0 50 8 3rd

12.5 Inst 10 --

25.0 Inst 50 --

37.5 Inst 100 --




7.4.6 Scenarios Considered for MCA Analysis

7.4.6.1 Fuel Storage

The details of storages in the proposed power plant are given Table-7.2 above. In

case of fuel released in the area catching fire, a steady state fire will occur. Failures

in pipeline may occur due to corrosion and mechanical defect. Failure of pipeline due

to external interference is not considered as this area is licensed area and all the

work within this area is closely supervised with trained personnel.

7.4.6.2 Modeling Scenarios

Based on the storage and consumption of various fuels the following failure

scenarios for the proposed power plant have been identified for MCA analysis and

the scenarios are discussed in Table-7.12. The fuel properties considered in

modeling are given in Table-7.13.

TABLE-7.12

SCENARIOS CONSIDERED FOR MCA ANALYSIS

Sr. No.

Fuel/Chemical Total Quantity Scenarios considered

1 Failure of LDO tanks 1x10 Pool fire

TABLE-7.13

PROPERTIES OF FUELS CONSIDERED FOR MODELING

Sr.

No.

Fuel Molecular weight

(kg/kg mol)

Boiling Point

(C)

Density

(kg/m3)

1 LDO 114.24 400 880

7.4.7 Pool Fire Models used for MCA Analysis

Heat Radiation program ‘RADN’ has been used to estimate the steady state

radiation effect from storage of fuel at different distances. The model is based on

the equations compiled from various literatures by Prof.J.P.Gupta, Department of

Chemical Engineering, IIT Kanpur.

7.4.8 Results and Discussion

The results of MCA analysis are tabulated indicating the distances for various

damages identified by the damage criteria, as explained earlier. Calculations are

done for radiation intensities levels of 37.5, 25, 12.5, 4.5 and 1.6-kW/m2, which are

presented in Table-7.14 for different scenarios. The distances computed for various

scenarios are from the center of the pool fire.




TABLE-7.14

OCCURRENCE OF VARIOUS RADIATION INTENSITIES- POOL FIRE

Radiation and Effect Radiation Intensities (kW/m2)/

Distances (m)

37.5 25.0 19.0 12.5 4.5 1.6

Failure of one LDO tanks of 10 KL 2.9 3.7 4.3 5.4 9.7 17.6

Pool Fire Due to Failure of LDO Storage Tanks (Figure-7.2)

The maximum capacity of storage of LDO tank will be 10 KL. The most credible

failure is the rupture of the largest pipe connecting to the storage tank. As the

worst case, it is assumed that the entire contents leak out into the dyke forming

a pool, which may catch fire on finding a source of ignition.

A perusal of the above table clearly indicates that 37.5 kW/m2 (100% lethality)

occurs within the radius of the pool which is computed at 2.9 m tank on pool fire.

This vulnerable zone will damage all fuel storage equipment falling within the pool

radius.

Similarly, the threshold limit for first degree burns is 1.6 kW/m2, this vulnerable

zone in which the thermal fluxes above the threshold limit for first degree is

restricted to 17.6 m in case tank on pool fire.

7.4.9 Conclusions on MCA analysis

LDO Tank Farm

There will be one LDO storage tanks each of 10 KL capacity will be provided in the

LDO tank farm. The results of MCA analysis indicate that the maximum damage

distances for 12.5-Kw/m2 thermal radiations extends up to 5.4 m in the case of

10 KL on fire during worst meteorological conditions. As the fire resistant dyke

walls will be created, no cumulative effect of one tank farm on fire to create fire

on other tank farm is envisaged. The damage contours for tank on fire of two LDO

tanks is shown in Figure-7.2.

7.4.10 Coal Handling Plant - Dust Explosion

Coal dust when dispersed in air and ignited would explode. Crusher house and

conveyor systems are most susceptible to this hazard. To be explosive, the dust

mixture should have:

Particles dispersed in the air with minimum size (typical figure is 400

microns);

Dust concentrations must be reasonably uniform; and

Minimum explosive concentration for coal dust (33% volatiles) is 50 gm/m3.

Failure of dust extraction and suppression systems may lead to abnormal

conditions and may increase the concentration of coal dust to the explosive limits.

Sources of ignition present are incandescent bulbs with the glasses of bulkhead

fittings missing, electric equipment and cables, friction, spontaneous combustion

in accumulated dust.




Dust explosions may occur without any warnings with Maximum Explosion

Pressure upto 6.4 bar. Another dangerous characteristic of dust explosions is that

it sets off secondary explosions after the occurrence of the initial dust explosion.

Many a times the secondary explosions are more damaging than primary ones.

The dust explosions are powerful enough to destroy structures, kill or injure

people and set dangerous fires likely to damage a large portion of the Coal

Handling Plant including collapse of its steel structure which may cripple the

lifeline of the power plant.

Stockpile areas shall be provided with automatic garden type sprinklers for dust

suppression as well as to reduce spontaneous ignition of the coal stockpiles.

Necessary water distribution network for drinking and service water with pumps,

piping, tanks, valves etc will be provided for distributing water at all transfer

points, crusher house, control rooms etc.

A centralized control room with microprocessor based control system (PLC) has

been envisaged for operation of the coal handling plant. Except for locally

controlled equipment like traveling tripper, dust extraction/ dust suppression /

ventilation equipment, sump pumps, water distribution system etc, all other in-

line equipment will be controlled from the central control room but will have

provision for local control as well. All necessary interlocks, control panels, MCC’s,

mimic diagrams etc will be provided for safe and reliable operation of the coal

handling plant.

7.4.10.1 Control Measures for Coal Yards

The total quantity of coal shall be stored in separate stockpiles, with proper drains

around to collect washouts during monsoon season.

Water sprinkling system shall be installed on stocks of coal in required scales to

prevent spontaneous combustion and consequent fire hazards. The stock

geometry shall be adopted to maintain minimum exposure of stock pile areas

towards predominant wind direction.

7.4.11 Identification of Hazards

The various hazards associated, with the plant process apart from fuel storage have

been identified and are outlined in Table-7.15.

TABLE-7.15

HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR PROCESS IN POWER PLANT

Sr. No. Blocks/Areas Hazards Identified

1 Coal storage in open yard Fire, Spontaneous Combustion

2 Coal Handling Plant including Bunker area

Fire and/or Dust Explosions

3 Boilers

Fire (mainly near oil burners), Steam Explosions, Fuel Explosions

4 Steam Turbine Generator Buildings

Fires in – a) Lube oil system b) Cable galleries c) Short circuits in:




Sr. No. Blocks/Areas Hazards Identified

i)Control rooms

ii) Switch-gears Explosion due to leakage of Hydrogen and fire following it.

5 Switch-yard Control Room Fire in cable galleries and Switch-gear/Control Room

6 LDO Tank Farms HFO Tank Farm

Fire

7.4.12 Hazardous Events with Greatest Contribution to Fatality Risk

The hazardous event scenarios likely to make the greatest contribution to the risk

of potential fatalities are summarized in Table-7.16. ‘Onsite facility’ refers to the

operating site at plant site, whereas ‘offsite facility’ refers to transport and

handling systems, which are away from the operating site.

TABLE-7.16

HAZARDOUS EVENTS CONTRIBUTING TO RISK AT ON-SITE FACILITY

Hazardous Event Risk Rank Consequences of Interest

Onsite vehicle impact on personnel

3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only

Entrapment/struck by Machinery

3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only

Fall from heights 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only

Electrocution 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only

Storage tank rupture and fire 3 Potential for multiple fatalities, onsite impact only

7.4.13 Risk Assessment Summary

The preliminary risk assessment has been completed for the proposed power

plant and associated facilities and the broad conclusions are as follows:

There will be no significant community impacts or environmental damage

consequences; and

The hazardous event scenarios and risks in general at this facility can be

adequately managed to acceptable levels by performing the recommended

safety studies as part of detailed design, applying recommended control

strategies and implementing a Safety Management System.




FIGURE-7.2

DAMAGE CONTOUR FOR LDO TANK (1x10 KL) ON FIRE

E 7200

E 7300

E 7400

E 7500

E 7600

E 7700

E 7800

E 7900

E 8000

E 8100

E 8200

E 8300

E 8400

E 8500

E 8600

E 8700

E 8800

E 8900

E 9000

E 9100

E 9200

E 9300

E 9400

E 9500

E 9600

E 9700

E 9800

E 9900

E 10000

E 10100

N 19400

N 19300

N 19200

N 19100

N 19000

N 18900

N 18800

N 18700

N 18600

N 19500

N 19600

N 19700

N 19800

N 19900

N 20000

N 20100

N 20200

N 19149.00

E 8120.00

N 19002.00E 8173.00

N 18896.00

E 7828.00

N 19461.00E 9462.00

DSP BOUND

ARY

N PCL

DURGAPUR CAPTIVE POWER PLANT (PP-III)(2 x 20MW)LOCATION PLAN

NTPC-SAIL POWER COMPANY (P ) LTD.

12 3

456

8

9

11

12

13

14

15

171919

18

16

20

7

21

2223

25

26

27

28

29

30




7.4.14 Risk Reduction Opportunities

The following opportunities shall be considered as a potential means of reducing

identified risks during the detailed design phase:

Buildings and plant structures shall be designed for cyclone floods and seismic

events to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing

for storage of dangerous goods;

Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and

critical process water;

Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic

and storage and stacking locations;

Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to

facilitate safe access to fixed and mobile plant;

Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded

areas as per relevant standards;

Containment of hazardous materials;

Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of

prohibited items and control of onsite traffic; and

Development of emergency response management systems commensurate

with site specific hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue and first aid).

7.5 Disaster Management Plan

7.5.1 Disasters

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into

helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter,

medical and social care and other necessities of life.

Disasters can be divided into two main groups. In the first, are disasters resulting

from natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storm surges,

cyclones, tropical storms, floods, avalanches, landslides, forest fires. The second

group includes disastrous events occasioned by man, or by man's impact upon the

environment. Examples are armed conflict, industrial accidents, radiation accidents,

factory fires, explosions and escape of toxic gases or chemical substances, river

pollution, mining or other structural collapses, air, sea, rail and road transport

accidents which can reach catastrophic dimensions in terms of human loss.

There can be no set criteria for assessing the gravity of a disaster in the abstract

since this depends to a large extent on the physical, economic and social

environment in which it occurs. What would be consider a major disaster in a

developing country, ill equipped to cope with the problems involved, may not mean

more than a temporary emergency elsewhere. However, all disasters bring in their

wake similar consequences that call for immediate action, whether at the local,

national or international level, for the rescue and relief of the victims. This includes




the search for the dead and injured, medical and social care, removal of the debris,

the provision of temporary shelter for the homeless, food, clothing and medical

supplies, and the rapid re-establishment of essential services.

7.5.2 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan [DMP]

The Disaster Management Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of

environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage

operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the

Disaster Management Plan, it should be widely circulated and personnel trained

through rehearsals/drills.

The Disaster Management Plan should reflect the probable consequential severalties

of the undesired event due to deteriorating conditions or through 'Knock on' effects.

Further the management should be able to demonstrate that their assessment of

the consequences uses good supporting evidence and is based on currently

available and reliable information, incident data from internal and external sources

and if necessary the reports of out side agencies.

To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the plant or in the

immediate vicinity of the plant, a Disaster Management Plan has to be formulated.

The objective of the Industrial Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the

combined resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following:

Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties;

Safeguard other people;

Minimize damage to property and the environment;

Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;

Identify any dead;

Provide for the needs of relatives;

Provide authoritative information to the news media;

Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area; and

Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the

cause and circumstances of the Emergency.

In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue, rehabilitate and render

medical help and to restore normalcy.

7.5.3 Emergencies

For effective control and management of an emergency; an action plan and

organization hierarchy is prepared along with responsibilities. Action plan for

emergency management and critical incident recovery plan consists of following

factors:

Responsibility of employees about first information;

Responsibility of Chief Incident Controller (CIC);

Responsibility of Works Incident Controller (WIC);

Responsibilities of various teams constituted to deal with specific emergency

requirements; and

Responsibility of CIC for “All Clear” Signal.




Responsibility of Chief Incident Controller

The General Manager ,or Occupier who is designated as the Chief Incident

Controller, on receipt of information regarding the emergency inside the plant

premises will go to the Emergency Control Centre and will assume overall

responsibility for the factory/Storage site and its personnel. His responsibilities will

include:

1. Declaration of “Major Emergency” if he is satisfied that incident cannot be

controlled with routine operations. If he decides that a major emergency exits of is

likely, he should ensure that the emergency services have been called and that off-

site plan activated.

2. Depending on the circumstances, he should then;

Ensure that the key personnel are called in;

Exercise direct operational control of those parts of the works outside the

affected area;

Continually review and asses possible developments to determine the most

probable course of events;

Direct the shutting down of plants and their evacuation in consultation with

the Incident Controller and key personnel;

Ensure that casualties are receiving adequate attention. Arrange for additional

help if required. Ensure that relatives are informed;

In case of emergencies which involve risk to outside areas from windblown

materials, contact the local meteorological office to receive early notification

of impending changes in weather conditions;

Liaison with chief officer of the fire & police service and with the Health and

Safety executive; provide advice on possible effects on areas outside the

works; ensure the personnel are accounted for;

Control traffic movement within works;

Arrange for book of the emergency to be maintained.

Where the emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of site personnel

and the provision of catering facilities;

Issue authorized statement to the news media;

3 Assessment of the magnitude of the situation and to decide whether the

employees are to be evacuated from the assembly points to identified shelter

place.

4 Assessment of the magnitude of the situation and to decide whether the

employees are to be evacuated from the assembly points to identified shelter

place.

5 To consult and liaise with senior officials of the government like fire brigade,

police, medical and the factories inspector through appropriate team leaders and

on the basis of the recommendation of team leaders provide advice to authorities

on possible harmful effects to neighboring population, staying outside the factory

premises. The overall action will be under the leadership of district

administration.




6 To inform CEO about the details of the disaster and arrangement made by him to

prevent loss of lives/property.

7 To look after rehabilitation of affected persons on discontinuation of emergency.

8 To issues authority statement to news media and ensure evidence is preserved

for enquiry to be conduct by the statutory authorities.

9 The corporate office assistance shall be sought as and when required depending

upon the severity of the situation.

Responsibility of Work Incident Controller

The Additional General Manager and Factory Manager designed as the Work

Incident Controller on knowing about disaster, will immediately rush to the

incident site with appropriate safety measures.

1. As soon as he has been made aware of an incident the works incident

controller should asses its scale against predetermine criteria or emergency

reference levels, and decide whether a major emergency exists or is likely, if

so he should immediately activate the on-site plan and if necessary the off-

site emergency plan. He will also inform the CIC.

2. He should assume the duty of the Chief Incident Controller pending the

latter’s arrival, in particular to:

Ensure the emergency service have been called;

Direct the shutting down and evacuation of the other plant areas, etc.,

likely to be affected;

Ensure key personnel have been summoned.

3 His main function, however is to direct all operation at the scene of the

incident, e.g.

Rescue and firefighting operations, until the arrival of the fire brigade,

when he should hand over Control to a senior fire officer,

Search for casualties;

Evacuation of non-essential workers to assembly areas.

4 He should also:

Set-up communication points and establishes continuous contact with

Emergency Control Centre (i.e. UCR) to failure of electric supply and

thereby public address System (PAS) and internal telephones.

Give advice and information as requested to the emergency services;

Brief the Chief Incident Controller and keep him informed of

developments.

Issue instructions to shut down all operations within affected area taking

into consideration priorities for safety of personnel, minimum damage to

the plant, property and the environment.

Provide advice and information to the fire and security personnel in

consultation with concerned officials.




Ensure that all non-essential workers/staff and security of the affected

area have been evacuated to the safer places. 5 Reports all significant and development to CIC.

6 Will take action to preserve the evidence for the further enquiry into the

cause and circumstances which caused or escalated the emergeny.

First Information

The first person who observe /identifies the hazardous incident shall inform by

shouting and going /running to nearest telephone (but while doing so, he will ensure

that he is not entering into area of hazards) and he will telephone to following in

terms of priority:

To whom Intercom phone no. Landline (Off.)

Fire Station DSP 41000,41333 & 40333 0343-2583683

Security Gate No. -1 NSPCL(Main gate)

400 0343-2549814

Shift In-Charge 415 & 416 0343-2583496 0343-2005405

Further Responsibility for Communication of Disaster

The controller of the UCR shall immediately inform the disaster to

To whom Intercom phone no. Landline(off) Landline/Mobile(Res.)

AGM- Fire Services (DSP) 41000,41333 & 40333 0343-2583683 9434792038

A.C. -CISF 400 0343-2549814 9434531847

General Manager 101 0343-2574308 0343-2575691 9434713738

Safety officials 407 0343-2549810 (Ext.) – 407

9434080470

Making the Emergency Known inside the Plant

The major emergency will be made known to everyone inside the plant by

sounding and /resounding the siren;

Separate alarms to warn of different types of major emergency such as

fire/Collapse of structure or toxic gas release are provide. Same alarm can be

used with different numbers of times as described here below; and

Public Address System is also available throughout the plant at every location. It

may also be used for this purpose.

7.5.3.1 General Industrial Emergencies

The emergencies that could be envisaged in the plant and fuel storage are as

follows:

A situation of fire at the hydrogen plant;

A situation of fire at the tank farm of all storages;

Slow isolated fires;

Fast spreading fires;

Structural failures;

Contamination of food/water; and

Sabotage/Social disorder.




7.5.3.2 Specific Emergencies Anticipated

Fire and Explosion

Fire consequences can be disastrous, since they involve huge quantities of fuel

either stored or in dynamic inventory in pipelines or in nearby areas. Preliminary

hazard analysis has provided a basis for consequence estimation. Estimation can be

made by using various pool fire, tank fire consequence calculations. During the

study of risk assessment, the nature of damages is worked out and probability of

occurrence of such hazards is also drawn up.

7.5.4 Emergency Organization

It is recommended to setup an Emergency Organization. A senior executive who has

control over the affairs of the plant should lead the Emergency Organization. He

shall be designated as Site Controller. General Manager [O & M] can be designated

as the Incident Controller. In the case of stores, utilities, open areas, which are not

under the control of the Production Heads, Senior Executive responsible for

maintenance of utilities would be designated as Incident Controller. All the Incident

Controllers would be reporting to the Site Controller.

Each Incident Controller, for himself, organizes a team responsible for controlling

the incidence with the personnel under his control. Shift-in-charge would be the

reporting officer, who would bring the incidence to the notice of the Incidence

Controller and Site Controller.

Emergency Co-ordinators would be appointed who would undertake the

responsibilities like firefighting, rescue, rehabilitation, transport and provide

essential and support services. For this purposes, Security In-charge, Personnel

Department, Essential services personnel should be engaged. All these personnel

would be designated as Key personnel.

In each shift, electrical supervisor, electrical fitters, pump house in-charge, and

other maintenance staff would be drafted for emergency operations. In the event of

power or communication system failure, some of staff members in the office/plant

offices would be drafted and their services would be utilized as messengers for quick

passing of communications. All these personnel would be declared as essential

personnel.

7.5.4.1 Emergency Communication

Whoever notices an emergency situation such as fire, growth of fire, leakage etc

should inform his immediate superior and Emergency Control Center. A place nearer

to the Gate House Complex shall be identified as Emergency Control Center. The

person on-duty in the Emergency Control Center should appraise the Site Controller.

Site Controller verifies the situation from the Incident Controller of that area or the

Shift In-charge and takes a decision about an impending On Site Emergency. This

would be communicated to all the Incident Controllers, Emergency Co-ordinators.

Simultaneously, the emergency warning system would be activated on the

instructions of the Site Controller.




7.5.5 Emergency Responsibilities

Works Incident Controller and other works personnel will have the key role to play

in providing advice and in implementing the decisions made by the Chief Incident

Controller (CIC).The key Personnel include the following:

a. Sr. Super dent. , Manager, Engineer-In-Charge responsible

Mechanical Maintenance;

Electrical Maintenance;

Control & Instruments; and

Chemical.

b. Head of personnel and officer connected with Industrial Relation and welfare

DGM (Tech. Services);

Safety officer;

Assistant Commandant (CISF);

Support Team-I (For CIC); and

Support Team-II (For WIC).

If necessary above personnel will decide the actions needed to shut down plants,

evacuate, personnel, Carryout emergency engineering works, arrange of supplies of

equipments, personnel etc., carryout atmosphere tests, provide catering facilities,

liaison with police, informing relatives of the victims, press media etc.

7.5.5.1 Essential Staff

For the plants immediately affected or likely to be affected as decided by the Chief

Incident Controller/Works Incident Controller, efforts will be made for stepwise shut

down of the plant and to make process units safe. This work will be carried out by

plant supervisors and essential operators provided. They can do the same without

exposing themselves to undue risk. The following employees will also be required

to help in the above works:

Attendants;

First Aid;

Personnel for emergency engineering work such as for providing extra lighting

by passing of works etc;

Personnel acting as runners in case are communication difficulties;

Personnel for transporting equipments to the incident site from other parts of

the works; and

Personnel for maintaining plant entrance, in liaison with police, to direct

emergency vehicles to control traffic leaving the plant and to turn away or

make alternate arrangement for visitors and other traffic arriving at the plant.

It is the responsibility of the Works Incident Controller (WIC) to identify the above

essential staff and from a Task Force, which will report at defined location so that

they can be readily contacted. It is also the responsibility of the Works Incident

Controller to remove all non-essential staff to assembly points.




The teams along with their responsibilities and the list of their members constituted

to support CIC and WIC in effective management of an emergency situation are

detailed in the below sections.

7.5.5.2 Responsibilities of Emergency Team Members

Task Force Team

Team leader: D. Chattopadhyay

Responsibility

To identify source of hazard and try to neutralize or contain it;

To isolate remaining plant & keep that in safe condition;

To organize safe shutdown of plant, if necessary;

To organize all support services like operation of fire pump, sprinkler sys. Etc;

Any other responsibility as decided by team leader, looking into the

circumstances at the time of the disaster.

Maintenance Team

Team Leader: Ashok Chaterjee

Responsibility

Attend all emergency maintenance jobs on top priority;

To take steps to contain or reduce the level of hazard created due to disaster.

To organize additional facilities as desired.

Any Other responsibility as decided by Team Leader, looking into the

circumstances at the time of the disaster

Security Team

Team Leader: S.K. Kundu

Responsibility

Man all gates;

To bar entry of unauthorized persons & non Essential staff;

To permit with minimum delay the entry of authorized personnel and outside

agencies, vehicles etc. Who have comes to help;

To allow the ambulance /evacuation vehicles etc. to go through the gates with

security escorts; and



Administrative Team Member

Team leader: G. Mitra




Responsibility

To deploy team members for evacuating personnel from assembly point;

To rescue the causality on priority basis;

To transport causalities to medical centre;

To account the personnel;

To help in search for missing personnel;

To pass information to the kith & kin of fatal or serious injured persons; and



Safety Team

Team Leader: Tapan Nandi

Responsibility

To arrange required safety equipment;

To measure gas concentration in case of leakage at various places;

To guide authorities on all safety related issues;

To record accidents details;

To collect and preserve evidence in connection with accident enquiries;

To report accidents to statutory authorities and corporate centre; and


circumstances at the time of the disaster

Medical Team

Team Leader: Asit Das

Responsibility

To arrange first aid material /stretchers immediately and reach;

To site of incident along with one doctor and one paramedical staff;

To arrange immediate medical attention;

To arrange for sending the casualties to various hospitals and nursing homes

etc;

To ask specific medical assistance from outside including specialists in

consultation With CIC/WIC; and



7.5.5.3 Support Team-I

The head of personnel department, the head of materials department and the head

of finance are the members of this team.

Head of Personnel

Contact Statutory authorities;

Arrange for relievers and catering facilities;

Giving information to the media;




Arranging shelters for affected persons;

Help media department in contacting medical centers and nurshing home;

Proving all other support, as necessary; and

Any other responsibility as given by CIC.

Head of Materials

Arranging for urgently required materials through cash purchase or whatever

means;


Head of Finance

Arranging fund for various relief measures as well as emergency purchase of

materials, sending his representative for emergency purchase.


7.5.5.4 Support Team-II

The team to WIC will consist of:

Manager (Industrial Relation);

Sr. Superintendent (Operation);

Superintendent (Operation); and

DGM (Electrical Maintenance).

This team will assist the WIC in manning communication and passing instruction

to the team or any other responsibility as given by WIC. The team may call any

and /or more persons depending upon the need.

7.5.5.5 Incident Controller

Assembles the incident control team;

Directs operations within the affected areas with the priorities for safety to

personnel minimize damage to the plant, property and environment and

minimize the loss of materials;

Directs the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas likely to be

adversely affected by the emergency;

Ensures that key personnel help is sought;

Provides advice and information to the Fire and Security Officer and the Local

Fire Services as and when they arrive;

Ensures that all non-essential workers/staff of the affected areas are evacuated

to the appropriate assembly points, and the areas are searched for casualties;

Has regard to the need for preservation of evidence so as to facilitate any

inquiry into the causes and circumstances, which caused or escalated the

emergency;

Co-ordinates with emergency services at the site;

Provides tools and safety equipment to the team members;

Keeps in touch with the team and advices them regarding the method of control

to be used; and

Keeps the Site Controller of Emergency informed of the progress being made.




7.5.5.6 Emergency Coordinator - Rescue, Fire Fighting

On knowing about emergency, rushes to ECC;

Helps the Incident Controller in containment of the emergency;

Ensure fire pumps are in operating condition and instructs pump house operator

to ready for any emergency with standby arrangement;

Guides the fire fighting crew i.e. firemen, trained plant personnel and security

staff;

Organizes shifting the fire fighting facilities to the emergency site, if required;

Takes guidance of the Incident Controller for fire fighting as well as assesses the

requirements of outside help;

Arranges to control the traffic at the gate and the incident area;

Directs the security staff to the incident site to take part in the emergency

operations under his guidance and supervision;

Evacuates the people in the plant or in the nearby areas as advised by Site

Controller;

Searches for casualties and arranges proper aid for them;

Assembles search and evacuation team;

Arranges for safety equipment for the members of this team;

Decides which paths the evacuated workers should follow; and

Maintains law and order in the area, and if necessary seeks the help of police.

7.5.5.7 Emergency Coordinator-Medical, Mutual Aid, Rehabilitation, Transport and

Communication

In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby internal telephone, sets up

communication point and establishes contact with the ECC;

Organizes medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the injured

to near by hospitals;

Mobilizes extra medical help from outside, if necessary;

Keeps a list of qualified first aid providers for the plant and seeks their

assistance;

Maintains first aid and medical emergency requirements;

Makes sure that all safety equipment is made available to the emergency team;

Assists Site Controller with necessary data to coordinate the emergency

activities;

Assists Site Controller in updating emergency plan, organizing mock drills,

verification of inventory of emergency facilities and furnishing report to Site

Controller;

Maintains liaison with Civil Administration;

Ensures availability of canteen facilities and maintenance of rehabilitation center.

Liaises with Site Controller/Incident Controller;

Ensures transportation facility;

Ensures availability of necessary cash for rescue/rehabilitation and emergency

expenditure;

Controls rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation of emergency; and

Makes available diesel/petrol for transport vehicles engaged in emergency

operation.




7.5.5.8 Emergency Coordinator - Essential Services

Assists Site Controller and Incident Controller;

Maintains essential services like Diesel Generator, Water, Fire Water,

Compressed Air/Instrument Air, power supply for lighting;

Plans alternate facilities in the event of power failure, to maintain essential

services such as lighting, etc;

Organizes separate electrical connections for all utilities and emergency services

so that in the event of emergency or fires, essential services and utilities are not

affected;

Gives necessary instructions regarding emergency electrical supply, isolation of

certain sections etc. to shift in-charge and electricians; and

Ensures availability of adequate quantities of protective equipment and other

emergency materials, spares etc.

7.5.5.9 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency

During an emergency, which becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an

emergency warning is raised, the workers who are in-charge of process equipment

should adopt safe and emergency shut down and attend to any prescribed duty as

essential employee. If no such responsibility is assigned, he should adopt a safe

course to assembly point and await instructions. He should not resort to spreading

panic. On the other hand, he must assist emergency personnel towards meeting the

objectives of DMP.

7.5.6 Emergency Facilities

7.5.6.1 Emergency Control Center (ECC)

The following information and equipment are to be provided at the Emergency

Control Center (ECC).

Intercom, telephone;

P and T telephone;

Self contained breathing apparatus;

Fire suit/gas tight goggles/gloves/helmets;

Hand tools, wind direction/velocities indications;

Public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories (internal, P and T)

Plant layout, site plan;

Emergency lamp/torch light/batteries;

Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, sources of

safety equipment, work road plan, assembly points, rescue location vulnerable

zones, escape routes;

Hazard chart;

Emergency shut-down procedures;

Nominal roll of employees;

List of key personnel, list of essential employees, list of Emergency

Coordinators;

Duties of key

personnel;




Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, emergency coordinator,

essential employees; and

Important address and telephone numbers including Government agencies,

neighboring industries and sources of help, outside experts, fuel fact sheets and

population details around the factory.

7.5.6.2 Assembly Point

Number of assembly points, depending upon the plant location, would be identified

wherein employees who are not directly connected with the disaster management

would be assembled for safety and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus,

minimum facilities like water etc would be organized.

In view of the size of plant, different locations would be ear marked as assembly

points. Depending upon the location of hazard, the assembly points are to be used.

7.5.6.3 Fire Fighting Facilities

Fire Detection System

a) Smoke Detector;

b) Temperature Detector; and

c) Gas Leakage Detector.

Fire Protection Systems

The plant protected against fire hazard by the following protection systems;

a) Fire hydrant System;

b) Sprinkler Systems for coal convey or belts and cable galleries;

c) Deluge water spray and emulsifier protection system for the transformer;

d) Fire alarm / detector system at various control room; and

e) Portable and mobile first aid fire extinguishers and Fire Tenders.

Fire Fighting Installation

Fire Pump House: Sump Capacity, Feeding Source by common FFS

Fire Pump Main Pump (Electrical) 2 Nos Capacity 273 M3/ Hr. Discharge Pr. 7.5 Kg/cm2 Main pump (diesel) 2 Nos. Capacity 273 M3/ Hr. Discharge Pr. 7.5 Kg/cm2 Jockey pump 1No.Capacity 11M3/ Hr. Discharge Pr. 7.7 Kg/cm2

Fire Hydrant System No. of Hydrant 102 Nos Discharge Pr. 7.00 Kg/cm2 Feeding from common cooling water channel

Water spray system Water spray system is provided for Cable galleries

Mulsifire System Mulsifire (high velocity water spray system) has been provided for fire protection of Transformers. Capacity 273 M3/ Hr. Discharge Pr. 7.5 Kg/cm2

Halon Local Application System Halon Local Application system has been provided for fire protection of Cable galleries/control rooms

Fire Fighting Equipment Total 82 Nos CO2- 40 Nos. DP-13 Nos Foam-16 Nos Water-13 Nos




Fire Fighting Appliance

Water Tender 6Nos Tank Capacity 2700 Ltrs

Foam Tender 2Nos. Water Tank Capacity 3200 Ltrs

Portable pump 1No

Breathing Apparatus Set 5 Nos

Fire Entry Shoes 2 Nos

High Expansion Foam (Generator/Extractor) 1No

7.5.6.4 Location of Wind Sock

Wind socks shall be installed at appropriate places in the plant to indicate direction

of wind for emergency escape.

7.5.6.5 Emergency Medical Facilities

Stretchers, gas masks and general first-aid materials for dealing with chemical

burns, fire burns etc would be maintained in the medical center as well as in the

emergency control room. Medical superintendent of the medical center will be the

head of the casualty services ward. Private medical practitioners help would be also

be sought. Government hospital would be approached for emergency help.

Apart from plant first aid facilities, external facilities would be augmented. Names of

Medical Personnel, Medical facilities in the area would be prepared and updated.

Necessary specific medicines for emergency treatment of Patient’s Burns would be

maintained.

Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment would be provided

and maintained. Also, the help of nearby industries would be taken on mutual

support basis.

7.5.6.6 Ambulance

Availability of an ambulance with driver in all the shifts would be ensured to

transport injured or affected persons. Number of persons would be trained in first

aid so that, in every shift first aid personnel would be available.

7.5.7 Emergency Actions

7.5.7.1 Emergency Warning

The emergency would be communicated both to the personnel inside the plant and

the people outside. An emergency warning system shall be established for this

purpose.

7.5.7.2 Emergency Shutdown

There are number of facilities, which can be provided to help deal with hazardous

conditions, when a tank is on fire. The suggested arrangements are:

1. Stop feed;

2. Dilute contents;




3. Remove heat;

4. Deluge with water; and

5. Transfer contents.

Whether a given method is appropriate depends on the particular case.

7.5.7.3 Evacuation of Personnel

There could be a number of persons in the storage area and other areas in the

vicinity. The area would have adequate number of exits, staircases. In the event of

an emergency, unconnected personnel have to escape to assembly point. Operators

have to take emergency shutdown procedure and escape. Time Office shall maintain

a copy of deployment of employees in each shift at ECC. If necessary, persons can

be evacuated by rescue teams.

7.5.7.4 All Clear Signal

Also, at the end of an emergency, after discussing with Incident Controllers and

Emergency Co-ordinators, the Site Controller orders an all clear signal. When it

becomes essential, the Site Controller communicates to the District Emergency

Authority, Police, Fire Service personnel regarding help required or development of

the situation into an Off-Site Emergency. The on-site emergency organization chart

for various emergencies is shown in Figure-7.3.

7.5.8 General

7.5.8.1 Employee Information

During an emergency, employees would be warned by raising siren in specific

pattern. Employees would be given training of escape routes and taking shelter.

Employees would be provided with information related to fire hazards, antidotes and

first aid measures. Those who would be designated as key personnel and essential

employees should be given training for emergency response.

7.5.8.2 Public Information and Warning

The industrial disaster effects related to this plant may mostly be confined to the

plant area. The detailed risk analysis has indicated that the pool fire effects would

not be felt outside. However, as an abundant precaution, the information related to

fuels in use would be furnished to District Emergency Authority for necessary

dissemination to general public and for any use during an off site emergency. Plants

of this size and nature have been in existence in our country for a long time.

7.5.8.3 Co-ordination with Local Authorities

Keeping in view of the nature of emergency, two levels of coordination are

proposed. In the case of an On Site Emergency, resources within the organization

would be mobilized and in the event extreme emergency local authorities help

would be sought.




In the event of an emergency developing into an off site emergency, local authority

and District Emergency Authority (normally the Collector) would be appraised and

under his supervision, the Off Site Disaster Management Plan would be exercised.

For this purpose, the facilities that are available locally, i.e. medical, transport,

personnel, rescue accommodation, voluntary organizations etc would be mustered.

Necessary rehearsals and training in the form of mock drills would be organized.

7.5.8.4 Mutual Aid

Mutual aid in the form of technical personnel, runners, helpers, special protective

equipment, transport vehicles, communication facility etc would be sought from the

neighboring industries.

7.5.8.5 Mock Drills

Emergency preparedness is an important part of planning in Industrial Disaster

Management. Personnel would be trained suitably and prepared mentally and

physically in emergency response through carefully planned, simulated procedures.

Similarly, the key personnel and essential personnel would be trained in the

operations.

7.5.8.6 Important Information

Once the Plant goes on stream, important information such names and addresses of

key personnel, essential employees, medical personnel outside the plant,

transporters address, address of those connected with Off Site Emergency such as

Police, Local Authorities, Fire Services, District Emergency Authority would be

prepared and maintained.

7.6 Off-site Emergency Preparedness Plan

The task of preparing the Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the District Collector;

however the off-site plan will be prepared with the help of the local district

authorities. The proposed plan will be based on the following guidelines.

7.6.1 Introduction

Off-site emergency plan would follow the on-site emergency plan. When the

consequences of an emergency situation go beyond the plant boundaries, it

becomes an off-site emergency. Off-site emergency is essentially the responsibility

of the public administration. However, the plant management will provide the public

administration with the technical information relating to the nature, quantum and

probable consequences on the neighboring population.

The off-site plan in detail will be based on those events, which are most likely to

occur, but other less likely events, which have severe consequence, will also be

considered. Incidents which have very severe consequences yet have a small

probability of occurrence would also be considered during the preparation of the

plan. However, the key feature of a good off-site emergency plan is flexibility in its

application to emergencies other than those specifically included in the formation of

the plan.




FIGURE-7.3

ON-SITE EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION CHART




The roles of the various parties who will be involved in the implementation of an off-

site plan are described below. Depending on local arrangements, the responsibility

for the off-site plan would either rest with the plant management or with the local

authority. Either way, the plan would identify an emergency coordinating officer,

who would take the overall command of the off-site activities. As with the on-site

plan, an emergency control center would be setup within which the emergency

coordinating officer can operate.

An early decision will be required in many cases on the advice to be given to

people living "within range" of the accident - in particular whether they should be

evacuated or told to go indoors. In the latter case, the decision can regularly be

reviewed in the event of an escalation of the incident. Consideration of evacuation

may include the following factors:

In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. an oil storage tank),

only houses close to the fire are likely to need evacuation, although a severe

smoke hazard may require this to be reviewed periodically; and

If a fire is escalating and in turn threatening a store of hazardous material, it

might be necessary to evacuate people nearby, but only if there is time; if

insufficient time exists, people should be advised to stay indoors and shield

themselves from the fire. This later case particularly applies if the installation at

risk could produce a fireball with very severe thermal radiation effects.

Although the plan will have sufficient flexibility built in to cover the consequences of

the range of accidents identified for the on-site plan, it will cover in some detail the

handling of the emergency to a particular distance from each major hazard works.

7.6.2 Aspects Proposed to be considered in the Off-Site Emergency Plan

The main aspects, which should be included in the emergency plan are:

Organization

Detail of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures,

emergency control centers.

Names and appointments of incident controller, site main controller, their deputies

and other key personnel.

Communications

Identification of personnel involved, communication center, call signs, network, list

of telephone numbers.

Specialized Knowledge

Details of specialist bodies, firms and people upon whom it may be necessary to call

e.g. those with specialized fuel knowledge, laboratories etc.




Voluntary Organizations

Details of organizers, telephone numbers, resources etc.

Fuel Information

Details of the hazardous substances stored and a summary of the risk associated

with them.

Meteorological Information

Arrangements for obtaining details of weather forecasts and weather conditions

prevailing at that time.

Humanitarian Arrangements

Transport, evacuation centers, emergency feeding, treatment of injured, first aid,

ambulances and temporary mortuaries.

Public Information

Arrangements for (a) Dealing with the media press office; (b) Informing relatives,

etc.

Assessment of Emergency Plan

Arrangements for:

(a) Collecting information on the causes of the emergency; and

(b) Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan.

7.6.3 Role of the Emergency Co-ordinating Officer

The various emergency services would be co-ordinated by an Emergency

Coordinating Officer (ECO), who will be designated by the district collector. The ECO

would liaison closely with the site main controller. Again depending on local

arrangements, for very severe incidents with major or prolonged off-site

consequences, the external control would be passed to a senior local authority

administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state

government. The ECO will be equipped with address and phone numbers of

important agencies.

7.6.4 Role of the Local Authority

The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The emergency

planning officer (EPO) appointed should carry out his duty in preparing for a whole

range of different emergencies within the local authority area. The EPO should

liaison with the plant, to obtain the information to provide the basis for the plan.

This liaison should ensure that the plan is continually kept upto date.

It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organizations which

will be involved off site in handling the emergency, know of their role and are able

to accept it by having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to




cover their particular responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans should be

organized by the EPO.

7.6.5 Role of Police

Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and property

and controlling traffic movements.

Their functions should include controlling bystanders, evacuating the public,

identifying the dead and dealing with casualties, and informing relatives of death or

injury.

7.6.6 Role of Fire Authorities

The control of a fire should be normally the responsibility of the senior fire brigade

officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the site incident controller

on arrival at the site. The senior fire brigade officer should also have a similar

responsibility for other events, such as explosions. Fire authorities in the region

should be apprised about the location of all stores of flammable materials, water

and foam supply points, and fire-fighting equipment. They should be involved in on-

site emergency rehearsals both as participants and, on occasion, as observers of

exercises involving only site personnel.

7.6.7 Role of Health Authorities

Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, ambulances and so on,

should have a vital part to play following a major accident, and they should form an

integral part of the emergency plan.

For major fires, injuries should be the result of the effects of thermal radiation to a

varying degree, and the knowledge and experience to handle this in all but extreme

cases may be generally available in most hospitals.

Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities

additional to those available locally, and a medical "mutual aid” scheme should exist

to enable the assistance of neighboring authorities to be obtained in the event of an

emergency.

7.6.8 Role of Government Safety Authority

This will be the factory inspectorate available in the region. Inspectors are likely to

satisfy themselves that the organization responsible for producing the off-site plan

has made adequate arrangements for handling emergencies of all types including

major emergencies. They may wish to see well-documented procedures and

evidence of exercise undertaken to test the plan.

In the event of an accident, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory

inspector will apply. These may vary from keeping a watching brief to a close

involvement in advising on operations.

The action plan suggested for control of the off-site emergencies is given in Table-

7.17.




TABLE-7.17

OFF-SITE ACTION PLAN

Sr. No.

Action Required to be taken to Mitigate Disaster by Aid giving

agency

Responsible Agencies for taking action

Equipments/Material facilities required at site to mitigate Emergency

A 1 Arrangements for evacuation/ rescue of persons from zone of influence to predetermined camps

Police Department

Self Breathing apparatus with spare cylinder Chemical gas mask with spare canister Vehicle with PA system Transportation for evacuation of people

2 Caution to public by announcement

3 Traffic and Mob control by cordoning of the area

4 Law & order

5 Request to railway authority for keeping the nearest by railway gate open & to stop the up & down trains at the nearest railway station

B Control of fire District Fire Brigade

Self breathing apparatus with spare cylinders Foam/water fire tenders Gas mask with spare canisters Lime water Neck to toe complete asbestos suit, PVC hand gloves, gumboots, safety goggles Mobile scrubbing system

along with suction arrangement.

1 Scrubbing of the flashed off gas cloud with water curtain

2 To rescue trapped persons

3 If fire is big, keep surrounding area cool by spraying water

4 Communication to State Electricity Board to continue or cut off electric supply

5 Communication to water supply department for supplying water

C Medical facilities for affected persons (first aid and treatment)

Hospital and public health

Ambulance with onboard resuscitation unit, first aid, stretchers

D Identification of concentration of gas in zone of influence

Pollution Control Board

Gas detector

E Removal of debris and damaged structures

Municipal corporation

Provide bulldozers Provide cranes

F 1 Monitor the incoming and out going transports

Transport department

Provide traffic police at site Provide emergency shifting vehicles at site Provide stock of fuel for vehicles

2 Arrange emergency shifting of affected persons and non affected person to specified area

3 Arrange diesel/petrol for needed vehicles

G 1 Give all information related to meteorological aspects for safe handling of affected area for living beings

Meteorological Department

Provide wind direction and velocity instruments with temperature measurements Mobile van for meteorological parameter measurements

2 Forecast important weather changes, if any

H1 Representatives of all departments are in the local crisis group; therefore they are expected to render services available with them. Since it is a group of experts with authority, the mitigating measures can be implemented speedily. The representatives from locals are also there so that communication with local people is easy and quick.

Local Crises Group

Must have all resources at hand, specially disaster management plan and its implementation method. All relevant information related to hazardous industry shall available with crisis group Newspaper editor shall be a part of the group so that right and timely media release can be done

2 The district emergency or disaster control officer / collector shall be the president and he shall do mock drill etc so that action can be taken in right direction in




Sr. No.

Action Required to be taken to Mitigate Disaster by Aid giving

agency

Responsible Agencies for taking action

Equipments/Material facilities required at site to mitigate Emergency

time

I 1 Collector shall be the President of District Crisis Group therefore all district infrastructure facilities are diverted to affected zone

District Crisis Group

All necessary facilities available at district can be made available at affected zone Control of law and order situation

2 All other functions as mentioned for local crisis group

7.7 Occupational Health and Safety

For large industries, where multifarious activities are involved during construction,

erection, testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance; the men, materials

and machines are the basic inputs. Along with the boons, industrialization generally

brings several problems like occupational health and safety.

The industrial planner, therefore, has to properly plan and take steps to minimize

the impacts of industrialization and to ensure appropriate occupational health and

safety including fire plans. All these activities again may be classified under

construction and erection, and operation and maintenance.

7.7.1 Occupational Health

Occupational health needs attention both during construction and erection and

operation and maintenance phases. However, the problem varies both in magnitude

and variety in the above phases.

Construction and Erection

The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to

constructional accident and noise. To overcome these hazards, in addition to

arrangements to reduce it within TLV's, necessary protective equipments shall be

supplied to workers.

Operation and Maintenance

The problem of occupational health, in the operation and maintenance phase is

primarily due to noise which could affect hearing. The necessary personal protective

equipments will be given to all the workers. The working personnel shall be given

the following appropriate personnel protective equipments.

Industrial Safety Helmet;

Crash Helmets;

Face shield with replacement acrylic vision;

Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends;

Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue color glasses;

Welders equipment for eye and face protection;

Cylindrical type earplug;

Ear muffs;

Canister Gas mask;

Self contained breathing apparatus;

Leather apron;




Boiler suit;

Safety belt/line man's safety belt;

Leather hand gloves;

Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves;

Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm;

Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves; and

Industrial safety shoes with steel toe and fiber toe (electrical).

Full-fledged hospital facilities shall be available round the clock for attending

emergency arising out of accidents, if any. All working personnel shall be medically

examined at least once in every year and at the end of his term of employment.

This is in addition to the pre-employment medical examination.

7.7.2 Safety Plan

Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of

concern. Safety plan shall be prepared and implemented in the proposed power

plant. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is

known as emergency plan. The disaster in the plant is possible due to collapse of

structures and fire/explosion etc.

Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and

maintenance phases, the power plant would formulate safety policy with the

following regulations:

To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work;

To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in

the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and

equipment;

To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees;

To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and

clothing and to ensure their proper use;

To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their

work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety;

To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making

necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and

upto date knowledge;

To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and

illness at work;

To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to

employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is

given to these matters;

To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate

fire fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this

service;

To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness

and incident involving people injury or injury to health with a view to taking

corrective, remedial and preventive action;

To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and

safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees;

To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language




of employees;

To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/processes involved

in a plant; and

To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals

of all buildings, equipments, work places and operations.

7.7.3 Safety Organization

Construction and Erection Phase

A qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed. The responsibilities of

the safety officer include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts

of workers and advise on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training

programs and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to

occupational safety and health. He is also responsible to ensure compliance of

Safety Rules/ Statutory Provisions. In addition to employment of safety officer by

industry, every contractor, who employs more than 250 workers, shall also employ

one safety officer to ensure safety of the worker, in accordance with the conditions

of contract.

Operation and Maintenance Phase

When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers shall be in

accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and

responsibilities shall be as defined there of.

7.7.4 Safety Circle

In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of

hazardous processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be

constituted in each area of work. The circle would consist of 5-6 employees from

that area. The circle normally shall meet for about an hour every week.

7.7.5 Safety Training

A full-fledged training center shall be set up at the plant. Safety training shall be

provided by the Safety Officers with the assistance of faculty members called from

Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees,

limited contractor labors shall also be provided safety training. To create safety

awareness safety films shall be shown to workers and leaflets shall be distributed.

Some precautions and remedial measures proposed to be adopted to prevent fires

are:

Compartmentation of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable

passages and crevices in all directions would help in localizing and identifying the

area of occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual fire

fighting operations;

Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for

cable shafts;

Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and




interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries;

Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and

regular fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting; and

Proper fire watching by all concerned would be ensured.

7.7.6 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan

The health of all employees shall be monitored once in a year for early detection of

any ailment due to exposure to heat and noise.

7.8 Involvement of Outside Agencies

If an accident takes place in NSPCL-Durgapur units and its effects are felt outside its

premises, the situation thus created is called and OFF-Site emergency. In this

situation it is no longer remains the concern of the factory management alone but

also becomes a concern for the general public living outside. To meet such

situations, OFF-Site emergency plans are to be prepared as stipulated and put into

operation as & when required.

Off-Site emergency management plan is to be prepared by the government

authorities, not by the occupiers of NSPCL-Durgapur Unit. It is mandatory under

rule 14 of the MS&IHC rules 1989 for district authorities to prepare an off-Site

emergency management plan in respect of industry involving hazardous chemicals

or at locations where accidents are likely have an Off-Site adverse effect.

This section of the plan details how emergency related to major accidents inside the

plan should be dealt with, by the concerned district authorities. Wherever required

the concerned district authority can consult the General Manager and /or other

persons who would be concerned with the execution of emergency management

plan. The management of NSPCL-Durgapur shall provide all necessary information

to the concerned district authorities related to its industrial activities under their

respective control.

7.8.1 Types of Accidents

The following conditions can contribute and should be noted by all concerned in

respect of the accidents which can demand involvement of outside agencies:

1. Major fire involving combustible material like LDO (light Diesel Oil) storage and

or/Coal.

7.8.2 Emergency Due to Storage of Flammable/Explosive Material

Major fire in the storage tanks of LDO;

Major fire in the Coal Handling Plant.

Note: The outside agencies will be involved for the emergency situation which has

potential to cause impacts beyond the plant premises. The hydrogen used in turbo

generator coolers impacts beyond the plant premises. The hydrogen used in turbo




generator coolers is stored and /or handled in small quantities. Thus the emergency

situations due to hydrogen storage or handling have not been considered for the

involvement of any outside agencies.

7.8.3 Communication

The efficient communication system is required to alert the outside agencies. An

efficient and reliable communication system is the key to the success of the

emergency management operation. Communication flow chart is given in Figure-

7.4.

7.8.4 Public Information

The people of the area and large number of media representatives would like to

know about the situation from time to time and respond of the District authority to

the crisis. It is important to give timely credible information to the public in order to

prevent panic and rumor. The spread of emergency public information could be

carried out in following three phases with the support of relation department of

industry and the district.

a) Before the Crisis

This will include the safety procedure to be followed during an emergency

through poster, talks and mass media in different languages including local

languages. Leaflets containing Do’s/Don’ts should be circulated to educate the

people in the vicinity. It can be done jointly by the head of NSPCL-Durgapur

and the District Crisis Group.

b) During the Crisis

Dissemination of information about the nature of the incidents, action taken

and instructions to the public about protective measures to be taken

evacuation, etc. are the important steps during this phase. It should always

be carried out under the guidance of the DCG.

c) After the Crisis

1. Attention should be focused on restoration of essential services on priority.

2. Various tasks of the public information system could include:

3. Quick dissemination of important information on emergency situations and

respond meticulously.

4. Obtain current information from the central Control Room.

5. Prepare news releases.

6. Maintain contact with hospital and get information about the casualties.




FIGURE 7.4

COMMUNICATION NETWORK




7.8.5 Warning

However depending upon the nature of hazards and the area affected, concerned

district authority may explore the use of other method of warning if required. The

details of these methods are as follows:

1. Out-door warning sirens.

2. Public address system with police.

3. Sirens.

4. Mass media

5. Door to door visit by civil defense personnel

6. Telephonic contact with schools and other organization /public institution.

7. Information to be provided at common gathering places such as canteens,

shops, etc

It is responsibility of the plant management to communicate the details of alarms

and warning system to all concerned. The District crisis Group will take steps on

types of warning to all concerned.

7.8.6 Emergency Contact Number

Emergency contact numbers is given in Table-7.18.

TABLE-7.18

EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBER

Sr. No. Description BSNL/Mobile Fax

1 Fire station-DSP 0343-2583683 40333

41333

2 Plant medical-DSP 0343-2570616 41405

41406

3 OHS centre –NSPCL 0343-2549810 436

4 Shift in charge unit

Control room

0343-2005405 415

416

5 Electrical control

Room-NSPCL

0343-2549810 419

6 Safety department 0343-2549810 407

7 Security gate no.1-NSPCL 0343-2741891 400

8 Security main gate-DSP 0343-2740323 40323

9 Security gate no.02-DSP 0343-2741384 41384



Project Benefits


8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed power project will result in improvement of infrastructure as well as

overall socio-economic development in the area. The people residing in the

nearby areas will be benefited directly and or indirectly due to the proposed

power project. It is anticipated that the proposed power project will provide

benefits for the locals in two phases i.e. during construction phase as well as

during operational stage of the power project

8.1 Construction Phase

During construction phase, the proposed power project will benefit the region in

following manner:

8.1.1 Employment generation

The proposed power project will generate employment opportunities to the local

populace during construction phase.

The total manpower requirement during construction is about 150 people. This

will last for approximately six months. Unskilled/semi-skilled labour for the plant

would be drawn locally or from nearby places. The employment of local personnel

in skilled and executive staff category will depend on availability and suitability of

individuals.

In addition to the direct employment in the construction of power project, an

indirect employment will generate in truck transport operation, repair garages,

other ancillary units, markets/shops etc.

8.1.2 Transportation

During Construction of power project, movement of material of great magnitude,

other construction material and construction machinery will be involved. The

materials to be transported include concrete, steel and other materials. Transport

of construction materials to the project site will result in increased traffic in the

area, the existing road network will support the increased load.

8.1.3 Demography and Socio-economics

As the labours / workmen are generally un-skilled, the locals will get

opportunities for employment during construction activities. Construction and

operational phase some in-migration will happen. They need shelters because of

that local people will earn some money through rent from migrated people. In

addition to the opportunity of getting employment as construction laborers, the

local population also would get have employment opportunities in related service

activities like petty commercial establishments, small contracts/sub-contracts and

supply of construction materials for buildings and ancillary infrastructures etc.

Consequently, this may lead to economic up-liftment of the area.



Project Benefits


8.2 Operational Phase

8.2.1 Employment

The total manpower requirement during operation phase is estimated to be 70

people excluding contract labour required for auxiliary services like loading of

materials, unloading of stores and miscellaneous materials and general cleaning

work and security. Unskilled/semi-skilled labour for the plant will be drawn locally

or from nearby places.

8.2.2 Anticipated/ Expected Impact on Socio- Economics

� The proposed project is expected to create full time as well as part time job

opportunities to the local population through direct and indirect employment.

� The living conditions are expected to improve due to improvement in income

levels.

� The food security is ensured due to regular income and other welfare

measures

� Children, old aged and other vulnerable groups would get welfare services

like, education, scholarships, nutrition and health

� The improvement in education facilities would impact on overall literacy rate

in the area.

� The overall health environment is expected to improve due to health services,

awareness programs and food security through improvement in livelihood.

� It is expected that the marginalized communities like SCs and STs would be

given priority in employment and other corporate social responsibility

measures, which will reduce the socio- economic disparities.

The proponent is already committed to CSR activities through its group of

companies. Already the existing CSR programs implement the following programs

for the socio-economic development of surrounding villages near project.

8.2.3 Proposed CSR Activities

Health

� Women and child health care

� School Health check- ups

� Pulse polio camps

� Basic community health services (Health checkup, awareness, counseling,

guidance and free medicine)

� Mobile Medical and Ambulance facilities

� Sanitation and Drainage facilities

� Specialized health camps especially for women & girl children as per need

� Awareness campaigns

� Animal health camps and dispensary

� Distribution of medicines and spectacles

Education

� School - Balwadi (ECCD centers) and primary to high end education

institutions.

� Industrial training institutes



Project Benefits


� Teacher training program

� ITI Adoption

� Library and Resource Centers

� Scholarship to School Students & technical education

� Distribution of Study Kits, Uniform, Books etc

� Adult Education

Infrastructure

• Drinking water (Hand Pumps & running water facilities)

• Construction of Connecting and Diversion Roads, internal village roads

• School Buildings

• Water conservation Measures

• Green Belt

• Play Ground

• Religious Building like Temples

Livelihood

• Micro entrepreneur development (SHGs)

• Promoting advance agriculture practices including Animal Husbandry

• Horticulture

• Skill development

• Stitching and Tailoring

Employment

• During the construction and operation period, project would have significant

requirement for masons, plumbers, electricians, carpenters, fitters, welders,

security personnel, other miscellaneous services in canteen, plantation,

drivers, housekeeping etc.;

• During construction phase, project would employ about 150 skilled, semi-

skilled and unskilled laborers; and

• During operational phase, power plant would employ more than 70 personnel.

TABLE-8.1

CSR EXPENDITURE

FOR THE YEARS 2010 to 2015

Time Period Expenditure Incurred in Rupees

2010-11 1358297

2011-12 1352882

2012-13 1692790

2013-14 3275327

2014-15 4250000

Total 11929296

Estimated Budget for CSR Activities proposed:

The budgetary allocation for the CSR activities is given in Table-8.2.



Project Benefits


TABLE-8.2

BUDGET BREAKUP OF CSR ACTIVITIES

Sr. No Main -Activities Sub-Activities Amount (in

lacks)

1 Education to Children

(a)Pre-Primary and Primary education of apporox 240 students with other incidental expenses like educational material, Dress, Education visit in the vicinity of Durgapur etc at Mana village 6.5

(b)Educational tour of Mana school students 0.5

(c)Books for all students of Mana School 1

(d)Distribution of school bags to all students 0.6

(e)Distribution of school dress to all students 1.4

(f) Scholarships and Educational aids to the under privilege meritorious students to the locality up to class 10(25 nos) 0.5

Sub Total 10.5

2 Health and Family

Welfare

(a)Medical camp on weekly basis through equipped mobile ambulance along with doctor, paramedical staff and medicines -Mana village, Naya Bazar, Col dipot by Swamy Viveka Nanda Vani Prachar Samiti (NGO) 6

(b)Extending financial support for running OPD Eye clinic @ Rs.58,333/- pm for one year to Durgapur Blind relief society 7

©Cataract operation for under privilege people by Durgapur Blind relief society 2

(d)Medical camp for under privilege people at Barjora, Bankura by NGO, ASHWAS 1

Sub Total 16

3

women Empowerment

Vocational training for women empowerment and

unemployed youth at Mana and other villages (a) Garment design, dress making and bandhni print with sewing machine distribution (b) Employability Skilled development training for youth. 3

Sub Total 3

4 Infrastructural Facility

Projects as per the recommendations of Sub-Division Magistrate 6

(a) Community toilets, Bathroom, Openwell at ispat pally Muslim para. (b) Development of play ground with leveling, Boundring fencing along with installation of two Swing and one slip at ispat pally ghosh para. 5

(b)One class room at Gopala Math Boys school 8

(c)Two class room at Gopala Math Girls school 10

Sub Total 29

5 Aids for special Challenged people

Tri cycle distribution to the local handicapped people (25 nos) 2

Sub Total 2

6

Promotion of sports and & Cultural activities

Promotion of cultural programme and sports activity organized by Durgapur Dishom Mak Mode Committee (ST Organization) 1

Promotion of sports activity in DSP steel township and peripheral area (as per recommendation of MIC (Sports &Culture )Municipal Corporation Durgapur 1

Sub Total 2

Grand Total 62.5

CSR photographs are given in Figure-8.1.



Project Benefits


FIGURE-8.1(A)

CSR PHOTOGRAPHS



Project Benefits


FIGURE-8.1(B)

CSR PHOTOGRAPHS



Administrative Aspects


9.0 ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS

9.1 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection and Conservation

Environment Management Cell will be headed by a general manager and will

constitute additional general manager, safety officer, environmental engineer and

ecologist. The Organizational Structure of Environment Management Cell is

presented in Figure-9.1.

The Manager (Env) will be responsible for environment management activities in

the proposed project. Basically, this department will supervise the monitoring of

environmental pollution levels viz. source emission monitoring, ambient air

quality, water and effluent quality, noise level either departmentally or by

appointing external agencies wherever necessary.

In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the

allowable limits, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action

and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned authorities.

The Environmental Management Cell also co-ordinates all the related activities

such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region,

afforestation and greenbelt development.



Administrative Aspects


FIGURE-9.1

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

GENERAL MANAGER/

BUSINESS UNIT HEAD

ADDL. GENERAL MANAGER

(TECHNICAL SERVICES)

ENVIRONMENT

ENGINEER

ADDL. GENERAL MANAGER

(MTP & O&E)ADDL. GENERAL MANAGER

SAFETY OFFICERECOLOGIST/

HORTICULTURIST


Chapter-10 Summary & Conclusion


10.0 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd is proposing to setup 2 x 20 MW coal

based power plant at Durgapur, Burdwan district, West Bengal.

The proposed captive power plant project falls under ‘Category B’, as per

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) notification dated 14th September 2006

which requires preparation of EIA Report to get Environmental Clearance (EC)

from the State Pollution Control Board, West Bengal. The Terms of Reference

(TOR) for the proposed project was issued by MoEF, vide letter no. J-

13012/30/2013-IA.I (T) dated 7th May 2014.

10.1 Environmental Setting

� The proposed power plant co-ordinates are ranging from Latitude

23º32’10.14” to 23º31’56.66’’N and Longitude 87º15’8.14” to 87º15’22.77”

E;

� The proposed power plant constructed within the existing plant premises;

� With an elevation of 75 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL);

� Present land use of the proposed plant site is industrial category;

� Waria railway station is located at a distance of 0.2 km, SW;

� The nearest airport to the project site is located at Kolkata at a distance of

about 160-km, SE;

� 1 protected forest block exists within 10-km radius.

� The project area falls under Seismic Zone-III as per Indian Standards, IS:

1893 (Part-1) 2002.

10.2 Resource Requirement

• Land Requirement

Land requirement for the proposed captive power plant is around 35.5 is already

in industrial use. The proposed power plant will be built within the existing plant

premises hence no change in land use. No additional land acquisition for the

power plant. Hence, there will not be any Resettlement & Rehabilitation issues

involved for the proposed power plant.

• Fuel Requirement

Coal requirement for the proposed 2x20 MW power plant will be about 0.3 MTPA

(Indian coal).

• Water Requirement

The water requirement for the proposed plant is 300 m3/day, which will be met

from existing Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) network which is fed from Waria

reservoir of DSP.

• Manpower

The total manpower requirement during construction stage will be about 150 nos

and during operation phase requirement will be about 70 nos. including skilled

and unskilled workers.




10.3 Baseline Environmental Status

Primary baseline environmental monitoring studies were conducted during pre-

monsoon season (March to May 2014) and details are as follows:

10.3.1 Soil Characterization

A total of five samples within the study area were collected and analyzed. It has

been observed that the pH of the soil quality ranged from 7.5 to 8.2 indicating

that the soil is moderately alkaline in nature. The conductivity was observed to be

in the range of 175 to 250 µS/cm. Available potassium was observed to be in the

range of 224.8 kg/ha to 465 kg/ha. The nitrogen values range between 54.6

kg/ha to 98.6 kg/ha and the phosphorus values observed in sampling locations

varies between 62.9 kg/ha to 126.5 kg/ha.

10.3.2 Meteorological Data Generated at Site

The meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study

period near proposed plant site and comprises of parameters like wind speed,

wind direction (from 0 to 360 degrees), temperature, relative humidity,

atmospheric pressure, rainfall and cloud cover.

• Temperature (0C) : 19.3- 44.4

• Relative Humidity ( %) : 18.7 – 69.2

• Predominant wind directions : South

• Total Rainfall(mm) : 102.6

10.3.3 Air Quality

The study area represents mostly rural/residential environment. Four AAQM

stations were selected in and around project site covering upwind, downwind and

crosswind directions and PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO and Ozone were estimated in

the ambient air. The methodology of sampling and analysis as per Central

pollution control board norms. The results of ambient air quality are shown in

Table-2.1.

TABLE-10.1

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN 10-KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT SITE

IN PRE-MONSOON, 2014

Sr. No Parameters Range of Conc., µµµµg/m3 NAAQM Standards, µµµµg/m3

1 PM2.5 21.3-43.8 60

2 PM10 48.1-80.4 100

3 SO2 10.6-26.3 80

4 NOx 15.7-36.1 80

5 CO 318-568 2000

6 O3 5.0-17.5 100

10.3.4 Water Quality

Water samples were collected from five sampling locations. These samples were

analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards.




� Surface Water Quality

The pH of the water samples collected ranges between 7.3 to 7.5 and

conductivity recorded in between 283 µs/cm to 407 µs/cm in the sample. The

Total Dissolved Solids was observed about 180 mg/l to 260 mg/l. The Chlorides

and Sulphates were found 51.5 mg/l to 75.8 mg/l and 14.5 mg/l to 17.0 mg/l

respectively.

� Ground Water Quality

The pH of the water samples collected was observed to be in the range of 7.5 and

7.6. The conductivity was found to be 555 µs/cm and 665 µs/cm. Total Hardness

of the samples ranged from 151 mg/l to 174 mg/l. Calcium and Magnesium

concentrations ranged from 34 mg/l - 40 mg/l and 16 mg/l -18 mg/l respectively.

Range of Chlorides and Sulphates concentrations at all the locations 100 mg/l -

123 mg/l and 18.5 mg/l – 19.0 mg/l respectively. Fluoride concentrations are

ranging in between 0.4 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l and are found to be within the

permissible limits. The results of ground and surface water quality are well within

limits.

10.3.5 Noise Level Survey

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at ten

locations in the study area. Noise monitoring results reveal ambient noise levels in

all locations are well within the limits as per Ambient Noise standards.

• The daytime noise levels at all the locations are observed to be within the range

of 43.8 dB(A) to 51.2 dB (A).

• The night time noise levels at all the locations were found to be in the range of

40.9 dB (A) to 48.0 dB (A).

10.3.6 Flora and Fauna Studies

Detailed ecological studies were conducted to assess the present biological

resources in and around the proposed project area. The primary site survey and

the data from the secondary sources suggest no presence of any schedule-I

species or species of conservation importance. The study area has no Biosphere

Reserves, Tiger Reserve, National Parks or Wildlife Sanctuary and migratory

corridors of any species.

67 animal species were recorded/ observed during study period. It can be concluded

that there are about 6 species which belong to Sch-II and 1 species belong to Sch-

III, 52 species which belong to Sch-IV and 8 species which belong to Sch-V of

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Impact on Air Quality

Adequate stack heights have been provided to disperse gaseous emissions over a

wider area. In order to control emissions of Particulates adequate control

equipment are proposed.




Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out by using AERMOD

and the resultant ground level concentrations for PM10, SO2 and NOx would be as

80.74 µg/m3, 35.98 µg/m3 and 37.34 µg/m3. After the implementation of the

proposed expansion project, these concentrations are found to be below the

permissible NAAQS norms for rural/residential zone and industrial/mixed zone.

Therefore, the proposed activity is not likely to have any significant adverse

impact on the air environment.

Impact on Water Resources

The total water requirement for the proposed captive power plant will be about

300m3/day. The source of water for proposed plant will be from existing Durgapur

Steel Plant (DSP) network which is fed from Waria reservoir of DSP. The treated

CPP wastewater will be re-cycled back for use in greenbelt development. The

domestic wastewater will be treated and utilized for green belt development and

dust suppression.

Impact on Noise Levels

The proposed plant contains number of items of heavy equipment such as fans,

engines, generators, and turbines. There will be associated road or rail traffic,

including truck movement and loading equipment. Noise and vibration is greater

from heavy truck traffic associated with operations and transport of raw materials

and finished product.

Impact of Solid Waste Generation

The details of the solid waste generated in the plant are given in Table-10.2.

TABLE-10.2

EXPECTED SOLID WASTE FROM POWER PLANT (WORST CASE SCENERIO)

Sr. No. Plant Proposed Mode of Disposal

1 Ash 1,20,000 TPA Silo for dry form and wet disposal to ash dyke

2 Bottom ash 24,000 TPA

3 Fly ash 98,000 TPA

4 Used oil 2 KL Sold to authorised Recycler

5 Domestic solid waste/Municipal solid waste

500 kg/month Vermi Composting

ETP of 1 KL and STP of 2.5 KL capacity are proposed. The ash generated in the

plant will be supplied to potential users. The Sludge from sewage treatment plant

will be dried and used as manure for greenbelt maintenance. Canteen/sanitary

waste will be composted and used as manure for greenbelt development.

With the implementation of above precautionary measures, the impacts due to

solid waste disposal are insignificant on environment.

Impact on Ecology

Development of a thick green belt and transportation of material through closed

conveyor system will further reduce the pollution loads in the surroundings areas

and contain the negative impact on forests and terrestrial ecology and also




increase the presence of avifauna and related faunal components which a positive

impact over the project.

10.5 Environment Management during Operation Phase

Air Pollution Management

Fugitive and stack emissions from the power plant will contribute to increase in

concentrations of PM, SO2, and NOx pollutants. The mitigative measures

recommended in the plant are:

• Installation of ESP followed Fabric filter (Hybrid ESP) of efficiency more than

99.9% to limit the PM concentrations below 50 mg/Nm3;

• Provision of tall stack of 75 m height for wider dispersion of gaseous emissions;

• Provision of water sprinkling system at raw material storage yard;

• Asphalting of the roads within the plant area;

• Provision of dust extraction systems at dust generating source;

• Developing of greenbelt around the plant to arrest the fugitive emissions; and

• Online flue gas monitors as well as flue gas flow rates and temperature

measurement shall be provided for all stacks;

The fugitive dust emissions shall be controlled by installation of closed conveyor

system along with suitable dust suppression measures.

Noise Pollution Management

The design features provided to ensure low noise levels are as follows:

• All rotating machinery will be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as

far as possible to reduce noise transmission;

• Provision of silencers will be made wherever possible;

• The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel safety will

also act as noise reducers;

• Necessary enclosures will also be provided on the working platforms/areas to

provide local protection in high noise level areas;

• The workers will be provided with ear plugs; and

• Plantation in the zone between plant and township would attenuate noise in

the residential area.

Water Pollution Management

Wastewater from captive power plant is planning to treat in existing Effluent

Treatment Plant (ETP) and treated effluents will be used in greenbelt or in plant

operations and there will be no wastewater discharge from the proposed plant.

Domestic waste water will treated in sewage treatment plant and treated water

will be 100 % reused in different activities.

Solid Waste Management

All the solid waste generated will be reused either in process or in ancillary

operations.




• Entire fly ash generated will be supplied to potential users.

• The sludge from STP can be used as manure for green belt development.

• Bottom ash will be collected and used for land filling.

Greenbelt Development

Due care will be taken to ensure that a greenbelt is developed around the plant.

All areas devoid of vegetation and having low density will be systematically and

scientifically afforested. In the proposed greenbelt about 12000 trees will be

planted with a density of 2500 trees/ha.

10.6 Project Benefits

Proposed power plant will result in considerable growth of stimulating the

industrial and commercial activities in the state. Small and medium scale

industries may be further developed as a consequence. M/s NTPC-SAIL proposes

to participate in various CSR activities in the areas like Infrastructure

Development, Education, Medical Facilities, Sanitation, Community Development

and Awareness Programmes, Vocational Training in and around the project site.

The budget estimated under CSR activities as one time capital expenditure will be

of Rs 62.50 lakhs for the year 2015-16.

10.7 Conclusion

The proposed captive power plant will have marginal impacts on the local

environment with proper mitigation measures with the effective implementation

of the environment management measures as suggested in the EIA/EMP report

and as recommended by MoEF & CC, CPCB and State Pollution Control Board, the

negative impacts will be minimized to a great extent. However, development of

this project has beneficial impact/effects in terms growth in regional economy,

transform the region's economy from predominantly agricultural to significantly

industrial, increase Government earnings and revenues and accelerate the pace

of industrial development in the region.

Thus, in view of considerable benefits from the project without any adverse

environmental impact, the proposed project is most advantageous to the region

as well as to the nation.



Disclosure of Consultants


11.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

11.1 Introduction

Studies were carried out by several institutions of different disciplines during the

preparation of the EIA/EMP report based on the Expert Appraisal Committee

(EAC) prescribed Terms of Reference. The list of consultants involved in different

studies is given below:

Sr. No. Study Consultants

1 Environmental Impact Assessment study

including Environment Management Plan

Vimta Labs Ltd,

Hyderabad

The profile of the Consultants is given below:

11.2 Vimta Labs Limited-Environment Consultant

Vimta Labs Limited is a leading multi-disciplinary testing and research

laboratory in India. Vimta provides contract research and testing services in the

areas of environmental assessment, analytical testing, clinical research, pre-

clinical (animal) studies, clinical reference lab services, advanced molecular

biology services and research & development studies.

The Environment Division has been in the forefront of its vision to provide

better environment through guiding and assisting the industry for sustainable

development. A stalwart in the mission to protect and preserve the natural

resources on earth for future generations, it offers extensive research and

consultancy services in the field of environment. With its rich experience, multi-

disciplinary expertise and with the support of its state-of the-art analytical

equipment, the services offered by the division are wide ranging and

encompasses entire gamut of environment management and monitoring services.

With its emphasis on quality services over the years, it has evolved itself into a

single reference point in India for comprehensive environmental services.

11.2.1 The Quality Policy

• Vimta is committed to good professional practices and quality of operations in

its testing, validation and research services;

• Vimta shall ensure customer satisfaction by maintaining independence,

impartiality and integrity in its operations;

• Vimta shall provide the services in accordance with national and international

norms;

• Vimta shall implement quality systems as per ISO/IEC 17025 and applicable

Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) & Good Clinical Practices (GCPs), to

generate technically valid results/data; and

• Vimta shall ensure that all its personnel familiarize with the policies and

procedures of the quality system and implement the same in their work.





11.2.2 Major Milestones and Accreditations

• 1984–Registered with an initial investment of Rs.200,000=00

• 1985–Recognized by ISI (now known as Bureau of Indian Standards)

• 1987–Qualified by the criteria of Ministry of Environment and Forests, India

and was notified as one of the first 14 Standard Environmental Laboratories

published in the Gazette of India

• 1988–Licensed for carrying out tests on Drugs and Pharmaceuticals

• 1991–Accredited by NCTCF, DST, Government of India (the forerunner of

NABL)

• 1995–Accredited by NABL, India under its revised scheme, certified by

Standards Australia, Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC Guide 25 and

ISO 9002

• 1996–GLP Compliance

• 1998–Accreditation by GOSSTANDART and joint venture for certification of

Food Exports with ROSTEST, Russia

• 1998–World Bank Recognition

• 2002–ANVISA Brazil Certification

• 2003–USFDA accepts Vimta Bioequivalence study report. Showcased Vimta at

AAPS (USA) and ICSE-CPHI (Germany)

• 2003–Recognized by Saudi Arabian Standards Organization

• 2004–Enters Gulf market-Executes a contract for environmental consultancy

in Kuwait

• 2006–Expands its overseas activities. Undertakes environmental assignment

in Saudi Arabia

• 2006–Undertakes environmental impact assignment in Tanzania, Africa

• 2008–Has been Pre-Qualified by World Health Organization (WHO)

• 2008–Undertaken environmental impact assessment studies in Cameroon,

Africa

11.2.3 Services Offered

Spread over 70,000 sq.ft lush green garden premises at Cherlapally, Hyderabad

(India), the scientifically designed and meticulously groomed infrastructural

facility of the Central Laboratory of VIMTA has the most sophisticated

instruments backed by an excellent team of professionals.

Over 150,000 sq. ft. of world class research laboratory is also under operation at

Biotech Park-Genome Valley, Hyderabad (India). Having all the facilities under

one roof is perhaps the only one of its kind in South Asia in the contract testing

and research sector.





VIMTA Central Laboratory, Cherlapally, Hyderabad VIMTA Life Sciences, Genome Valley, Hyderabad

Vimta offers services under the following specializations:

• Environment;

• Analytical;

• Clinical Reference Lab;

• Clinical Research;

• Preclinical;

• Molecular Biology; and

• Research and Development.

The environment division of VIMTA Labs Limited (VLL) has its presence all over

India and other countries including a strong association with international

consultants like Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Kennametal

Inc.-USA, Rudal Blanchard–UK, E&E Solutions–Japan, NAPESCO & Kuwait

National Petroleum Corporation–Kuwait, Marafiq and Haif Consultants–Saudi

Arabia and others. Vimta Labs Limited has the following credentials:

• Recognition by BIS, India;

• Recognition by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India and

various State Pollution Control Boards (wherever applicable);

• Recognition by Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India (NABL);

• Recognition by Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India;

• Recognition by APEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India;

• Recognition by Saudi Arabia Standard Organization (SASO), Saudi Arabia;

• Recognition from NEMC, Tanzania;

• Accreditation by NCTCF;

• Certification from Standard Australia;

• Recognition from ANVISA Brazil;

• Recognition from USFDA;

• Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC 17025;

• Quality Assurance Services as per ICH Guidelines; and

• Recognition by World Health Organization (WHO).





11.2.4 Services of Environment Division

Environment essentially being a multi-disciplinary science, the range of services

offered by the division are also comprehensive and caters to the needs of

industry, pollution control agencies, regulatory authorities and in a larger pursuit

of a green globe. The services under environment include:

• Site selection and liability studies;

• Environmental impact assessments;

• Environment management plans;

• Carrying capacity based regional studies;

• Environmental audits;

• Solid and hazardous waste management;

• Risk assessment (MCA, HAZON, HAZOP) & disaster management plans;

• Occupational health and safety, industrial hygiene;

• Environmental monitoring for air, meteorology, water, soil, noise, ecology and

socio-economics;

• Industrial emission source monitoring;

• Offshore sampling and analysis of marine water and sediments;

• Marine ecological studies;

• Marine impact assessment;

• Rehabilitation and resettlement studies;

• Forestry and ecological studies;

• Geological and hydro-geological studies;

• Land use/land cover studies based on remote sensing;

• Socio-economic studies;

• Due diligence studies;

• Industrial epidemiological studies;

• Wasteland management studies; and

• Study on bio-indicators.

The services under Environmental Chemistry include:

� Analysis of water, wastewater, soil, solid waste, hazardous waste as per

international codes;

� Source emissions and work zone air/noise quality monitoring;

� Analysis of SVOCs, VOCs, PAH, BTEX, AOX, PCB’s, TCLP metals, TOC etc.;

� Categorization of hazardous waste; and

� Pesticide residue analysis.

11.2.5 Facilities of Environment Division

Vimta-Environment Division is located in scientifically designed Central Laboratory

with the state-of the-art modern facilities to offer vide range of services in indoor

and outdoor monitoring and analytical characterization in the field of

Environment. Further, it is ably supported by highly skilled and experienced team

of professionals in the fields of science, engineering, ecology, meteorology, social

planning, geology & hydro-geology and environmental planning.

Besides the regular monitoring equipment such as Respirable Dust Samplers

(RDS), automatic weather monitoring stations, stack monitoring kits, personal





samplers, noise meters, portable water kits etc, the other major specialized

equipment include:

• Monostatic Sodar–Designed by National Physical Laboratory, GOI;

• Integrated Noise Level Meters–Quest, U.S.A;

• Flue Gas Analyzers–Testo, Germany;

• 113-A Gravimetric Dust Sampler-Casella, London;

• ICP AES–Varian, USA;

• Gas Liquid Chromatographs with FID, ECD & pFPD–Varian, USA;

• Gas Chromatograph with Mass Detector–Varian, USA;

• Atomic Absorption Spectrometer [AAS]–Varian, USA;

• PAS-AFC-123 instrument;

• High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC);

• Laser Particle Size Analyzer;

• Bomb Calorimeter;

• Polarographs;

• X-ray Fluorescent Spectrometer;

• Flame Photometer;

• Carbon Sulphur Analyzer;

• Computerized Fatigue Testing Machine;

• Electronic Universal Testing Machine;

• Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscope; and

• Water Flow Current Meter–make Lawrence & Mayo.

HIGH RESOLUTION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS





11.2.6 Quality Systems

The basic fact that environment division and its supporting site laboratories are

accredited by NABL (IS0-17025) and Ministry of Environment and Forests, India

and by other international bodies stand testimony to its emphasis on Quality

Systems.

11.2.7 Achievements

Being the first laboratory to be recognized under Environment Protection (EP) Act

by Government of India (GOI), environment division with its best mind power and

industrial knowledge competency that allows it to compare with the best in the

business.

• The environment division till date has executed about 650 environmental

impact assessment and environment management studies with risk

assessment and disaster management plans for various spectrum of industries

and obtained statutory approvals;

• Supported by the strong modern laboratory and experienced hands,

environment division is well equipped in conducting due diligence, phase-I and

phase-II studies;

• Undertaken specialized studies such as regional environmental impact

assessment on carrying capacity principle; upper air meteorological studies

using monostatic SODAR for major industrial complexes;

• Associated with prestigious studies such as environmental pollution

monitoring around Taj Trapezium (India), pre and post satellite launch studies

for Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and monitoring for offshore oil

& gas exploration for deep-sea water and sediment sampling;

• The services offered include vide spectrum of industries covering power,

chemical, cement, mining, steel & alloys, metallurgical, aluminium refining &

smelting, dye & intermediates, bulk drugs, pesticides, agro-chemicals, petro-

chemicals, refineries, pulp & paper, oil & gas exploration & production,

asbestos, infrastructure such as highways, seaports and airports, river valley,

foundries etc;

• Undertaken environmental consultancy for pipeline layout and up gradation of

API oil-water separators of various crude oil depots and petrol filling stations

of Kuwait National Petroleum Corporation, Kuwait;

• Undertaken performance evaluation and capacity expansion of sewage

treatment plant and industrial wastewater treatment Plant for Marafiq, Saudi

Arabia;

• Undertaken environmental impact assessment studies for pulp and paper mill

expansion of Mufindi Paper Mills, Tanzania, Africa; and

• Undertaken environmental impact assessment studies for bauxite mines in

Cameroon, Africa for Cameroon Aluminium Limited (CAL).

The details of the persons involved in the preparation of present EIA/EMP report

are presented below:





DETAILS OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN CURRENT EIA/EMP STUDY – VIMTA LABS LTD

Sr. No. Name Qualification Position Contribution Experience

1 Mr. M. Janardhan M.Tech (Env. Engg)

Vice President & Head (Env)

Co-ordination About 24 years of experience in the field of environmental management and environmental engineering

2 Dr. B. Chandra Sekhar M.Sc., Ph.D Sr. Manager Co-ordination About 14 years of experience in the field of environmental management and modeling

3 Mr. G. V. Raghava Rao M.Tech (Env) Manager Expert About 15 years of experience in the field of environmental management and environmental engineering

4 Mr. S. Srinivas Goud M.S.W Group Leader Expert About 23 years of experience in the field of social impact assessment studies.

5 Ms. Durga Bhavani M. Sc., M.Tech (Env)

Group Leader Expert About 11 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Environmental Chemistry

6 Dr. Mandar Nanajkar M. Sc., Ph.D (Ecology)

Env Scientist Expert About 11 years of experience in ecological and biodiversity studies

7 Mr. S.Kishore Kumar M.Tech (Env) Env Engineer Expert About 4 years of experience in the field of environment management and engineering

8 Mr. M. Raja Manohar M.Tech (Env ) Env Engineer Expert About 4 years of experience in the field of environment management and engineering

9 Dr. M. Subba Reddy Ph.D (Env. Chem)

Sr. Scientist Expert About 5 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Environmental Chemistry

10 Mr. P.Rama Krishna M.Tech (env) Engineer Expert About 3 years of experience in the field of Environment Management

11 Mr. Ch. Narendra M.S.W Scientist Expert About 2 years of experience in the field of Social Impact Assessment Studies

12 Mr. M. Praveen Kumar M.E (Env) Engineer Expert About 1 year of experience in the field of environment management

13 Mr. J. Sunil Kumar M.Tech (Env) Engineer Expert About 1 year of experience in the field of environment management

14 Mr. K.Rajeswar M.Sc (Geo) Scientist Expert About 5 years of experience in the field of geology and hydrogeology

15 Mr. Sunki Srikanth M.Sc., M.Tech (Eco)

Scientist Experts About 5 years of experience in the field of Ecology and Biodersity studies

16 Mr. Chavan Sanjay Kumar Laxman

M.Sc. (Env. Science)

Scientist Expert About 3 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Environmental Chemistry

17 Ms. T. Ramya Devi B.Sc Quality Auditor Quality Check About 5 years of experience in quality assurance

18 Mr. P. Niranjan Babu B.Com Dy Manager Secretarial Support

About 25 years of experience in the field of environmental monitoring and secretarial support

19 Mr. P. Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr. Engineer Cartography About 15 years experience in the field of environmental management and civil drawings

20 Mr. J. Rama Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr. Engineer Cartography About 14 years experience in the field of environmental management and civil drawings





Sr. No. Name Qualification Position Contribution Experience

Empanelled Experts

1 Mr. J. Rajendra Prasad M.Sc. Empanelled

Consultant

Expert About 20 years of experience in the field of Land use

studies, Remote Sensing and Hydrogeology

2 Mr. Rajgopal Krishnan M. Tech

(Chemical Engg)

Empanelled

Consultant

Expert About 42 years of experience in the field of Risk and

Hazard assessment

3 Mr. V.K.Bhatnagar B.Sc (Mining

Engineer)

Empanelled

Consultant

Expert About 40 years of experience in the field of Mining

engineering, geology and soil

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