Final Report

Duncairn Dam Study

LiDAR Mapping Data, Topography and Imagery

Our File: 10028-0

Submitted to: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Room 408, 1800 Hamilton

Regina, Saskatchewan

S4P 4L2

Attention:

Brad Haid, M.Sc., P.Eng.

cc. Mr. Colby Collinge

Submitted by:

McElhanney Consulting Services Ltd.

100-780 Beatty Street

Vancouver BC

V6B 2M1

Contact: Jim Christie, B.C.L.S, C.L.S.

Dan Tresa

Azadeh Koohzare, P.Eng., Ph.D.

12 January 2009

2

Table of Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 3

2. Mission Plan ......................................................................................................... 3

3. LiDAR and Photo Acquisition ............................................................................... 4

4. Flight Plan ........................................................................................................... 5

5. GPS Ground Control ............................................................................................ 9

6. Data Processing .................................................................................................... 9

7. Point Density ...................................................................................................... 10

8. Quality Control .................................................................................................. 11

8.1 LiDAR Calibration 11

8.2 Ground Checks and Photo Targets 11

9. LiDAR Data and Classification ........................................................................... 14

10. Digital Airphoto Acquisition ............................................................................... 15

11. Digital Airphoto Aerial Triangulation (AT) ......................................................... 15

12. Digital Data capture ........................................................................................... 15

13. Digital Orthophoto ............................................................................................. 16

14. Deliverables........................................................................................................ 17

15. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 18

Figure 1– LiDAR/Airphoto Survey Site ......................................................................................... 3

Figure 2– ALS50-II Leica components (Leica LiDAR Manual, 2007) ......................................... 4

Figure 3– Rolleimetric AIC lenses ................................................................................................. 4

Figure 4–LiDAR and Photo Flight Lines ....................................................................................... 5

Figure 5– Sample vertical profile and the point density ............................................................... 10

Figure 7–LiDAR data tile key map .............................................................................................. 15

Figure 8– Orthophoto image key map .......................................................................................... 16

Figure 9– Sample of Ortho tile 301E_5573N ............................................................................... 17

Table 1 The Flight Parameters for ‘LiDAR only’ missions ........................................................... 6

Table 2 The Flight Parameters for ‘LiDAR and Photo’ missions................................................... 7

Table 3 The Flight Parameters for Calibration and QC Lines ........................................................ 8

Table 4 Comparison: Published Geodetic Benchmark elevations and ties to the Federal Active

Control Station in Saskatoon....................................................................................................... 9

Table 5 Comparison: Published Geodetic Benchmark elevations and LiDAR elevations ........... 12

Table 6 Photo Targe Coordinates (UTM zone13N-NAD83-CSRS .............................................. 13

Appendix I Flight Report and Index Map

Appendix II Lidar data vs RTK points provided by AAFC

3

1. Introduction

McElhanney Consulting Services Ltd (MCSL) has performed a LiDAR and Imagery survey in

southern Saskatchewan. The purpose was to generate DEMs for hydraulic modeling of floodplain,

digital terrain maps, and other products for portions of the Swift Current Creek valley and other

miscellaneous tributaries and related water course valleys in and around the City of Swift Current.

The acquisition was completed between the 16th

and 25th of October, 2009. The survey consisted

of approximately 790 square kilometers of coverage (Figure 1). While collecting the LiDAR data,

we also acquired aerial photo in RGB and NIR modes consisting of 1649 frames each.

In addition to the main area of interest, McElhanney has acquired some LiDAR and photo of low

lying areas adjacent to the project area as shown in Figure 1. This additional area was acquired on

speculation that the data may be required in the future.

This report describes the planning, acquisition, post-processing and quality control methodology

used before the classification stage.

Figure 1– LiDAR/Airphoto Survey Site

2. Mission Plan

Project: Duncairn Dam Study, LiDAR Mapping Data, Topography and Imagery

Date: Oct 16th, 2009 to Oct 25

th, 2009

Location: Swift Current, Saskatchewan

4

Total Days: 10 days

Total Flying Time (`hrs): ~30 hrs

Topography: flat

Vegetation: leaf-off

3. LiDAR and Photo Acquisition

McElhanney utilized the ALS50-II Leica LiDAR system (Figure 2). ALS50-II 150kHz pulse rate

is attainable at up to 570 m AGL for single pulse and 1569 m AGL for multi-pulse.

For Product Specifications of Leica ALS50-II please see

http://www.leica-geosystems.com/shared/downloads/inc/downloader.asp?id-9036

The ALS50-II was mounted on a Piper Apache ( model PA-23-235) registered as C-GQCX.

McElhanney also operated its dual Rollei calibrated precision cameras simultaneously with

ALS50-II in the same aircraft. ( Figure 3)

Figure 2– ALS50-II Leica components (Leica LiDAR Manual, 2007)

a) b)

Figure 3– Rolleimetric AIC lenses a) P65+ with RGB lens and b) P45 with NIR lens

5

4. Flight Plan

For this project, the flight planning was designed to acquire average point spacing of 0.79m and

the average point density of 1.59 pts /m² in each swath. A 50% average overlap between flight

lines, was chosen to ensure enough LiDAR returns. It was agreed with AAFC to achieve ≥ 3

pulses/ m², so the flight plan has been also designed with the use of MPIA (Multi Pulse In Air) to

receive multiple returns and increase point density. The mission included parallel flight lines and

for quality control purposes, six cross flight lines, as illustrated in Figure 4. Tables 1-3 show the

specified altitude, airspeed, scan angle, scan rates, LiDAR pulse rates and other flight information

for this project. A copy of the flight report and Index map is shown is Appendix I.

Figure 4–LiDAR and Photo Flight Lines

6

Table 1 The Flight Parameters for ‘LiDAR only’ missions

Flight

Line

Min Alt

AGL [m]

Max Alt

AGL [m]

Min Swath

Width [m]

Max

Swath

Width [m]

FOV

[deg]

Swath

Width [m]

Scan

Rate

[Hz]

Used Laser

Pulse Rate

[Hz] Length [m]

Target Speed

[kts]

Alt MSL

[m]

002 1821.0000 1888.0000 1183.0000 1227.0000 36.0000 1227.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 8262.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

004 1795.0000 1900.0000 1166.0000 1235.0000 36.0000 1235.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 21382.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

006 1796.0000 1899.0000 1167.0000 1234.0000 36.0000 1234.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 21146.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

008 1800.0000 1900.0000 1170.0000 1235.0000 36.0000 1235.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 21209.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

010 1817.0000 1900.0000 1181.0000 1235.0000 36.0000 1235.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 24473.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

012 1813.0000 1896.0000 1178.0000 1232.0000 36.0000 1232.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 24538.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

014 1803.0000 1893.0000 1172.0000 1230.0000 36.0000 1230.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 24602.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

016 1792.0000 1892.0000 1165.0000 1229.0000 36.0000 1229.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 21166.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

018 1793.0000 1891.0000 1165.0000 1229.0000 36.0000 1229.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 37773.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

020 1790.0000 1890.0000 1163.0000 1228.0000 36.0000 1228.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 41740.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

022 1782.0000 1889.0000 1158.0000 1228.0000 36.0000 1228.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 42208.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

024 1779.0000 1888.0000 1156.0000 1227.0000 36.0000 1227.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 42776.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

026 1785.0000 1887.0000 1160.0000 1226.0000 36.0000 1226.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 43344.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

028 1758.0000 1886.0000 1142.0000 1226.0000 36.0000 1226.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 43912.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

030 1758.0000 1884.0000 1142.0000 1224.0000 36.0000 1224.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 44581.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

032 1780.0000 1881.0000 1157.0000 1222.0000 36.0000 1222.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 53149.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

034 1780.0000 1879.0000 1157.0000 1221.0000 36.0000 1221.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 53719.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

036 1776.0000 1884.0000 1154.0000 1224.0000 36.0000 1224.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 53890.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

038 1768.0000 1883.0000 1149.0000 1224.0000 36.0000 1224.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 53060.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

040 1760.0000 1882.0000 1144.0000 1223.0000 36.0000 1223.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 50830.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

042 1759.0000 1855.0000 1143.0000 1205.0000 36.0000 1205.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 11396.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

044 1771.0000 1853.0000 1151.0000 1204.0000 36.0000 1204.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 11158.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

046 1770.0000 1849.0000 1150.0000 1202.0000 36.0000 1202.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 11419.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

048 1760.0000 1847.0000 1144.0000 1200.0000 36.0000 1200.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10781.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

050 1772.0000 1844.0000 1152.0000 1198.0000 36.0000 1198.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7942.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

052 1776.0000 1843.0000 1154.0000 1198.0000 36.0000 1198.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 8003.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

054 1774.0000 1840.0000 1153.0000 1196.0000 36.0000 1196.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7963.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

056 1764.0000 1838.0000 1146.0000 1194.0000 36.0000 1194.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7824.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

058 1759.0000 1838.0000 1143.0000 1194.0000 36.0000 1194.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7785.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

060 1757.0000 1836.0000 1142.0000 1193.0000 36.0000 1193.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7746.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

062 1744.0000 1836.0000 1133.0000 1193.0000 36.0000 1193.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10633.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

064 1746.0000 1833.0000 1135.0000 1191.0000 36.0000 1191.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10494.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

066 1728.0000 1826.0000 1123.0000 1187.0000 36.0000 1187.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10556.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

068 1752.0000 1814.0000 1139.0000 1179.0000 36.0000 1179.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10617.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

070 1738.0000 1809.0000 1129.0000 1176.0000 36.0000 1176.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10678.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

072 1731.0000 1808.0000 1125.0000 1175.0000 36.0000 1175.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10540.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

074 1731.0000 1807.0000 1125.0000 1174.0000 36.0000 1174.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10601.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

076 1727.0000 1807.0000 1122.0000 1174.0000 36.0000 1174.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10062.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

078 1721.0000 1804.0000 1118.0000 1172.0000 36.0000 1172.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 17658.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

080 1722.0000 1795.0000 1119.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 17321.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

082 1735.0000 1795.0000 1127.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 16984.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

084 1741.0000 1795.0000 1131.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 15646.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

086 1741.0000 1796.0000 1131.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 15409.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

088 1744.0000 1796.0000 1133.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 14871.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

090 1744.0000 1796.0000 1133.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 12333.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

7

Flight Line

Min Alt AGL [m]

Max Alt AGL [m]

Min Swath Width [m]

Max

Swath Width [m]

FOV [deg]

Swath Width [m]

Scan

Rate [Hz]

Used Laser

Pulse Rate [Hz] Length [m]

Target Speed [kts]

Alt MSL [m]

092 1741.0000 1796.0000 1131.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 12395.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

094 1719.0000 1797.0000 1117.0000 1168.0000 36.0000 1168.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 17287.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

096 1699.0000 1796.0000 1104.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 16650.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

098 1683.0000 1796.0000 1094.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 16712.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

100 1679.0000 1795.0000 1091.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 17075.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

102 1689.0000 1791.0000 1098.0000 1164.0000 36.0000 1164.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 15938.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

104 1684.0000 1776.0000 1094.0000 1154.0000 36.0000 1154.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 15500.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

106 1669.0000 1769.0000 1085.0000 1150.0000 36.0000 1150.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 15562.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

108 1688.0000 1761.0000 1097.0000 1144.0000 36.0000 1144.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 6524.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

Table 2 The Flight Parameters for ‘LiDAR and Photo’ missions

Flight

Line Label

Min Alt

AGL [m]

Max Alt

AGL [m]

Min Swath

Width [m]

Max

Swath

Width [m]

FOV

[deg]

Swath

Width [m]

Scan

Rate

[Hz]

Used Laser

Pulse Rate

[Hz] Length [m]

Target Speed

[kts]

Alt MSL

[m]

001 1798.0000 1902.0000 1168.0000 1236.0000 36.0000 1236.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7746.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

003 1823.0000 1899.0000 1185.0000 1234.0000 36.0000 1234.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7844.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

005 1795.0000 1900.0000 1166.0000 1235.0000 36.0000 1235.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 20744.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

007 1801.0000 1900.0000 1170.0000 1235.0000 36.0000 1235.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 20800.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

009 1805.0000 1900.0000 1173.0000 1235.0000 36.0000 1235.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 23780.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

011 1813.0000 1897.0000 1178.0000 1233.0000 36.0000 1233.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 23901.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

013 1814.0000 1896.0000 1179.0000 1232.0000 36.0000 1232.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 23895.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

015 1792.0000 1893.0000 1165.0000 1230.0000 36.0000 1230.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 24085.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

017 1798.0000 1891.0000 1168.0000 1229.0000 36.0000 1229.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 37163.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

019 1796.0000 1891.0000 1167.0000 1229.0000 36.0000 1229.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 37613.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

021 1784.0000 1890.0000 1159.0000 1228.0000 36.0000 1228.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 41256.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

023 1780.0000 1889.0000 1157.0000 1228.0000 36.0000 1228.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 42113.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

025 1779.0000 1888.0000 1156.0000 1227.0000 36.0000 1227.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 42574.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

027 1769.0000 1886.0000 1150.0000 1226.0000 36.0000 1226.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 43261.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

029 1758.0000 1885.0000 1142.0000 1225.0000 36.0000 1225.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 43474.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

031 1763.0000 1883.0000 1146.0000 1224.0000 36.0000 1224.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 44071.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

033 1783.0000 1879.0000 1159.0000 1221.0000 36.0000 1221.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 52699.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

035 1780.0000 1884.0000 1157.0000 1224.0000 36.0000 1224.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 53075.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

037 1776.0000 1884.0000 1154.0000 1224.0000 36.0000 1224.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 53357.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

039 1761.0000 1880.0000 1144.0000 1222.0000 36.0000 1222.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 51479.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

041 1759.0000 1884.0000 1143.0000 1224.0000 36.0000 1224.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 14064.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

043 1759.0000 1855.0000 1143.0000 1205.0000 36.0000 1205.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10382.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

045 1777.0000 1852.0000 1155.0000 1204.0000 36.0000 1204.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10957.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

047 1765.0000 1848.0000 1147.0000 1201.0000 36.0000 1201.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10404.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

049 1758.0000 1846.0000 1142.0000 1200.0000 36.0000 1200.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7565.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

051 1774.0000 1844.0000 1153.0000 1198.0000 36.0000 1198.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7620.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

053 1775.0000 1843.0000 1153.0000 1198.0000 36.0000 1198.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7162.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

055 1770.0000 1839.0000 1150.0000 1195.0000 36.0000 1195.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7620.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

057 1762.0000 1838.0000 1145.0000 1194.0000 36.0000 1194.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7104.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

059 1755.0000 1837.0000 1140.0000 1194.0000 36.0000 1194.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7080.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

061 1756.0000 1836.0000 1141.0000 1193.0000 36.0000 1193.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 7084.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

8

Flight Line Label

Min Alt AGL [m]

Max Alt AGL [m]

Min Swath Width [m]

Max

Swath Width [m]

FOV [deg]

Swath Width [m]

Scan

Rate [Hz]

Used Laser

Pulse Rate [Hz] Length [m]

Target Speed [kts]

Alt MSL [m]

063 1742.0000 1835.0000 1132.0000 1192.0000 36.0000 1192.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 9812.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

065 1744.0000 1830.0000 1133.0000 1189.0000 36.0000 1189.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 9843.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

067 1750.0000 1820.0000 1137.0000 1183.0000 36.0000 1183.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 9884.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

069 1748.0000 1810.0000 1136.0000 1176.0000 36.0000 1176.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 9874.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

071 1734.0000 1809.0000 1127.0000 1176.0000 36.0000 1176.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10255.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

073 1731.0000 1807.0000 1125.0000 1174.0000 36.0000 1174.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 10238.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

075 1731.0000 1807.0000 1125.0000 1174.0000 36.0000 1174.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 9764.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

077 1715.0000 1807.0000 1114.0000 1174.0000 36.0000 1174.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 22127.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

079 1721.0000 1795.0000 1118.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 16675.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

081 1728.0000 1794.0000 1123.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 16741.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

083 1736.0000 1795.0000 1128.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 14948.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

085 1741.0000 1795.0000 1131.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 14991.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

087 1743.0000 1796.0000 1133.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 14543.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

089 1744.0000 1796.0000 1133.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 13142.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

091 1743.0000 1796.0000 1133.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 11725.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

093 1741.0000 1797.0000 1131.0000 1168.0000 36.0000 1168.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 11709.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

095 1706.0000 1796.0000 1109.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 16517.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

097 1696.0000 1795.0000 1102.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 15967.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

099 1679.0000 1796.0000 1091.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 16707.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

101 1682.0000 1795.0000 1093.0000 1166.0000 36.0000 1166.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 16279.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

103 1684.0000 1785.0000 1094.0000 1160.0000 36.0000 1160.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 14867.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

105 1672.0000 1775.0000 1087.0000 1153.0000 36.0000 1153.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 14764.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

107 1669.0000 1766.0000 1085.0000 1148.0000 36.0000 1148.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 6290.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

Table 3 The Flight Parameters for Calibration and QC Lines

Flight

Line

Label

Min Alt

AGL [m]

Max Alt

AGL [m]

Min Swath

Width [m]

Max Swath

Width [m]

FOV

[deg]

Swath

Width [m]

Scan Rate

[Hz]

Used Laser Pulse Rate

[Hz] Length [m]

Target Speed

[kts]

Alt MSL

[m]

Calibration

Lines

131 1317.0000 1350.0000 1091.0000 1118.0000 45.0000 1118.0000 42.5000 150000.0000 2766.0000 120.0000 2083.0000

132 1303.0000 1350.0000 1079.0000 1118.0000 45.0000 1118.0000 42.5000 150000.0000 2579.0000 120.0000 2083.0000

133 2262.0000 2300.0000 1874.0000 1905.0000 45.0000 1905.0000 32.9000 100700.0000 3002.0000 120.0000 3033.0000

134 2251.0000 2300.0000 1865.0000 1905.0000 45.0000 1905.0000 32.9000 100700.0000 3002.0000 120.0000 3033.0000

135 2253.0000 2300.0000 1866.0000 1905.0000 45.0000 1905.0000 32.9000 100700.0000 2839.0000 120.0000 3033.0000

QC Cross

Lines

125 1808.0000 1897.0000 1175.0000 1233.0000 36.0000 1233.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 23353.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

126 1781.0000 1902.0000 1157.0000 1236.0000 36.0000 1236.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 23356.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

127 1735.0000 1870.0000 1127.0000 1215.0000 36.0000 1215.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 29531.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

128 1738.0000 1876.0000 1129.0000 1219.0000 36.0000 1219.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 36481.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

129 1672.0000 1796.0000 1087.0000 1167.0000 36.0000 1167.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 20834.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

130 1705.0000 1785.0000 1108.0000 1160.0000 36.0000 1160.0000 44.4000 121300.0000 20822.0000 120.0000 2597.0000

9

5. GPS Ground Control

During each mission, two base stations have been selected to ensure reliable differential

processing of airborne GPS data. Each base station was monumented with semi permanent

markers and were GPS observable with an unobstructed view of the sky. High-quality Leica dual-

frequency GPS receivers and associated antennas have been used at the GPS base stations. The

satellite tracking was excellent at both the rover and base stations as very few cycle slips have

been seen even on low elevation satellites.

Master 1: Name 1510

Antenna height 1.582 m, to L1-PC

UTM Coordinates Zone 13:

5573885.53 m (N), 308367.180 m (E)

Orthometric height CGVD (HTv2.0): 814.365 m

Master 2: Name 1540

Antenna height 1.081 m, to L1-PC (Generic)

UTM Coordinates Zone 12:

710963.9444 m( N), 5551249.7042 m (E)

Orthometric height CGVD (HTv2.0): 814.638 m

These coordinates have been tied to the Federal Active Control Station (Saskatoon), and have

been processed in NAD83-CSRS. They were used as the GPS Ground Control Points (GCP) for

LiDAR processing.

Since it was requested by AAFC to base all the LiDAR data on the published geodetic

benchmarks, where orthometric heights have been determined by precise differential levelling,

the existing geodetic benchmarks have been surveyed, and the LiDAR data was shifted to match

them. The following table compares the elevations of the geodetic benchmarks from published

values and MCSL surveys tie to Federal Active Control Station in Saskatoon.

Table 4 Comparison: Published Geodetic Benchmark elevations and ties to the Federal Active

Control Station in Saskatoon

Published Geodetic

Elev. (m)

MCSL Elev. (m) Differences between

published and MSCL

Elev. (m)

bm84s181 776.500 776.410 0.090

bm85s080 721.823 721.710 0.113

bm85s081 727.946 727.850 0.096

6. Data Processing

All GPS data was processed using GrafNav software v.8.1. IMU data was processed using Leica

IPAS Pro v.1.3 and the laser data was extracted using ALS Post Processor v.2.68. The GPS

antenna position in the airplane was calculated by post–processing the raw data at 1 second

intervals for the entire flight. GPS PDOP values during the flights ranged from 1.2 to 3.1.

10

The base station and therefore the airborne solution was tied to the Federal Active Control Station

Saskatoon in NAD83-CSRS. The final LiDAR data was shifted +10cm to match the geodetic

benchmarks in the Swift Current area (Table 4).

The airborne GPS positions were combined with the post–processed platform (aircraft) attitude

information to generate a time tagged position and orientation solution.

The prorated values for the GPS antenna position were used with the laser ranges and platform

angles to compute all individual X, Y, and Z coordinates for each laser return in each flight line.

The result is a processed point cloud containing all measured points.

7. Point Density

Bare earth point density varies with canopy closure, understory density and topographic features.

Mean density of the point cloud was calculated at 4 pts/m². Please see Figure 5 for a sample of

the point density on this project. The mean density of the classified bare earth data is 1.5 - 2

pts/m².

Figure 5– Sample vertical profile and the point density

11

8. Quality Control

Various steps are taken throughout the project to ensure required data accuracy is met.

8.1 LiDAR Calibration

The LiDAR system calibration was flown at the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT)

site in Burnaby, B.C as well as at the Swift Current area prior to the mission and during the

mission. The lever arms (offset between GPS antenna IMU and Laser Mirror, were measured as:

Lever Arms

GPS Lever arms in (m):

x: 0.082 y: 0.178 z: -1.248

IMU Lever arms in (m):

x: -0.269 y: 0.207 z: -0.004

There were a total number of 5 flight lines for calibration: 4 basic lines for Attune software

analysis and 1 redundant line for better accuracy. The lines were planned as follows:

� 2 orthogonal at low altitude

� 2 orthogonal at higher altitude

� 1 line at higher altitude

The calibration values used for this project are:

Roll Error; -0.001086980 rad

Pitch Error: 0.008457429 rad

Heading Error: -0.004321320 rad

8.2 Ground Checks and Photo Targets

A ground survey was completed to provide an accuracy assessment of the LiDAR data. Figure 6

shows the locations of the ground control points. The GPS data was collected using a Leica dual-

frequency system and processed using GeoOffice in NAD83-CSRS. The heights are relative to

geoid model Ht2.

The post-processed kinematic GPS points have been analyzed for blunders. Only a high quality

kinematic solution was used to “ground truth” the LiDAR points.

According to ASPRS guidelines, the vertical accuracy of LiDAR is as follows:

]/)([ 2

)()( nZZSqrtRMSE icheckiLidarz −= ∑ = 0.081 m

12

Where the ”Check” refers to the ground truth ( In this project, RTK points with at least three

times better accuracy than the individual LiDAR points) and n is the number of check points. We

have a total of 8,305 filtered GPS points for the accuracy tests.

Statistical results:

Average dz +0.068

Average magnitude 0.071

Std deviation 0.045

RMSE 0.081

Where dz is the discrepancy between the individual LiDAR points and the GPS check points.

For this analysis, the systematic errors have been eliminated as best as possible. Therefore,

vertical accuracy of LiDAR data, zAccuracy , reported according to NSSDA is computed as:

mRMSEAccuracy zz 15.0081.0*96.1*96.1 ===

In addition, McElhanney has compared the Lidar data with some RTK points provided by AAFC.

The statistical summary of this comparison is:

Average dz +0.039

Average magnitude 0.057

Root mean square 0.065

Std deviation 0.053

Appendix I shows the Lidar data vs RTK points provided by AAFC.

McElhanney compared the Lidar data with the geodetic monument in the site. Table 5

summarizes the differences between published values and Lidar data:

Table 5 Comparison between Published Geodetic Benchmark elevations and LiDAR elevations.

Number Easting Northing Known Z Laser Z dz

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

bm84s181 301239.910 5578370.340 776.500 776.560 +0.060

bm85s080 317701.340 5582224.930 721.790 721.930 +0.140

bm85s081 320986.410 5583248.500 727.950 727.990 +0.040

Average dz +0.080

Average magnitude 0.080

Root mean square 0.091

Std deviation 0.053

13

Figure 6– The locations of the Check points and the photo Targets

There were 8 Photo targets as well as 3 photo ID (Fence corners) established throughout the

project area ( Figure 6). The GPS base stations for the photo targets and photo ID points were

running at least 4 hrs , and the data were collected at 1 second intervals. The coordinates of the

targets were processed to the bases, and tied and based off Saskatoon Active Control Stations in

NAD83-CSRS. As another test, the NRCan PPP online software

(http://webapp.csrs.nrcan.gc.ca/field/Scripts/CSRS_PPP_main_e.pl) was used to check the

processed coordinates. Table 6 presents the coordinates of the photo targets and photo ID points:

Table 6 Photo Target Coordinates (UTM zone13N-NAD83-CSRS) based of Saskatoon ACS

Photo Targets/ID Easting (m) Northing (m) Ortho-Height (m)

1518 5584767.49 327606.23 754.25

1517 5576278.40 316691.13 777.37

1516 5573845.04 308338.41 814.52

1511 5584084.66 294943.95 736.56

1515 5566824.29 301722.86 830.56

1512 5573490.67 287889.79 752.92

1514 5554467.88 291989.95 840.33

1513 5551217.50 282396.97 825.34

1007 5573845.04 308338.41 762.92

1008 5591027.63 311525.57 738.69

1009 5592040.16 329478.09 770.13

14

9. LiDAR Data and Classification

The 3Dimensional laser returns (point cloud) were classified using Microstation (v8), Terrascan

and TerraModeler. A series of algorithms based on topography were created to separate laser

returns that hit the ground from the ones that hit objects above the ground.

Steps taken are:

• Classified LiDAR surface as Bare earth

• Classified other features as non-bare earth or default

• Formatted to ASPRS .LAS V1.1

o Class 1 - Default (non-bare earth)

o Class 2 – Ground points (bare earth)

• 239 tiles each 2km x2km generated for LiDAR data

• File prefix FF – Classified (Non-Bare Earth and Bare Earth)

• File Prefix BE – Bare Earth only

• Bare Earth Model Key Point (MKPts) surface files are thinned Bare earth LiDAR points.

MKPts files generate a virtually identical surface without the large file size

• MKPts file format is ASCII (Easting Northing Z-elevation) xyz and LAS format.

15

Figure 7–LiDAR data tile key map

10. Digital Airphoto Acquisition

• Colour Digital Airphotos captured with RolleiMetric AIC P65+ camera

• Acquired simultaneously with LiDAR capture

• Raw files converted to TIF using RolleiMetric Capture One software

• GSD = nominal 20 cm

• Flying Height = 1,800 to 2,200 metres

11. Digital Airphoto Aerial Triangulation (AT)

• A/T was created using KLT software

• Pat-B GPS software was used for Adjustment

• Control for remainder of project derived from LiDARGrammetry (images created from

bare earth LiDAR data), for vertical control only.

o RMS Z 0.168 m

12. Digital Data capture

• KLT software for Stereo capture from Airphotos

• Capture of Breaklines (Road/Drainage) in Swift Current city limits

16

• Photogrammetric data is draped over LiDAR surface to match Z values

13. Digital Orthophoto

• KLT and Orthovista software used to rectify (cubic convolution algorithm) and mosaic

images

• LiDAR Bare Earth files used for Surface generation

• 20cm Pixel size for images

• Accuracy 2 pixels to a 95% confidence level in areas clear of heavy ground cover

relative to the aerial triangulation adjustment

Figure 8– Orthophoto image key map

17

Figure 9– Sample of Ortho tile 301E_5573N

14. Deliverables

All data and products meet or exceed relevant NSSDA and fully comply with the FGDC metadata

format standard with the provisions in the contract.

The deliverables were sent on 24th December, 2009.

Ortho deliverables:

- Tiff and RFW files and compressed ortho files in SID and ECW formats.

- There are four separate files for each tile

LiDAR deliverables

- BE files in LAS and XYZ formats

- MKP files in LAS and XYZ formats

18

- FF files in LAS and XYZ formats

Contour deliverables:

- Tiles in shape file formats

15. Conclusion

This Final report is a summary of the planning, acquisition, post-processing and quality control

methodology used during the project. McElhanney followed the NSSDA specifications

throughout the project. A digital copy of the report will be sent to AAFC.

Thanks again for giving us the opportunity to contribute to this project and should you have any

question, please do not hesitate to ask us.

19

Appendix I

Flight Report and Index Map

20

Appendix II

Lidar data vs RTK points provided by AAFC

Number Easting Northing Known Z Laser Z Dz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 709 302396.584 5576785.437 35.201 removed * 729 302631.603 5576825.104 733.785 removed * 706 302372.593 5576850.051 735.070 735.200 +0.130 101 301239.448 5578372.470 776.500 776.620 +0.120 217 302666.467 5576843.545 734.362 734.480 +0.118 101 301239.400 5578372.000 776.500 776.600 +0.100 705 302301.032 5576844.979 735.090 735.190 +0.100 213 302359.901 5576852.406 735.134 735.230 +0.096 216 302153.511 5576590.126 735.625 735.720 +0.095 100 320985.311 5583249.965 727.946 728.040 +0.094 100 320985.300 5583250.000 727.946 728.040 +0.094 704 302268.294 5576852.216 735.010 735.090 +0.080 727 302126.286 5576574.975 735.712 735.790 +0.078 733 302724.254 5576793.150 733.814 733.890 +0.076 211 317700.200 5582226.000 721.788 721.860 +0.072 707 302407.739 5576847.337 735.030 735.100 +0.070 721 301942.175 5576563.895 735.260 735.330 +0.070 716 302205.106 5576661.238 735.674 735.740 +0.066 708 302430.954 5576825.023 734.760 734.820 +0.060 682 302452.441 5576630.607 734.591 734.650 +0.059 715 302247.459 5576632.234 735.353 735.410 +0.057 734 302655.576 5576800.193 734.247 734.300 +0.053 732 302748.033 5576825.985 733.647 733.700 +0.053 211 317700.203 5582226.344 721.788 721.840 +0.052 725 301975.076 5576396.076 735.638 735.690 +0.052 730 302676.462 5576843.026 734.282 734.330 +0.048 681 302475.395 5576642.455 734.554 734.600 +0.046 718 302138.177 5576716.030 735.624 735.670 +0.046 212 302414.313 5576611.802 734.603 734.640 +0.037 674 302378.876 5576589.425 734.516 734.550 +0.034 720 302018.762 5576632.232 735.548 735.580 +0.032 723 301894.677 5576424.435 735.221 735.250 +0.029 680 302496.321 5576627.595 734.322 734.350 +0.028 731 302720.152 5576846.262 734.003 734.030 +0.027 717 302176.090 5576696.726 735.784 735.810 +0.026 728 302615.479 5576772.205 734.844 734.870 +0.026 703 302269.070 5576923.258 734.742 734.760 +0.018 675 302405.958 5576582.198 734.146 734.160 +0.014 699 302470.722 5576993.698 734.722 734.720 -0.002 700 302424.755 5576990.851 735.072 735.070 -0.002 676 302386.377 5576561.274 734.320 734.310 -0.010 702 302315.208 5576974.160 734.853 734.830 -0.023 724 301936.090 5576381.079 735.513 735.490 -0.023 726 302138.679 5576547.055 735.480 735.440 -0.040 722 301892.721 5576490.556 734.880 734.820 -0.060 701 302367.735 5576994.647 734.882 734.820 -0.062 677 302407.268 5576546.426 734.643 734.580 -0.063 679 302490.264 5576586.908 734.648 734.580 -0.068 678 302441.179 5576564.912 734.607 734.530 -0.077

21

220 301266.100 5576799.000 735.414 removed * 221 301266.100 5576799.000 735.418 removed * 220 301266.087 5576799.182 735.414 removed * 221 301266.081 5576799.189 735.418 removed * 719 302080.415 576681.399 35.631 outside * Average dz +0.039 Minimum dz -0.077 Maximum dz +0.130 Average magnitude 0.057 Root mean square 0.065 Std deviation 0.053