Final revision 2nd secondary Units 1,2and 3

Important vocab.air conditioning تكييف

الهواءtrain (v.) (n.) قطار/ يدرب

bargain (n) رابحة صفقة / يساوم/

يفاصل

surf the internet(v)

عن يبحث علي معلوماتاالنترنت

broadband connection(n)

وصلةسريعة انترنت

traditional(adj.) تقليدي

cash(n) (v) يصرف/ نقد ) شيك)

activity(n) نشاط

cheque(n) شيك attract(v) يجذبcivil engineer (n.)

مهندسمدني

operation (n.) عملية

commentary (n) تعليق explanation (n) تفسيرcomplain(v) يشكو survey(n) / دراسة

رأي استطالعcost (n) (v) يكلف/ تكلفة charitable(adj.) خيريcount (v.) يعد transplant centre

(n.) لزراعة مركزاألعضاء

credit card(n) بطاقةائتمان

account(n) حساب

debit card(n) مدين بطاقة catalogue(n) كتالوجdelegation(n.) وفد qualify(v.) يؤهل/ يتأهلdiplomat (n) شخص

دبلوماسيimaginative (adj.)

القدرة لديهالتخيل علي

giant (n) عمالق neighbouring (adj.)

مجاور

grandchildren (n.)

أحفاد surgeon (n.) جراح

interestingly(adv.)

المثير منلالهتمام

growth(n) زيادة/ نمو

make fun of (v) من يسخرonline shopping(n)

عبر التسوقاالنترنت

user-friendly(adj.)

سهلاالستخدام

politician (n) شخصسياسي

politics (n) السياسة

publish (v) كتاب) ينشرمثال(

represent (v) يمثل

research (n.) أبحاث heart transplant قلب زراعة1

(n.)retire (v.) يتقاعد retirement age

(n.)التقاعد سن

ridiculous (adj.) سخيف steal (v) يسرقtie (v) / ties (n.) / يربط

روابطvoyage (n) بحرية رحلة

Make or Do?make friends أصدقاء يتخذ do an

operationبعملية يقوم

جراحيةmake sure يتأكــد do a job وظيفة يؤديmake contributions

يقومبإسهامات

do work بالعمل يقوم

make sense معني له do the shopping

يتسوق

make a decision يتخذ/ يقرر قرار

do the homework

بواجباته يقوم المدرسية

make a difference to

يحدث/ في اختالف

تأثير له يكون علي

do wrong يخطئ

make a mistake يخطئ do good ي~فيـدmake parts of cars

أجزاء يصنع السيارات

do harm يضــر

make a fire نارا يشعل do the washing up

بغسل يقوم األواني

make a suggestion

اقتراح يقدم do the cleaning بالتنظيف يقوم

make a promise يوعد do the sweeping

بالكنس يقوم

make achievements

يحققانجازات

do a favour أو خدمة يقدم معروف

make peace يحققالسالم

do a project بعمل يقوم دراسة أو بحث

جامعة( أو مدرسة في)make war حرب يشن do research بعمل يقوم

أبحاثmake الغداء يعد / do without عن يستغني

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lunch/dinner العشاءmake the bed السرير يرتب do (his) hair شعره يصففmake up (his) mind

يقرر do something/nothing

ال) شيء يفعل شيء(

make a noise ضوضاء يثير do the cooking بالطهي يقوم

Prepositions:apply for (a job/a visa)

لـ بطلب يتقدم/ تأشيرة) وظيفة

)

apply to (a company)

يتقدم بطلب

) للشركة)apply in person بالطلب يتقدم

� شخصياapply in writing يتقدم

بالطلبكتابة�

look up عن يبحث في) معلومة

أو كتابقاموس(

interested in بـ مهتم

adapt to / علي يتأقلممع يتكيف

study at (school) في يدرس

under the leadership of

قيادة تحت find out يكتشف

at the age of سن في benefit from يستفيدمن

cause of سبب reason for سببplay a part in في دورا� يلعب play a role in دورا� يلعب

فيchildren with heart problems

يعانون أطفال مشكالت منالقلب في

good at = clever at في ماهر

have experience in

في خبرة لديه see off يودع

good for لـ مفيد from all over the world

كل من أنحاء

العالمreport on عن تقرير يقدم at the weekend نهاية في

األسبوعmatch … with مع.. يطابق run away يهربfight against ضد يقاتل interested in بـ مهتمfamous for بـ مشهور laugh at من يسخرconnect to بـ يوصل fall off a bike من يسقط

عليالدراجة

fall to the ground work in politics علي يسقط يعمل

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األرض بالسياسةa favourite of لدي مفضل find out about عن يعرفdifferent from عن مختلف a storm at sea في عاصفة

البحرon the island الجزيرة علي frightened of من خائفstop … from من.. يمنع tie … to بـ.. يربطargue about بشأن يجادل argue for عن يدافعbelong to إلي ينتمي speak for يتحدث

عن بالنيابةavailable for لـ متوافر a commentary on علي تعليقopinion on/about رأي pleased with من مسرورupset about أو منزعج

بشأن متضايقat that time ذلك في

الوقتattach … with string

باستخدا.. يربطدوبارة م

consist of من يتكون

excited about باإلثارة يشعرمن

log onto the internet

علي يدخلاالنترنت

pass from … to إلي.. من ينقل by road براpay for يدفع order by phone يطلب

بالتليفونbuy… for someone من.. يشتري

شخص أجلat the cheapest price

بأرخصسعر

complain to someone

إلي يشكوشخص

trade with مع يتاجر

complain about something

شيء من يشكو put money into an account

مال يضعحساب في

get to إلي يصل advantage to / of لـ ميزةthank for أجل من يشكر over the years مر علي

السنينorder from the internet

عن يطلباالنترنت طريق

worry about يقلقبشأن

increase in في زيادة be based on علي معتمدdecrease in في نقص pay in cash نقدا يدفعgrowth in نمو أو زيادة

فيpay by credit card يدفع

ببطاقةاالئتمان

pay by cheque بشيك يدفع look for = search for

عن يبحث

discount on علي خصم at the cinema فيالسينما

at the weekend نهاية فياألسبوع

communicate with بـ يتصل

set up a business مشروع ينشئتجاري

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Expressing opinions with reasons:I think / believe…because…

I think he will pass the exam because he studies hard.

In my opinion / view…as…

In my opinion, we should use cars less as they pollute the air

If you ask me, … so that ….

If you ask me, he should study harder so that he can pass the test.

Asking for information and giving information

Asking for informationطلب المعلومات

Repliesالرد

Excuse me, could I ask you some questions about…?

Yes, of course.

Could you tell me…? Yes, that's fine. Yes, certainly.

Can you say why / why not? I'd rather not answer that question.

Thank you for your time. You're welcome.

:الحظ الفرق بين الكلمات اآلتية

death الموت

deadlyمميت /

dead ميت

diedمات dieيموت

living معيشة

lively / نشيط بهيج

lifeحياة alive قيد على الحياة

live (adj.) على الهواء

:الحظ التعبيرات واالصطالحات االتية

have a shower دش يأخذ miss the train (bus, plane)القطار يفوته

get upset ينزعجينزعج أوأو يتضايق she was third in the raceالسباق في الثالث المركز في تأتى

catch the train (bus, plane) يلحق بالقطار

earn (his) living معيشته يتكسب

answer the phone / door على يرد win / lose the war يخسر/ ينتصر الحرب في

Science fiction novels Science fiction novels روايات

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العلمي الخيال الحظ استخدام فعل * have بمعاني مختلفة ويأتي في األزمنة

المختلفة:* * have a meetinghave a meeting have a bathhave a bath have a showerhave a shower have an examhave an exam have a meal have a meal وجبةوجبة يتناوليتناول have a party have a party حفلةحفلة يقيميقيم

الحظ استخدام كلمة * project :بمعنيين مختلفين Do a (history) projectDo a (history) project معينمعين موضوعموضوع فيفي دراسةدراسة أوأو بحثبحث بإعدادبإعداد يقوميقوم Carry out a projectCarry out a project مثال(مثال( ،، صناعي/ صناعي/ تجاري)تجاري) مشروعمشروع ينفذينفذ

استخدام حرف الجر * on :في الحاالت اآلتية * on TV* on TV on the radioon the radio on the telephoneon the telephone on the interneton the internet on showon show معروضمعروض / on display / on display معروضمعروض/ on duty / on duty الخدمةالخدمة فيفي / on business/ on business

عملعمل مهمةمهمة فيفي on the whole on the whole عامةعامة بصفةبصفة / on purpose / on purpose عمداعمدا/ on my way to/ on my way to فيفي

إلىإلى الطريقالطريق / on foot/ on foot on holiday/ on both sides of the street on holiday/ on both sides of the street الشارعالشارع جانبيجانبي عليعلي

يستخدم حرف الجر * on مع األيام ويستخدم in مع الشهور و السنين:

* on* on Monday, Friday, Sunday Monday, Friday, Sunday * * in May, April, Augustin May, April, August

وعند تحديد اليوم مع الشهر (والسنة) نستخدم * : on * On* On 2 2 ndnd May May on March 1on March 1stst, 2010 , 2010

* * Decide to + inf.Decide to + inf. = make up (his) mind to = make up (his) mind to She She decided todecided to study zoology. study zoology. = She = She made up her mind tomade up her mind to studystudy zoology.zoology.* Decide* Decide on = choose on = choose : :يختاريختار Finally the parents Finally the parents decided ondecided on a a namename for the baby. for the baby.

* Contribute* Contribute to + V+ing / n to + V+ing / n:: فيفي يسهميسهم We should all We should all contribute tocontribute to developdevelopinging our country. our country.

Everyone Everyone contributed tocontributed to the the discussiondiscussion..* * Help to + inf.Help to + inf. / / help + inf.help + inf. / / help with + n.help with + n. He He helpedhelped me me to to dodo the job. = He the job. = He helpedhelped me me dodo the job. the job. He He helped helped meme with with the job.the job.

* * Qualify asQualify as a teacher / an accountanta teacher / an accountant الوظيفة(الوظيفة( بعدهابعدها يأتي)يأتي) كـكـ يتأهليتأهل * * qualify inqualify in biology / archaeologybiology / archaeology معين(معين( تخصص)تخصص) فيفي مؤهلمؤهل عليعلي يحصليحصل* * be qualified to + inf.be qualified to + inf. لكيلكي مؤهلمؤهل يكونيكون ....

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He He qualified asqualified as a doctora doctor two years ago. two years ago. He He qualified inqualified in medicinemedicine last year. last year.

She is She is qualified toqualified to teachteach English. English.:الحظ تركيب الجمل اآلتية *

* The reason I like / enjoy … is that …* The reason I like / enjoy … is that …* The reason I don't like … is that …* The reason I don't like … is that …** The best / worst thing about … is … The best / worst thing about … is … أنأن هو... هو... فيفي شيءشيء أسوأ/ أسوأ/ أفضلأفضل * The main reason is that …* The main reason is that … أنأن هوهو الرئيسيالرئيسي السببالسبب * I enjoy / love + * I enjoy / love + V+ing …V+ing …

ExamplesExamples:: The The reason I like reason I like this job this job is thatis that I meet all kinds of people. I meet all kinds of people. The best thing aboutThe best thing about working here working here isis the friendly people. the friendly people. I enjoyI enjoy working here because every day is different. working here because every day is different. The main reason is thatThe main reason is that I can earn a lot of money. I can earn a lot of money.

* * Do / carry out research on/into Do / carry out research on/into فيفي أبحاثأبحاث بعملبعمل يقوميقوم He He diddid a lot of a lot of researchresearch onon plants. plants. He He carried out research intocarried out research into the causes of cancer.the causes of cancer.

:الحظ طريقة صياغة األسئلة التالية * * * Where do you come fromWhere do you come from? ? = = Which country do you come from?Which country do you come from?

الجنسيةالجنسية عنعن للسؤالللسؤال I come from England/ Italy…I come from England/ Italy…* * What's your nationality?What's your nationality? جنسيةجنسية I'm English/ Italian.I'm English/ Italian.* * What do you do?What do you do? = = What's your job? = What do you do for a What's your job? = What do you do for a living?living? I'm a teacher.I'm a teacher.* * Where do you live? Where do you live? = = What's your address?What's your address? 15 Lincoln Street, New York.15 Lincoln Street, New York.* * What's your date of birth?What's your date of birth? = When were you born?= When were you born? عنعن للسؤالللسؤال

الميالدالميالد تاريختاريخ I was born in Acapulco.I was born in Acapulco.* * What's your marital statusWhat's your marital status ?? = = Are you single or married?Are you single or married? I'm I'm single.single.

متزوج(متزوج( أوأو أعزب)أعزب) االجتماعيةاالجتماعية الحالةالحالة عنعن للسؤالللسؤال * * Do / carry out / perform an operationDo / carry out / perform an operation جراحيةجراحية عمليةعملية بإجراءبإجراء يقوميقوم* * Have an operationHave an operation جراحيةجراحية عمليةعملية لهله تجريتجري

* * For this reasonFor this reason, … , … السببالسبب ولهذاولهذا He was highly qualified. He was highly qualified. For this reason,For this reason, he was accepted for the job. he was accepted for the job.

* * die ofdie of a disease / hunger / thirst a disease / hunger / thirst (( عطش/ عطش/ جوع/ جوع/ مرض)مرض) منمن يموتيموت

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* * die fromdie from a wound / an injury / a spider bite a wound / an injury / a spider bite لدغة/ لدغة/ إصابة/ إصابة/ جرح)جرح) منمن يموتيموت عنكبوت(عنكبوت( أوأو عقربعقرب

* * research new treatmenresearch new treatment = do research on new treatment t = do research on new treatment يقوميقوم جديدجديد عالجعالج عليعلي أبحاثأبحاث بإجراءبإجراء

* * historic = (places / events / moments / day ) تاريخيــة أهمية ذو Tourists usually visit the historic places in Egypt.* * historical ذو/ بدراسة مرتبط تاريخيــة أهمية التاريخ historical places, research أبحاث , papers دراسات, studies, plays مسرحيات , novels روايات

* * learn tolearn to = = lealea rr n how ton how to He He learned tolearned to useuse the computer. = He the computer. = He learned how tolearned how to useuse ... ...

الحظ استخدام الفعل * fall هنا بمعني يصبح become : * * fall asleep/ill/unconsciousfall asleep/ill/unconscious الوعيالوعي فاقدفاقد

* * fill infill in = = complete an application or a formcomplete an application or a form استمارةاستمارة أوأو طلبطلب بملءبملء يقوميقوم

* * arrive (I) يصل Your letter arrived yesterday. She was the last to arrive.

* * arrive in (Cairo, London, Italy) دولة/ دولة/ عاصمة/ عاصمة/ كبيرةكبيرة مدينةمدينة إليإلي يصليصل We arrived in New York at 6 p.m.* * arrive at (school / the station/ the airport…) We arrived at

school early.* * reach (T) + مفعول We reached New York at 6 p.m. معها يستخدم ال

جر حرف * * reach a decision لقرار يصل / a conclusion لنتيجة يتوصل They were unable to reach a decision.

●● Give a ringGive a ring = phone= phone الحظ عدم استخدام حرف جر قبل كلمة home اذا جاءت مع هذه

األفعالGo / return / arrive homeGo / return / arrive home

●● Imagine + v+ ingImagine + v+ ing ●●imagine that + imagine that + جملةجملة I can't I can't imagine livingimagine living on the moon. on the moon. I can't I can't imagine thatimagine that he will pass the test. he will pass the test.

●● Listen toListen to بانتباهبانتباه يصغييصغي أوأو يستمعيستمع ●● HearHear قصدقصد بدونبدون يسمعيسمع

He He listened tolistened to the news on the radio. the news on the radio. She She heardheard some noise outside. some noise outside. Raise your voice, please. I can't Raise your voice, please. I can't hearhear you. you.

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●● Hear of / aboutHear of / about شخصشخص أوأو شيءشيء عنعن يسمعيسمع●● hear fromhear from ((مكالمةمكالمة أوأو رسالةرسالة أوأو خطاب)خطاب) منمن أخباراأخبارا يتلقييتلقي

الحظ استخدام االسم بعد حرف الجر in فيما يلي 3 metres in height 3 metres in height 5 inches in length 5 inches in length 5 centimetres 5 centimetres

in depthin depth

وفي حالة عدم وجود حرف جر نستخدم الصفة 3 metres high3 metres high 5 inches long5 inches long 5 centimetres deep5 centimetres deep

●● None + None + جمعجمع فعلفعل Although I read many books, Although I read many books, nonenone (of them) (of them) werewere as useful as the one as useful as the one

I borrowed from you.I borrowed from you. استخدام take للزمن بمعني يستغرق

It It tooktook me two hours to finish the homework. me two hours to finish the homework. How long does it How long does it taketake to do this job? to do this job?

تستخدم whose للسؤال عن الملكية Whose Whose book is that? = Who does that book belong to?book is that? = Who does that book belong to?

●● Remember = يتذكر remember about عن يتذكر ●● Remind = make someone remember something يذكر●● as + adj. as + adj. صفةصفة + as+ as = = the same + n. the same + n. اسماسم + as+ as ●● as big asas big as = = the same size asthe same size as●● as long asas long as = = the same length asthe same length as

الحظ استخدام صفة بعد How واالسم بعد What ●● How + adjHow + adj. = What + n.. = What + n. ●● How old …? How old …? = What age…?= What age…?●● How tall…? How tall…? = What height…? = What height…? ارتفاع/ ما طول ●● How long…? How long…? = What= What length…?length…?●● How big…? How big…? = What size…? = What size…? ●● How wide…? How wide…? = What = What width…?width…?●● How far …?How far …? = What distance …? = What distance …? ●● How high…? How high…? = What = What height…? height…? ارتفاع ما

●● at the end (of)at the end (of) االسماالسم بعدهابعدها يأتييأتي غالباغالبا ●● in the endin the end الجملةالجملة نهايةنهاية فيفي تأتيتأتي أوأو جملةجملة بعدهابعدها يأتييأتي

My house is My house is at the end ofat the end of this street.this street. We went shopping and visited some friends. We went shopping and visited some friends. In the endIn the end, we went , we went

home.home.●● It + (be) + adj. + to+ inf.It + (be) + adj. + to+ inf.

It is funny to readIt is funny to read about the small people of Lilliput. about the small people of Lilliput.

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ال تستخدم the قبل كلمة next إذا جاءت بعدها كلمات تدل علي الزمن

next week / next summernext week / next summer تستخدم the قبل كلمة next إذا جاءت بعدها اسم

The next bookThe next book I'm going to read is Gulliver's Travels. I'm going to read is Gulliver's Travels.

الحظ استخدام فعل مفرد بعد أسماء الكتب حتي لو كان االسم يدل علي الجمع:

Gulliver's TravelsGulliver's Travels isis a funny novel. a funny novel.●● The reason why + The reason why + جملةجملة ●● The reason for + n. / V+ ingThe reason for + n. / V+ ing

The reason whyThe reason why he came late was that he missed the bus. he came late was that he missed the bus. The reason forThe reason for his his absenceabsence was that he was ill. was that he was ill.

الحظ استخدام التصريف الثالث لبعض األفعال كصفة A broken window A broken window a stolen cara stolen carA written testA written test a used booka used book

:هناك كثير من الكلمات لها أكثر من معني

realize يحقق/ يدرك ring بـ يتصل/ خاتم book كتاب / يحجز

match كبريت/ tie يطابق رابطة/ يربط

يجب أن تفرق بين هذه الكلمات Debit card : من ثمنه يخصم شيء شراء وعند الدفع مسبوقة بطاقة

مباشرة حسابك Credit card: من الثمن خصم ويتم الشراء في وتستخدم ائتمان بطاقة

بعد فيما الحساب

Like ----------------best/most ► Which school subject do you like most? ► I like English best.

between اثنين بين she sat between her parents. among اثنين من أكثر بين This mountain is among the highest in

the world. Do internet banking االنترنت طريق عن البنك مع يتعامل

habit (شخصية غالبا) عادة custom جماعية( غالبا) عادة It’s my habit to get up early. *It is a custom to give presents at Christmas.

Do/make/carry out a survey رأي استطالع أو دراسة بعمل يقوم

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: اآلتية العبارات استخدام الحظ Raise / increase the prices

يزيد أو يرفعاألسعار

Reduce / bring down the prices

األسعار يقلل

The prices rise / go up

أو تزداد األسعارترتفع

The prices fall / go down

أو تقل األسعارتنخفض

Control the prices يتحكم أو يسيطر األسعار في

Be good value for money

يدفع ما يستحقمال من فيه

Be poor value for money

يدفع ما يستحق المال من فيه

The financial crisis المالية األزمة

يسمح بـ allow + obj. + to + inf. = let + inf . He let me use the phone. (allow) He allowed me to use the phone. They do not allow anyone to smoke here.Allow + ing

: ing له يضاف مباشرة الفعل بعدها جاء إذا They do not allow smoking here.

هناك adverbs معينة يمكن أن يبدأ بها الكالم و يأتي بعدها جملة كاملة:

Interestingly مشوق بشكل / undoubtedly يالشك/ unfortunately luckily /لألسف الحظ لحسن

Interestingly, many people prefer to use traditional banks than online banking.

Undoubtedly, he is the best person for the job. الحظ عدم جمع كلمة year في العبارة السابقة ألنها تعتبر صفة وجاء

ولكننا نقول بعدها اسمThe boy is 16 years old.A 16-year-old boy

Look forward to + v-ing إلى يتطلع I look forward to visiting London.

private الملكية تفيد (opposite: public عام )

11

a private school خاصة مدرسة a private hospital مستشفي خاص

This is my private life. You have no right to interfereيتدخل .Rather/Prefer

Would rather + inf. ………….than + inf.يفضل I’d rather go to the cinema than watch TV.Would rather + inf. +n.-------than + n. يفضل I’d rather have coffee than tea.Prefer + ing… to… ing يفضل prefer + n. … to…+ n. يفضل

I prefer playing to studying. I prefer tea to coffee.

الحظ استخدام to+ inf . : بعد الكلمات اآلتية The first / the second /the next / the last ------+to- inf. He was the first to arrive at the party. Mr. John was the next to speak at the meeting.

Other & another another + يعد مفرد اسم / one (= one more / a different one)

► This tea is nice. I’d like another cup.► He lost his job. He’s trying to find another one.

another + (few / number : two, three,….)► The woman lived for another ten days.► I’d like to stay here for another few weeks.

other + ( يعد ال اسم أحيانا و / ) يعد جمع اسم ► I need to discuss this with other colleagues.► There was certainly other information. ( تجمع ال )

others + v. الجملة نهاية في تأتى أن يمكن ► Some people are rich; others األخر البعض are poor.► Some writers are greater than othersاآلخرين .

اآلتية الكلمات أحد وجود حالة في the / some / every / each / many / any / no / (two, three,..) بعدها يستخدم other :

► Please, John, bring the other chairs here.► I love my son like any other mother does.► He gave me one book and kept the other one.► Steven and three other boys went to the party.

12

ExercisesChoose the correct answer:

1- Surgeons (do/ make/ act/ bring) heart transplant operations.2-She works for a charitable organisation as she believes that

her work (does/ lacks/ takes/ makes) a difference to people's lives.3-It's been more than 2 years since he (did/ made/ had/ went)

that operation. Now he's quite healthy.4-I don't think she has (did/ took/ made/ written) the right

decision.5-You (had/ made/ did/ saw) me a big favour and I really

appreciate it.6-She (reached/ got/ went/ arrived) in New York 2 days ago.7-If you (question/ talk/ ask/ wonder) me, he should look for

another job.8-She hopes to (identify/ verify/ beautify/ qualify) as a lawyer at

the end of the year.9-He's got to have a/an (operation/ aspiration/ collaboration/

concentration) on his shoulder10- A (vet/ civil engineer/ nurse/ surgeon) is a doctor who is

specially trained to perform medical operations11- A (complementary/ documentary/ commentary/ elementary)

is written opinions about and descriptions of a subject.12- A (diplomat/ format/ doormat/ carpenter) is a person who is

employed by a government to live in another country and speak for the government.13- This (infant/ grant/ giant/ vacant) tree is 200 years old.14- A (politician/ musician/ magician/ technician) is a person who

works in politics.

13

15- A (commentator/ announcer/ reporter/ publisher) is someone who prints something and makes it available for people to buy.16- I can't think of an (example/ explanation/ exchange/

exercise) for the team playing so badly.17- His novel was (polished/ published/ crashed/ furnished) a

long time ago.18- Some people do not realize that Gulliver's Travels is a

(contemporary/ commentary/ diary/ revolutionary) on European politics.19- When I was a child, I couldn't think of interesting ideas, so

my stories weren't very (imaginative/ negative/ protective/ relative).20- (Accountants/ Dentists/ Clerks/ Diplomats) are meeting to

discuss relations between our two countries. 21- Churchill was a famous British (electrician/ politician/

dietician/ musician) who was once a prime minister.22- A/An (adventure/ safari/ voyage/ tour) is a long journey on a

ship.23- You should (lie/ tie/ try/ dye) that plant to the wall to stop it

from falling over.24- The Titanic sank on its first (expedition/ flight/ shore/ voyage)

after it hit an iceberg.25- It is always wrong to (steal/ deal/ clear/ bear) things that

belong to other people.26- Children get upset if their friends (make fun of/ make up for/

keep up with/ put up with) them.27- Egypt and the Sudan are (considering/ neighbouring/

preserving/ retiring) countries.28- In a dictionary, the letter n (cancels/ deletes/ refers/

represents) the word noun.29- In the past, some people believed the earth was flat. What a

(true/ real/ reasonable/ ridiculous) idea!30- The police found the (caught/ stealing/ robbing/ stolen) car

50 kilometers from where it was taken.31- This coat was half-price. It was a real (bargain/ certain/

complaint/ fountain).32- When you use a (money/ debit/ post –plastic) card, money

leaves your bank immediately.

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33- The money we carry in our pockets is called (rash/ crash/ cash/ brush).34- People who (surf/ scarf/ bark/ drop) the internet usually look

for information.35- (Leaders/ Owners/ Kids/ Adults) pay an admission charge رسم

.but children get in free دخول36- When you use a (credit/ benefit/ deposit/ exit)) card, you can

buy things and pay later.37- Things bought (decline/ airline -online/ offline) are things

bought using the internet.38- The postman brought new clothes (colleague/ dialogue –

catastrophe -catalogue) this morning. It has more than a 1000 pages and is very heavy.39- If you have a (expand/ broadband/ beforehand/ demand)

connection, you can connect to the internet very quickly.40- My uncle has had a bank (account/ discount/ amount/

recount) since he was 18 and he has now saved a lot of money.41- Companies have interesting websites to try (distract/ attack/

restrict/ attract) customers.42- Many people prefer the (emotional/ multinational -traditional/

professional) way of buying things from shops and markets.43- Online (backing/ barking/ parking/ banking) is now very

common.44- I can't send e-mails because there is a problem with my

internet (connection/ infection/ correction/ direction).45- There has been a real (length/ strength/ growth/ depth) in

the number of people with broadband.46- One day, I'd like to work for a (commodity -curiosity/ density/

charity) organisation.47- (Interest/ Interested/ Interestingly/ Interests), many people

use the internet for different purposes.48- Lots of people have (gained/ complained/ maintained/

retained) about the noise.49- When you buy a new computer, you usually get software

included at no extra (cost/ wages/ salary/ fare).50- This is a (user-friendly /friendly user / use friendly/ friendly

use) printer. It's very simple for people to use.

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Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences:

1- What do your do?/ I'm reading a story.2- The better thing about this job is that it is well-paid.3- She felt ashamed because she did a silly mistake.4- Dr. Magdy Yacoub made many heart transplant operations.5- She helped me doing the job.6- Egypt sent a trade allegation to the conference.7- Policemen usually wear a platform.8- He had a kidney transport last year.9- The normal requirement age in Egypt is 60.10- She is interested on reading newspapers.11- The complimentary on the Olympic Games was much

better on the other channel.12- A carpenter represents one country in another.13- Could you give me a quick exploration of how this

machine works?14- This designer always comes up with new ideas. He is

very imaginary.15- They chose a famous lawyer to present them in court.16- He was driving with one hand and waving with the

another.17- She was the last student arrives at school.18- The government gives private care to setting up new

projects.19- I look forward to see that play.20- She allowed me using her computer.21- I need to draw some money out of my discount.22- The government is trying to contract more tourists to

visit Egypt.23- Many people in Egypt still wear conditional clothes.24- He couldn't decide which one he liked good.25- The information in this report is based on a spray

completed by 2000 students.

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Grammar

The Present Simple Tense البسيط المضارع

عادة أو متكرر حدث عن للتعبير يستخدم : Nurses look after patients in hospitals. Birds fly.

حقيقة عن للتعبير يستخدم :Water is a renewable form of energy.

طويلة: لفترة يتم حدث عن للتعبير يستخدم I have a bath every other day. I prefer coffee to

tea. و التعليمات إعطاء أو طلب حالة في البسيط المضارع يستخدم

: االتجاهاتHow do I get to the station? You go straight on, then you

turn left. يضاف عادة s مع للفعل he / she / it :

want wants hate hatesالتكرار علي الدالة الظروف تستخدم ( adverbs of frequency )

هى: التكرار علي الدالة الظروف و . To Be بعد و األفعال كل قبلnever / rarely = seldom / not often / sometimes = occasionally / often= frequently /usually / alwaysI always try to save energy. She's often late for work.

الزمن علي الدالة الظروف adverbs of time بداية في إما تأتي نهايتها أو الجملة

We watch TV every night. Every night we watch TV. فعل استخدام الحظ do أساسي كفعل :

He does his homework once a week. How often does he do his homework?

تستخدم don't / doesn't المضارع نفي حالة في : He studies hard. He doesn't study hard.

علي الدالة الظروف مع البسيط المضارع يستخدم أن يمكن و : اآلتية الكلمات و الزمن

ever / generally / / nowadays / on Mondays, on Tuesdays / twice a year / every week , day, year, summer….. Do you ever go to school on Friday? She frequently visits

the Pyramids.

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تستخدم do / does البسيط المضارع عن السؤال حالة في : المصدر في الفعل ويكون

Do you speak English?Does she play tennis?

Present Continuous Tense المضارع المستمر

التكوين : Am/ is / are + v. +ing

: عليه الدالة الكلماتnow / at the moment / look! / Listen! / at presentShe is writing a letter now. I am reading an interesting book at the moment.

المستمرة األزمنة في األفعال هذه استخدام عدم الحظ :

love يحب like يحب hate يكره prefer يفضل

want يريد need يحتاج deserve يستحق

suppose

يفترض

mean يعنى understand

يفهم believe يصدق

remember

يتذكر

contain

يحوى consist يتكون

know يعرف

belong يخص

see يرى hear يسمع

smell يشم taste يتذوق

recognize

يتعرفعلى

realize يدرك surprise يفاجئ

astonish

يدهش

seem يبدو possess يمتلك

own يمتلك

depend يعتمد

concern

يهم/يتعلق

matter يهم lack ينقص

owe يدين

weigh

يزن measure يقيس

agree يوافق

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am / is / are + being + PP. المضارع للمجهول المبنى صيغة في المستمر

Somebody is cleaning the room. =The room is being cleaned.

المستمر: المضارع عن السؤال حالة في Is she doing the homework now?Are they painting the house at the moment?

حرف حذف الحظ e إضافة قبل ing بـ الفعل انتهي إذا إال ee : invite inviting write writing

فعل ذلك عن ويشذ dye يصبغ بمعني : She is dyeing her hair.

متحرك يسبقه ساكن بحرف وتنتهي الواحد المقطع ذات األفعال : ing إضافة قبل األخير الحرف فيها ن~ضاعف

hit hitting sit sitting dig digging runrunningThey are digging a well at the moment.

إضافة قبل اآلتية األفعال في األخير الحرف مضاعفة أيضا والحظ ing : :

prefer preferring refer referring begin beginning

Past Simple Tense البسيط الماضي

البسيط الماضي يستخدم : الماضي: في معين وقت في انتهي حدث عن للتعبير -1

I went to Cairo last week. The Chinese invented printing centuries ago.

الماضي: في قصــة سياق في- 2Sam walked down the road to the block of flats on the corner.

He went through the door and pressed the button for the lift. He went up to …..

الماضي: في عادة أو موقف عن للتعبير -3 When I was young, we lived in Alex.

للفعل يضاف ed انتهى إذا و البسيط الماضي استخدام عند : فقط d له يضاف e بـ الفعل

help helped live lived مثل كلمات مع غالبا البسيط الماضي يستخدم :

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last (year, night, week, month / summer) / ago / yesterday / in ancient times / once upon a time / the other day, year (= a few days, years ago)/ in 2000 / in the past

How many symphonies did Beethoven compose? ( السؤال حالة في )

Did you see Peter at lunch time? I didn’t know him then. ( النفي حالة في )

استخدام عند أنه الحظ did أو السؤال في didn’t النفي في ، : المصدر في الفعل معهما يأتي

Did it rain? It didn’t rain. Did you go out last night, Tom? Yes, I went to the cinema, but I didn’t enjoy the film.

من الماضي ان الحظ To Be هو : was / were Why were you so angry? Tom wasn’t at work

yesterday للمجهول المبني في البسيط الماضي :

Was / were + PPHe wrote the letter a few days ago. The letter was written

a few days ago.

Past Continuous Tense المستمر الماضي التكوين :

Was / Were + V-ing المستمر الماضي يستخدم past continuous : : الماضي في معين وقت أثناء مستمر حدث عن للتعبير -1

Between six and half past six this morning, I was having breakfast.

: آخر حدث قطعه الماضي في مستمر حدث عن للتعبير -220

I was having a shower when the phone rang.: الماضي في موقف أو قصة سياق في يأتي -3

I was studying Chemistry when I met Jane. He was doing research when they arrested him.

مثل كلمات مع غالبا المستمر الماضي يستخدم :While / when / As / Just as

While (When) we were doing the homework, it started to rain.

أنأن الحظالحظ whenwhen بسيطبسيط ماضيماضي بعدهابعدها يأتييأتي أنأن يمكن يمكن :: We were doing the homework when it started to rain.

معمع الحدثينالحدثين يكونيكون أنأن يمكنيمكن whilewhile المستمرالمستمر الماضيالماضي في في :: While I was studying, my father was reading.

معمع الحدثينالحدثين يكونيكون أنأن يمكنيمكن whenwhen البسيطالبسيط الماضيالماضي في في :: When he arrived , he found the door locked.

استخداماستخدام يمكنيمكن OnOn منمن بدال بدال whenwhen يعدهايعدها يأتييأتي و و : :V+ ingV+ ing When he arrived , he found the door locked. (On …)On arriving, he found the door locked.

استخداماستخدام يمكنيمكن duringduring منمن بدال بدال whilewhile يعدهايعدها يأتييأتي و و noun /noun / V+ ingV+ ing : :

While he was playing the game, he got hurt. (during) During the game, he got hurt. He got hurt during the

game. بعدبعد الفعلالفعل andand يسبقها:يسبقها: الذيالذي الفعلالفعل شكلشكل نفسنفس يأخذ يأخذ

He was writing a letter and listening to some music. She has finished work and gone home.

استخداماستخدام عدمعدم الحظالحظ to Beto Be المستمر:المستمر: الماضيالماضي في في While I was at school, I worked to a plan.

The Present Perfect Tense التام المضارع

التكوين : Have / Has + PP.

He has just bought a new car. * They have already done the shopping.

عن: للتعبير التام المضارع يستخدم 21

: الحاضر في تأثير له يزال وال الماضي في تم حدث -1 My car has broken down. = I have to go to work by bus.

: الحاضر في مستمر زال ما و الماضي في تم حدث- 2 I have done this job for many years. = I still do this job. BUT I lived in Cairo for many years. = I live somewhere else

now.( بسيط ماضي )

مثـل كلمات مع التام المضـارع يستخدم :already / just / ever / never / yet / since / for / lately /

recently / so far / up till now

يلـي بمـا الجملة بدأت إذا يستخدم و : It’s/This is the first (second…) time.. It’s(This) is the only… In the last few

years/months In recent years over the ages / over the years / over the centuries علي

/ مر القرون/ السنين العصور It’s the first time I have been to this place.This is the only play I have seen. Egypt has made great progress in the last few years.

أنأن الحظالحظ ever/never/just/ alreadyever/never/just/ already بينبين تأتيتأتي have/hashave/has .. PPPP : : الثالثالثالث والتصريفوالتصريف

I have just written the letter. استخداماستخدام الحظالحظ everever وو السؤالالسؤال في في nevernever اإلجابةاإلجابة في في ::

Have you ever travelled by plane? No, I have never travelled by plane.

Just = a short time ago/ a minute/ a moment ago They left the building a minute ago. (just) * = They have

just left the building. استخداماستخدام الحظالحظ since / forsince / for

Since + الحدث بداية

Since last week / last summer / 1999 / five o’clock / October / this morning / yesterday / then / Monday / breakfast

For + الحدث مدة

For a week / the last week / a year / five hours / three months / two days / a long time

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I haven’t cleaned the house for a week. She hasn’t phoned us since October.

معمع واحــدواحــد فعـلفعـل وجـودوجـود حــالةحــالة فيفي sincesince التامالتام المضارعالمضارع نستخدم نستخدم :: بعدبعد يأتييأتي ،، فعلينفعلين وجـودوجـود حـالةحـالة فيفي sincesince بسيطبسيط ماضيماضي pastpast

simplesimple التامالتام المضارعالمضارع فيفي الثانيالثاني الفعلالفعل و و :: I haven’t seen her since she graduated.

استخداماستخدام يمكنيمكن أنهأنه الحظالحظ agoago مـع مـع sincesince : : I haven't seen him since three years ago.

وجودوجود حالةحالة فيفي ولكنولكن agoago نستخدمنستخدم ،، فقط فقط past simplepast simple : : I saw him three years ago.

Last / The last time / ago + past simple

استخداماستخدام عندعند since / forsince / for نستخدمنستخدم السابقةالسابقة الكلماتالكلمات منمن بدالبدال :: منفىمنفى تامتام مضارعمضارع

I last had my hair cut when I was in Cairo. (since) = I haven’t had my hair cut since I was in Cairo. The last time I met Jennie was in 2000. (since / for ) = I haven’t met Jennie since 2000. = I haven’t met Jennie

for 9 years. = I haven't met Jennie since 9 years ago. The last time I played chess was six years ago. (since/for) = I haven’t played chess since 2003. = I haven’t played

chess for six years. = I haven't played chess since six years ago.

استخداماستخدام حالةحالة فيفي agoago منمن بدال بدال forfor نستخدم نستخدم started to /started to / began to + infbegan to + inf . :

He has learnt English for six years.(ago)* He began / started to learn English six years ago.

استخداماستخدام عندعند انهانه الحظالحظ sincesince منمن بدالبدال forfor التركيبالتركيب نستخدمنستخدم : اآلتياآلتي

It’s + It’s + زمنيةزمنية فترةفترة + since + + since + فاعلفاعل + + + last + + last + بسيطبسيط ماضيماضي

He hasn’t visited his uncle for a long time.(since) *It’s a long time since he last visited his uncle.

استخداماستخدام عندعند انهانه الحظالحظ everever منمن بدالبدال nevernever صيغةصيغة نستخدمنستخدم تفضيل:تفضيل:

I have never done such a tiring job. (This is…)* = This is the most tiring job I have ever done.

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استخداماستخدام عندعند أنهأنه الحظالحظ nevernever منمن بدالبدال everever نستخدمنستخدم suchsuch (a/an) adj. + n(a/an) adj. + n .. ::

This is the worst luck I have ever had. (never)* = I have never had such bad luck.

استخداماستخدام الحظالحظ yetyet المنفيــةالمنفيــة الجملةالجملة فيفي I haven’t finished my homework yet.

استخداماستخدام حالةحالة فيفي yetyet منمن بدال بدال stillstill منفىمنفى تامتام مضارعمضارع نستخدم نستخدم المستمر:المستمر: المضارعالمضارع منمن بدالبدال

He is still writing the report. (yet) He hasn’t finished writing the report yet.

تستخدمتستخدم yetyet بهـابهـا جمــلةجمــلة نفينفي فيفي just / alreadyjust / already :: He has just arrived. He hasn’t arrived yet.

الماضي يتكون آخر قبل وقع حدث علي ليدل ويستخدم . had + PP من التام اآلتية: الروابط مع عادة ويستخدم الماضي في

After / When / As soon as / + بسيط ماضي تام ماضي till / until منفي( غالبا) بسيط ماضي

تام ماضي Before / By the time + تام ماضي بسيط ماضي No sooner سؤال صيغة في تام ماضي than

بسيط ماضيHardly / scarcely سؤال صيغة في تام ماضي when بسيط ماضي

►After I had done the shopping, I visited a friend.►As soon as I had known he was ill, I visited him.►I didn't know about the competition until I had read the papers.►Before he cleaned the room, he had seen the film.►By the time my friend arrived, I had finished my homework.►No sooner had I gone out, than it started to rain

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The past Perfect Tense التام الماضي

مالحظات هامة على األزمنةالمستمر المضارع علي يدل التاليتين الجملتين في المعني

► Hurry up! We are all waiting for you.► Be quiet. I am studying my lessons.

المستمر: الماضي علي يدل التالية الجملة في المعني ► Between 9 and 11 p.m. yesterday, he was watching TV.

البسيط: الماضي علي يدل التالية الجملة في المعني ► I spent all my childhood in Cairo.

اآلتية: األسئلة بين المعني في الفرق الحظ

What are you doing? لحظة في الشخص يفعله عما للسؤال الكالم I am reading a story. / I am studying my lessons. What do you do? I am an engineer. / I am a dentist.

الوظيفة عن للسؤالHow do you do? مرة ألول نقابله لشخص تقال تحيةHow do you do? / I'm pleased to meet you. أن يمكن أننا والحظ

الرد في الصيغة نفس نستخدمفي تكون لصديق الخطاب كتابة في المستخدمة العبارات بعض

المستمر: المضارع►I'm writing this letter to tell you that …►I'm looking forward to hearing from you.

األفعال feel / hurt المستمر المضارع في تستخدم أن يمكن البسيط: المضارع أو

►How do you feel? / How are you feeling?►My head hurts. / My head is hurting.

أو الحاضر علي يدل بمعني البسيط الماضي يستخدم مثل: معينة حاالت في المستقبل

بعد فاعل وجود حالة في I'd rather / It is time يستخدم البسيط الماضي

►I'd rather you didn't smoke here.►It is time we went home. It is too late.

بعد البسيط الماضي ويستخدم I wish التمني عن التعبير حالة في الحاضر: في

►I wish I had a computer. = I don't have a computer now. بعد البسيط الماضي ويستخدم If عن للتعبير الثانية الحالة في

مستقبل:►If he had enough money, he would travel abroad.

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اآلتية: الجمل بين المعني في الفرق الحظ ►When I woke up, my father left. = He left at the moment I woke up.►When I woke up, my father had left. = He left before I woke up.

►I saw my cousin again last year. I thought he was tall. (I thought he was tall at the time I saw him.►I saw my cousin again last year. I had thought he was tall. (I thought he was tall before I saw him.)

Conjunctionsand: We went to the market and the zoo. We went to the market. We went to the zoo. (and)Besides + v-ing إلى باإلضافة

Besides going to the market, we went to the zoo.In addition to + v- ing إلي باإلضافة

In addition to going to the market, we went to the zoo.

In addition جملة+ ذلك إلى باإلضافة We went to the market. In addition, we went to the zoo.as well as + V-ing إلي باإلضافة

As well as going to the market, we went to the zoo.السابقالسابق المثالالمثال فيفي الجملتينالجملتين فيفي واحدواحد الفاعلالفاعل أنأن الحظالحظ

استخدمتاستخدمت إذاإذا as well asas well as فانفان ،، الفاعلالفاعل فيهمافيهما يختلفيختلف جملتينجملتين ربطربط فيفي األول:األول: الفاعلالفاعل يتبعيتبع الفعلالفعل

I am very keen on computer. My brother is very keen on computer.I ,as well as my brother, am very keen on computer.

We not only went to the market, but also we went to the zoo.We not only went to the market, but we went to the zoo as well.

بـبـ الجملةالجملة بدأتبدأت إذاإذا Not onlyNot only سؤالسؤال صيغةصيغة بعدهابعدها يستخدميستخدم Not only did we go to the market, but also we went to the zoo.

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not only …….. but also أيضا ولكن.. فقط ليس not only …….. but …… as well أيضا... ولكن.. فقط ليس

السبب:السبب: علىعلى الدالةالدالة الروابطالروابط

تستخدمتستخدم V+ ingV+ ing استخداماستخدام عندعند الجملتينالجملتين فيفي واحدواحد الفاعلالفاعل كانكان إذا إذا due to / because of / through / owing to/on account ofdue to / because of / through / owing to/on account of

They arrived at school late. They missed the bus. (because of) They arrived at school late because of missing the bus.. The match was cancelled. There was a bad storm. (because of) The match was cancelled because of a bad storm.We stayed in. The weather was cold. (due to) We stayed in due to the cold weather. We lost the match as we played badly. (owing) We lost the match owing to bad play. We lost the match owing to playing badly. The war was lost. The troops were badly organized. (through) The war was lost through bad organization of the troops. He couldn’t come to the meeting since he was ill. (due to) He couldn’t come to the meeting due to his illness.Since/As he had no money, he couldn’t buy a bike. (Because of) Because of not having any money, he ----------------. Because of having no money, he ----------------.

نستخدم: نستخدم: النتيجةالنتيجة عنعن للتعبيرللتعبير

My bicycle is broken. I'll have to walk.(so) * My bicycle is broken, so I'll have to walk.

The machine is very old. I don't expect it to work very well.(therefore)

* The machine is very old, therefore I don't expect it to work very well.

لهله المضافالمضاف الفعلالفعل inging باستخدامباستخدام ينفي ينفي notnot :قبله:قبله

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BecauseSinceAS

جملة +

because of noundue to +ThroughOn account ofowing to

adj. n.v-ing

So لذلك / That’s why السبب لهذا / Therefore لذلك / Consequently بالتالي / Thus

جملةجملة منمن بدالبدال becausebecause بــبــ الجملةالجملة تبدأتبدأ أنأن يمكن يمكن BeingBeing بعدهابعدها و و الجملةالجملة باقيباقي ثمثم الصفةالصفة

He didn’t go out because he was ill. (Being..)Being ill, he didn’t go out.

التناقض:التناقض: عليعلي الدالةالدالة الروابطالروابط

He is young. He is strong. He is young, but he is strong.= He is young, however he is

strong.= He is young. However, he is strong.بـبـ الجملةالجملة بدأتبدأت إذاإذا أنهأنه الحظالحظ HoweverHowever وو الفاعلالفاعل ثمثم الصفةالصفة بعدهابعدها يأتي يأتي

الفعلالفعلHowever young he is, he is strong.

Although/ Though / Even though من بالرغم He is rich. He feels unhappy. Although he is rich, he feels unhappy.

معمع الجملالجمل ترتيبترتيب الحظالحظ although / though / even thoughalthough / though / even though حيث حيث . . الثانيةالثانية الجملةالجملة فيفي يأتييأتي لمتوقعلمتوقع غيراغيرا الحدثالحدث أنأن

هوهو المتوقعالمتوقع غيرغير الحدثالحدث أنأن نجدنجد السابقالسابق المثالالمثال فيفي وو He feelsHe feels unhappyunhappy

Although he was poor, he felt happy. (In spite of) In spite of being poor, he felt happy. In spite of his poverty, he felt happy.

Though there was noise outside, I went to sleep immediately. (Despite)

Despite the noise outside, I went to sleep immediately. The man was a criminal. He was set free. (Despite) Despite being a criminal, the man was set free.

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In spite of the fact thatDespite the fact that

+ جملة

But / However

In spite of Despite من الرغم علي + n. / -ing / adj.+ n.

Despite the fact that the man was a criminal, he was set free.

ExercisesChoose the correct answer:1-(Are you thinking/ You are thinking/ Do you thinking/ Do you

think) people should work in their 70s or 80s?2-She's (delaying/ dying/ dyeing/ paying) her hair at the

moment.3-I only (buy/ buys/ bought/ buying) my new camera last week,

but I (take already/ have already taken/ has already taken/ will already take) 300 photos with it.

4- My father (work/ is worked/ working/ works) in a bank in the city centre. He (works/ has worked/ was working/ worked) there for 15 years.

5- My company (has/ have/ had/ is having/ will have) an important meeting last month. A delegation (come/ came/ is coming/ would come) from their office in Japan.

6- I (am/ is/ had been/ was) so tired last night that I (fallen/ falls/ to fall/ fell) asleep while I (was watching/ watches/ have watched/ had watched) a film on TV.

7-At the moment we (are doing/ do/ have done/ were doing) a history project at school. It (was/ has/ does/ is) very interesting.

8- It (does not often rain/ not often rains/ is not often raining/ will not often rain) in Egypt. It (was/ were/ been/ is) usually hot and sunny, so we need air conditioning in many of our buildings.

9- I first (meet/ have met/ met/ meeting) my best friend 2 years ago.

10-What (were you done/ you were doing/ do you do/ were you doing) at 3 o'clock yesterday?

11-She plays the piano (as/ as well/ well/ and) the violin. 12-Not only (he has been/ has he been/ he was/ he had been)

late three times. But also she has done no work

13-Besides (was/ is/ are/ being) cold the place was damp. 14-He can’t write to his friend (because/ because of/ as/

since) not knowing his address. 29

15-I had to take a taxi (as/ because of/ owing to/ due to) It was raining heavily.

16-He was put in prison (because/ as/ since/ so) of not paying the fine.

17-Many city dwellers move to the country (for the reason that/ because of/ owing to/ due to)

there is a great amount of pollution.

18-Despite (to have/ having/ he has/ has he) limited vocabulary, he speaks English fluently.

19-(However/ In spite/ Although/ Despite) the cost of living here is high, there are many advantages.

20-Frank was very careful, (despite/ because/ so/ however), he lost his money

21-He felt sick (so/ because/ in order to/ unless) he ate too much

22-He says he likes sport. (As/ However/ So/ In order to), he only watches it on TV.

23-He won’t do any work for you (so/ although/ unless/ in order to) you pay him.

24-I continued running (because/ in order to/ unless- although) I felt very tired.

25-She’s quite healthy (as/ unless/ even though/ because) she never takes any exercise.

26-1- John (paints/ will paint -is painting/ has painted) the garage at the moment.

27-She (is liking/ likes/ liking/ to like) her new school. Everybody there is friendly.

28-We (are looking/ have looked/ had looked/ looking) for new furniture for the living room at present.

29-They (have just received/ are just receiving/ haven't just received/ just to receive) a reply from the oil company.

30-She (exercise/ exercises/ exercising/ have exercised) three times a week.

31-I (was drawing/ am drawing/ am drawn/ has drawn) a picture right now.

32-Water (is freezing/ will freeze/ was freezing/ freezes) at 0º C.33-While Stacey (goes/ was going/ went/ has gone) shopping

for fruit, she met an old friend.

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34-Look at this camera I (was buying/ buy/ bought/ have bought) for my sister yesterday.

35-Last night, while I (surf/ was surfing/ was being surfed/ am surfing) the internet, I found the camera was much cheaper to buy online.

36-I (don't see/ am seeing/ haven't seen/ has seen) him for two years.

37-I'm sure your sister will love the present you (have bought/ buy/ buying/ may have bought) her.

38-At 7.15 yesterday I (will have/ have had/ am having/ was having) dinner with my family.

39-It (is/ was/ had been/ has been) so cold since yesterday.40-I've just (been seen/ being seen/ saw/ seen) my friend Peter.

He is going shopping.41-I (sent/ have sent/ had sent/ will send) you an e-mail earlier

this morning.42-I (never be/ have never been/ am never/ was never) to

Acapulco before.43-When my father (comes/ has come/ had come/ came) home,

I was finishing my homework.44-In June, 2008, I (would visit/ visited/ had visited/ was visited)

my uncle in Canberra. 45-I (don't finish/ have to finish/ haven't finished/ didn't finish)

my project yet.46-The fire (was not/ didn't/ weren't/ couldn't) put out until the

firemen arrived.47-Before (boarded/ had boarded/ boarding/ boards) the plane,

security men checked the bags.48-As soon as he (received/ has received/ receiving/ receives)

the fax, he telephoned us.49-Nobody left the building until the meeting (had ended/ has

ended/ ends/ would end).50-He (has/ will have/ has had/ is having) a history lesson at

the moment.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences 1-What did you do since the weekend?2-When would you start to learn English?/ Two years ago.3-I want to be a doctor since I was ten.

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4-When I was eight. I have seen a programme about a famous doctor on TV.5-We were having a meeting at work this morning when suddenly all the lights were going out.6-At the moment my sister trains to be a primary teacher.7-Metals are expanding when they are heated.8-She does research on plants a few years ago.9-I knew him for ten years.10-I didn't see the film yet.11-They were arrested as breaking the law. 12-He had to apologize owing to he made a shameful mistake.13-As well as she studied hard, she played tennis regularly.14-If he reads the questions carefully, he answers them.15-There were no accidents though the dangerous roads.16-I like most school subjects because I don't like physics.17-As soon as seeing the accident, I called the police.18-However the box was heavy, he could carry it.19-In addition to he wrote the letter, he saw the film.20-Because they played very well, they lost the match.21-What were you doing when I am calling you?22-By the time my father was 18, he has been at work for two years.23-My sister is really happy. She is just winning the first prize.24-Alexandria was the last place I was spending a holiday.25-In the past, people thought that the earth has been flat.26-I will see a good film recently.27-He would give me back my money a few hours ago.28-At the moment he has cleaned the room.29-I am understanding this math problem very well.30-I didn't eat hamburger since last October.

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