OPTIMIZATION GROUP PRESENTATIONGROUP MEMBERS:

GITTA FITRIANIHELENA FRANCIS

JANNATUL FATIHAH BINTI IZAHAMKHESHAWARTHINI A/P

SANTHERASAYGARGAMLOSHANYA A/P RENUGOPAL

MAHA LETCHUMY A/P GUNALANMIRISSE GALAPATHIGE NANDINITHINESHWARI A/P MANAMARAN

Introduction Primitive Design

Different Production Pathway

Train Separation

INTRODUCTION

Colourless Flammable Gas

Mild-Gasoline

Like Odour

Condensed into

liquid at -4.5°C

Contact with liquid leads to frostbite

ButadieneWhat is Butadiene????• Unsaturated

Hydrocarbon• With two double

bonds

Uses Of Butadiene:

chemical intermediate in the production of synthetic rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene (PBR)

and nitrile rubber (NR)

Rubber and latexes from butadiene used to produce:• SBR and PBR to produce tires and plastics

• NR is used in gloves and hoses

Production of

butadiene:

Extractive distillation from

butyleneDehydrogenatio

n of n-butene

PRIMITIVE DESIGN

• Butadiene Demand Is Recovering As Economic Growth• The Global Market For 1,3 Butadiene Was Estimated At US$ 22 Billion

On 2011 And Is Estimated To Rise By 45.6% In The Next 5 Years And Reach A Market Size Of Approximately US$ 32 Billion By Year 2018.• The Largest Use For Butadiene Is In Production Of Synthetic Elastomers.

Elastomer Production Represents 60-65% Of World Butadiene Demand, With Majority Consumed In Tires

The Demand For Elastomers Is Expected To Rise At A CAGR Of 5.8% During 2012-2018.

The Major Consumers Of Butadiene Are Regions Such As China, Europe And Us, Where These Regions Have The Highest Demand For Elastomer Which Account For 68% Of The Global Butadiene Market.

PATHWAY TO PRODUCE BUTADIENE

BASF Extraction Process

Oxo-D Process

Catadiene Process

Components Separations Cost ABC A/BC B/C $260000

AB/C A/B $260000

Components Separations Cost ABC A/BC B/C $325000

AB/C A/B $325000

Components Separation CostAB A/B $240000

TRAIN SEPARATION SYSTEM

ROUTE A

ROUTE B

ROUTE C

# Cost Calculated based from Alibaba.com

Establish whether the project is viable

Help identify feasible options

Assist in the development of

other project documentation

such as the business case,

project execution plan and strategic

brief.

The likelihood that an environmental impact assessment will be required.

FEASIBILITY STUDIES

ROUTE A: STEAM CRACKING OF PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBON (ETHYLENE CO-PRODUCT PROCESS)

Highest Purity

High Impurities From Crude Butadiene Distillation.

Complicated And Costly Process.

Makes Use Of Toxic Chemicals.

High Temperature.Requires Variety Of

Feedstock.

BENEFITS DRIVING SUSTAINABILITY

CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABILITY

COMPARISON BETWEEN THREE PROCESSES

ROUTE B: CATALYTIC DEHYDROGENATION OF N-BUTANE AND N-BUTENE (HOUDRY PROCESS)

Regeneration Cycle To Supply Back Heat.

High Purity In Recycle Recovery Of Butadiene.

High Temperature.C1-c3 Hydrocarbons And

Hydrogen By-products.Coke Formation.Low Yield.High Process Costs.

BENEFITS DRIVING SUSTAINABILITY

CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABILITY

ROUTE C: OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF N-BUTENE (O-X-D PROCESS).

Low Heat Energy.Safest Feedstock.Low Process Cost.Low Feedstock Price.High Conversion And

Selectivity.

High Temperature.Some Undesired By-

products.

BENEFITS DRIVING SUSTAINABILITY

CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABILITY

JUSTIFICATION• Route C Has The Best Potential Toward

Sustainability.

Still Much Research Needed To Improve And Reduce The Amounts Of Undesired By-products.

In This Case, Use Of A Better Catalyst Would Be Further Useful And Add To Sustainability Positively.

Environmental

EconomicSocial

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

BEST ROUTE SELECTED

Route C: Oxidative Dehydrogenation

Temperature:

500 ºC – 600 ºC Low

PressureHeterogeneous

Catalyst: Fe/Zn/M

g/Mn

OPERATING CONDITIONS

Chemical Reaction at Reactor

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Mixtures of n-butene and air with oxygen/butene molar ratio of approximately 0.55 is fed into reactor at low pressure and temperature of approximately 500 ºC to 600 ºC.

The reaction was aided by adding heterogeneous catalyst. The reaction is an exothermic reaction and evolve heat that cause temperature to rise. HIGH TEMPERATURE RISE LEADS TO FORMATION OF UNDESIRED BY-PRODUCT (Formation of Carbon Dioxide).

Using Topological Approach, to remove unwanted by-product steam is added to feed stream to act as a heat sink. Addition of steam aids heat evolved from the reactor effluent and also limits temperature rise.

Although addition of steam requires some expenses, it also innitiates HIGH SELECTIVITY of 93 % with conversion of 65 % of n-butene in the reactor.

Product from the reactor effluent is cooled at quench tower and C4 component enters scrubber to remove liquid traces and is recovered in the combination column to separation crude 1,3-butadiene from lean oil mixtures.

• Instead of using compressor, a PUMP is added into the process flow diagram.

Arrangement of equipments!!!!! .

ALTERNATIVE TOPOLOGICAL APPROACH

CONCLUSION

It can be said that the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butene is by far THE BEST method that can be used to produce butadiene in the current industry.

THE MAIN REASONS :

• this process consumes lesser energy in total, resulting in a lower cost. • the raw materials used are also cheaper than those used in other processes.• there are fewer unit operations which means that the production of butadiene requires lesser energy which contributes to a lower cost.• the catalyst does not need regeneration.