FINAL PRESENTATION 2 - no name
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An Empirical Study into the Power Dynamics of a
Standard Wind Turbine Model Subject to Various
Rotor-Blade Angle Tilt Offsets
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Introduction• Lift production is highest on the outer section of the wind turbine blade (Figure 1)
• Goal is to analyze the torque, rotational speed, efficiency, and power output of wind turbine with the turbine blades tilted over a range of offset angles. (Refer to Figure 2)
• We plan to create the following angular offset rotor parts (10 total) : 0°, 0° (2 blades for experimental control part) +4°, - 4°, +7°, - 7°, +10°, - 10°, +30°, - 30°.
- Tilt+ Tilt 0 Tilt
Figure 1: Lift Production vs. blade section Figure 2: Sample of Different Tilt Angles
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Turbine Blade Design and Analysis Tools
Design:
Analysis:
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Constant Variables in Blade Design
Constant Rotor
Swept AreaConstant Blade Pitch Angle
Blade Pitch
Angle ≈ 22.00°
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Vertical Reference Plane(0° rotational offset)
Approval For 3D Printing of Ten Blades
Example Blade: -7° Blade Rotational Offset From Vertical Reference Plane
Rotor Axis of Rotation(Rotor Hub, connects to generator-
nacel testing fixture)
-7° Rotational Rotor Blade Offset Angle -Please Note:
• We wish to 3D-print 10 rotor parts
total (made with two 16” x 14” 3D-
printer trays, approximately 10-15
hours of manufacturing time).
• Each rotor part will be 6 inches in
outer diameter.
• Parts will be made from polycarbonate
(for durability in wind tunnel).
• 10 rotor parts can fit on each 3D-
printer 16” x 14” tray.
• We plan to create the following
angular offset rotor parts (10 total) :
0° x 2 (experimental control part)
+4°, - 4°, +7°, - 7°, +10°, - 10°,
+30°, - 30°.
Quantitative Single Rotor-Part Reference
Metrics (from Solidworks):
1. Polycarb Density = 0.04 pounds per cubic inch
2. Total Mass = 0.01 lbm/ per rotor part
3. Total Volume = 0.26 in^3/ per rotor part
4. Total Surface area = 8.76 in^2 / per rotor part
5. $20.00 Printing Price per cubit inch.
10 rotor parts ≈ 2.6 cubic inches total ≈ $50
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3D Printing Process
• ≈ $ 50.00 to print 10 parts in polycarbonate material.
• 10-15 hour printing time (overnight).
Placement on 14’’X16’’ 3D printer
Tray
ASU’s Fortus 400MC 3D
Printer
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Physical Analysis Set-Up
Wind Turbine
Blades
IR Sensor to
measure angular
velocity
Electric
Generator
Electrical
Output to
Multi-Meter
Angular
Velocity Data
Output to
DAQ
IR Sensor Support
(Adjustable to multiple
blade angles)
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Wind Tunnel Testing Variations
(10 Rotors w/ Angles: 2x 0o, ±4o, ±7o, ±10o, ±30o) x
(4 Wind Speeds: 7 m/s, 10 m/s, 12 m/s, 17 m/s) x
(2 sets of tests: Open Circuit and Closed Circuit)
= 80 wind tunnel tests
Constants
Ambient Temperature and Pressure
Resistance
Rotor Swept Area
Results
Maximum Voltage Produced
Angular Velocity
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Open Circuit Testing Procedures1. Set rotor in place
2. Ramp up to maximum testing speed (17 m/s)
3. Record voltage and angular frequency graph at each
wind speed
4. Test through all 4 wind speeds
5. Repeat for the remaining 9 rotors
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Closed Circuit Testing Procedures1. Setup the resistor to create a closed circuit
2. Set rotor in place
3. Ramp up to maximum testing speed (17 m/s)
4. Record voltage and angular frequency graph at each
wind speed
5. Test through all 4 wind speeds
6. Repeat for the remaining 9 rotors
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Experimental DataConfiguration Power Flow Diagram
Blade
Efficiency &
Losses
Generator
Efficiency &
Losses
Air Velocity, Air
Density Data
Pair = ½*ρ*A*vair^3
Angular Velocity,
Voltage (OC) Data
Pblades = I * α * ω*(Based on Ang. Velocity Data)
Angular Velocity, Voltage
(OC) Data
Pelectrical = V^2/R*(Voltage prop. to Ang.
Velocity Data)
Pair PelectricalPblades
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Rotor Angular Velocity vs. Wind Speed
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Rotor Angular Velocity Power Functions:ω = A*(vair)^b
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Rotor Angular Velocity vs. Tilt Angle Design Curve
Bimodal Curve
(2 Maxima)!
Positive Angle
Maxima ≈ +20°
Negative Angle
Maxima ≈ -25°
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Wind Tunnel Simulation Clip
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What Did We Determine?
• The tilt angle seems to affect the rotor’s power output (i.e. rotational velocity) along a very
nonlinear, bimodal curve.
o It was visually verified that both the +30° & -30° rotors spun faster than the
baseline 0° rotor.
o Multiple rotors with small offset angles (i.e. +7° to -7°) spun slower than the
extreme angles, and a few rotors (i.e. +4°) resisted rotation all together.
• For maximum power output (i.e. rotational velocity) at a given wind speed and blade
pitch angle (i.e. 22°), one should use a tilt angle at either of the two maxima on the
bimodal design curve chart.
• Physical Reasoning for this Nonlinear Relationship?
• Investigation needs to continue, varying pitch angles and tilt angle together to
better define how the two angles interact and possibly create stall points.
• However, in terms of the conical shape that is formed at the rotor’s extreme
angles: one could speculate either cyclonic (rotating wake) or pressurization
effects (nozzle/diffuser) come into play!
• Possible Explanation: As power imparted by the air to the blades is incoming,
the air forces act over a longer “chord” distance and/or is pressurized leading to
better extraction efficiencies.
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QUESTIONS?