Final Mnp Report(2)

8/7/2019 Final Mnp Report(2)

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MOBILE NUMBER PORTABILITY 2010-

2011

1. INTRODUCTION

Number Portability will allow subscribers to change their service provider whileretaining their old mobile number. Portability benefits subscribers and increases the level of

competition between service providers, rewarding service providers with the best customer

service, network coverage, and service quality.

Number portability is a circuit-switch telecommunications network feature that enables end

users to retain their telephone numbers when changing service providers, service types,

and/or locations. When fully implemented nation wide by wireline and wireless providers,

portability will remove one of the most significant deterrents to changing service, providing

unprecedented convenience for consumers, and encouraging unrestrained competition in the

telecommunications industry.

Mobile number portability (MNP) requires that mobile telephone customers can keep their

telephone numberincluding the prefixwhen switching from one provider of mobile

telecommunications services to another. In the absence of MNP, customers have to give up

their number and must adopt a new one when they switch operators. As a result, customers

face switching costs associated with informing people about changing their number, printing

new business cards, missing valuable calls from people that do not have the new number, etc.

Based on these considerations, many regulatory authorities have imposed mandatory MNP

or are about to require its introductionso as to reduce customers switching costs, attempting

to make mobile telecommunications more competitive.

1 Instrumentation Technology, JSSATE


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MOBILE NUMBER PORTABILITY 2010-2011

2. HISTORY

The worlds first country to introduce MNP was Singapore in 1997, followed by the

UK, Hong Kong and the Netherlands in 1999. As of 2003, a number of other countries,

Especially in Europe, require MNP.

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 (TA 96) tore down most of the significant barriers to

unfettered competition in telecommunications. However, the inability of end users to retain

their telephone numbers when changing service providers or types could potentially dissuade

consumers from making such a change, threatening to hinder industry competition and

growth. Congress addition of Section 251 (b)(2) to TA 96 addressed this obstacle by

defining number portability, requiring that all carriers deploy it, and setting deadlines for

implementation. FCC Docket No. 95-116 (In the Matter of Telephone Number Portability)

and subsequent FCC orders and reconsiderations reinforced Congress mandate and set the

machinery in motion to implement number portability.

The actions of both Congress and the FCC enabled consumers and businesses to choose new

providers, services, and locales while retaining their phone numbers, thereby fostering

competition in the telecommunications industry.

To ensure standardization across platforms for all participants, the FCC instructed the North

American Numbering Council (NANC) to determine which number portability method to

employ. Several options were investigated. The location routing number (LRN) method was

chosen because it appeared to be the most efficient and is now successfully implemented in

the wire line environment. The NANC then created the Local Number Portability Working

Group (LNPA-WG) and empowered it to select the appropriate technology, create standards,

determine operational processes, and develop and implement a deployment strategy. To

fulfill its responsibilities, the LNPA-WGwas granted the authority to convene appropriatesubcommittees as needed. Subcommittees created include the National Number Pooling and

Slow Horse groups, as well as the Wireless Number Portability subcommittee, which defines

integration issues between the wireless and the wireline industries. NeuStar was named the

Number Portability Administrator and operates the Number Portability Administration Center

(NPAC).



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2011

3. NUMBER PORTABILITY

Mobile number portability (MNP) enables mobile telephone users to retain their mobile

telephone numbers when changing from one mobile network operator to another.

Or

Mobile Number Portability means the facility which allows a subscriber to retain his

mobile telephone number when he moves from one Access Provider to another irrespective of

the mobile technology or from one cellular mobile technology to another of the same Access

Provider.

Types of mobile number portability

There are three types of number portability:

The government has defined and mandated three basic types of number portability: service

provider portability (commonly referred to as Local Number Portability), location portability,

and service portability. The three types may be combined to form variations on number

portability services.

Service provider portability

Location portability

Service portability

3.1. Service provider portability: Service provider portability or Local Number Portability (the term Local NumberPortability will continued to be used in referencing service provider portability), as defined in

the Telecommunications Act of 1996, is the ability of end users to retain existing directory

numbers at the same location as they change from one service provider to another.

With the introduction of local number portability, individual directory numbers in one



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Numbering Plan Area - Central Office Code (NPA-NXX) may be moved to a different

telephone switch. Therefore, the first six digits of a directory number (NPA-NXX) no longer

uniquely identify the switch that serves that customer. To identify the correct switch, the

concept of a location routing number (LRN) was introduced by industry experts and

approved by the FCC. Each switch that hosts portable numbers will be assigned a 10-digit

LRN that will be used in routing a call to that switch.

3.2. Location portability:

Location portability, as defined in the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) First

Report and Order, Docket No. 95-116, released July 2, 1996, is the ability of users of

telecommunications services to retain existing directory numbers without impairment of

quality, reliability, or convenience when moving from one physical location to another. In

this case, a given telephone number could be associated with any network termination device,

independent of location.

Location portability would allow customers to take their directory number when they move to

a geographic location outside of the original rate center. In the Second Memorandum Opinion

and Order on Reconsideration regarding FCC Docket 95-116, the FCC concluded that

nothing in the Act would preclude it from mandating location portability in the future;

however, no requirements have yet been designated or mandated

3.3. Service portability:

Service portability, as defined in the FCCs First Report and Order, Docket No. 95-116, is the

ability of users of telecommunications services to retain existing directory numbers without

impairment of quality, reliability, or convenience when switching from one service to another

service provided by the same carrier. The FCC has not addressed service portability at this

time, and requirements for service portability are still undefined.

In most countries, location portability and service portability are not enforced, and only

operator portability is implemented. There are two reasons for this. First, operator number

portability is considered essential for fair competition among operators, while location

portability and service portability are typically treated as value-added services. Second,



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implementation and operation costs can be significantly reduced if service portability and

location portability are not considered.

4. MOBILE NUMBER PORTABILITY (MNP)

ARCHITECTURE

Seven Basic components required to deploy MNP

Service Order Administration (SOA)

Number Portability Administration Center(NPAC)

Service Control Point Management Server (SCP MS)

Local Service Management System (LSM)

Signal Transfer Point (STP)

Service Control Point (SCP)

Service Control Point/Mobile Switch Center (SCP/MSC)

Service Order Administration (SOA)

Service order administration provides the functionality to interface to carriers order

and provisioning systems in order to update the NPAC for access by all other carriers. TheSOAs primary functions include subscription audit request/management; data

administration; data transfer to the NPAC; report generation; bulk-file parse and upload;

subscription tracking; legacy order entry interface; and logging. Depending on an individual

service providers requirements, the SOA may interface with multiple NPACs to allow for

nationwide number portability. The carrier-to-SOA connection may be custom-designed to

interface with existing carrier order entry systems. However, the SOA interface to the NPAC

is a common management information service element

(CMISE), providing subscription management functions as



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well as logging, error reporting, and alarm functions. Specific industry-approved interface

requirements are contained in the NANC Functional Requirements Specifications (FRS) and

Interoperable Interface Specification (IIS)



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Number Portability Administration Center (NPAC)

The FCCs First Report and Order, Docket No. 95-116 describes the third-party,

neutral database administration function in support of number portability. Called the number

portability administration center (NPAC), this database is designed to receive information

from both the incumbent and new service providers, validate the information received, and

download the new routing information when an activate message is received indicating that

the customer has been physically connected to the new service providers network. Each

ported number is a subscription version within NPAC that contains the new service

providers ID, the location routing number (LRN) associated with the new switch, and

routing data associated with additional services the customer may request (for example, line

information database (LIDB), calling name delivery (CNAM), and so on).


Fig.1. Architecture of MNP


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The NPAC also maintains a record of all ported numbers and a history file of all transactions

relating to the porting of a number. The NPAC provides audit functionality and the capability

to retransmit subscription version information to local service management systems under

certain conditions. The NPAC is not involved in real-time call processing.

The NPAC provides management, administration, oversight, and integration of NPAC

operations, hardware and software development, and all maintenance related functions. It is

responsible for meeting performance standards established by the industry and providing user

and technical support services and training for industry participants on an ongoing basis.

Local Service Management System (LSMS)

The local service management system is a fault-tolerant hardware and software

platform that contains the database of information required to enable routing and call

completion to ported telephone numbers. The primary functions of the LSMS are

subscription management, network data management, service provider data management,

error processing and notification, transaction event logging and reporting, transmission of

activation/deactivation events to the network elements, and audits.

The LSMS interface with the NPAC provides real-time activation/deactivation information

upon download from the NPAC and can send responses to the NPAC once a message or

subscription version is processed. Similar to the SOA, the interface between the LSMS and

the NPAC is CMISE and contains capabilities for event logging, security, and alarming. The

LSMS is expected to mirror NPAC ported routing information and can request updates from

the NPAC in a variety of ways if database synchronization is in question. Specific industry

approved interface requirements are contained in the NANC FRS and IIS

Service Control Point Management Server (SCP MS)

The service control point management system provides interface services betweenthe LSMS and the SCP. The SCP MS may or may not be physically integrated with the SCP.



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Service Control Point

The number portability database contains the routing information necessary to support

number portability. The NPDB provides the LNP association between the called party and the

carrier LRN, identifying the switch to which the call should be routed. The NPDB stores all

ported numbers within the ported domain. Carriers can choose between two different LNP

databases architectures for accessing the LRN associated with a particular directory number:

an integrated STP/SCP configuration or an STP with an adjunct SCP.

An LNP SCP provides the LRN for a particular directory number. The correct routing

information for SCP-based services, including line information database (LIDB), calling

name delivery (CNAM), custom local area signaling services (CLASS), and inter-switch

voice messaging (ISVM) for a ported directory number, is determined by 10-digit global title

translation (GTT), also provided in the NPDB

The SCP is a high-transaction-oriented server that receives intelligent network (IN) and

advanced intelligent network (AIN) 0.1 LNP Transactional Capabilities Application Part

(TCAP) messages or Number Portability Request (NPREQ) messages from the SSPs/MSCs

using the SS7 network.

As an alternative, some providers deploy an integrated STP/SCP platform, which enables

high transaction rates but requires fewer infrastructures (links and ports).

Signal Transfer Point (STP)

The signal transfer point receives the LRN query from the SSP/MSC and routes the

query to the appropriate LNP SCP. The STP returns the SCP response to the SSP/MSC.

Service Switch Point/ Mobile Switch Center (SSP/MSC)The exchangecarrier owns and operates the service switching point/mobile switch center. Service

switching points must be able to generate an LNP query to the SCP (via the STP

network) when a call is placed to a telephone number in a ported domain. A ported

domain is an MSA that has implemented number portability. A query is generated on

any call to an NPA-NXX that has been marked as portable in the local exchange

routing guide (LERG) and NPAC with at least one ported number.



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5. TECHNICALASPECT

There are three types of technical solutions, they are:

1. Number Pooling

2. Number portability database (NPDB)

3. Routing Mechanisms

5.1. Number Pooling:

It is widely recognized that the current method of allocating NPA-NXXs in blocks of10,000 is inefficient and contributing to shortages of numbering resources. In an effort to find

a more efficient method of allocation, FCC had approved a National Number Pooling plan for

network resource optimization. Number pooling is defined as the ability to share an NPA-

NXX among several facilities-based carriers within the same rate center. The concept of

pooling is based on the fact that whole blocks of telephone numbers, held by some service

providers, are not assigned or in service. Pooling allows these currently unassigned blocks of

numbers to be reassigned to other service providers in need of numbers, as they request and

show need. With pooling, service providers can maintain a small supply of numbers for

expected subscriber assignment. As that supply depletes, service providers will request

additional numbering resources from the industry inventory maintained by the Pooling

Administrator.

When a "pooled" block of numbers is transferred from one service provider to another, there

is some critical information that needs to be broadcast across the region to ensure effective

data provisioning for call routing. To facilitate the broadcasting of "pooled" blocks and

associated routing data, the Location Routing Method, the same platform used for LNP could

be used for implementation of national number pooling. This method of resource allocation

allows NXXs within a given NPA to be shared among entities that offer service to

subscribers within a defined geographic area (rate center). Specifically, it allows the

assignment of numbers to competitive service providers in blocks of 1000.



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5.2. Number Portability Database:

The number portability database (NPDB) keeps track of the ported numbers and their

respective service providers. The NPDB information is used to determine the correct

terminating network for the calls and messages. The NPDB can be either centralized or

distributed. In the centralized model, there exists a single reference database containing data

for the numbers of all service providers. The reference database is frequently copied to

service providers operational databases. In the distributed model there exist multiple

databases, each containing subsets of the total data, e.g. only the numbers assigned to

particular service provider.

In most of the countries a centralized database is used, and typically managed by a

consortium of mobile network operators.

5.3. Routing Mechanisms:

All Call Query would be the method that would be used to handle calls after MNP is

implemented.

All ported mobile numbers will be maintained in a Local Number Portability Database.Every Access Provider will be assigned a code called Location Routing Number. The

MNP service provider will maintain a centralized database which would contain all the

mobile numbers of the nation and their corresponding current Access Providers location

routing number. When a call is made, the dialers network which has access to the MNP

service providers database will query the database to find the dialed numbers Access

provider. Based on the information the call is progressed further. This solution is an

expensive one but the authority feels that in long Term it would be a stable one. The setup

time of each call, whether the dialed number is ported or not is increased and would be

inefficient in case the porting volume turns out to be too low.



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Fig.5. All Call Query

The routing of calls to a mobile network associated with a ported mobile number can

be handled in multiple ways. The different methods can be divided into two broad classes:

direct routing and indirect routing. A report from the Electronic Communications Committee

(ECC 2003) lists four possible alternatives for call routing, one resembling direct routing and

the others belonging to the indirect routing class.

Fig.6. Routing Mechanisms



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In all call queries, the calls are routed directly from the originating network to the

terminating mobile network, requiring the former to determine the appropriate network for a

given number.

In onward routing, the mobile network originally associated with the called number identifies

the correct terminating mobile network and routes the call onward.



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In call drop back, the mobile network originally associated with the called number identifies

that the number is ported and releases the call back to the originating network together with

information identifying the correct terminating network.

In the fourth alternative, query on release, the mobile network originally associated with the

called number identifies that the number is ported and returns a message to the originating

network indicating that the number is moved. The originating network then queries a

database to obtain information identifying the correct terminating network.



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The routing method often depends on the type of the network the call originates on.

Distinction can be made between calls originating on

a mobile network within the same country,

a fixed network within the same country, and

a network in another country.

Furthermore, it may not be necessary for all networks in a particular country to use the same

routing method.



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6. MOBILE NUMBER PORTABILITY PROCESS

All Cell phones have special codes. These codes identify the phone, the phones owner,

& the service provider. Cell phones use high frequency radio signals to communicate with

cell towers located throughout the calling area. These phones operate in the frequency range

of 806-890 MHz

India is the 8th nation in Asia to launch MNP.

Around 60 countries have already adopted MNP

The process works as follows :

A customer who has a mobile number connection active for three months (90 days)

with Service Provider SP-A, wants to use new service from Service provider SP-B.

She wants to retain her current mobile number.

He/She goes to the SP-B. Fills up forms, giving him enough details. Decides on date

when to move into the new service.

http://guruparan18.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/image.png


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SP-B goes to the central agency. Either with one request or with bulk of them.

Queries for the details. This process is known as Dipping. The customer can be

charged for this. The dipping charge may not be more than Rs 19 per request per

customer. This is because the service providers need to setup infrastructure, and incursome expenses for portability.

The central agency checks with the SP-A. This could include verifying whether the

customer has paid all dues any completed pending commitments. The SP-A can also

choose to check with customer to verify the authenticity of the request. However SP-

A upon getting the instructions from Central agency need to finish the portability in

one hour.

In case, the customer wants to cancel the request, she can do it within 24 hours from

applying. In that case, she cant reclaim the dipping charge.

Once into the new SP-B, the customer cant move out and retain the number at the

same time for the next three months.

The entire process may take more than 2 days to a maximum of 4 days.

6.1. How to change your operator

The process is quite simple. It just involves sending an SMS, and submitting an application

form

The procedure...

1. Send an SMS to 1900 in the following format:

PORT

E.g. PORT 9123456789



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Fig.3. Procedure

2. You will receive a reply which will contain a unique 'porting code'.

3. Send this unique code to the mobile operator that you have selected, through an SMS. The

number to which you have to send your text message can be obtained from an operator's

website or, of course, from the ad blitz that will start soon.

Remember, again, this unique code is valid only for a few days (say, 15 to 30 days). You will

have to send this SMS to your new operator at the earliest. Else, you will have to repeat the

procedure described in point (1) above all over again.

4. Your existing operator will communicate with the new operator after checking if you have

any outstanding amount. If your account has a clear balance, the existing operator will go

ahead with the approval for the number porting.

5. The subscriber would also have to fill and submit the prescribed form for MNP to the new

operator. The subscriber would have to submit documents (like photo ID and address proof)

along with the MNP form to the new operator. Post-paid subscribers will have to submit a

copy of their latest bill as well.



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6. You will receive an SMS, which will provide the time and date for porting. According to

TRAI, it is mandatory for both the existing and the fresh operators to complete the process

for number portability within four days after the first SMS.

7. You will receive another SMS from the new operator, confirming the switch. Your mobile

phone may remain 'dead' or without network coverage for about two hours while the porting

takes place. But don't worryyou will be able to go 'live' again with the new operatorand

your old number.

8. Remember, you can change your operator only once in every 90 days.

Fig.4. MNP Process

7. MOBILE NUMBER PORTABILITY IN INDIA



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Worlds lowest call rate and fastest growing subscriber rate is what differentiates Indian

Telecom market from the other countrys market1, yet a mobile penetration rate of as low

as37.94% . The reason for this can be considered the rural areas where the majority of

population resides and the access providers find it hard to provide services at these remote

places. Another major reason is the economic status of the people. Still this is a growing

market with around 12-13 access providers spread across the nation while a few others only

providing services in selected few areas. The regulatory Authority, TRAI (Telecom Authority

of India), in the year 2006 among other plans and reforms came up with the plan of

implementation of Mobile Number Portability (MNP). It was suggested that by April 2007,

MNP will be implemented. But it has been delayed due to several reasons, the major onesamong them being,

Opposition from the mobile service providers asking TRAI to implement fixed

number portability before MNP.

Regulatory authority taking a lot of time in the analysis and planning.

Delay due to bidding for the MNP service providers.

Opposition from the Department of Telecommunication stating the technical

difficulties in MNP implementation

Absence of number portability is a major reason for customers not being able to switch from

their existing access providers even if they are not satisfied with the services of the operator

specially to the business person, for whom a change in number means communicating the

new number to the clients and other business associates and also requires modification in

stationary and other media through which the number is displayed. This can be taken as one

of the reason for decrease in the level of competition as the service providers know that the

customers will not move to other access providers

8. NUMBER PORTABILITY CHALLENGES



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As of now, the following things are not mentioned in the regulation. So, by all means, we

can conclude these will not be supported either.

If the customer has extra services, like caller tune, GPRS, voice mail and others alike,

then these services will be lost and need to be setup fresh again.

What for fixed lines? Local number portability includes some thing as Standard

Transfer, Like-for-Like Transfer. These are really challenging to setup and bill

accordingly.

It is remained to see how number portability steers Indian mobile market. As of now, big

service providers have always enjoyed their market presence, often boasting unlikely

customer subscriptions and various other things. Mobile Number Portability will test big

companies very badly.

9. BENEFITS OF MOBILE NUMBER PORTABILITY

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As a user, you can leave one mobile network and go to another one, if you are not

satisfied with the service. Your mobile number remains the same, you just change to a better

mobile network,that appeals to you.The customers also does not lose his/her old numbers and

contacts.

Increased competition among network providers to retain customers. The competing

network will try to induce the user to switch to them while the existing network will

try to retain its customer base and keep you, the customer, happy by providing better

options. Ultimately, it is the customer's decision whether he/she wants to port the

number or not.

Expect more rate cuts, better services and other frills in the MNP environment.

MNP in India would lead to better quality services and a change in the in the attitude

of the operators towards addressing grievance to retain subscribers. At the outset at

least 15-20% would like to shift to alternate operators with attractive plans. There are

some network operators who will plan to acquire high net worth individuals who

earlier didn't want to switch to another operator as they didnt want to change the

number

9.1. Top Three Benefits of Mobile Number Portability to customers

MNP gives best benefit to the customer, as they do not have to change their number,

eliminating a great headacheof communicating the new number to all his/her

important contacts.

MNP will keep all the mobile network providers on an alert, your network provider

will really treat the customer as a king. You will get lightning response and great

customer service from your existing mobile network providers

You can find out the best deal from other network providers which sometimes cansave lot of money the way you make calls. Like for example: You might call

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frequently to Landlines, to other countries. If you find someone who provides a good

service at a better rate can save lot of money, you can change to another Network

provider without changing your number. Mostlybusinesses will get lot of benefits by

switching over to another provider.

On any system , there is lot of benefits and problems, I feel MNP has more benefits than

problems, of course you need to spend more initially while you decided to change to another

network provider, unfortunately that network provider is not up to the mark then you will

suffer, like this there are plenty of scenarios we can talkabout which can change the

complexion of this system. Overall MNP has got more benefits than problems to

the customers.

10. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MNP

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Mobile Number Portability or MNP has been the buzz word since last couple of

years in India and finally MNP has been launched in India.

Advantages

Mobile subscribers would be able to switch service provider while retaining their

existing mobile number.

Just for a small fee of 19/- you can change to a new subscriber (Mobile Service

Provider)

You can switch from GSM to CDMA and vice versa.

Disadvantages

You cannot switch from one State to other which would mean that you cannot have

one number across the country. Example if your number is registered in Punjab you

cannot switch to a service provider in Maharashtra.

Once you switch your service provider you cannot switch again for the next 90 days.

You might lose balance on prepaid cards.

In case you make a platform shift you will have to change handsets. This means if you

decide to move from CDMA-to-GSM or vice-versa, you will also have to change your

handset.



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2011

11. FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION

Switch from one geographic location to other which would mean that you can have

one number across the country. Example if your number is registered in Karnataka

you can switch to a service provider in Gujarat.

Once you switch your service provider we can switch again within 90 days.

You might lose balance on prepaid cards.

In case you make a platform shift we no need to change handsets. This means if you

decide to move from CDMA-to-GSM or vice-versa, no need to change your handset.

If the customer has extra services, like caller tune, GPRS, voice mail and others alike,

then these services will not lost and need to be setup fresh again.



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2011

12. CONCLUSION

Number portability removes the most important barrier to increased competition in

the telecommunications sector. As such, it brings challenges and opportunities for old and

new telecommunications providers and also help in increase service of new providers

depending on the competition they will be facing with existing one and also to be successfulin the competitive telecommunications environment, carriers have to carefully analyze their

network and administrative infrastructures, select the best MNP solution for their needs and

exploit the benefits of increased customer choice that number portability provides.



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13. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reference:

[1] Aoki, R. and J. Small (1999), The economics of number portability: Switching

costs and two-part tariffs, working paper, University of Auckland.

[2] Consultation Paper on Mobile Number Portability, Consultation Paper No.

7/2005, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, New Delhi: July 22, 2005.

[3] Paper by Stefan Buehler, University of Zurich and University of St. Gallen.

[4] Paper by Justus Haucap. Ruhr-University of Bochum

[5] Information paper: MNP in Singapore, Infocomm Development Authority

of Singapore, August 2003.

Web references

[1]Wikipedia, Mobile Number Portability

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_number_portability

[2] Numpac Oy, 2004. Company web-site. Available at: http://www.numpac.fi

[3] INTUG (2003), Mobile Number Portability ,International Telecommunications

User Group (INTUG): [www.intug.net/mnp].

[4] EU, 2005. Regulatory framework for electronic communications in the

European Union http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/liberalization/

Legislation/regulatory_framework.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_number_portabilityhttp://www.numpac.fi/http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/liberalization/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_number_portabilityhttp://www.numpac.fi/http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/liberalization/


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[5] FCC, 1996. Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. LA.No. 104-104, 110

Stat. 56 (1996). http://www.fcc.gov/telecom.html

[6] Network Working Group http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3482.txt
http://www.fcc.gov/telecom.htmlhttp://www.fcc.gov/telecom.html

Final Mnp Report(2)

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Transcript of Final Mnp Report(2)