FINAL Harmonic Study Report_HJI_First Phase

7/28/2019 FINAL Harmonic Study Report_HJI_First Phase

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UNIVERSAL CABLES LIMITEDP.O.Birla Vikas , Satna (M.P.)-485005

Ph: 07672-414693/94 Fax: 07672-257136 E-mail: [email protected]

Conducted By: Prateek Gupta & Ashutosh Gautam Page1of37

Studied Date 12 & 13th

Feb. 2013

HARMONIC STUDY

REPORT

OF

M/S HJ I Division of Orient Paper Mill,

AMLAI,

Submitted ByUNIVERSAL CABLES LTD(CAPACITOR DIVISION)


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INDEX:

1. Scope and Objectives of study2. Harmonics in Power System3. Observations / records of Site Measurements


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Scope:

The scope of study includes:

- Measurement of harmonics and other parameters.- Preparation of Report on the measurement carried at site.- Analysis of the results & Recommendation

Objective:

Study has been carried out to get the actual picture of harmonics flow in the system & itsbehavior & its effect in system, after changing the Input voltage of rectifier transformerfrom 100Vac to 140Vac.

Purpose of harmonic study:

M/s HJI has decided to change the input supply from 100Vac to 140Vac for Rectifiertransformer. This study is being a part of complete analysis about to know the consequences ofthis change of input voltage in their power system.

Study will be conducted in two parts;

A: First with 100Vac Input to their Rectifier TransformerB: Second with 140Vac Input to their Rectifier Transformer

System Detail:

M/s HJI is getting power from 30MW Captive power plant installed in his sister concern M/sOrient paper mill. Total power required is about 9-10MW. Generally Plant runs on optimum &constant load. For Power transmission three runs of single core 630sq.mm Al XLPE cable foreach phase i.e. Total 9 runs is used. In general, there is no variation seen during.

Capacitor Bank Detail:

A)Filter Banks (In operation):HarmonicFilterCapacitorBankDetails(SingleStarArrangement)

5thHarmonic 7thHarmonic 11thHarmonic 13thHarmonicBankRating 3330KVAr,14.2KV 1845KVAr,13.5KV 1845KVAr,13.5KV 1845KVAr,13.5KVUnitRating 185KVAr,8.2KV 123KVAr, 7.8KV 123KVAr, 7.8KV 123KVAr, 7.8KV

ReactorRating(XLperPh.) 2.71 Ohms. 2.21Ohms. 0.81Ohms. 0.64Ohms.


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B) PF Compensation Capacitor Banks: (Rarely used)PFCompensationCapacitorBankDetails(SingleStarArrangement)

1MVAr 2MVAr 3MVArBankRating 1008KVAr,11.65KV 2016KVAr,11.65KV 3024KVAr,11.65KVUnitRating 84KVAr,6.73KV 84KVAr,6.73KV 84KVAr,6.73KV

ReactorRating(XLperPh.) 9.38Ohms. 3.63Ohms. 2.97Ohms.

IEEE recommendations for Harmonics:

Current Distortion Limits (up to 69KV):

ISC / IL


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Instrument Description:

Instrument used for field measurements is FLUKE-434 Power Quality Analyzer. It is one ofthe most sophisticated and accurate instruments to be used for the purpose.

The instrument is designed to ascertain:

System parameters like Current, Voltage, Power factor, Frequency, Active & Reactive poweretc.

Level of current and voltage harmonics present in the system. Current and voltage distortions (individual & total)

The instrument measures the values of 1st

to 49st

discrete harmonics. The equipmentmeasures the system parameter continuously for long period. For the measurements, the inputs tothe instrument were taken from the Bus Potential Transformer and the respective Feeder Current

transformer.


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Harmonics in power system:

Harmonics are components of periodic waveforms having frequencies that are integral multiplesof fundamental power line frequency (50 Hz). Presence of Harmonics in the system distorts voltage andcurrent waveforms.

Harmonic distortion is associated with non-linear loads of the plant like Rectifiers,AC / DC Drives, UPS, Cyclo Converters, Ferro magnetic devices etc. Harmonic current tends to flowfrom non-linear loads to the lowest impedance in the system usually the utility source, since theimpedance of power source is normally low compared to the load. However, Harmonic Current splitsdepending on the impedance ratios of the circuits.

One of the most common measures used for evaluating the influence of harmonics on thepower system is the Total Harmonic Distortion in Voltage (THD-V), which gives a measure of theeffective (rms) value of harmonics relative to the fundamental component.

Effects of Harmonic Distortion:

The most common problems created by harmonics include over - heating oftransformers, motors, generators, cables, switch gears and other equipments leading to their pre-maturefailure, malfunctioning of electrical and electronic controls of equipments, PLC, UPS and other sensitiveelectronic devices, spurious tripping of Circuit Breakers and Relays, excessive neutral current andconsequent heating of neutral conductor, higher neutral to ground voltage (common mode noise),premature failure of Capacitors, reduction in power factor, harmonic resonance in the power system andinterference in communication network.

Harmonic current flowing in the system causes energy loss. Harmonic Current increases I2

R

loss in cables, transformers, motors and other equipments. Since harmonics increase the skin effect, the

effective resistance of the Conductor increases, leading to higher I2

R loss in the system. Harmonics alsoincreases the eddy current and hysterisis losses in transformers, motors etc., since these losses arefunctions of frequency.

Mitigation of harmful effects of harmonics :

Since, harmonic distortion can cause serious problems in certain electrical environments asenumerated above, harmonic analysis conducted at major non-linear loads of the systems helps toimplement suitable remedial measures for mitigating the harmful effects of harmonics wherever harmonic

distortion exceeds the limits.


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Harmonics & Capacitors:

A discussion of power system harmonics is incomplete without discussing the effects of powerfactor correction capacitors. In an industrial plant containing power factor correction capacitors, harmoniccurrents and voltages can be magnified considerably due to the interaction of the capacitors with the

service transformer. This is referred to as harmonic resonance.

For a typical plant containing power factor correction capacitors, the resonant frequency

(frequency at which amplification occurs) normally falls in the vicinity of the 5th

to the 13th

harmonic.

Since non-linear loads typically inject currents at the 5th

, 7th

, 11th

and 13th

harmonics, a resonant or near-resonant condition will often result if drives and capacitors are installed on the same system, producing thesymptoms and problems outlined in the previous sections.

It is important to note that capacitors themselves do not cause harmonics, but only aggravatepotential harmonic problems. Often, harmonics related problems do not "show up" until capacitors areapplied for power factor correction.

It is a common misconception that the problem of applying capacitors in harmonic environments islimited to problems caused for the capacitor itself - that the capacitor's lower impedance at higherfrequencies causes a current overload into the capacitor and, therefore, must be removed. However, thecapacitor/ harmonics problem must be viewed from a power system standpoint. The capacitor-inducedincrease of harmonic voltages and currents on a plant's system may be causing problems while thecapacitor itself remains within its acceptable current rating


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Observations / records of Site Measurements


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REF

UNIVERSAL CABLES LTD.

SATNA 485005 INDIA

TITLE

DWG. NO. DATE

DIMENSIONS IN M.M.

SLD of M/s HJ I-Division of orient

Paper mill,AMLAI

GEN-SET at OPM

30MW,11KV

PF-0.8,Xd = 23%

1.5 km.

630sq.mm XLPE

Al . Cable : 1Cx 9

Q2 Main Incomer

11KV BUS

1,2,3

4,5,6

ux.Tr.

VArCa

p.

k

11

ArCap.

k ArCap

.

ux.

Tr.

fierformer

7,8,912,13,14,

15,16

10

1.5

MVA

2M

Ba

5 MVAr HarmonicFilter Cap. Banks

1M

Ban

3M

Bank

2MVA

Recti

Tran

5th 7th 11th 13th

o1MVAr, 2MVAr & 3MVAr capacitor banks: Normally not used.o Prime load of Plant (almost 90%) is Rectifier Transformer.

o Digits inside circles corresponds to sheet no. & shows the measurements taken at respective point.

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UNIVERSAL CABLES LIMITED

P.O.Birla Vikas , Satna (M.P.)-485005

Ph: 07672-414693/94 Fax: 07672-257136 E-mail: [email protected]

Sr.

No.

Ref.

Sheet Location Filter

Banks

Status

Load

Condition

KV Amp. PF MW MVA MVAr

THD 2nd 3rd

1 6 Without filter banks Full Load 11.25 615 0.81 9.72 11.87 6.81 6 6.5 2.2 0.6

2 7 with 5th only Full Load 11.2 550 0.89 9.5 10.64 4.78 4.8 6.5 2.7 0.7

3 12 with 5th & 7th Full Load 11.18 525 0.93 9.5 10.15 3.57 3.4 6 2.8 0.8

4 9 With 5th, 7th & 11th 75% Load 11.2 368 0.99 7.04 7.12 1.06 1.7 6.3 3.6 0.7

5 1 With 5th, 7th & 11th Full Load 11.18 498 0.96 9.3 9.64 2.52 1.9 4.8 3.2 0.8

6 14With 5th,7th,11th, &

13thFull Load 11.2 475 0.99 9.19 9.25 1.01 1.4 5.9 3.4 0.8

7 4 11.1 542 0.81 8.48 10.43 6.03 1.8 8.4 2.6 0.6

8 16 11.1 555 0.8 8.63 10.75 6.4 1.6 8.6 2.8 0.6

9 11 11.13 412 0.77 6.14 7.9 7.97 1.8 9.5 3 0.6

10 2 1.5MVA Aux. Tr. Wit h 5th, 7t h & 11th Full Load 10.98 210 0.95 0.3 86 0.404 0.122 1.7 2.5 1.1 1.7

11 3 2MVA Aux. Tr. With 5th, 7th & 11th Full Load 11.12 54 0.8 0.837 1.04 0.618 1.7 2.5 1.2 1.4

12 8 with 5th only Full Load 11.01 110 ** ** ** ** 5 11.9 0.8 0.6

13 13 with 5th & 7th Full Load 11.17 176 ** ** ** ** 3.6 11.9 0.7 0.6

14 5 With 5th, 7th & 11th Full Load 10.87 245 ** ** ** ** 1.9 17.8 0.8 0.5

15 10 With 5th, 7th & 11th 75% Load 11.16 245 ** ** ** ** 2.1 13.3 0.6 0.4

16 15With 5th,7th,11th, &

13thFull Load 11.18 310 ** ** ** ** 1.9 14.5 0.9 0.5

* During Study plant was running with 100Vac input to Rectifier Transformer.

Capacitor Banks

CAPACITORBANKFEEDER

LOAD

FEEDERS

%VTHD

IEM Rectifier

Transformer

On 12.02.13 at Full Load

On 13.02.13 at Full Load

On 13.02.13 at 75% Load

SystemParameters(Avg.)

OPM Main Incomer

(Q2)

MAININCOMER- (OPM)

Ha

SUMMERIZEDHARMONICOBSERVATIONREPORT- M/sHJIDivisionofOPM,AMLAI


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Harmonic Study at M/s HJ I Division of Orient paper mill

Sheet: 1 Date: 12/02/13

Location: OPM Main Incomer at 11KV, (Q2) (MAIN-INCOMER)

Status: Plant on full load, Rectifier load: 8105KW, 80KA at 98.16Vdc (at 100Vac Input)

Capacitor Detail: 5th, 7th & 11th Harmonic Capacitor bank ON: 260Amps. , 13th Harmonic-OFF


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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 2 Date: 12/02/13

Location: 1.5MVA Aux. Transformer-1 at 11KV, (LOAD)

Status: Plant on full load



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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 3 Date: 12/02/13

Location: 2MVA Aux. Transformer-2 at 11 KV, (LOAD)

Status: Plant on full load



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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 4 Date: 12/02/13

Location: Ion-exchange Membrane Plant, Rectifier Feeder at 11KV, (LOAD)

Status: Plant on full load, Rectifier load: 8.4MW, 80KA at 98.16Vdc (at 100Vac Input)



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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 5 Date: 12/02/13

Location: Capacitor Bank Feeder at 11KV, (CAPACITOR FEEDER)



*Please note the CT Ratio of Y -phase is half of CT used in other two phases. (So the difference)

Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics: Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 6 Date: 12/02/13



Capacitor Detail: 5th, 7th, 11th& 13th Harmonic Capacitor bank OFF


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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 7 Date: 12/02/13



Capacitor Detail: 5th Harmonic: ON and 7th, 11th& 13th Harmonic Capacitor bank OFF


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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 8 Date: 12/02/13

Location: Capacitor Bank feeder


Capacitor Detail: 5th Harmonic: ON and 7th, 11th& 13th Harmonic Capacitor bank OFF

Harmonics:



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Sheet: 9 Date: 13/02/13


Status: Plant on 75% load, Rectifier load: 5830KW, 60KA at 94.16Vdc (at 100Vac Input)

Capacitor Detail: 5th,7th & 11th Harmonic: ON and 13th Harmonic Capacitor bank OFF


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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 10 Date: 13/02/13




Harmonics:



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Sheet: 11 Date: 12/02/13





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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 12 Date: 13/02/13



Capacitor Detail: 5th &7th Harmonic: ON and 11th & 13th Harmonic Capacitor bank OFF


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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 13 Date: 13/02/13



Capacitor Detail: 5th &7th Harmonic: ON and 11th & 13th Harmonic Capacitor bank OFF

Harmonics:



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Sheet: 14 Date: 13/02/13



Capacitor Detail: 5th,7th, 11th & 13th Harmonic filter banks: ON


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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:


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Sheet: 15 Date: 13/02/13




Harmonics:



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Sheet: 16 Date: 13/02/13





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Harmonics:

Voltage Harmonics:

Current Harmonics:

FINAL Harmonic Study Report_HJI_First Phase

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