FINAL 2015

Grammar Review

Noun

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Action Verb

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Linking Verb

A linking verb connects the subject with a word that gives information about the subject, such as a condition or relationship.

They do not show any action; but, they link the subject with the rest of the sentence. For example, in the sentence "They are a problem," the word "are" is the linking verb that connects "they" and "problem" to show the relationship between the two words.

Examples of Linking verbs

William is excited about his promotion.She appears upset about the announcement.The eggs smell rotten.He went red after tripping on the rug.Your plans for the wedding sound nice.You look exhausted after studying all night.I am putty in his hands.

Linking Verbs

Is Are Was Were Has become Could have come Shall be Will be Will have been Had seemed Should have been

Adjective

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Pronoun

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Adverb

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Preposition

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Conjunction

For - Explains reason or purpose (just like “because”) I go to the park every Sunday, for I love to watch the ducks on the lake.

And - Adds one thing to another I go to the park every Sunday to watch the ducks on the lake and the shirtless men playing soccer.

Nor - Used to present an alternative negative idea to an already stated negative idea

I don’t go for the fresh air nor really for the ducks. Honestly, I just like the soccer. But - Shows contrast

The soccer in the park is entertaining in the winter, but it’s better in the heat of summer.

Or - Presents an alternative or a choice The men play on teams: shirts or skins.

Yet - Introduces a contrasting idea that follows the preceding idea logically (similar to “but”) I always take a book to read, yet I never seem to turn a single page.

So - Indicates effect, result or consequence I’ve started dating one of the soccer players, so now I have an excuse to watch the game each week.

So….

Conjunctions = FANBOYS

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

Interjection

Interjection is an exclamation inserted into an utterance. An interjection is essentially almost any word in English that you can insert into a sentence to convey emotions.

Example: “Darn! That hurt.”

Direct Object

Every sentence needs a noun and a verb.  "Henry plays" is a complete sentence.  If we add the word "football" to the sentence, the

sentence now has a direct object.  In the sentence "Henry plays football," the direct

object is "football."  A direct object is a noun or a pronoun that the verb in the sentence does something to.  The direct object of the verb "plays" is "football."  It's the object of

the verb.

Examples of a Direct Object

Bob hit the ball.

Mary drove the car to the store.

Jack married Jill last year.

http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/O/1/53.asphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i49Yy9iODqY

Indirect Object

An indirect object is a noun, pronoun, or word group that answers the question ''to

whom?'' or ''for whom?'' after the action verb. An indirect object precedes a direct object in

the sentence

Examples of Indirect Object

In each sentence, the indirect object is italicized, and the direct object is underlined.

Mr. Higgins gave Penny an award. (To whom was the award given?—Penny)

Laura gave us a challenging problem. (To whom did Laura give the challenging problem?—us)

Their efforts earned them a handsome reward. (Earned a handsome reward for whom?—them)

Can Harold purchase his mother a new home? (Purchase a new home for whom?—his mother)

Object of the Preposition

The words that follow a preposition are called the object of the preposition

Examples of Object of Preposition

Examples:

The cat ran under the car.(The words the car are the object of the preposition under.)

Can you give this parcel to him tomorrow?(The word him is the object of the preposition to.)

Predicate Noun

 A predicate noun completes a linking verb and renames the subject. It is a complement or completer because it completes the verb. Predicate nouns complete only linking verbs. The linking verbs include the following: the helping verbs is, am, are, was, were, be, being, and been; the sense verbs look, taste, smell, feel, and sound; and verbs like become, seem, appear, grow, continue, stay, and turn.

The verb in a sentence having a predicate noun can always be replaced by the word equals. Examples: Mr. Johanson is a teacher. Mr. Johanson equals a teacher. Mr. Johanson is a father. Mr. Johanson equals a father. Mr. Johanson is my neighbor. Mr. Johanson equals my neighbor.

Examples:

Find the verb, subject, and predicate nominatives in these sentences.

Mr. Smith is a doctor.My son became a professional soccer player.Mary Smith may be our next president.J. K. Rowling is an excellent author.Wind turbines are an alternative source of power.Madonna is a great singer.For the next twenty years, we remained friends.

Predicate Adjective

Since you now understand predicate nouns, you may be interested to learn a bit about

predicate adjectives. Adjectives modify nouns, which includes describing them and giving more information about them, like

their composition, their origin, your opinion of them and their purpose.

…Predicate Adjective

A predicate adjective is very similar to a predicate noun in that it completes the predicate and follows an intransitive verb.

Instead of renaming the subject, it modifies it or gives it more detail.

Examples of Predicate Adjectives

Antarctica is cold, barren and frozen.My recipe is French.The dancers were agile, energetic and beautiful.During the storm, driving became difficult.Her performance was phenomenal.She was sad, alone and miserable.We are under-paid.http://www.schools.manatee.k12.fl.us/

webdisk/581BDIETCH/homework/pronouns/predicate_pronouns.cwk__wp_.pdf

Example

Sarah walked to the store, and, wow! was it raining. She walked very quickly since she didn’t want to damage her red jacket.