The American Revolution Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry Events that led the American Revolution The French Indian War: War fought between Great Britain and its two enemies, the French and the Indians of North America. Most of the battles were fought in Canada. American colonists, including George Washington, fought with the British in this war, which lasted from 1754 to 1763. The American Revolution Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry Events that led the American Revolution The French Indian War Cont: The British won the war and won the right to keep Canada and several other possessions in the New World. Response: Colonists Many colonists lost respect for Britain due to a sub par performance in battles through out the war. British: Believed the colonists had been illegally trading with Canada during the war. The American Revolution Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry Events that led the American Revolution The French Indian War Cont: Response Cont: British The English felt that the burden of debt must be shared. Ultimately, Great Britain paid to finance the war. The Stamp TaxThe Stamp Tax was levied for just those reasons. The American Revolution Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry Events that led the American Revolution The Sugar Act Great Britain put a three-cent tax on foreign refined sugar and increased taxes on coffee, indigo, and certain kinds of wine. It banned importation of rum and French wines. The taxes were enacted (or raised) without the consent of the colonists. Response: Colonists: This was one of the first instances in which colonists wanted a say in how much they were taxed. The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution The Quartering Act Under the terms of this legislation, each colonial assembly was directed to provide for the basic needs of soldiers stationed within its borders. Specified items included bedding, cooking utensils, firewood, beer or cider and candles. This law was expanded in 1766 and required the assemblies to accommodate soldiers in taverns and unoccupied houses. Response: British motivations for enforcing the Quartering Act were mixed. Some officials were legitimately concerned about protecting the colonies from attack and viewed this law as a logical means to do so. Also, part of the calculation, was a desire to cut costs to house soldiers. If the colonies were to be protected, why should they not pay for the soldiers? Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution Stamp Act-1765 The first direct British tax on American colonists which was instituted/established on November, Every newspaper, pamphlet, and other public and legal document had to have a Stamp, or British seal, on it. Response: Colonists They didn't think they should have to pay for something they received for free for many years. British: Seeing the hostile reaction in the colonies, the British government repealed the Stamp Act of 1765 but at the same time passed the Declaratory Act. It stated that Great Britain was superior, and boss of the American colonies. Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution Stamp Act Response Cont: Colonists The Stamp Act gave the colonists a target for their rage. The Sons of Liberty was formed in response to this Act. The Stamp Act Congress also gave the colonists a model for the Continental Congress. Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Members of the Sons of Liberty/ Positions they held in Society Charles Thomson- tutor/secretary, Philadelphia Haym Solomon- financial broker, New York Charles ThomsonHaym Solomon Thomas Young- doctor, Boston Paul Revere- silversmith, Boston Joseph Warren- doctor/soldier, Boston Thomas Young Paul RevereJoseph Warren Benjamin Edes- journalist/publisher Boston Gazette, Boston Alexander McDougall- captain of privateers, New York City Benjamin EdesAlexander McDougall Patrick Henry- lawyer, Virginia John Hancock- merchant/smuggler/fire warden, Boston Patrick Henry John Hancock Isaac Sears- captain of privateers, New York City John Lamb- trader, New York City Isaac SearsJohn Lamb James Otis- lawyer, Massachusetts Marinus Willett- cabinetmaker/soldier, New York James OtisMarinus Willett John Adams- lawyer, Massachusetts Samuel Adams- tax collector/fire warden, Boston John Adams Samuel Adams Silas Downier- so-called "Forgotten Person" William Mackay - merchant, Boston (Sons of Liberty Bowl) Silas DownierWilliam Mackay Benedict Arnold- businessman, Military, Norwich, LK Benedict Arnold Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Patrick Henrys Speech If This Be Treason" speech (5/29/1765) It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace-- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death! The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution Townshend Acts of Series of 1767 laws named for Charles Townshend, British Chancellor of the Exchequer (Treasurer). These laws placed new taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. Response: Colonist reaction to these taxes was the same as to the Sugar Act and Stamp Act. British Britain eventually repealed all the taxes except the one on tea. In response to the sometimes violent protests by the American colonists, Great Britain sent more troops to the colonies. Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Boston Massacre Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry Crispus Attucks Boston Massacre- March 5, 1770 The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution Boston Massacre- March 5, 1770 Shooting of five American colonists by British troops on March 5, One person, an African-American man named Crispus Attacks, was killed. Response: British justified the shooting because they believe colonists had weapons. (i.e. Rocks, other weapons) Colonists: The Boston Massacre deepened American distrust of the British military presence in the colonies. Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution Tea Act of The Tea Act gave a monopoly on tea sales to the East India Company. American colonists could buy no tea unless it came from that company. Response: British The East Indian Company wasn't doing so well, and the British wanted to give it some more business. The Tea Act lowered the price on this East India tea so much that it was way below tea from other suppliers. Colonist: But the American colonists saw this law as yet another means of "taxation without representation" because it meant that they couldn't buy tea from anyone else (including other colonial merchants) Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution The Boston Tea Party Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution Colonist response cont: Their response was to refuse to unload the tea from the ships. This was the situation in Boston that led to the Boston Tea Party. Boston Tea Party December 16, Angry and frustrated at a new tax on tea, American colonists calling themselves the Sons of Liberty, disguised as Mohawk Native Americans boarded three British ships (the Dartmouth, the Eleanor, and the Beaver) and dumped 342 whole crates of British tea into Boston harbor on December 16, Similar incidents occurred in Maryland, New York, and New Jersey in the next few months, and tea was eventually boycotted throughout the colonies. Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution The Intolerable Acts 1774 Restraining Acts, the Coercive Acts, as they were popularly known in England, were introduced in 1774 by the new government of Lord North, who acted with the direct encouragement of George III.George III Response: British This legislation's purpose was to restore order in Massachusetts, following the Boston Tea Party and other acts of defiance.Boston Tea Party The Intolerable Acts, as they were known in America, included the following: Boston Port Act (June 1, 1774) closed the port facilities in Boston until the city saw fit to reimburse the East India Company for the cost of the tea destroyed in the Boston Tea Party, Boston Port ActBostonBoston Tea Party Quartering Act (June 2, 1774) Quartering Act Administration of Justice Act (May 20, 1774) Administration of Justice Act Massachusetts Government Act (May 20, 1774) Massachusetts Government Act Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution The Continental Congress Two groups of people from all over the 13 Colonies who came together to discuss liberty. The First Continental Congress was a group of 56 delegates from 12 colonies (all except Georgia) who met in Philadelphia, PA in September of They came together to act together in response to the Intolerable Acts. They met in secret because they didn't want Great Britain to know that they were united. Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry The American Revolution Events that led the American Revolution The Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress met in 1775, when the Revolutionary war had started. Things were going badly, and the armed forces were disorganized. The Continental Congress created the Continental Army and named George Washington as commander-in-chief. The Congress continued through the summer. Out of the discussions came the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Marines Corps. Give me Liberty or Give me Death. Patrick Henry