FINA HIGH DIVING MANUAL · 10/14/2019 · High Diving is performed from a cliff or artificial...

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FINA High Diving Manual

FINA HIGH DIVING MANUAL

October 2019

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MESSAGE FROM THE FINA PRESIDENT

Dear Friends,

It is my pleasure to introduce you the first FINA High Diving Officials

Manual, a publication aimed at the development and promotion of this

new FINA discipline worldwide.

The success of high diving is today a reality and our major competitions

are highlighted by the beauty of this discipline. The devotion of our Stars,

the preparation and knowledge of our coaches and the quality of judging

are essential to reach these achievements. That is why this Manual is

important to update the guidelines used by the judges refereeing FINA

diving competitions and the coaches.

With the creation of the FINA High Diving Certification School for Judges, we started at the 17th FINA

World Championships 2017 in Budapest the development process for our High Diving judges. Our

mission of harmonization of the High Diving rules became easier and more efficient. The criteria to

evaluate the performance of our athletes are now clearer and better understood by all those

involved in this spectacular sport. The information published in this Manual completes the programs

developed in these Schools.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the FINA Technical High Diving

Committee (THDC) for its effort in editing this Manual. Their work and dedication to high diving must

be underlined.

For all the FINA Member Federations and especially for the High Diving Family I am sure that this

first edition will be useful in their activities. The knowledge it contains is surely important to further

enhance the image and popularity of this discipline.

Yours Sincerely,

Dr. Julio C. Maglione

FINA President

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PREFACE

The first edition of this manual has been prepared by the FINA THDC to provide guidelines to High

Diving judges, administrators and coaches and does not replace the High Diving rules in the FINA

Handbook.

If an explanation is accompanied by a citation of a High Diving rule number, that number refers to

the FINA Handbook 2017 edition.

Readers of this manual should be aware that changes to the rules may result in re-numbering of the

rules.

Rule changes for FINA High Diving Rules (HD) can be decided by the FINA Technical Congresses.

The next FINA Technical Congress for High Diving will be in the year 2021. Rule changes in FINA

Facilities Rules (FR) can be decided by the FINA General Congresses only.

FINA TECHNICAL HIGH DIVING COMMITTEE 2017-2021

THDC Chairman: Mr. Thomas GOMPF (USA)

THDC Vice Chairman: Mr. Michael GEISSBUEHLER (SUI)

THDC Hon. Secretary: Ms. Melanie J. BECK (GBR)

THDC Members: Mr. Claudio DE MIRO (ITA)

Mr. Gaby DOUAIHY (LBN)

Mr. Farid EL ALLAM (MAR)

Mr. Babatunde FATAYI-WILLIAMS (NGR)

Mr. Mitch GELLER (CAN)

Mr. Marco JARA (CHI)

Mr. Ender Alfonso LUZARDO NUNEZ (VEN)

Mr. Dimitri SAUTIN (RUS)

Ms. Veronica STANHAM (URU)

Ms. Minxia WU (CHN)

Mr. Joey ZUBER (AUS)

THDC Events Sub-Committee: Mr. Julian LLINAS (ESP)

Athletes Representative: Mr. Orlando DUQUE (COL)

Coaches Representative: Mr. Dustin WEBSTER (USA)

THDC Bureau Liaison: Mr. Dr. Donald RUKARE (UGA)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(Version October 14, 2019)

1. INTRODUCTION 6

1.1 Fundamentals 6

1.2 History 6

2. JUDGING SCALE 8

3. ELEMENTS OF A DIVE 9

3.1 Starting Position and Take-Off 10

3.2 Flight 10

3.3 Entry 10

4. THE JUDGES 11

4.1 Judging High Diving - Overview 11

4.2 Composition of a Judging Panel 11

4.3 The Placement of the Judges 11

4.4 Specific Duties of a Judge 12

4.5 Requirements for good Judging 13

5. THE REFEREE 15

5.1 Duties before a Competition 16

5.2 Duties before an Event 16

5.3 Duties during an Event 17

5.4 Additional Duties during an Event 18

5.5 Duties after an Event 19

5.6 Summary 19

6. JUDGING THE DIVE 20

6.1 Starting Positions and Take-Off 20

6.2 Flight 23

6.3 Entry 31

7. COACHING HIGH DIVING 35

7.1 Introduction 35

7.2 General Notes 35

7.3 Competition Format 36

7.4 The Barani – First Steps, progressing higher 37

7.5 Blind and Back-Out Entries 38

7.6 Drills for Timing and Muscle Coordination 39

7.7 Progression of easier and advanced High Dives 40

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7.8 High Diving Training Frequency 42

7.9 Venue and additional Equipment for Training 43

8. ORGANISATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL HIGH DIVING COMPETITION 45

8.1 Officials 45

8.2 Facilities, Venue Equipment and Requisites 45

8.3 Invitation 46

8.4 Information upon Arrival 46

8.5 Hotel and Meals 47

8.6 Transportation 47

8.7 Training 47

8.8 Contest Hours 47

8.9 Athletes Briefing / Technical Meeting / Judges Meeting 47

8.10 Final Preparations before the Contest 48

8.11 Announcer and Referee 49

8.12 Secretariat at Contests with Electronic System 49

8.13 Secretariat at Contests with Manual System 50

8.14 Results 51

8.15 Press and Public Service 51

8.16 Doping Control 54

8.17 Officiating and Technical Equipment 54

8.18 Safety and Security 55

9. APPENDIX 56

1 Glossary 56

2 High Diving Rules & By Laws 58

3 High Diving Age Group Rules 71

4 Degree of Difficulty Formula, Components and Tables 73

5 High Diving Facilities Rules 81

6 FINA High Diving Judges Pathway – Certification Process 88

7 Case Studies 92

10. FORMS

Dive Sheet - Men

Dive Sheet - Women

Withdrawal Form

Protest Form

Therapeutic Use Exemptions

Useful Weblinks

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Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Fundamentals

The fundamentals of high diving are closely related to the discipline of platform diving as many of

the same skill sets are used. The basic difference between diving and high diving is the additional

height and the fact that high diving athletes land feet-first.

High Diving is performed from a cliff or artificial platform into the sea, a lake, a river or artificial pool.

The established competition heights for FINA high diving are 20-metres for women and 27-metres

for men.

With numerous competitions worldwide and hundreds of millions of viewers annually, High Diving

has come into the modern age of sport. The athletes involved are professional competitors who have

trained specifically to face diving from higher heights. There are only a few extra elements needed

to take most any traditional dive and turn it into a feet-first entry high dive. This means that a coach

may already have the majority of the skills required to teach the sport at even the highest levels of

competition. For the judges it is very similar to judge Diving and High Diving events. Starting position

and take-off as well as the Flight are equal. Only the entry of the dive is different from “traditional”

diving because only dives with feet first entry are allowed and just before the entry there are three

different particular movements called “Barani”, “Blind entry” and “Un-natural entry”.

1.2 History

The earliest written history of the sport dates back to the late 1700’s on the island of Lanai, in Hawaii.

The island chief, King Kahekili, tested bravery and honoured the spirits he believed in by leaping

from high cliffs into the Pacific Ocean far below.

In the early 1900’s, high diving started to gain in popularity around the world when athletes began

diving from cliffs and high platforms to entertain crowds in shows of bravery and athletic talent.

In the mid 1900’s, the sport saw the first organized high diving competitions. Over a span of more

than 60 years, high diving developed with the help of many dedicated competition organizers,

outstanding athletes, experienced judges, and sponsors who helped bring the sport into the modern

era. It is important to acknowledge and thank all who have contributed to this sport. With the road

they paved for high diving, we are now able to show the world that these athletes are highly trained

professionals and are deserving of worldwide attention.

In 2012, FINA appointed a High Diving Commission with the mandate to organise the first ever FINA

World High Diving Championships This event took place at the 15th FINA World Championships in

Barcelona (ESP) in 2013. The event was a success and the following year at the extraordinary FINA

Congress in Doha, High Diving was designated as the sixth discipline within FINA. Since then, high

diving has been a part of every FINA World Championships, as well as having numerous FINA High

Diving World Cup events. FINA High Diving has been honoured to compete in front of incredible

crowds worldwide in cities including: Kazan (RUS); Budapest (HUN); Cozumel (MEX); Abu Dhabi

(UAE) and Zhaoqing (CHN).

At the occasion of the 17th FINA World Championships a first FINA High Diving Certification School

for judges was organised and a first FINA High Diving Officials List was established.

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Medals at the FINA World Championships and World Cups:

WORLD CHAMPIONS

YEAR MEN WOMEN

2013 Orlando DUQUE (COL) Cesilie CARLTON (USA)

2015 Gary HUNT (GBR) Rachelle SIMPSON (USA)

2017

2019

Steve LOBUE (USA)

Gary HUNT (GBR)

Rhiannan IFFLAND (AUS)

Rhiannan IFFLAND (AUS)

WORLD CUP WINNERS

YEAR MEN WOMEN

2014 Orlando DUQUE (COL) Rachelle SIMPSON (USA)

2015 Orlando DUQUE (COL) Rachelle SIMPSON (USA)

2016 Gary HUNT (GBR) Lysanne RICHARD (CAN)

2017 Gary HUNT (GBR) Adriana JIMENEZ (MEX)

2018 Gary HUNT (GBR) Rhiannan IFFLAND (AUS)

2019 Gary HUNT (GBR) Rhiannan IFFLAND (AUS)

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Chapter 2: JUDGING SCALE

Many of the rules for High Diving are very similar to the rules in Diving.

In the sport of High Diving, a judge’s award can range from zero (0) to ten (10) points.

Awards are given in half point increments according to the following scale:

Excellent 10 points

Very Good 8.5 - 9.5 points

Good 7.0 - 8.0 points

Satisfactory 5.0 - 6.5 points

Deficient 2.5 - 4.5 points

Unsatisfactory 0.5 - 2.0 points

Completely failed 0 points

During the course of a high diving contest, the judging of dives becomes a process of comparison.

Given this fact, it is recommended that the scale be used as a “flexible” scale to apply to a particular

contest, not a “straight” scale to apply equally across all levels of competition - age group, senior

and masters.

To illustrate, in an Age Group contest, a diver who performs a very good forward double somersaults

in pike position with ½ twist should be awarded between an 8 ½ and 9 ½ under the “flexible” scale

principle. In contrast, we would expect a senior diver to perform the same dive with a stronger take-

off, higher jump, and tighter position on the entry to receive a score in the very good range (8 ½ to

9 ½).

If the principle of a straight scale were applied, it would be difficult for an Age Group diver to be

awarded higher than a 5, based on what we would expect to see from a senior elite diver.

Using the straight scale principle may result in discouragement on the part of the younger, less

experienced divers as well as reducing a judge’s ability to use more of the scale to judge the entire

event.

When judging, it is important to use a “flexible” scale to compare divers in a particular contest, rather

than a “straight” scale to apply across all diving competitions.

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Chapter 3: ELEMENTS OF A DIVE

There are three (3) elements of a dive to consider when judging the overall impression of a dive.

a) Starting Position and Take-Off

b) Flight

c) Entry

a) Starting position and Take-Off

The dives are divided into five (5) take-off positions: Forward, Back, Reverse, Inward, Armstand

Front / Reverse Back / Inward Armstand

b) Flight c) Entry

A judge must keep each element in mind when viewing a dive but the dive should be judged as a

whole, without over emphasizing any single element. This approach to judging is especially true

when it comes to the entry. It is very easy to forgive earlier flaws if a dive enters the water vertically

and without a splash. Although a good entry is very impressive, all parts of the dive are to be judged.

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In general, a judge should look for the following when evaluating a dive:

3.1 Starting Position and Take-Off

Starting Position

The starting position in a standing dive shall be assumed when the diver stands at the front end of

the platform and in a running dive when the diver is ready to take the first step of the run.

The starting position in an armstand dive shall be assumed when both hands are on the front end of

the platform and both feet are off the platform.

From the starting position for armstand dives, the diver should obtain an inverted vertical and straight

position with the elbows straight, the feet together, the toes pointed and show a steady balance prior

to the take-off.

Take-Off

Balance and control - the take-off should be balanced and controlled so as to allow the diver to

achieve good height and appropriate distance from the platform.

3.2 Flight

Adequate height - the height achieved should provide

enough time in the air to complete the rotation and allow the

dive to travel a safe distance from the platform.

Distance – the dive should clear the end of the platform by

a safe distance. The dive should not be too close, too distant

or off to the side of the platform.

Body Position - the form should be tight and precise

according to the dive description.

Mechanics of the dive – the dive number observed by the

judge before the dive is performed should create a mental

image of the dive in the mind of the judge. During the flight

it is compared to the expectation of what the dive should

look like in the air. Observing the number of somersaults

and / or twists as well as the overall aesthetic appearance

during the flight path of the dive is an important responsibility

of the judge.

3.3 Entry

Angle of Entry - the dive should enter the water vertically

Body line and alignment of arms and head on feet first dives - the position of the diver’s head, arms,

and body should give the appearance of a straight line as the diver enters the water.

The arms should be below the navel (HD 7.5.3), the legs straight and together, and the toes pointed.

Twist on Entry - the dive should be square (without any twist) as it enters the water.

Amount of Splash - a properly performed dive will result in an entry with a minimum splash. An

exceptionally good entry will result in what is called a "rip" entry with almost no splash.

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Chapter 4: THE JUDGES

Before examining each of the dive elements in further detail, it is important to discuss the role of a

judge during a High Diving competition.

FINA's High Diving Rules and Regulations outline specific duties a judge must perform.

In addition to these duties, there are other factors which may be considered when judging is outlined

in this section.

4.1 Judging High Diving - Overview

As you watch High Diving, you will observe several divers doing the same dive, although it may

never look quite the same. This is because each diver has unique mannerisms, characteristics of

movement, strengths and timing – an abstract but observable phenomenon called “style”. Style is

difficult to assess by any standard, except whether or not you like it.

That is why it is hard to judge High Diving. Even though there are criteria divers must meet for each

dive, evaluations of the performance remain a subjective process. This is why a High Diving contest

is not evaluated by just one judge, but rather a panel of judges who act as a team to arrive at the

correct score for the dive.

4.2 Composition of a Judging Panel

The size and importance of a High Diving competition usually determines the composition of the

judging panel.

For each competition of FINA World Championships and FINA World Cups, seven (7) judges

recognised by FINA shall be appointed. For all other individual competitions, five (5) judges are

sufficient, but seven (7) is preferred.

4.3 The Placement of the Judges

The Referee shall place the judges side

by side (in two lines) on one side of the

platforms with the sunlight in the back or

above the judges. No judge shall be

seated behind the front edge of the

platform. The numbering of judges’

chairs shall be clockwise when facing

the platform.

The judges shall be seated at a distance

of approximately 35 metres from the

entry point for the 27m platform and

approximately 30 metres for the 20m

platform, but not more than 40 metres for

both women`s and men`s platform, and

in a position elevated by approximately

three (3) metres above the water level. Special local circumstances may influence the position of the

judges. (See FR 14.4.3).

3-5m

35m

27m

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4.4 Specific Duties of a Judge

The overall duty of a judge is to subjectively evaluate the performance of each dive according to the

rules and guidelines set forth.

This includes:

1. Listening carefully to each dive being announced and taking note of the displayed dive number.

2. Paying full attention to the dive being performed.

After each dive, each of the judges, without communicating with one another, shall immediately enter

his or her award into the electronic touch pad. When flash cards are used, each judge, upon a signal

given by the Referee or the Announcer, shall immediately and simultaneously, without

communicating with one another, display his or her award.

Judges who are selected for a contest are responsible for judging that entire session, unless, due to

unavoidable circumstances, a judge must be replaced or because double panels are used.

4.5 Requirements for good Judging

The above-mentioned duties are a very important aspect of a judge’s overall responsibility. However,

the art of judging is not only a question of having sufficient knowledge of the FINA Handbook. In

reality, the written rules are the easiest part of judging. The difficulty lies in mastering the unwritten

rules and factors which influence a judge as listed below (well known as "The Golden Rules").

Knowledge of the sport

Obviously, knowledge of the sport is essential. However, no person is born with it.

It can be acquired by learning to dive under good instruction, studying the FINA Handbook and

other texts, participating in judging seminars, discussing the sport with knowledgeable persons,

and most importantly, by observation in person and by viewing videotapes, films, and other media.

A great deal can be learned about the sport by studying videos of all levels of high diving and

getting exposure to as many high diving competitions as possible. No judge, however seasoned,

should stop studying and observing. Even the real experts lose their “high diving eye” after several

months without contact with high diving. It is very important to stay up-to-date on the rules and

developments of this dynamic sport.

Patience, patience, patience

There are several reasons a judge needs a lot of patience. Firstly, most of the problems that occur

during a high diving contest are not described in the rules. No written rule describes, for instance,

the difference between scores of 7 and 8 for a “good” dive. The small differences are completely

dependent on the judge’s own opinion. The written rules leave the decision almost completely to

the judge.

There are very few rules that describe exactly what the judge should do.

“Deduct ½ - 2 points,” for instance, leaves much space for individual opinions. A judge could

award either a 6 or a 7 without breaking any rule. The same applies to the rules “maximum 4.5

points" or “deduction according to own judgement” - and so on.

Thus, much of the judging system is based on the discernment and experience of the judge.

Secondly, just as the diver must train his or her body, the judge must train his or her eyes. It is

not sufficient to have an abundance of experience and good judgement if you cannot see what is

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happening in the air. The fine details cannot be grasped without regular training and observation,

especially considering the very complex and rapid movements in today’s high diving.

Finally, patience becomes particularly important in situations where a judge finds himself or

herself faced with an unhappy, disappointed parent or a coach vocally dissatisfied with the results.

Under these circumstances, a judge must control any temper he or she may have, remain tactful,

and be able to take criticism calmly, even though it may not be justified.

Be aware of your prejudices – Judge what you see

Every judge is affected by his/her preconceived opinions. For example, it is very easy for a judge

to over-score the favourites, the “stars” that have been very successful in previous contests. The

judge expects to see a good dive from the “star” diver, and therefore may rate the dive higher

than it deserves. Similarly, a bad dive by a favourite high diver may not get as low an award as a

bad dive by an unknown high diver.

There are also other variants, such as the “halo effect.” A diver who performs badly with his or

her first few dives in a contest may give the judges the impression that the diver is not very good.

The judges expect to see additional bad dives, and it may be more difficult for that high diver to

receive fair awards even if he or she performs better during the rest of the contest.

The opposite is also seen. An unknown diver starts a contest brilliantly. The audience and the

judges give the diver their support. It seems that the diver is about to achieve a break-through. In

this situation, it often happens that the judges expect the diver to continue to dive as well, and the

high diver may get high awards even if he or she performs badly on a subsequent dive.

The same thing can happen on single dives. The judges know in advance that a high diver can

perform a particular dive especially well. Alternatively, they may have seen a high diver having

difficulty with a certain dive during the practice session. In these situations, it can easily happen

that the judging of the dive is affected by the knowledge the judge has in advance. It is important

for a judge to evaluate the dive the judge sees from the judge’s chair during the competition, and

not what was seen prior to the competition.

These prejudices or anticipated results often affect judges unconsciously. It is important for judges

to be aware of the existence of prejudices and to ask themselves constantly: “Am I judging the

dive or the high diver?” “Am I judging what I see or what I expect to see?”

Vary the judging

A golden rule for each judge is to vary the judging – try to use the whole scale from zero to 10.

Since many judging analysis programs look at how many times a judge’s score was outside the

range of the rest of the panel, many judges tend to view it as a merit not to have the low or high

award. A good judge must have the courage to raise the scores on good dives and lower the

scores on bad dives. The first round is often decisive in telling whether a contest is going to be

well judged or not. If one of the judges “breaks the ice” in the first round by giving an 8 or a 9 on

a dive, it may open the door for the other judges to give high awards on good dives during the

remainder of the contest. Cautious judging in the first round often results in a “4 - 7.5 contest.”

This is often referred to as getting into a “rut,” where all the judges’ scores fall within a small range

for all high divers throughout the competition. High divers become aware of this when it happens,

and their incentive to do a great dive diminishes. When high divers see that the judging is such

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that they can receive a high score for a good dive, there is more excitement and enthusiasm, and

believe it or not, this usually results in a higher quality contest.

Therefore, remember that good judging results in good diving.

Judge independently

A judge must judge independently of the other judges. If a judge’s award differs from the awards

of the other judges, then that judge should, in principle, be convinced that he or she is the one

who is right. This “quiet confidence” is an important component of judging. A judge who has done

his or her conscientious best to judge fairly should not worry if his or her opinion happens to differ

from that of the rest of the panel. Judges sit in different positions. From these different vantage

points it is reasonable that awards may also differ somewhat. Judging high diving is not an exact

science, which is why more than one judge is used in a contest. If a judge starts to adjust his or

her scores to the others, the judge can easily lose consistency in his or her judging. Remember,

the goal of a judge is NOT to be part of a “BINGO” (where every judge gives the same award),

but to give the right award for the dive!

Independently of the audience or deck population (coaches, athletes) - judges should never let

the audience or deck population influence their judging. This can be very difficult to avoid,

especially if a hometown favourite is in the contest. However, a judge’s task is to give the high

divers a fair contest, not to please the audience. A judge has to resist letting distractions, such as

the applause of the crowd, influence his or her award. Remember, the judge is the expert, not the

audience.

Do not make up for mistakes

“I am the one who is right” is the correct attitude, but, as mentioned, only in principle. Of course,

judges sometimes make mistakes. It can happen to most judges in every contest. Judges may

ask themselves, “How can I make up for my mistake?” The answer is - do not try to compensate

by making the same mistake several times. Instead, accept that a mistake was made. For

instance, if a judge believes that his or her award was too high an award on a twisted entry in the

first round, the judge should not try to give an excessive award on all twisted entries in the entire

contest. Similarly, if a judge awarded a particular high diver too high in one round, the judge

should not judge the high diver low in the next round. In the long run, it is almost impossible to be

consistent in that way. After a few rounds a judge is back in his or her normal way of judging

whether the judge means it or not. So if a mistake was made when judging a dive, a judge should

simply forget about it. This is why the two highest and two lowest awards (or the highest and

lowest award in a panel with 5 judges) are eliminated.

Biased judging

Biased judging is an offence against the concept of sportsmanship and fair competition. All high

divers, coaches, and judges agree on that principle. In spite of this, some judges believe that they

are entitled to give their own high divers a half point extra on each of their dives. This mistake

should never be made! There is no “team” or even “national” duty to favor one’s own high diver.

It is considered an unethical practice in the sport of high diving. If you do not believe you can be

fair, you should not be judging.

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Do not respond to biased judging

Judges may claim it is their right to “respond” to bias judging. However, this mistake should be

avoided. Just as it is unethical to engage in biased judging, it is equally unethical to respond to it.

Even if one considers it a “measure of defense,” it is cheating just the same.

If judges respond to biased judging, they are no longer entitled to criticise it because they are

engaging in it themselves.

Do not let degree of difficulty influence the award

When judging a dive, the degree of difficulty should not be considered. The DD is calculated when

determining the total score for the dive performed. Judges should expect the same proficiency for

a forward 4 somersaults in pike with ½ twist as they would for a forward 2 somersaults in pike

with ½ twist.

“Am I trained enough to judge today?”

The best judge is sometimes the judge who refrains from judging and says: “No thank you. I have

not watched enough high diving lately.” This is a judge who understands the importance of

fairness in sport.

Do not be concerned who is winning or losing

It is the judge’s responsibility to judge each dive as it is performed, without consideration of the

final standings. The judge should not try to calculate the running score or current standing of the

contestants. There should be no observation of the scoreboard when it displays the standings or

current score totals.

Chapter 5: THE REFEREE

The role of the Referee in a High Diving contest is of extreme importance. It is the Referee’s duty to

manage the competition, ensuring that all divers and judges are adhering to the rules and

regulations.

As the rules are an instrument of action, the Referee

should know them thoroughly. Section HD 5 of the FINA

Handbook lists the prescribed duties of the Referee. The

Referee has many responsibilities associated with a High

Diving contest.

These responsibilities can be organised into the following

areas:

1. Before a competition

2. Before an event

3. During an event

3.1 Before a dive

3.2 During a dive

3.3 After a dive

4. Additional duties during an event

5. After an event

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5.1 Duties before a Competition

I. Inspect equipment: (i.e. platform surface). Make sure all equipment is in proper

condition and ready for the competition.

II. This inspection shall be done by the meet director in advance of the high divers’

arrival, but the Referee must determine if it has been done.

III. Check for consistent depth within the whole landing area: For venues in natural

surroundings (sea, lake, river), the appropriate local authorities must certify the water

depth at all points of the landing area.

IV. Check for proper water temperature: The water temperature shall be not less than 18

degrees Celsius in open water venues and preferable not less than 26 degrees

Celsius in Venues with artificial pools. Verifying the temperature well before the arrival

of the athletes will allow time for changing it if necessary (and possible). See FR

14.2.3

V. Check for adequate water quality: A certificate of suitability for use of the venue shall

be issued by the appropriate local health and safety authorities (see FR 14.2.4).

VI. Check for adequate water agitation: At some facilities the water agitation is not

sufficient. The Referee or meet director should take care that sufficient water agitation

is placed under the platforms (FR 14.2.5).

VII. Check for wind speed: The wind speed shall not exceed 40km per hour. A

(transportable) air speed indicator must be available to use on 20m and 27m (see

FR 14.2.6).

VIII. Ensure spectator seating and deck access will not interfere with contest: At many

competitions the spectators are placed too close to the judges or people move around

the High Diving area without care. The Referee shall insist on a buffer area

surrounding the judges and restricting the area behind the tower during the event.

This area should be used only by the high divers in the competition. Excessive

movement in front of the High Diving equipment should also be controlled. The

Referee will also ensure there is clear space around the judges to prevent interference

with the concentration of the judging panel.

5.2 Duties before an Event

I. Arrange the seating of the judges: The Referee shall place the judges close together

side by side in two lines on one side of the platforms so that they have a profile view

of the diving platform(s) to be used in the event (see FR 14.4).

II. Inspect the statement of dives submitted for each diver: If a statement is not according

to the rules, the Referee shall have it corrected before the beginning of the event. The

diver shall be informed of the Referee's decision as soon as possible (see HD 5.3 and

HD 5.4).

III. Assistant Referees: The Referee may appoint Assistant Referees to observe the

divers on the platform and to observe the landings (safety captain) (see HD 5.2).

IV. Work with the scoring table: Determine that the scoring table personnel have the

proper scoring sheets and understand their duties.

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5.3 Duties during an Event

I. Before a dive

When the dive is announced the Referee should check the dive number board to

ensure it corresponds with that on the high diver’s statement of dives, ensure that the

landing area is clear, and give a signal to start, which should not be given before the

high diver has checked the position of the safety swimmers and has informed the

Referee that he is ready to perform the dive (HD 5.11).

A Referee should give a warning to a high diver who is taking an excessive amount

of time preparing for a dive. If a high diver takes more than one minute to execute a

dive after the warning, the high diver shall receive 0 points for the dive (HD 5.12).

II. During a dive

a. During the execution of the dive, the Referee shall observe the dive to ensure it is

in accordance with the rules and take appropriate action where it is not, including

(but not limited to) the following matters:

- if any distractions cause the high diver to request a repeat of the dive (HD 5.9, HD

5.10)

- an incorrect dive or dive position is performed (HD 5.13, HD 5.14, HD 5.16)

- if the arms are not in the correct position at the entry (HD 5.20)

- the high diver over rotates or under rotates the twist or somersault by 90 degrees

or more (HD 5.19)

- if a high diver receives any assistance during the dive (HD 5.21, HD 5.22)

- a restart by the high diver (HD 5.23, HD 5.24, HD 25)

b. In cases of questionable circumstances, the benefit should always go to the high

diver.

III. After a dive

a. Ensure that all awards are being correctly displayed and recorded.

b. In the event a high diver balks, the Referee, upon completion of the high diver’s

second attempt, shall instruct the announcer to reduce each judge’s award by two

points. After a second balk in an armstand dive reduce each judge`s award by four

points. If the high diver balks a second time (armstand third time), it is a failed dive.

No further attempt shall be permitted (HD 5.23, HD 5.24, HD 5.25).

c. If a dive is performed clearly in a position other than as written, the Referee shall

instruct the judges to award no more than two points (HD 5.13).

d. When one or both arms are held above the shoulder at the entry, the Referee shall

instruct the judges to award no more than 4 ½ points (HD 5.20).

e. When the Referee is certain that a diver has performed a dive of a number other

than that announced, the referee shall declare it a failed dive (HD 5.15).

f. If a dive is incorrectly announced and is executed by the diver, the Referee may

cancel it and have the correct dive announced and performed immediately

(HD 5.10).

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g. The Referee may declare a dive to be failed if he or she determines that assistance

has been given to the diver during the execution of the dive (HD 5.22).

It is very difficult to administer this rule. The Referee must have considerable

experience and good ears to know the tricks to assist a dive. But if the Referee is

convinced that help has been given, the Referee must declare the dive to be failed.

However, if a person assists a diver by agitating the water, this is not to be

considered assistance. Assistance is helping to stop a diver’s spin or twist by some

prearranged signal.

h. The Referee may allow a diver to repeat a dive if, in the Referee’s opinion, there

was a significant distraction during the execution of the dive (i.e. strong wind).

(HD 5.7).

If a second attempt of the dive is allowed by the Referee, it is important that the

judge’s awards for the first attempt be recorded and retained to use in the event

that a protest is filed and approved.

5.4 Additional Duties during an Event

I. When an incorrect dive has been performed or performed in the wrong position or a

balk has been declared, the Referee must be certain that the proper action has been

taken by the secretariat and any other parties concerned.

II. The Referee may exclude a diver from the competition if the diver disturbs the event

by bad behaviour or other activities. If a member of a team, a coach or an official

disturbs an event, the Referee may decide that this person shall not be allowed to

stay in the competition area for the duration of the event (HD 5.27) or for the remainder

of the competition.

III. The Referee may remove any judge whose judgement is regarded as unsatisfactory

and replace him or her with another judge. Such a change of judges shall take place

only at the end of a session or a round of dives (HD 5.28, HD 5.29). Although the

rules permit such action, it is a very serious action and should be done only when

obvious bias or incompetence is being displayed by a judge during a competition. The

Referee should make the change only upon careful consideration and with adequate

justification.

IV. The Referee may find it necessary to interrupt or postpone a portion of the competition

due to adverse weather or other unforeseen circumstances. If possible, this should

be done after a full round of dives to allow for equal competitive conditions for all high

divers. If the competition cannot be continued at all, the result will be determined by

the Jury of Appeal. (HD 5.5, HD 5.6).

V. The Referee may give all competitors the right to make a re-start without a deduction

of points if a strong wind disrupts the start of a dive. This allowance should only be

made for the most extreme wind conditions and preferably be announced before the

start of the competition.

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5.5 Duties after an Event

At the end of the contest, the Referee should oversee the organisation of final results in co-ordination

with the meet secretary to ensure for accuracy. The Referee shall confirm the results by signature

(HD 5.30). This is important at any time but particularly so before releasing the results to Ceremonial

and the Media at major meets.

5.6 Summary

To function as an effective and impeccably fair Referee, a Referee must:

• Know the rules; understand their purpose; and apply them with common sense.

• Be alert and aware of the general atmosphere in the field of play, always expecting

the unexpected, and take actions to enforce the rules. Every competition has the

potential to bring its own drama.

• Not take his or her eyes off the high diver from the moment the Referee gives the

signal to start until the dive is completed.

• Be in control. Do not be rushed or pushed in any circumstance. A Referee in control

of himself or herself is in control of the competition, regardless of any crisis that may

arise. The manner of its handling can materially add to or distract from the quality of

the event.

• Be the team leader. The judging panel acts as a team to arrive at the correct score

for each dive. The Referee should be the team leader and encourage judges to be

aware of their mission to collectively judge each dive.

• As you can see, the Referee plays an extremely vital role during a High Diving

competition. The duties described in this chapter should not be taken lightly as the

fairness and integrity of a High Diving contest depends largely on how the Referee

manages the event.

• Although it is impossible to describe all of the situations that can take place during a

competition, as long as the Referee understands his or her duties and observes the

rules of the contest, the Referee should be able to successfully handle any situation

that comes along.

20


Chapter 6: JUDGING THE DIVE

The starting position, approach and take-off elements of a dive are closely inter-connected. In

addition, the initial stage of the flight is closely related to the take-off, and the components of the

flight largely determine the quality of the entry.

Therefore, in discussions regarding a dive, it is often difficult to isolate where one element ends and

another begins.

Judges are to award points based on their overall impression of the dive. Judges should be aware

that penalties associated with the individual parts of dives may or may not be cumulative. The most

important factor in judging a dive is the final award given to the whole dive. Applying penalties or

values to parts of dives is useful only as a guide. Most good judges are somewhat flexible in the

range of their awards and accurate in the comparison of the skills of the high divers in the contest.

It is very difficult to judge the overall impression of a dive and at the same time account for penalties

associated with the individual parts of the dive. To achieve success in this endeavour a judge must

see many dives and judge many contests. Studying video and shadow judging are good ways for

high diving judges to improve their ability to balance overall impression with individual parts of the

dive.

6.1 Starting Position and Take-Off

Starting Position

It is stated in rule HD 7.1.2 in the FINA Handbook “The dive must be considered without regard to

the approach to the starting position.” Obviously, this means that judging begins with the starting

position. Starting positions vary for standing, running and armstand dives.

Starting position - Standing dives

The starting position for standing dives shall be assumed when the

diver stands on the front end of the platform.

Starting position - Running dives

The starting position for a forward approach shall be assumed when the diver is

ready to take the first step.

Starting position - armstand dives

The starting position for an armstand dive shall be assumed when both hands

are on the front end of the platform and both feet are off the platform. The Referee shall declare a

two (2) points deduction if any part of the diver’s body returns to the platform after the feet have left

the platform to begin the armstand or if a diver loses his balance and moves one or both hands from

the original position at the end of the platform.

When the second attempt to obtain a balanced position is unsuccessful, the referee shall declare a

four (4) points deduction.

If the third attempt to obtain a balanced position is unsuccessful, the referee shall declare a failed

dive.

21


Starting position - Flaws

Unbalanced position in armstand – If the diver experiences difficulty getting into a steady and balanced straight position or if a steady balance in the straight position is not shown in the armstand portion before the dive, the judges should deduct from ½ to 2 points (HD 7.2.2)

Example for a running take-off

Take-Off

For the purpose of discussion, the take-off is considered to be the period of two

feet contacting the platform precedes the flight. In the case of standing platform

take-offs, to the final downward and upward motion of the body leading to the

final contact with the platform. The take-off determines the speed, angle, height

and distance a diver achieves from the platform.

22


The take-off should be strong and with a safe distance to the platform. The take-off should begin

from a balanced position at the end of the platform which allows the high diver to obtain reasonable

height in the dive at an angle which projects the dive to an acceptable distance from the platform.

The angle of the take-off varies for each dive. However, all dives have an acceptable range of angles

of take-off that will project the dive to optimum height and distance from the platform.

For standing dives, the take-off consists of the arms swinging and the legs pushing

to propel the diver up and away from the platform.

Take-Off - Running dives

The take-off in running dives is performed from both feet.

Take-Off - Armstand dives

A judge should begin evaluating an armstand dive as soon as the high diver's feet leave the platform.

A straight, controlled, vertical, balanced position must be demonstrated before the take-off begins.

The take-off from the armstand position may look different depending on the dive being performed.

For instance, a high diver may fall into a slightly piked position before the hands leave the platform

when executing an armstand forward triple somersault. This is done to initiate the somersaulting

action for the dive. Likewise, for armstand reverse somersaulting dives, a diver may fall slightly

(hands still on platform), then bends the legs and “kick” them into the tuck position as the hands

leave the platform.

Similarly, for a back armstand somersaulting dive, the high diver may bend the legs and “kip” them

into the tuck or pike position as the hands leave the platform. Whether any points should be taken

off for these types of armstand take-offs is left to the opinion of the judges.

Holding an armstand off vertical or not in a straight position will also result in a deduction by the

judges.

23


Common faults in Take-Offs

Balance - The take-off should be from a balanced position, which allows maximum height and

desirable angle of take-off resulting in correct distance from the platform. A high diver leaning forward

with his or her toes hanging over the end of the platform is an example of poor balance, and usually

negatively impacts the remainder of the dive. Similarly, a high diver who is leaning back at the take-

off is out of balance and may cause a dive to be too close to the platform and should also incur a

penalty.

Judges guide on approach and take-off:

Fault Range of deduction Comments

Unbalance take-off ½ - 2 points

Improper angle of take-off ½ - 2 points

Armstand unbalance position ½ - 2 points

Armstand no balance at all Deduction 2 points

Armstand no control, no vertical Deduction 1 point

6.2 Flight

A judge must evaluate several different elements during the flight of a dive. The height a high diver

achieves from the platform and the distance away from the platform are two of these elements. Body

position is another element. Is a high diver’s body position correct as defined by the dive being

performed? Finally, the overall form of the high diver must be considered, as well as speed of rotation

and twist mechanics in twisting dives. Are the high diver’s toes pointed and the body as tight as it

could be? A judge has much to evaluate in those one or two seconds while a high diver is in the air.

Height

As mentioned in the take-off section of this manual, the height a high diver achieves on a dive is

determined by the take-off from the platform. A reasonable amount of height is desirable, keeping in

mind the type of dive being performed and the age level of the high diver. Lack of height may be

caused by poor balance, angle of take-off, poorly coordinated movements, or lack of strength. When

a high diver fails to reach a reasonable height, points shall be deducted. Where a high diver obtains

impressive height, it may affect the overall impression of the dive and result in a reward for good

technique.

24


Distance from the platform

The distance a high diver achieves from the platform is also determined by the take-off.

There are two different cases for deductions to be made in distance from the platform:

1. Touch the platform with feet or hands

HD 7.4.9: “When a high diver touches the platform during the flight with his feet or hands, each

judge shall award up to 4 ½ points”.

To touch the platform is in any case a result of bad technique and loss of control. It can influence

the flight and the entry and must be penalised.

Sometimes a dive may touch the end of the platform even though it is not performed “unsafely”

close. For example, a high diver may brush the platform with hands or feet as a result of reaching

out from the path the body takes when passing the platform. Obviously, this should result in a

smaller deduction if the dive is not seriously affected.

2. Touching or unsafely close to the platform with head

HD 7.4.10: “When a high diver is unsafely close to the platform or touches the end of the platform

during the flight with his head, the judges shall award up to a maximum of 2 points”.

To touch the platform with the head is extremely dangerous and may seriously impact the health

of the high diver. A judge has a responsibility to indicate that a dive performed “unsafely” close is

unsatisfactory and should be considered the same as if the high diver has hit the platform. In such

cases when a high diver is “unsafely” close with the head, a maximum of 2 points shall be awarded

even when there is no contact with the platform.

Body position

During the flight the high diver can perform a dive in the straight, pike, tuck, free or 3 positions. The

position will be determined by the dive the high diver has chosen to perform.

Straight Position

In a straight position, the body should not be bent either at the knees or hips. The feet shall be

together and the toes pointed. The position of the arms is at the option of the diver.

25


Common form errors committed by a high diver when performing a dive in the straight position

include the following:

1. The body is slightly piked – This is seen on forward or inward dives when a high diver does not

have the necessary rotation to enter the water vertically. To compensate, the high diver pikes

slightly in the rotation. A judge should deduct for this depending on the severity of the pike.

1. Excessive arching of the back - This is more prevalent on back and reverse dives, when the high

diver does not have the rotation needed to make the dive go in straight. To compensate, the high

diver arches the back in order to pull the dive around so it enters the water vertically. Again, the

more severe the arch, the more severe the deduction. It should be noted that in multiple

somersaulting dives in the straight position, such as a back double, slightly more back arch is

allowable and necessary due to the rotation needed to complete the dive.

3. Bent knees (crimp) in the straight position - In a dive in the straight position, if the knees are bent,

the dive is to be judged on its overall performance and the judges (not the Referee) shall deduct

½ to 2 points from their awards, according to their individual opinion. This is more common on

multiple spinning dives, such as back and reverse double somersaults straight, where the knees

are slightly bent throughout the entire dive.

26


Pike Position

In the pike position, the body should be bent at the hips, but the legs must be kept straight at the

knees, and toes pointed with the legs together. The pike position should be as compact as

possible. Like the straight position, arm placement is dictated by the particular dive or by the

choice of the diver.

Common form errors committed by a diver when performing a dive in the pike position include

the following:

1. Knees and feet open (split) in the pike. This is usually done by a high diver to either speed up

the rotation of the dive or to assist in visual spotting. Following rule HD 7.4.1 the judges shall

deduct ½ to 2 points for a split pike if the position is not aesthetically pleasing and thus impact

the overall impression of the dive.

2. Loose pike (too open). This can happen in pike dives as well as multiple somersaults. One

reason for a loose pick is lack of flexibility on the part of the high diver. Another is lack of

strength to offset the effects of centrifugal force. This will affect either the overall impression

of the dive or the actual completion of the somersaults. A deduction ½ to 2 points if the pike

position is not aesthetically pleasing and thus impact the overall impression of the dive (HD

7.4.1).

27


3. Legs slightly bent (crimped) in the pike. This is relatively common in multiple spinning

somersaults. However, it is usually very hard for a judge to spot because the bent knees are

covered up by the diver’s arms. If a judge sees a diver’s knees bent in the pike, ½ to 2 points

should be deducted based on the severity of the bend (HD 7.4.1)

Tuck Position

In a tuck position, the body shall be bent at the knees and hips with the feet together and toes

pointed. The tuck should be as compact as possible.

When viewing the tuck from the side the tuck shall be compact, that is, the front of the thighs

close to the chest and the backs of the lower legs close to the backs of the thighs.

28


Common form errors committed by a high diver when performing a dive in a tuck position

include the following:

1. Split tuck. As in the pike position, this is usually done to either speed up the rotation or to assist

in visual spotting. If the high diver opens the knees and feet in the tuck, and the dive is not

perceived to be aesthetically pleasing, the judge shall deduct ½ to 2 points (HD 7.4.1)

2. Loose tuck. This usually indicates the diver had trouble getting into position. A deduction should be made.

In somersaults in the tuck position (other than flying somersaults) the turn must commence as

soon as the diver leaves the springboard or platform.

Free Position

The free position is not really a body

position, but a high diver’s option to use

any of the other three positions, or a

combination thereof, when performing a

twisting dive.

A combination of straight and pike or

tuck positions are common.

29


In dives with twists, the twisting must not manifestly appear to be done directly from the platform.

In other words, a high diver’s feet must leave the platform before the twist appears to have

begun. In somersault dives with twists, the twist may be performed at any time during the dive at

the option of the high diver, unless otherwise specified.

Common form errors for dives done in the free position include the following:

1. Wobbly twist - This usually indicates that the body is not quite straight

in the twist, or that the head or the hips are out of line.

2. Loose twist - There is more than one way to hold the arms in a twist.

But regardless of the method chosen, the arms should be wrapped

close to the body for twisting dives of more than a half twist. If the arms

are not held very close to the body, or if they are in an awkward

position, a deduction should be incurred.

3. Bending of the legs in the twist - When the twisting dive is in the pike or straight position there

should be no bending of the legs. A slight bending of the legs (crimp) sometimes occurs,

especially in back and reverse twisting dives, at the take-off and into the start of the twist, and

sometimes at the end of the twist during the decent or pike down before the entry. In these

instances, the judges should deduct points depending on the severity of the bend (crimp).

3 Positions

During the dive all three positions (A, B and C)

must be shown.

In all dives with 3 positions the straight position

must be shown as second position.

C position

A position

B position

30


Additional guidelines relating to body position

1. Where a dive is performed clearly in a position other than that announced the dive shall be

deemed unsatisfactory. The highest award for such a dive is 2 points. This should be declared

by the Referee but should be observed by the judges regardless of such a declaration.

2. Where a dive is performed with a break in position during the flight, the judges shall award up

to a maximum of 4 ½ points, according to their opinion.

3. In all flying dives a straight position

shall be clearly shown and that position

shall be assumed from the take-off.

When the straight position is not shown

for at least one quarter of a somersault

(90o) the judges shall award up to a

maximum of 4 ½ points, according to

their opinion even if the Referee has not

declared before to give the signal

Form

In addition to the common form errors described above, a judge should look for the following errors,

which are common to all dives. Deductions should be based on the judge’s opinion of the severity

of the flaw.

1. The high diver’s feet are flat (toes not pointed).

2. The legs and arms are loose or bent at inappropriate times during the flight.

3. The legs come apart during the dive.

Judges guide for Flight

Fault Range of deduction

Insufficient height ½ to 2 points

Dive is too close to the platform (but does not hit the

platform) ½ to 2 points (according to opinion)

Dive is unsafely close to the platform with the head (but

does not hit the platform) 2 maximum award

Dive hits the platform with feet or hands (does not affect

the dive) 4 ½ maximum award

Dive hits the platform with the head 2 maximum award

90 degrees

31


6.3 Entry

The entry, being the last part of the dive to be observed, is often given the most emphasis when

awarding points for a dive. While it is obviously an important component, the previous portion of the

dive must not be overlooked. Points to consider on the entry include angle of entry, the body posture,

head and arm alignment, distance away from the platform, amount of splash, and squareness of

entry.

Angle of entry

The angle of entry should be vertical or nearly so to be awarded maximum points. When an

entry is not vertical, two items must be assessed when allocating points for the dive:

Degree off vertical – If a dive is not vertical on entry, then it is either

short, which means the dive did not rotate enough to reach

vertical, or long, which means the dive rotated past vertical. As

a general guideline, dives which are more than five degrees off

vertical cannot be classified as very good, and dives which are

more than 35 degrees off vertical can only be deficient or lower.

Reason for being off vertical – Consideration must also be given as

to why the dive was not vertical. For example, a dive which had very

little height can cause the high diver to be short of vertical and should

be given a lower award than a dive with good height and a mis-

judgement of the come out, which caused the dive to be over-rotated

by the same degree.

Along these same principles, when a dive is short (under rotated), this usually means the high diver

has not been able to complete the skill. In some instances though, this is just poor judgement of

the amount of rotation performed. The high diver may have thought the skill had been completed

and simply prepared for the entry too soon. The judge should deduct more for the dive which was

not and could not be completed than for a dive which was short by the same degree due to poor

judgement in the amount of rotation.

Distance

Although distance was mentioned in the take-off and flight sections, it is also important to

evaluate where the dive actually enters the water. A judge must check to make sure that the

dive was not performed too far from the platform or too dangerously close. As a general rule,

60 – 90 cm away from the platform is considered good distance for a dive to enter the water,

depending on the dive performed.

Amount of splash

The rip entry (splash-less entry) technique has been one of the major reasons for the judging

fault of over-emphasising the entry when judging a dive.

A rip entry, which is a splash-less entry that produces a sound similar to cloth or paper ripping,

is a very spectacular finish to a dive. However, extreme care must be taken to ensure that the

performance of the rest of the dive is taken into account.

32


This is especially the case since many high divers have learned to rip a dive with a very short

entry. It has been common to see a short dive which would normally be awarded a 5 - 6 be given

a 7½ - 8 score due to the rip entry.

Another fault, which often occurs, is to penalise a high diver who has performed a very good dive

with high take-off, good flight, and vertical entry but which does not rip. In these cases, the dive

is often given only a 7, whereas with a rip, it would have been given a 9 or a 10.

With more and more high divers performing a rip entry, a judge must concentrate on the diver

entering the water in a vertical position rather than how close the high diver is to a rip entry. As a

general rule, a vertical rip entry should be awarded 1 point more than exactly the same dive without

a rip.

Squareness of entry

A “square” entry means that a high diver enters the water such that a judge can only see the

profile side of the body. An entry is considered twisted when a judge is able to see a portion of

either the front or back side of the body.

A twisted entry can occur on any dive, but is most prevalent on twisting dives, where the high

diver is unable to stop the twist (also called “squaring out” of the twist) at the proper time.

A general guideline is that dives that are more than five degrees off square cannot be

classified as very good or excellent. Dives which are more than 15 degrees off square cannot

be classified as good and dives which are more than 35 degrees off square can only be deficient

or lower. If a dive is twisted 90 degrees or more on the entry, the Referee shall declare it a failed

dive. However, if the Referee does not declare it a failed dive the judges are to award a zero if

in their opinion the dive has twisted more or less than 90 degrees from the requirement of the dive.

A different but similar problem to twisting on entry is casting on the entry, whereby the legs are

tilted at the side as they enter the water. It is not uncommon to see an entry which is square at

the beginning but in which the legs are 40 - 45 degrees cast (tilted) to the side as they enter the

water. Specific recommendations cannot be made for these situations as they must be judged

on merit, but in general, it can be said that this fault is not as severe as a complete twist on entry,

and would normally incur a ½ to 2 points penalty.

>90° Failed

70° 1.0-2.0

45° 3.0-4.0

05° 5.0-7.0

OK

33


Body alignment on the entry

The body should be straight when entering the water. A common fault is that the number of

somersaults has not been fully completed before the start of the entry, and the body is still being

straightened out while going through the water. In this situation, the dive can at best be considered

deficient, i.e. 4½ maximum.

Another common fault is that while the dive has been basically completed, the body is not fully

straightened and enters the water with some bending at the hips, in a semi- pike position.

This has to be judged on its merits but would normally incur a ½ to 2 points penalty.

In the entry, the arms must be on the side of the high diver’s body or at the front but always

below the navel. If the arms are not in the correct position, a deduction should be made.

If one or both arms are held beyond the shoulders in feet first entries, the dive is not to be

considered satisfactory, and the highest award for such a dive is 4 ½ points which is to be declared

by the Referee.

In all dives there is a particular movement called “Control position” which consist of a pike position

before the entry that gives the divers the opportunity to control the dive if the rotation is too slow or

too fast. For this movement there is no deduction.

OK OK

Max 4 ½ Deduction ½ - 2

202 A

204 C

34


Judges guide for Entry

Fault Range of deduction Comments

Dive not vertical on entry Judge’s discretion

Dive which is more than 5 degrees off

vertical

It can’t be classified as very good

dive

Dive which is more than 35 degrees off vertical

Is classified as deficient dive or lower (2 ½ - 4 ½)

Dive twisted on the entry Judge’s discretion

Dive twisted on the entry more or less

than 5°

It can’t be classified as very good or

excellent dive

Dive twisted on the entry more or less than 15°

Is classified as deficient dive or more (2 ½ - 4 ½)

Dive twisted on entry more or less than 35°

Is classified as deficient dive or lower (2 ½ - 4 ½)

Dive twisted on entry more or less than 90°

Failed dive

Arms are not in the correct position at the entry

½ - 2 points

Arms are above the shoulders at the entry

4 ½ maximum

302 A 5141 C

35


Chapter 7: COACHING HIGH DIVING

7.1 Introduction

The Technical High Diving Committee (THDC) of FINA welcomes you as you consider coaching the

sport of high diving.

This chapter is a basic introduction to the sport from a coaching perspective. It is not an all-inclusive

coaching manual. The concepts presented in the following pages are simply to demonstrate that

with a small amount of extra research and education, many of you can work with these athletes even

if you are newer to High Diving and even if you do not have access to a full High Diving facility. The

FINA THDC is constantly working to increase awareness and access to educational tools for

programs, coaches, and High Diving athletes. Further information on the sport can be accessed via

http://fina.org/discipline/high-diving or by sending e-mail inquiries to the High Diving Committee

directly: [email protected].

7.2 General Notes

High Diving has a strong record of safety and has instant rescue and assistance if a diver suffers

from an injury upon impact.

Traditional divers and high divers can easily train side by side using much of the same equipment

and technique.

The rules for High Diving follow a similar format and familiarity as traditional diving rules. The major

differences:

1. High divers must enter the water landing on their feet. Head first entries are not allowed in

competition.

2. The dive categories they choose from in competition are formatted differently to allow more

flexibility in selecting dives for safety reasons.

As a coach, the things you will be teaching that are different than you may be used to:

1. Most high dives end with a “Barani”, which is a single somersault with half-twist where the diver

is able to see the water the entire time.

2. Some high dives end with a “Blind entry”, meaning the athlete will not see the point of entry for

the last three-quarter somersault.

3. Some high dives end with an “Un-natural entry”, which is one-half somersault without twisting in

a back or reverse rotation.

4. There are multiple methods of teaching “back out” entries, which typically are high dives like

reverse triple somersaults or back quadruple somersaults.

5. The lead-ups for high dives involve many skills you already coach, but may be done from

different levels than you may be used to coaching them from.

If you are an experienced diving coach, the pathway to coaching High Diving is quite simple:

Learn and understand the basic skills like the Barani, Blind entry and Un-natural entry, create a

progression plan for each high diver that works towards building on his or her skills, strengths and

preferences, follow a proper lead up and exercise program to build strength and confidence to be

able to dive from heights between 20 and 27 metres.

http://fina.org/discipline/high-diving

mailto:[email protected]

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7.3 Competition Format

Men`s competition

Four (4) dives from 27m platform

One (1) required dive with a maximum degree of Difficulty (DD) of 2.8*

One (1) intermediate dive with a maximum DD of 3.6*

Two (2) optional dives with unlimited DD

Women`s competition

Four (4) dives from 20m platform

Two (2) required dives with a maximum degree of Difficulty (DD) of 2.6*

Two (2) optional dives with unlimited DD

* = Maximum DD means that divers can do a more difficult dive but will only receive the maximum

DD listed for that round. If a dive has less DD than allowed for that round, the real DD will be counted.

The two (2) dives with a maximum DD must be chosen from two (2) different take-off positions.

Following HD 1.4.11 the dives are divided into five (5)

different take-off groups:

Front

Back

Reverse

Inward

Armstand

The two (2) optional dives must be chosen from two (2)

different groups.

Following HD 1.4.2 the dives are divided into ten (10)

groups:

Forward = Group 1

Back = Group 2

Reverse = Group 3

Inward = Group 4

Armstand = Group 5

Front twist = Group 6

Back twist = Group 7

Reverse twist = Group 8

Inward twist = Group 9

Armstand twist = Group 10

Each dive receives a number and a letter based on rule

HD 1.4 “Diving Number Designations”.

The Degree of Difficulty (DD) is calculated as described in

HD 1.5 “Degree of Difficulty” and detailed in Appendix 1

(FINA Handbook) “FINA Degree of Difficulty Formula and

Components” and Appendix 2 “FINA Table of Degree of

Difficulty”.

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7.4 The Barani – First steps and progressing higher

First steps

There are several different ways to teach the Barani. According to trampoline coaches, the most

important aspect in order to teach the Barani correctly is to perform the Barani from a C or B position.

This stops the twist portion of the Barani from being initiated too early. Twisting at the proper time

helps keep the Barani square at the end. In most cases early on in a high diver’s career, the Barani

is performed out of a C or B position.

Method 1: Mini trampoline to a soft mat.

This same method can be used on a dry-board to

port-a-pit.

Front ¾ somersault from position from C position to

straight

Front ¾ somersault in position from C position to

straight with a ¼ twist

Front ¾ somersault in position from C position to

straight with a ½ twist

Front 1 somersault in position from C position to


Then repeat in position B

Method 2. Trampoline

Front 1 somersault from position from C position to

straight


straight with a ¼ twist



Then repeat in position B

Once the Barani has been achieved, ask the athlete

to land on the trampoline with their arms out wide in

order to stop the twist

Note: If you are uncomfortable teaching the Barani,

ask a local trampoline coach for assistance as the

Barani is a fundamental element of the sport of

trampoline.

The Barani

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Progressing higher

1m springboard: Use multiple bounces and perform a 103B, landing slightly over. Ask your diver to

look for the water as they kick out and envision what they practiced on the dry-board, mini trampoline

or trampoline.

3m springboard: triple bouncing take-off of a 5141B - The diver should think of the skill in two parts.

First, it’s a 103B, and then it’s a Barani. The 5141B on 3m is performed at the same speed as the

103B on 1m.

Coaching tip: Remind the athlete that once they’ve finished the 103B they must maintain sight of the

water whilst performing the Barani. In addition, you can instruct them to land with their arms out wide

when the diver lands in the water. This will get them in the habit of stopping the twist properly. This

is a case by case scenario as every athlete learns differently.

Moving Higher

Once the diver is proficient with 5141’s on 3-metre, it is time to move to 10m.

From 10m (standing) - the take-off will require similar power as a standing 103 on 3m platform.

From 10m (mini-tramp) - the take-off will be similar in power/rotational speed to a 103 on 3m

springboard.

As the skills of the diver increase, progress upward in small increments. Example: 10m / 12m / 14m

/ 17m / 20m

Common Faults in the Barani:

Turning your head to Barani / Arms closing too early on the entry / Arms not out to the side in the

Barani

Starting the Barani too early / Rotating too fast - All of these faults can cause the entry to be out of

square.

Note: The Barani’s twisting motion is created with a combination of the hips and shoulders during

the kick-out. Try not to allow your diver to “force” the Barani by throwing the arms down and back up

in the front of the body to create the twist. If the arms move out of the lateral plane during the Barani

there will be difficulty controlling the somersault and twist, causing an entry that is inconsistent and/or

out of square.

7.5 “Blind” and “Back-Out” Entries

Blind entries are used in dives like 102C and 402C. Although Blind entry dives with multiple

somersaults and twists are used in competition, they are much less common due to higher rates of

missed dives and injuries. The diver loses sight of the water for the final 3/4 of the dive. This makes

it harder to get the entry perfectly vertical. At the high speeds attained in High Diving, even 1 or 2

degrees off of vertical on entry can be dangerous.

Considerations for blind entry dives: As the athlete kicks out of the somersault, they will press

their legs forward into an “L” position while holding their head and chest calm and just short of

vertical. As the legs move forward into the “L”, the arms move out laterally until they are straight out,

plus the shoulders rise to lengthen the torso. Have the diver attempt to hold this position until rotation

is completely stopped and they have used their peripheral vision to gain awareness of where they

are in the dive. If rotation is not completely stopped, the diver can raise their arms as high as needed

39


in a lateral arc until the dive is under control. When it is time to lower the legs to prepare for entry,

the diver should press the hips forward while holding the shoulders high and smoothly lowering the

legs. Arms can remain out or up in the lateral plane until just before the entry to maintain side-to-

side stability in the latter portion of the dive. As in all high dives, the head should remain neutral and

calm.

Back-out entries are used in dives like 206b and 308d. Although it would seem like these dives

would be done similar to what you would see on trampoline, there are actually multiple ways to

perform them. In dives that end with a Barani, the athlete is able to see the water for the entire final

somersault. This gives them the ability to simultaneously see and adjust their rotation for a large

portion of the dive. Although not as difficult as blind entries, for many, back-out dives are still less

consistent than dives ending with a Barani.

The most common technique used for back-out dives is to perform the exact same dive as you

would on 10m., then pull it over to your feet. For a 208C from 27m, the diver would perform the take-

off, flight, and kick-out the same as they would on a 207C from 10m platform. Upon kick-out, they

would watch the toes go outward into the hollow position as usual. Then, as they look back towards

the water, instead of reaching the arms over the head for a headfirst entry, they would move the

arms to a lateral position. Once the head tips back to see the water and gauge how much time they

have left, they leave the arms straight out to the sides as they pull the legs over to complete the

fourth somersault, line up for entry, then bring the arms down just before contact with the water. The

only drawback of this technique is if the diver is late on their initial kick-out, they have no good way

of adjusting for that beyond raising the arms overhead to make the body longer.

The second technique, although not as common, does allow an equal amount of control. For a

208c, the diver kicks a few degrees short of straight down at the water at 206 with arms straight out.

They get a visual reference of where the water is, then pull the legs and arms back in to complete

another somersault, making it a 208. This is known as a “split back quad”. The disadvantage is that

it takes more time to complete as you must show a straight body position during the “split” portion of

the dive or there will be a form deduction.

7.6 Drills for Timing and Muscle Coordination

The most common injuries in high diving are knee and groin strains and sprains. As traditional

divers do not do a lot of feet-first entry work, certain habits are not created early on in their diving

career. Gymnasts as well as trampolinists suffer from the same issue. Most of these athletes are

taught to squeeze their leg muscles in a way that elongates the legs and feet as much as possible

for aesthetics purposes. When landing in the water at nearly 90KPH, the forces on the legs often try

to spread the legs open due to the shape of the arch on the bottom of the foot. The leg spread can

be so quick and powerful that injury can occur. Because acrobatic athletes are mostly taught to

elongate but not squeeze the legs together with great strength, they can be susceptible to “losing a

leg” upon entry. Because of this new force the divers will face, it is critical to perform drills that build

habits of using adduction muscles in the legs, as much or more than elongation muscles.

Simple drills can be performed from all heights of the diving platform. Front and back jumps in the

A, B, and C position are all valuable, as are 202 and 302 A, B and C. Finally, if done properly, a 5121

B or C can be used. If the diver has not mastered the Barani technique fully, using this as a drill can

be premature. 5141 is often the best drill for practicing the Barani early on, so the bad habits of early

twisting and/or twisting with the head are not enforced. On each drill, the diver should jump strong

with head and chest neutral, eyes focusing on the entry using peripheral vision. The arms should

40


move laterally outward during the latter portions of the flight, dropping down just in time for entry.

Hands can be placed at the sides of the body but many prefer placing the hands in the groin area,

with one hand grasping the back of the other like you would on a head-first entry. Upon impact, the

head and chest should remain neutral and the body should not “flinch” or “cringe”, which is a method

of shortening muscles as a self-preservation tactic. Even though it may feel correct to the diver,

“cringing” does not protect them. When practicing front and back jumps, the body should be in a

straight line on entry. On 202, 302, and 5121, the body should be straight or slightly hollow on impact.

Water Impact

While doing these drills, the main focus is using adduction muscle groups to keep the legs very tight

together. The diver must not stop squeezing immediately after entry as there may be an underwater

shockwave known as a second impact. Even though a second impact is much lower in force than

the initial entry on the surface of the water, if the diver has relaxed when they reach the second

impact, those forces can pull the legs apart.

The Toe Point

Foot position on entry is another area of focus during these drills. In traditional diving the athletes

are constantly told to point the feet and/or point the toes. Obviously, this is important for the form of

the dive. In High Diving, a good toe point is still important for the flight phase of the dive. On impact,

the foot position changes slightly. At entry, the diver should be pushing the ball of the feet downward

to point the foot, however, the toes should be pulled back so that the foot is in the position of being

in a high-heel shoe. This creates a hole in the water for a cleaner entry, plus engages different

muscle groups to create even more strength to help keep the diver safe.

7.7. Progression of Easier and advanced High Dives

Easier High Dives

Some of the first dives that athletes new to high diving

try are 302E, 202C, and 5141B. They are among the

easiest of high dives and can be moved up in height a

couple metres at a time without much difference.

302E is a “three position” reverse somersault that

usually begins with a reverse dive pike take-off,

transitions into the straight position with the arms fully

out to the side as the diver looks back to the water.

Then the diver gauges their height, and tucks over to

complete the somersault before lining up for entry.

How Fast

One of the difficulties an athlete faces is knowing how

fast to rotate to get a dive done safely from a certain

height. If you have intermediate heights (14m, 16m,

18m, etc.), then moving the easier dives up in small

increments is a simple progression. If there are no

intermediate heights to practice from, but you do have

access to something around 20m., use the following

references to get a basic idea of how fast to rotate:

41


Below some example how fast to rotate:

High Dives Comparative Dives from the pool’s platform

27m 20m 3m 7.5m 10m

302E 301B

202C 201C

302C 301C

5141B 103B

Safety note: We are not suggesting that it is safe for a diver to make the progression from 10m or

12m to 20m on their first dives. The difference in height is great, therefore new divers should not be

making that large of a leap. However, if they have done some high diving at 20m and higher, or have

taken some time away from high diving, the above references may help the diver in judging how

much speed to use if they must skip intermediate heights and go straight to 20m.

* Somersaulting dives that end in a Barani but have no other twists are given a position letter other

than D as the Barani is not considered a twist for high dive DD calculation. Forward double-half pike

is 5141B.

Progression of advanced High Dives

For 20m and 27m:

High divers remove the last half somersault and land head-first from 10m. Common examples:

High Dives Comparative Dives from the pool’s

platform

27m 20m 10m

5262B 5251B

5461C 405C

5264B 5253B

5266B 5245B

5181B 106B

6154D 6134D

208C 206C

5183B 5162B

Athletes should be doing a minimum of 100 lead ups before taking a large dive from platform straight

up to the top. If they are not 100% confident and fully on auto-pilot when doing the platform-based

lead ups, then the risks are much too high to take the big step.

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7.8 High Diving Training Frequency

General Training - Women

• 3m, 7.5m, 10m, 12m: lead up training and entry drills - 5 days per week

• 16m: additional simple high dives to practice entries 3-4 days per week

• 20m: 1-3 times per week depending on the athlete’s one-year plan - Most training should be in

the 2 months prior to the start of the competition season.

General Training - Men

• 3m, 7.5m, 10m, 12m: lead up training and entry drills 5 - 6 days per week

• 16m - 20m: additional simple high dives to practice entries 3-4 days per week

• 27m: 1-3 times per week depending on the athlete’s one-year plan - Most training should be in

the 2 months prior to the start of the competition season

Competition Training:

• Each athlete can perform up to a maximum of 5 - 6 dives in one session.

• It is common to perform between 2-4 dives on the first day and 2-4 or so on the 2nd day, each

athlete varies depending on injuries and physical strength.

• 1-2 warm up dives before the competition.

All training at full-height

Due to the physical and mental stress of high diving, athletes should NOT be training year-round at

full-height. Create a program with breaks between periods of multiple events, as well as taking time

off of full-height training during the off-season to rest and recover.

Strength Training

As noted above, the most common injuries are to the knee and groin so movement-based and

isometric adductor muscle strength training should be a focus of every high diver. Also, spine and

neck injuries are a concern so core-body and neck muscle groups should be strengthened. In all

cases of strength training, you should follow a program created specifically for the individual athlete

by a strength training expert.

Safety note: All training recommendations in this introduction to coaching manual will vary

depending on the athlete, their current strength, mental state, and experience in the sport of high

diving. It is always better to be on the conservative side when choosing the repetitions at each height.

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7.9 Venue and additional equipment for training

Additional Equipment for Training

Mini Trampolines:

An excellent training tool for high diving is to place a competition-type mini-trampoline on the edge

of the 10m platform. Angle the bed of the mini-trampoline towards the water and place a box that is

approximately 50cm (20in) taller than the mini-tramp, right behind the mini-tramp. The divers can

step off of the box into the trampoline and perform their dives. This is an excellent simulation tool for

the athletes.

Bubble system:

Where possible, the placement of a bubble system placed under the 7.5m and 10m platform would

be desirable.

Regardless of the location you are considering for your high dive training, you must create a strong,

clear, and instant safety and rescue plan that will be followed at ALL times you have athletes training.

Contact the FINA THDC for advice and guidance on your facility and safety programme:

[email protected]


44


Additional Training Height Boxes can be placed on the 10m platform. Currently, many high divers

are using boxes that are 2 metres tall and designed similar to the diagram below.

45


Chapter 8: ORGANISATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL HIGH DIVING COMPETITION

8.1 Officials

Organisers of international High Diving competitions need, in principle, the following officials or

functions (of which some may be combined):

a) Head of organisation

b) Main secretary

c) Chief of accommodation

d) Chief of requisites

e) Chief of transportation

f) Chief of ceremonies

g) Chief of finances

h) Press officer (see special job specification under 8.15)

i) Interpreters

j) Water safety team (see special job specification under 8.18)

k) First aid personnel

l) Doctor/s

m) Referee/s

n) Announcer/s

o) Judges (including reserves)

p) Diving secretaries

q) Computer technicians (see special job specification under 8.17)

r) Secretary for the adding machine (if manual secretariat is used)

s) Personnel to handle the photocopier

t) Personnel to handle the manual tables (if such are used)

u) Boys / girls for the distribution of results and for other assistance

v) Prize awarding officials and assisting personnel

8.2 Facilities, Venue Equipment and Requisites

The competition site and all facilities shall be in compliance with the relevant FINA Rules (BL 16).

Sites and facilities for a FINA event must be checked by a member of the FINA THDC before a final

decision.

a) Warm room, warm shower, or warm water pool so close to the facilities that the divers can

go there between each dive during the event

b) Barriers around the tower so that nobody except divers can pass there during the event

c) Chairs for the judges with numbers on the front and back of each chair

d) Chairs or benches for the participants and for the coaches, placed so that the coaches

can see the dives from the side and assist the divers during the event

e) Table and chairs for the secretariat and the Referee, placed so that the Referee can see

the dives from the side and fairly close to the announcer

f) Rain cover for the secretariat, coaches and participants, and rain cover or rain coats for

the judges as well as sun protection

g) Microphone and loud speaker (with a megaphone in reserve if the loud speaker breaks

down)

h) Music equipment for the parades, flags and national anthems for the victory ceremonies

i) A box near the tower where the divers can submit their statement of dives

46


j) A display board near the tower for information to judges, coaches and divers

k) Coffee, water, and other beverages for the judges and secretaries

l) Awards platform and medals or other prizes for the participants

m) Program for the spectators and program and other written information for the press

n) A meeting room for main officials close to the venue with lockers and letter boxes

o) Statement of dives, whistle, and a rule book for the Referee. High Diving forms and

composition of the judging panel for the announcer

p) Statement of dives, 4 rapid calculators, and pencils for the manual secretaries

q) Computer, printer, adding machine (for manual secretariat), photocopier, and paper for

the printer and the photocopier

r) A manual board for the display of the dive number and position (serves as reserve if an

electronic scoreboard is used)

s) Electronic scoreboard for the display of the diver’s awards and the diver’s total points

t) Water and / or other beverages and snacks for the judges, divers and coaches

8.3 Invitation

It is an obvious advantage for the guests to be well informed at an early stage. The invitation to the

contest should therefore contain the following information:

a) Date and place for the contest

b) Deadline for entries and the address to which entries should be sent

c) The financial conditions for participation

d) Dates of expected arrival and departure

e) Event qualification limits

f) Competition format

g) Program schedule

h) Time for training

i) Time and place for the technical meeting

j) Expected clothing for Referees and judges

k) Height of available platforms

l) Name, address, telephone number, and fax number of the hotel(s)

m) Hotel prices for single and double rooms with breakfast, half pension, and full pension

n) Name, address, telephone number, and fax number of the pool

o) Names of invited clubs / countries

p) Visa regulations if any

8.4 Information upon Arrival

Upon arrival all leaders, coaches, and divers should receive written information about the following:

a) Same information as under point 8.3 above

b) Names and working tasks of main officials, and where they can be reached

c) Names of all participants

d) Statement of dives and information where and when to deliver them

e) Transport between hotel and venue

f) Times for breakfast, lunch, and dinner

g) Where, when, and with whom to clear up the finances

h) Time and place for the farewell party and transportation to and from the party

i) General information about the town and a map with hotel and pool marked.

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8.5 Hotel and Meals

All participants should, if possible, be placed in the same hotel, and the hotel should be situated as

close to the venue as possible. The hours for breakfast and lunch must be flexible so that every diver

can eat when it suits him or her best in relation to the contest. Dinner can be served for all participants

at a fixed time if it is served after the contest. The participants should not be forced to have lunch at

the hotel if the distance between the venue and the hotel is far. Many High Divers prefer to have

lunch at the venue.

8.6 Transportation

If the venue is not situated within walking distance, the organisers should have buses available. The

buses should depart every fifteen minutes in the morning, at lunch, and before each event, and

preferably every thirty minutes during the rest of the day.

All participants should be informed about transportation times. Alternatively, each team can have its

own bus or car and, thus, decide its own times. In case the local public transport means have to be

used, the participants should be informed about timetables, number of the buses / trams and ticket

price. There should be a Head of transportation to give service and information and to be responsible

for the transportation of the teams from and to the airport / railway station upon arrival and departure.

8.7 Training

The venue shall be open for training not less than two days before the competition, preferable three

days before the competition.

8.8 Contest Hours

The first section of the contest should preferable not before 10:00 hours. In the afternoon, the last

section of the contest must not start so late that it may be getting dark by the end of the contest.

8.9 Athletes Briefing / Technical Meeting / Judges Meeting

An Athletes Briefing shall be held at the venue the day after the arrival of the athletes in the morning

around 10 am.

The athletes shall be informed about:

a) Training / Competition schedule

b) Statement of dives

c) Declaration forms

d) Key persons incl. athletes` liaison/s

e) Information boards

f) Meals (hotel/venue)

g) Transport

h) Medical assistance /Physio

i) Press conference (if applicable)

j) Facilities (tour of the venue following the

briefing)

The Technical Meeting shall be organised the day before the first day of competition (Day 0) of the

Event, to be held following the last training session.

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At the technical meeting the following should be discussed:

a) Roll call entered Federations and entered High Divers

b) Introduction key persons

c) Where applicable, introduce the FINA delegate, other FINA members, local

administrators, and name the Jury of Appeal

d) Athletes presentation

e) Information about the ceremonies (opening ceremony, introduction of High Divers in each

event, introduction of judges, victory ceremonies)

f) Last information about training on competition days, program

g) Advertising Rules

h) First aid and doping-control arrangements

i) Additional logistical information

j) Questions

If the technical meeting is held in the presence of a representative from FINA or for some

continental or other international body within High Diving, the meeting can also be used for

exchange of views and information about decisions and plans that concern the international

High Diving family.

The Technical Meeting is followed by the Judges Meeting. The following shall be discussed:

a) Roll call entered judges

b) Appointment arrangements

c) Judging principles

d) Dress code

e) Additional logistical information

f) If electronic equipment is used; Instruction as to how the touch pads work

8.10 Final Preparations before the Contest

At numerous competitions a number of technical and other problems occur during the first event.

This should be avoided. It is an offence to the competitors in that event to use it as a test competition.

Therefore, special attention should be paid to the final preparations before the first contest:

a) Check the statement of dives at such an early stage that there is time enough left to

contact the High Divers if corrections must be made and, at computerised competitions,

time enough to write the series into the computer program and check them. A printout and

posting of the list of dives should be done as quickly to give the divers the opportunity to

check for accuracy

b) Check the loud speaker at least one day before the contest and again some hours before

the contest

c) Check the positions and the number of the judges’ chairs (the closest chair on each side

in line with the front edge of the platform and the chairs numbered clockwise in accordance

with BL 16.4)

49


d) A rehearsal with the judges is compulsory. The function of the touch pads should be

demonstrated at the technical meeting but that is not sufficient. The complete electronic

system must be tested in the venue with the judges seated in the judges’ chairs. They

shall not only practice entering various awards with full and half points (including 0, 0.5

and 10 points) but also deleting and substituting for already entered awards. This

rehearsal, which preferably should be organised during a training session for the divers

early on the first day of competition also has the purpose to check that the number of each

touchpad corresponds to the number on the judges' chairs, and that the connection

functions between both the touch pads and the computer and between the computer and

the scoreboard

e) Check that the surface agitation works satisfactorily

f) Run a test contest of some 15 minutes during the training some hours before the first

event on the first day, pretending that the High Divers performed in training are competitive

dives and check that all officials are performing their task and that all equipment and

requisites are available and functioning

g) Post a list near the tower containing the High Divers’ start order, a list of their dives if

available, and the names of the judges

h) Check that all officials are present 15 minutes before the start

i) Advise the High Divers by loud speaker 10 minutes before the start and then again one

minute before the start

j) If a contest is to start at a certain hour, the first dive should be made exactly at that hour

k) Announce the participants’ names, start order, and the names of the judges about three

minutes before the beginning of the contest. If participants and judges are to parade, this

should be done at the latest 10 minutes before the contest. If applicable, inform the

coaches of an athlete parade prior to the event.

8.11 The Announcer and the Referee

The duration of diving events is often considered a major problem (daylight, tides) and mainly

depends on the time required for the secretarial and computer work (and television replays). There

are two key officials: the announcer and the Referee. If there is a delay between calculated start time

for each dive, the Referee may accelerate the competition and inform the announcer accordingly.

At international contests, the announcer is expected to speak the language of the host country. Final

results, however, must be announced in the host language and one of the FINA official languages

(English or French).

8.12 Secretariat at Contests with Electronic System

If the competition is computerised and the judge’s awards and calculations are run electronically, the

following should be observed.

a) If the computer software automatically gives the DD when entering the dive number and

position and if the DD does not correspond to the DD written by the competitor, don’t take

it for granted that the DD given by the computer is correct. It often happens that the diver

has written a correct DD but a wrong dive number or a wrong position. Consequently, ask

the referee to contact the diver and clear up any inconsistencies.

b) When checking that the correct dives have been entered into the computer program, don’t

trust reading from the monitor. It is much easier to observe mistakes if you make a printout

on paper and compare the printed list with the competitors’ original statement of dives.

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c) According to FINA Rule HD 6.10 only one secretariat is used. The secretariat records the

awards and the electronic result only, to make sure that the final result can be calculated

in a case that the electronic officiating equipment brakes down.

d) The Referee shall check that the correct dive is displayed on the electronic scoreboard.

e) For this purpose, the Referee must compare the displayed number with a copy of the

diver’s original statement of dives. A printout of the computer list may not be used by the

Referee since the number shown on the scoreboard is identical with the printout from the

computer and the computer list may be different from the original statement of dives.

f) When the judges have entered their awards on their touch pads, the Referee (or Assistant

Referee) shall check the awards on the monitor before giving a signal to the computer

technician to send the awards to the scoreboard. As judges sometimes press the wrong

button without observing it or without knowing how to correct it, the Referee should always

follow this control procedure in order to prevent obviously wrong awards from being shown

on the scoreboard. It is much more complicated and takes much more time to make

corrections when the awards have already been shown on the scoreboard. Therefore, it

is important to check strange awards in advance by asking the judge concerned. However,

if the awards already have been shown on the scoreboard, a correction should only be

granted if it is obvious that a judge has pressed the wrong button. This procedure should

not be used by judges who simply regret their award and try to adjust when they see the

awards of the other judges. Example: If a judge has given 0.5 when the others have given

5 or 5.5, a correction should be granted, but not if the judge has given 4.5.

8.13 Secretariat at Contests with Manual System

At a contest without an electronic system for judges and calculation, it

is recommended that the secretariat consist of the following 9 persons

placed in the following order:

A B C D E F G H I

A = Announcer. Reads the name and dive from the statement of dives

B = Records the awards on a set of statement of dives. Secretary B continuously writes down

all the judges’ awards during the competition and keeps them “in reserve” in case

secretaries C and I have different notations concerning the awards given on a dive as

observed by secretary F

C = Records the judges’ awards on a set of statement of dives and draws a line through

(scratches out) the appropriate high and low awards. Passes statement of dives to D

D = Adds and records the remaining awards, uses a calculator to multiply the sum of the awards

by the degree of difficulty, and records this total on the diving sheet. Passes diving form to

E

E = Adds this new score for the dive to the running total for this diver. Passes diving form to F

F = Compares the diving forms received from E and G to determine if they match. If they do not

match then determines on which form the error has occurred and makes the appropriate

correction. If the recorded awards are different on the two forms then goes to recorder A’s

diving form to determine which awards are correct and makes the appropriate changes.

Returns diving forms to secretaries C and I

G = Has the same duties as secretary E. Passes diving form to F

H = Has the same duties as secretary D. Passes diving form to G

I = Has the same duties as secretary C. Passes diving form to H

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8.14 Results

The results should always be posted and distributed to all leaders and coaches, immediately after

each session and after each event. Use the youngsters for the distribution. The results should also

be put in a special file after the whole contest and be distributed to the same persons. The team

manager should get two copies, one for the manager and one for the club or federation.

In order to give a rapid result service, the following is necessary:

a) The result lists should be prepared during the contest and that principle should be

followed also when the secretarial work is done manually

b) The copying should be done during the contest, which means that the distance between

the secretariat and the photocopier must be short

c) The complete file of the results should be input every day and immediately after each

contest of the last day so that only a few lists remain to be input after the last contest.

(At many competitions the complete result files are not even finished by the time of the

farewell party, simply because the filing work was not started until the last day)

8.15 Press and Public Service

a) Press Officer: The Organiser shall appoint a Press Officer responsible for all Event media

and press operations before, during and after the Event.

The Press Officer should be a professional journalist, a High Diving specialist and English-

speaking. The duties of the Press Officer are to generate and distribute information before,

during and after the Event, ensure optimum press coverage, arrange good working

conditions for the accredited media, and prepare a final report after the Event.

The Press Officer must develop a strategy covering 3 phases:

Before the Event:

Establish a list of the main local media, including the National News Agency, the main

national and regional written publications, radio and TV stations and develop with them

a media plan to maximise the promotion of the Event;

Regularly send information to the media and FINA Communications Department about

the Event preparation (divers, venues, accredited press…)

Plan and supervise the set-up of the press facilities at the venue, following the

principles set out in the FINA Media Guide.

During the Event:

Ensure the distribution to the media of the relevant information concerning the Event:

results, standings, comments, interview/press conferences quotes, information from

the participating National Federations, etc.

Ensure good working conditions for the media representatives;

Maintain a permanent contact with the FINA Communications Department (if a FINA

Event) to assure the diffusion of information throughout the world.

After the Event:

Prepare a final report for the FINA Communications Department (if a FINA Event)

including the effective media coverage, press clippings, photos, activities around the

Event (e.g. participation, ceremony with the presence of official personalities, sponsor

activities, etc.)

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b) FINA Communications Department (if a FINA Event): The FINA Communications

Department is the point of contact for the Event Press Officers for all matters concerning

the media planning and preparation of the Event, the diffusion of information and the

establishment of the guidelines concerning the Event media facilities. The contact

between the Event Press Officers and the FINA Communications Department shall be by

e-mail ([email protected]).

The main duties of the FINA Communications Department are:

Before the Event:

Ensure the correct application of the standards for the set-up of the Event press

facilities as described in the FINA Media Guide;

Check and approve the accredited media for the Event;

Provide historical information about the Event participants;

Distribute to the international media and to publish in the FINA official website all

relevant information prior to the Event that was received from the local Press Officer.

During the Event:

Ensure the international distribution and update the FINA official website with all the

relevant information concerning the competition – results, standings, comments,

quotes, information from the National Federations;

After the Event:

Publish the Event report and results sent by Event Press Officer in FINA publications

and on the FINA Website.

c) Information Distribution: The Organiser shall ensure the distribution of Event information

to national/local and international Press Agencies of participating nations and written

press, local media and to FINA (for circulation to international media).

The Event Press Officer must establish a complete list with names and contact details of

the local and on-site media as well as individual journalists to be contacted, together with

a checklist of the material that should be sent and distributed to them (to complement the

information received by the international media).

The information to be distributed includes:

Press releases and website articles (generated in co-operation between the Event

Press Officer and FINA Communications Department),

Start Lists (produced by the Event Press Officer and distributed on-site to the

accredited press (including TV broadcasters), on the Event website and sent to the

FINA Communications Department),

Results/ranking of High Divers (produced by the FINA Communications Department

and FINA Scorer) and distributed by FINA to the International Media and published on

the FINA official website

The Event Press Officer must establish a complete list with names and contact details of

the local and on-site media as well as individual journalists to be contacted, together with

a checklist of the material that should be sent and distributed to them (to complement the

information received by the international media).


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d) Press Information Kit: The Organiser shall prepare a Press Information Kit giving detailed

Event information and distributed at the Press Conferences before the Event, as well as via

the Event website. The kit must include:

Detailed presentation of Event participants (history, performances, biographies, etc.)

Competition formula

Competition schedule

Press Conferences time schedule and place

Name and contact details of the Event Press Officer and of the FINA Communications

Department

Referee, Judges and FINA Delegates’ names

List of FINA and HDWC personalities

The Press Information Kit is produced by the FINA Communications Department in conjunction

with each local Press Officer.

The Press Information Kit, as well as the Official Programme and daily Press Releases shall

be distributed to: FINA representatives on site and the FINA Communications

The Department, participating National Federations, TV Broadcasters, accredited Media,

Sponsors, VIP guests, etc.

e) Press working room: The Organiser shall provide and furnish a press working room, which

must have direct access to the press tribune and include: tables and chairs, power outlets for

PCs and telephones, internet access (wireless connections are desirable); TV monitors

showing the competition; and refreshments. A separate photographers’ working area should

be provided.

The Organiser shall provide a computer with an internet connection and a printer for the journalists

to consult the FINA official website and the local website of the competition.

f) Press Tribune: The Organiser shall provide and furnish a press tribune which should offer a

clear visibility of the venue to all journalists. Power outlets sockets must be available in

accordance with the number of accredited press.

g) Press Conference Room: The Organiser shall provide and furnish a press conference room

for the duration of the Event, very close to the press working room and accessible to the

coaches and the High Divers without them having to pass through any zone open to the public.

The room must be big enough for a minimum of 25 journalists and a TV crew, with a head

table for 4 persons. At least 1 microphone must be provided for the head table and another for

the interpreter as well as one wireless microphone for the questions. The Organiser shall

provide and furnish a backdrop behind the head table with the Event title and logo.

h) Press Conference: The Organiser shall stage a pre-Event press conference on the day before

the first day of competition, and the Organiser shall ensure the participation of at least 1 male

and female High Diver and 1 coach from its team, as well as inviting divers/coaches from other

participating teams to attend.

All High Divers and coaches participating in the event are obliged to attend the pre-Event press

conference, if requested by FINA and/or the Organiser. All team managers and/or national

press officers should be informed that the presence of their respective athletes/coaches may

be requested for a press conference.

After each competition session, all medal winning athletes are obliged to attend a post-event

press conference, and they will be brought to the press conference room by the Organiser

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i) Mixed Zone: All participating divers are obliged to pass through the mixed zone after

competing, and are encouraged but not obliged to give interviews to the media present

there

j) Accreditation: Only professional journalists and photographers may be accredited. In

order to be accredited, journalists have to fill and return to the Organiser a Media

Accreditation Form indicating their National or AIPS Press Card number. Holders of a

FINA Press Card will be automatically accredited

8.16 DOPING CONTROL

If a doping control is planned the FINA Doping Control Rules (DC) must be observed.

8.17 OFFICIATING AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT

The officiating and judging equipment shall be in accordance with FINA Rules.

a) Officiating and judging equipment includes:

6 or 8 touch pads for the judges (depending if a 5 judge` or 7 judge` panel is used plus

1 reserve touch pad).

Scoreboards and a video-board. The scoreboard control unit must have preferably a

minimum of 12 lines containing 32 digits (or scoreboard as described in FINA Rule FR

4.7.1). The scoreboard must be able to display all recorded information.

b) The following facilities and services are requested:

Control Room / Working Area: The necessary room/area for the set-up and operation of

the Scoring Partner’s equipment, including the necessary power and other facilities, and

with a clear view to the competition area.

Customs Clearance & Fees: Assisting the Scoring Partner with respect to customs

clearance, and shall be responsible for any fees or taxes imposed on the Scoring Partner

for the temporary importation of its equipment for the Event.

Equipment / Storage Space: The necessary space (that can be locked) at the Venue for

the installation of the equipment needed for the fulfilment of the services of the Scoring

Partner, as well as any necessary storage space.

Local Equipment Transportation: Local transportation before, during and after the Event

for the moving of equipment to and from various sites, as well as all assistance with the

loading and unloading of vehicles.

Connections: All necessary connections and cabling as required by the Scoring Partner,

HB, media and others, as to be agreed between the parties.

Furnishings: The necessary tables, chairs, and the like for the satisfactory installation

and operation of the Scoring Partner’s equipment in a lockable control room. The

Organiser shall provide the Scoring Partner’s staff with a key for their use.

Electrical Power: The necessary electrical power (if possible 220VAC, 16A and 50A) and

power outlets sufficient to provide the services required.

Working Conditions: Maintain the Scoring Partner working areas at 20°C (+/- 2°C).

Project Coordinator: Appoint an English-speaking person to act as a project coordinator

to work with the Scoring Partner’s personnel before and during the Event.

Security Personnel: Provide a security service to ensure that no unauthorised persons

have access to the Scoring Partners and Host Broadcaster’s equipment; security must

be provided 24 hours a day at all places where equipment is installed.

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8.18 Safety and Security

a) Security and Emergency Rescue Requirements (see FR 14.3)

Not only for the competition but during all training sessions from 20m and higher medical

staff, scuba teams and rescue equipment must be on duty and in position at the venue.

The medical staff shall consist of two (2) doctors with knowledge in trauma injuries, two

(2) staffed ambulances on site and a designated hospital with an orthopaedic surgery

unit on alert.

Water safety team with one (1) water safety captain, two (2) apnoea safety swimmers

and one (1) scuba safety diver. For long training and competition sessions reserve teams

are required.

The rescue equipment comprises: 2 rescue boats (in natural surroundings), 2 spinal

boards, 5 stiff neck collars, 2 defibrillators, 2 oxygen tanks, blankets, general first aid kit.

The medical staff and the water safety team must be well trained. Training sessions

before the first training session starts, are requested.

b) Security guards (FR 14)

The facilities must be protected by security guards to prevent any unauthorised persons to

climb the tower.

c) General requirements

A certificate of suitability for use of the venue shall be issued by the appropriate local

health and safety authorities. This certificate must relate to the general water quality for

human use.

In open water venues a certificate must guarantee that the whole landing area is free

from any obstacle under water.

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Appendix 1: GLOSSARY

Approach - The portion of the dive immediately following the starting position. For standing dives,

the approach commences when the legs begin the press.

For running dives the approach commences when the diver leaves the starting position and begins

the movement towards the end of the platform.

Armstand Dives - A group of dives in which a high diver begins a dive from an armstand position

at the end of the platform.

Balk - When a high diver stops a dive after he or she has left the starting position. This illegal

movement by the high diver will resulting in a two points deduction from each judge’s award for: (1)

a false start in which a high diver makes an obvious attempt to start the approach but does not

complete the dive, (2) a loss of balance on an armstand dive causing any part of the body to return

to the platform, or (3) any movement of the hands on an armstand dive after both feet have left the

platform.

Cast - A term used to describe an entry in which a high diver’s body is entering the water off-axis,

or tilted sideways.

Degree of Difficulty (D.D.) - A rating of the difficulty of a dive as determined by the Degree of

Difficulty Formula. The D.D. is multiplied by the sum of the remaining judges' awards after

cancellations when calculating the total score for a dive.

Entry - The conclusion of the dive as the high diver enters the water. An entry in high diving is always

feet-first, head-first entries are not allowed.

Failed Dive - A dive that receives zero points.

Federation Internationale de Natation (FINA) - The international governing body for aquatic

sports, including high diving.

Free Position (Position D in the DD Formula and Tables) - Twisting dives where the high diver

can use any of the positions straight, pike, or tuck or any combination of them.

Judge – High diving official who evaluates the performance of each dive and makes an award on a

scale of 0 (lowest) to 10 (highest).

Long - A term used to describe a dive that has over-rotated.

Pike Position (Position B in the DD Formula and Tables) - A dive position in which the body is

bent at the hips, the legs are straight at the knees, the feet together, and the toes pointed. The

position of the arms is optional.

Press - The action of a high diver loading the body weight onto the legs prior to take-off.

Referee - High Diving official who manages the competition and insures that all regulations are

observed.

Rip Entry - An entry into the water that creates little splash and is accompanied by a sound similar

to fabric ripping.

Running Dive - Any dive that utilises a forward approach with steps with a take-off with both feet

together or one foot take-off.

Save - A term used to describe a high diver’s deliberate movement underwater to make the dive

appear to enter the water as vertically as possible.

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Short - A term used to describe a dive that is under-rotated at the entry.

Split Tuck or Pike - A flaw in the tuck or pike positions in which a high diver separates, or splits, the

legs apart during the execution of the dive.

Spotting - A technique in which a high diver visually sees or “spots” a specific reference point to aid

orientation during a somersaulting dive.

Square - A term used to describe an entry that is not twisted.

Square-out - The method of stopping the twist in dives that combine somersaulting and twisting.

Standing Dive - Any dive that begins from the front end of the platform without taking any steps or

bounces prior to take-off.

Straight Position (Position A in the DD Formula and Tables) - A dive position in which the body

is straight without bending at the knees or hips, feet together, and toes pointed. The arm position is

optional. Formerly called the “layout” position.

Starting Position - The position a high diver takes to begin the dive, and the point in which a judge

begins to evaluate the dive.

Take-Off - The period of two feet contact with the platform precedes the flight. In the case of standing

platform take-offs, to the final downward and upward motion of the body leading up to the final

contact with the platform.

Tuck Position (Position C in the DD Formula and Tables) - A dive position in which the body is

bent at both the hips and the knees and the hands are held on the lower legs with the knees and

feet together.

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Appendix 2: HIGH DIVING RULES & BY LAWS

HD 1 GENERAL

HD 1.1 These Rules shall govern all FINA High Diving competitions covered by BL 9 (World

Championships) and BL 11 (World Cups).

HD 1.2 All high diving installations shall be in accordance with the FINA Facilities Rules,

inspected and approved by the delegate of FINA, and a member of the Technical High Diving

Commission no later than 120 days prior to the start of the competitions. Construction of new

installations should be subject to an inspection of the proposed site and environmental conditions

prior to commencement.

HD 1.3 Divers younger than 18 years on December 31st in the year of the competition shall not

be permitted to compete at the World Championships or World Cups.

HD 1.4 Diving Number Designations

HD 1.4.1 All dives shall be designated by a system of 3, 4 or 5 numerals followed by a single

letter.

HD 1.4.2 The first digit (or the first two digits) shall indicate the group to which the dive

belongs:

Forward (Group 1)

Back (Group 2)

Reverse (Group 3)

Inward (Group 4)

Armstand (Group 5)

Front Twist (Group 6)

Back Twist (Group 7)

Reverse Twist (Group 8)

Inward Twist (Group 9)

Armstand Twist (Group 10)

HD 1.4.3 In the Front, Back, Reverse and Inward group with three (3) numerals, a one (1) in

the second digit indicates that the dive has a flying action during the dive. When there is no

flying action the second digit shall be 0. The third digit shall indicate the number of half

somersaults to be performed. For example: 2 = 1 somersault, 8 = 4 somersaults. When there

are 5 or more somersaults there will be four digits with the third and fourth digits indicating the

number of half somersaults. For example 10 = 5 somersaults as 1010.

HD 1.4.4 In the Front, Back, Reverse and Inward group with four (4) numerals, a one (1) in

the second digit indicates the group or direction to which the dive belongs (for Example 5181).

The third digit indicates the number of half somersaults to be performed (for example 8 = 4

somersaults). The fourth digit indicates the number of half twists to be performed.

HD 1.4.5 In the Armstand and Armstand Twist group the second

digit indicates the group or direction to which the dive belongs:

1 = Front

2 = Back

3 = Reverse

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HD 1.4.6 In the standing Twisting group (those dives beginning with the digit 5) the second

digit indicates the group or direction of the take-off as listed in D 1.4.2 above.

HD 1.4.7 In the Twist and Armstand Twist group the fourth digit indicates the number of half

twists to be performed. When there are 5 or more twists the last two digits indicates the number

of ½ twists. For example 62510 in Armstand 2 ½ somersault back with 5 twists. In this case

the number designation content 5 numerals.

HD 1.4.8 The letter at the end of the dive number shall indicate the position in which the dive

is performed:

A = Straight

B = Pike

C = Tuck

D = Free

E = 3 positions

HD 1.4.9 “Free” position means any combination of the other positions and is restricted in

its use in some Twisting and Armstand dives.

HD 1.4.10 3 positions means that during the dive all positions A, B and C

must be shown.

HD 1.4.11 The dives are divided into five (5) take-off positions:

Front

Back

Reverse

Inward

Armstand

HD 1.5 Degree of Difficulty

HD 1.5.1 The degree of difficulty of each dive is calculated using the following formula (the

component values of the formula are outlined in Appendix 4):

A + B + C + D + E + F = DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY (DD)

HD 1.5.2 As a guide, dives with their numbers and DD are tabled in Appendix 2.4.

HD 1.5.3 Any dive which is not tabled in Appendix 2.4, but is used in a competition, shall be

given the dive number and DD as determined in accordance with Rules HD 1.4 and HD 1.5.

HD 1.5.4 In calculating the degree of difficulty for dives with twists, the following need to be

noted:

1. Dives with 1 and 2 somersaults and twists can only be executed in position D.

2. Armstand dives with 1 ½ somersaults and twists can only be executed in Position D.

3. Forward and Inward twisting dives with 3 somersaults with ½ - 2 ½ twists can only be

executed in position B or C. All remaining dives are executed in position D.

4. Back and Reverse twisting dives with 3 somersaults with ½- 3 twists can only be


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5. Forward Armstand twisting dives with 2 ½ somersault with ½ - 1 ½ twists can only be


6. Back Armstand twisting dives with 2 ½ somersaults with ½ - 2 twists can only be


7. Dives with 4 and more somersaults and twists can only be executed in position B or C.

8. Armstand dives with 3 ½ and more somersaults and twists can only be executed in

position B or C

HD 1.5.5 The Appendixes 1 and 2 are established by the FINA Technical High Diving

Committee (THDC) and approved by the FINA Bureau.

HD 2 COMPETITIONS

HD 2.1 General

HD 2.1.1 The order of diving shall be determined by a random draw. This shall be held at a

technical meeting immediately after the final training session and prior to the first day of

competition. When available an electronic draw shall be used

HD 2.1.2 If the competition is divided into sessions, the divers shall compete in reverse order

of their ranking determined by the total scores at the end of the previous session. In the case

of a tie, the dive order shall be determined by a draw between the affected divers.

HD 2.1.3 When two or more divers score the same number of points, a tie shall be declared

for that particular place.

HD 2.1.4 In all events, the diver with the highest total points shall be declared the winner of

that event. Their final points shall rank the remaining divers.

The procedure for protests is outlined in GR 9.2.

HD 2.2 27m / 20m Platform

HD 2.2.1 All entered divers will be required to submit experience evidence for qualification

purposes to the THDC.

HD 2.2.2 The points of all dives are added.

HD 2.2.3 The height of the Men’s competition shall be 27 metre.

HD 2.2.4 The height of the Women’s competition shall be 20 metre.

The Competition Format is outlined in By Law: BL 15

HD 3 STATEMENT OF DIVES

HD 3.1 Each diver shall deliver to the Referee, a complete statement of the selected dives

on the official form of the event for the competition. A diver may provide two (2) reserve dives

which may be substituted five (5) minutes before commencement of the final round of dives

subject to the dive being compliant with the competition rules.

HD 3.2 The diver is responsible for the accuracy of the statement in the list and the diver shall

sign the statement of dives.

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HD 3.3 The statement of dives shall be submitted 24 hours before commencement of the

competition.

HD 3.4 The Referee may accept changes up to one hour after the end of the final published

training session for each event. Changes may be made up to three (3) hours prior to the

commencement of the competition, provided a fee accompanies it equivalent of 250 Swiss

Francs.

HD 3.5 Unless the statement is presented within the time prescribed, a diver shall not be

admitted to the competition.

HD 3.6 The diver may change the statement of dives before the last dive immediately after

the previous dive. If a new statement of dives is not submitted within the prescribed time, the diver

shall perform the dives as indicated in the initial submission.

HD 3.7 When the closing times have passed, no change in the statement of dives shall be

permitted.

HD 3.8 The statement of dives shall contain the following information in the order of execution

of the dives:

- The number of each dive according to Rules 1.4.1 to 1.4.7

- The execution or position of the dive according to Rule 1.4.8

- The degree of difficulty as determined by the Formula described in Rule D 1.5

HD 3.9 The dives in each round shall be executed by all the divers consecutively, according

to the starting order.

HD 3.10 The statement of dives shall take precedence over the scoreboard and any

announcement.

HD 4 COMPETITION PROCEDURE

HD 4.1 Control of Competition

HD 4.1.1 Every competition shall be controlled by a Referee, supported by Assistant

Referees, together with Judges and a Secretariat.

HD 4.1.2 The number of the dive to be performed and the position of execution shall be

displayed on an indicator board visible to both divers and judges.

HD 4.1.3 A computer programme with adequate capability to produce a judging analysis

shall be used.

HD 4.1.4 When electronic scoring equipment is not available the judges must have flash

cards to display their awards. These flash cards must be capable of showing awards from 0 to

10 by half points.

HD 4.2 Composition of the Judges Panels

HD 4.2.1 Whenever possible, seven (7) judges from different Federations shall be used.

HD 4.2.2 If not enough judges are available, five (5) judges from different Federations may

be used.

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HD 4.2.3 The Referee shall place the judges on one side of the platform (detailed

specifications see FR 14.4).

HD 4.2.4 Once placed, a judge shall not change position unless at the discretion of the

Referee, and then only in exceptional circumstances.

HD 4.2.5 When a judge is unable to continue to function after the competition has started,

he/she shall be replaced by the reserve judge, preferably at the end of a round.

HD 4.2.6 After each dive, on a signal given by the Referee, each judge shall immediately

and simultaneously, without communicating with one another, and in a distinct manner,

indicate the award for the dive. When an electronic judging device is used, the judges shall

enter their awards into their electronic score pads immediately after the performance of the

dive.

HD 4.2.7 The judges’ awards shall be displayed on the electronic scoreboard, preferably

unseen by the judges. The awards (without any other information about the standing of the

competition) must be seen by the judges on their electronic score pads.

HD 5 DUTIES OF THE REFEREE AND ASSISTANT REFEREES

HD 5.1 The Referee shall be in control of the competition and located in a position so that he

can manage the competition and ensure that the Rules are observed.

HD 5.2 The Referee may designate Assistant Referees.

HD 5.3 The Referee shall inspect the statements of dives. If the statement does not comply

with the Rules, the Referee shall have it corrected before the beginning of the competition but in

accordance with the rules of the event.

HD 5.4 The diver shall be informed of the Referee’s decision, that a correction is required, as

soon as possible.

HD 5.5 In the case of unforeseen circumstances, the Referee may declare a short break, a

postponement or a discontinuation of the competition. If possible the break should be done after

a full round of dives.

HD 5.6 Following an interruption, the competition shall be continued from where it was

stopped. The points scored before the interruption shall be carried forward into the remaining

portion of the competition, whenever it is held. The final results must be based on the last

complete round of dives.

NOTE: If the competition cannot be continued, the result will be determined by the Jury of Appeal.

HD 5.7 When there is a strong wind, the Referee may give a diver the right to make a re-start

without deduction of points.

HD 5.8 Before each dive, the Referee or the official announcer shall announce in the

language of the host country the name of the diver and the dive to be executed. If a scoreboard

is used, all information concerning the dive shall be displayed and the announcement may be

restricted to the identification of the diver.

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HD 5.9 When a dive is incorrectly announced, the diver or his representative shall advise the

Referee immediately, who shall then confirm the diver’s statement of dives.

HD 5.10 If the incorrectly announced dive is executed by the diver, the Referee may cancel it

and have the correct dive announced and performed immediately. The awards for the first dive

must be noted should a protest be lodged.

HD 5.11 The dive shall be executed after a signal given by the Referee. The signal shall be

given as soon as the diver has checked the position of the safety swimmers and has informed

the Referee that he is ready to perform the dive, and after the Referee has checked the indicator

board.

HD 5.12 Each diver shall be given sufficient time for the preparation and execution of the dive.

If it takes more than one minute after the Referee has given a warning, the diver shall receive

zero (0) points for the dive announced.

HD 5.13 When it is quite clear that the dive has been performed in a position other than that

announced, the Referee shall repeat the announcement, and declare that the maximum award

shall be 2 points, before giving the judges the signal to show their marks. If a judge then awards

more than 2 points, the Referee shall declare the award from that judge to be 2 points.

HD 5.14 When a dive is performed with a break of position during the flight, the Referee shall

declare the maximum award to be 4 ½.

HD 5.15 When the Referee is certain that a diver has performed a dive of a number other than

that announced, the Referee shall declare it a failed dive.

HD 5.16 When the Referee is certain that in a dive with a flying action, the straight position is

not shown for at least (90º), the Referee shall declare a maximum award of 4 ½ points.

HD 5.17 If a diver touches the platform during the flight with his feet or hands, the Referee

shall declare a maximum award of 4 ½ points.

HD 5.18 If during the execution of a dive, a diver is unsafely close to the platform or touches

the end of the platform with his head, the Referee shall declare a maximum award of 2 points.

Preferable the Referee`s decision is based on a measurement of the distance by a camera.

HD 5.19 When a twist is greater or less than 90° at the entry, the Referee shall declare it a

failed dive.

HD 5.20 If a diver held one or both arms above the shoulder at the entry, the Referee shall

declare the maximum award to be 4½ points. If a judge then awards more than 4 ½ points, the

Referee shall declare the award from that judge to be 4½ points maximum.

HD 5.21 During the execution of a dive, there shall be no assistance given to the diver from

any person. Assistance between dives shall be permitted.

HD 5.22 The Referee may declare a dive to be failed if he considers that assistance has been

given to the diver after the starting signal.

HD 5.23 When there is a restart in a running, standing, or armstand dive, the Referee shall

deduct 2 points from the award of each judge.

64


HD 5.24 When a second attempt (a re-start) is unsuccessful the Referee shall deduct 4 points

from the award of each judge.

HD 5.25 When a third attempt is unsuccessful, the Referee shall declare a failed dive.

HD 5.26 When a diver refuses to execute a dive, the Referee shall declare a failed dive.

HD 5.27 If a diver in a competition disturbs a contest, the Referee may exclude him from that

competition. If a member of a team, a coach or an official disturbs a contest; the Referee may

exclude that person from the competition area.

HD 5.28 The Referee may remove any judge from the competition whose judgement he

regards as unsatisfactory and may appoint another judge to replace him. At the end of the

competition the Referee shall make a written report to the Jury of Appeal.

HD 5.29 Such a change of judge shall take place only at the end of a session or round of dives.

HD 5.30 At the end of the competition the Referee shall confirm the final results by his

signature.

HD 6 DUTIES OF THE SECRETARIAT

HD 6.1 The records of the competitions shall be kept by two independent secretaries.

HD 6.2 In order to facilitate the scoring, a computer, a rapid calculator, or a chart may be

used.

HD 6.3 The judges’ awards shall be announced in their seating order and the first secretary

shall record all awards as announced on the diver’s statement of dives. When a computer and a

scoreboard are used, the announcement of the judges’ awards is not necessary and the secretary

may record the awards directly from the monitor.

HD 6.4 The second secretary shall enter the judges’ awards on the diver’s statement of dives.

When a computer is used to determine the scores, the second secretary may record the awards

directly from the monitor.

HD 6.5 When seven (7) judges are used the secretaries shall cancel the two (2) highest and

the two (2) lowest judges’ awards. When more than two (2) awards are equal only two of the

equal awards shall be cancelled. If only five (5) judges are used, the secretaries shall cancel the

highest and the lowest award.

HD 6.6 The secretaries shall independently add the remaining awards and multiply this total

by the degree of difficulty for the dive to determine the score of the dive according to the following

examples:

Five (5) judges: 8.0, 7.5, 7.5, 7.5, 7.0 = 22.5 x 3.8 = 85.5

Seven (7) judges: 8.0, 7.5, 7.5, 7.5, 7.5, 7.5, 7.0 = 22.5 x 3.8 = 85.5

HD 6.7 When a judge by reason of illness or any other unforeseen circumstances, has made

no award for a particular dive, the average of the awards of the other judges shall be adopted as

the missing award. The award shall be rounded up or down to the nearest half point or whole

point. Averages ending in .01 to .24 shall be lost. Averages ending in .25 to .74 shall be rounded

to .50. Averages ending in .75 or higher shall be rounded up to the next whole point.

HD 6.8 At the end of the competition the two secretaries shall compare the score sheets.

65


HD 6.9 The result of the competition shall be obtained from the score sheets.

HD 6.10 If electronic officiating equipment is in use, it is allowable to use only one secretariat.

The secretariat records the awards and the electronic result only, to make sure that the final result

can be calculated in a case that the electronic officiating equipment breaks down.

HD 6.11 The final result shall be announced in one of the official languages of FINA (English

or French).

HD 7 JUDGING

HD 7.1 General

HD 7.1.1 A judge shall award from 0 to 10 points for a dive according to his overall

impression within the following criteria:

Excellent 10

Very Good 8.5 – 9.5

Good 7.0 – 8.0

Satisfactory 5.0 – 6.5

Deficient 2.5 – 4.5

Unsatisfactory 0.5 – 2.0

Completely failed 0

HD 7.1.2 When judging a dive, the judge must not be influenced by any factor other than

the technique and execution of the dive. The dive must be considered without regard to the

approach to the starting position, the difficulty of the dive, or any movement beneath the

surface of the water.

HD 7.1.3 The points to be considered in judging the overall impression of a dive are the

technique and grace of:

- the take-off

- the flight

- the entry

HD 7.1.4 When a dive is performed clearly in a position other than that announced the dive

shall be deemed unsatisfactory. The highest award for such a dive is 2 points, notwithstanding

that the Referee has not repeated the announcement and declared maximum 2 points.

HD 7.1.5 When a dive is performed with a break of position during the flight, the highest

award for such a dive is 4 ½ points, notwithstanding that the Referee has not declared

maximum 4 ½ points.

HD 7.1.6 When a dive has a break in the position just at or before the entry, the judge shall

deduct from ½ to 3 points, according to his discretion.

HD 7.1.7 When a dive is not performed in the straight (A), pike (B), tuck (C), free (D) or 3

position (E) position as described, the judge shall deduct from ½ to 2 points, according to his

opinion.

HD 7.1.8 When a judge considers that a dive of a different number has been performed he

may award zero (0) points, notwithstanding that the Referee has not declared it to be a failed

dive.

66


HD 7.2 Starting position

HD 7.2.1 The starting position in standing dives shall be assumed when the diver stands at

the front edge of the platform, in a running dive when the diver is ready to take the first step of

the run and in an armstand dive when both hands are on the front end of the platform and both

feet are off the platform.

HD 7.2.2 When, in an armstand dive, a stationary and steady balance in the straight vertical

position is not shown, each judge shall deduct from ½ to 2 points, according to his opinion.

HD 7.2.3 A re-start shall be allowed when a diver in a standing or running dive stops and

then continues, and in an armstand loses the balance, one or both feet return to the platform,

or any other part of his body other than his hands touches the platform. When a diver loses

his balance and moves one or both hands from the original position at the front end of the

platform, this shall be deemed a re-start. The Referee shall declare a 2 point deduction from

each judge.

HD 7.3 The Take-Off

HD 7.3.1 The take-off in forward and reverse dives may be performed either standing or

running at the option of the diver. The take-off in backward and inward dives must be performed

standing.

HD 7.3.2 The take-off shall be strong and with a safe distance to the platform.

HD 7.3.3 When the take-off is not strong and with a safe distance to the platform, each judge

shall deduct from ½ to 2 points according to his opinion.

HD 7.3.4 In dives with twist, the twisting shall not be manifestly done from the platform. If the

twisting is manifestly done from the platform, each judge shall deduct ½ to 2 points, according

to his opinion.

HD 7.4 The Flight

HD 7.4.1 During the flight, the position of the dive shall be at all times aesthetically pleasing.

Should any of the positions not be shown as described below, each judge shall deduct ½ to 2

points, according to his opinion.

The dive can be executed in the following positions:

Straight (A)

HD 7.4.2 In the straight position, the body shall not be bent either at the knees or hips. The

feet shall be together and the toes pointed. The position of the arms is at the option of the

diver.

Pike (B)

HD 7.4.3 In the pike position, the body shall be

bent at the hips, but the legs must be kept

straight at the knees, the feet shall be together,

and the toes pointed. The position of the arms is at the option of the diver.

These diving illustrations serve as a guide only and the position of the arms is at the choice of

the diver except in the entry.

67


Tuck (C)

HD 7.4.4 In the tuck position, the body shall be compact, bent at the knees and hips with the

knees and feet together. The hands shall be on the lower legs and the toes pointed.

These diving illustrations serve as a guide only and the position of the arms is at the choice of

the diver except in the case of the hands in the tuck and the entry.

Free position (D)

HD 7.4.5 In the free position, the body position is optional but the legs shall be together and

the toes pointed.

HD 7.4.6 In somersault dives with twist, the twist may be performed at any time during the

flight.

3 positions (E)

HD 7.4.7 During the dive all three positions (A, B and C) must be shown. In dives 102 E, 202

E, 302 E, and 402 E, the straight position (A) must be shown as second position.

Flying (F)

HD 7.4.8 In all flying dives a straight position shall be clearly shown and that position shall

be assumed from the take-off. When the straight position is not shown for at least one quarter

of a somersault (90º) the maximum award by the judges shall be 4½ points, notwithstanding

that the Referee has not declared maximum 4 ½ points.

HD 7.4.9 When a diver touches the platform during the flight with his feet or hands, each

judge shall award up to 4 ½ points, notwithstanding that the Referee has not declared a

maximum award of 4 ½.

HD 7.4.10 When a diver is unsafely close to the platform or touches the end of the platform

during the flight with his head, each judge shall award up to 2 points, notwithstanding that the

Referee has not declared a maximum award of 2 points. If the majority of the judges (at least

three (3) in a 5 judge panel / at least four (4) in a 7 judge panel) award two (2) or less points,

all higher scores shall be two (2) points.

HD 7.5 The Entry

HD 7.5.1 The entry into the water shall in all cases be vertical, not twisted, with the body

straight, the feet together, and the toes pointed.

HD 7.5.2 When the entry is short or over, twisted or the body not straight, the feet not

together, and the toes not pointed, each judge shall deduct according to his opinion.

HD 7.5.3 At the entry the arms shall be at the body below the navel. If one or both arms are

held above the shoulder line on entry, the highest award for such an entry is 4½ points,

notwithstanding that the Referee has not declared maximum 4½ points

68


HD 7.5.4 Other than as provided in Rules HD 7.5.3, when the arms are not in the correct

position each judge shall deduct from ½ to 2 points, according to his opinion.

HD 7.5.5 When a twist is greater or less than that announced by 90 degrees or more, the

judges shall award zero (0) points, notwithstanding that the Referee has not declared it to be

a failed dive.

HD 7.5.6 The dive is considered to have been completed, when the whole of the body is

completely under the surface of the water.

HD 8 SUMMARY OF THE PENALTIES

Referee to declare "Failed Dive"; 0 points

HD 5.12 If the diver takes more than one minute after a warning.

HD 5.15 If a diver has performed a dive of a number other than that announced.

HD 5.19 If the twist is more or less than 90° at the entry than that announced.

HD 5.22 If assistance has been given to the diver after the starting signal.

HD 5.25 When a third attempt (a re-start) is unsuccessful.

HD 5.26 If a diver refuses the execution of a dive.

Referee to declare "2 points deduction"

HD 5.23/HD 7.2.3 If there is a re-start in a standing, running, or armstand dive.

Referee to declare "4 points deduction"

HD 5.24 If there is a second re-start in a standing, running, or armstand dive.

Referee to declare "2 points maximum"

HD 5.13 If a diver performs a dive in a position other than that announced.

HD 5.18 If a diver is unsafely close to the platform or touches the platform with his head.

Referee to declare "4 ½ points maximum"

HD 5.14 If a dive is performed with a break of position during the flight.

HD 5.16 If the straight position in a dive with flying action is not shown for at least 90°.

HD 5.17 If a diver touches the platform with his feet or hands.

HD 5.20 If a diver held one or both arms above the shoulder at the entry.

Judges to award "0 points"

HD 7.1.8 If a dive of a different number was executed.

HD 7.5.5 If a twist is greater or less than that announced by 90° or more.

69


Judges to award "2 points maximum"

HD 7.1.4 If a dive is performed clearly in a position other than that announced.

HD 7.4.10 If a diver is unsafely close to the platform or touches the platform with his head.

Judges to award "4 ½ points maximum"

HD 7.1.5 If a dive is performed with a break of position during the flight.

HD 7.4.8 If in a flying dive, a straight position is not clearly shown for at least one quarter of a

somersault (90º).

HD 7.4.9 If a diver touches the platform with his feet or hands.

HD 7.5.3 If the arms are hold above the shoulder line at the entry.

Judges to deduct "from ½ to 2 points"

HD 7.1.7 If a dive is not performed in a position as described.

HD 7.2.2 If in an armstand dive, a stationary and steady balance in the straight vertical position

is not shown.

HD 7.3.3 If the take-off is not strong and in safe distance to the platform.

HD 7.3.4 If in a twist dive, the twisting is manifestly done from the platform.

HD 7.5.4 If the arms are not in the correct position at the entry.

Judges to deduct "from ½ to 3 points"

HD 7.1.6 If there is a break in the position at, or just before, the entry.

Judges to deduct "according to individual opinion"

HD 7.5.2 If the entry into the water is not vertical, or nearly so, or twisted with the body not

straight, the feet not together, and the toes not pointed.

BL 11 WORLD CUPS

BL 11.5 High Diving

BL 11.5.1 At the World Cup only dives prescribed by the FINA Rules for High Diving shall be

executed.

BL 11.5.2 The number of participants is decided by the Bureau and based upon proposals

from the Technical High Diving Committee. From a Member not more than three (3) male

divers and no more than four (4) female divers can be selected for fully expensed attendance

at the event. Additional divers from Members may participate at the Members expense.

BL 11.5.3 No more than three (3) male divers and no more than four female (4) divers in the

rankings after round three may progress to the final round from a Member.

70


BL 15 HIGH DIVING COMPETITION FORMAT

BL 15.1 The men’s and women’s competition is divided into two (2) sessions in a two (2) or

three (3) day programme as agreed between FINA and the OC.

BL 15.2 The competitions for men and women shall comprise four (4) dives. A dive of the

same number shall be regarded as the same dive.

BL 15.3 Women 20m Platform

BL 15.3.1 The Women’s competitions shall comprise four (4) dives. Two (2) dives with a limit

of (DD) 2.6 and from two different take off positions and two (2) optional dives without limit of

DD from two different groups.

BL 15.3.2 If the DD of the required dive is less than 2.6 the calculated DD following

appendixes HD1 and HD2 will be used. If a diver performs a dive above 2.6 they will only

receive 2.6.

BL 15.3.3 A diver may provide on the statement of dives two (2) reserve dives which may be

substituted five (5) minutes before commencement of the final round of dives subject to the

dive being compliant with the competition rules.

BL 15.4 Men 27m Platform

BL 15.4.1 The Men’s competitions shall comprise four (4) dives. One (1) required dives with

a maximum DD of 2.8, one (1) intermediate dive with a maximum DD of 3.6. These two dives

must be performed from different take off position and two (2) dives without limit of DD from

two different groups.

BL 15.4.2 If the DD of a required dive is less than 2.8 the calculated DD following appendixes

HD1 and HD2 will be used. If a diver performs a dive above 2.8 they will only receive 2.8.

BL 15.4.3 If a diver performs a dive from the same take off position or from the same group

the referee will declare it a fail dive.

BL 15.4.4 If the DD of the intermediate dive is less than 3.6 the calculated DD following

appendixes HD1 and HD2 will be used. If a diver performs a dive above 3.6 they will only

receive 3.6.

BL 15.4.5 A diver may provide on the statement of dives two (2) reserve dives, which may be

substituted five (5) minutes before commencement of the final round of dives subject to the

dive being compliant with the competition rules.

71


Appendix 3: HIGH DIVING AGE GROUP RULES

HDAG 1 FINA Rules of competition will apply in all age group competitions.

HDAG 2 Age Categories

All age group high divers remain qualified from the 1st of January to midnight of the following 31st

of December in the year of competition.

HDAG 3 High Diving Events

HDAG 3.1 Group A

HDAG 3.1.1 Age: 17, 18 or 19 years on December 31st of the year of the competition.

Note: The divers in age group A would not be restricted from diving in the senior events if

they are competent to do so.

HDAG 3.1.2 Competition Format

• Girls’ and Boys’ Platform 15 metre

This competition shall comprise five (5) different standing dives with a foot-first entry,

selected from at least four (4) different groups; three (3) required dives with a degree of

difficulty of maximum 2.7 and two (2) dives without limit of degree of difficulty. At least one

(1) dive must be selected from group 1 or 4, at least one (1) dive from group 2 or 3, and at

least one (1) twisting dive. At least one (1) dive must have a blind entry and at least one (1)

dive a Barani.

If the DD of a required dive is less than 2.7 the calculated DD following appendixes HD1

and HD2 will be used. If a diver performs a dive above 2.7 they will only receive 2.7.

HDAG 3.2 Group B

HDAG 3.2.1 Age: 15 or 16 years on December 31st of the year of the competition.

HDAG 3.2.2 Competition Format

• Girls’ and Boys’ Platform 10 / 12 metre

This competition shall comprise five (5) different standing dives with a foot-first entry,

selected from at least four (4) different groups; three (3) required dives with a degree of

difficulty of maximum 2.6 and two (2) dives without limit of degree of difficulty. At least one

(1) dive must be selected from group 1 or 4, at least one (1) dive from group 2 or 3, and at

least one (1) twisting dive. At least one (1) dive must have a blind entry and at least one (1)

dive a Barani.

If the DD of a required dive is less than 2.6 the calculated DD following appendixes HD1

and HD2 will be used. If a diver performs a dive above 2.6 they will only receive 2.6.

HDAG 4 General Rules for Junior High Diving World Championships

HDAG 4.1 Junior High Diving World Championships shall be conducted every two years in

Groups A and B.

72


HDAG 4.2 Each Federation is entitled to enter a maximum of three (3) divers in each event.

HDAG 4.3 Each diver shall only compete in his age group.

HDAG 4.4 Each diver shall perform a full list of dives as indicated in his age group.

HDAG 4.5 Each event shall be a preliminary and final competition, irrespective of the number of

entrants.

HDAG 4.5.1 The top twelve (12) divers from the preliminary competition will participate in

the final competition. The preliminary and final competition are separate events, each starting

from zero (0) points

HDAG 4.6 The program schedule shall be agreed by the Bureau upon recommendation

of the Technical High Diving Committee.

HDAG 4.7 Either five (5) or seven (7) judges shall officiate.

HDAG 4.8 The Championships shall be conducted in period of two (2) days.

73


Appendix 4: DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY FORMULA, COMPONENTS AND TABLES

FINA Degree of Difficulty Formula and Components – High Diving – 10-12 metres

A.

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2,6

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4,7

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IST

S

1/2

tw

13

57

1/2

tw

13

57

1/2

tw

13

57

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

E.

BA

CK

BL

IND

EN

TR

YF

.R

EV

ER

SE

BL

IND

EN

TR

YE

1.

BA

CK

AR

M.

BL

IND

EN

TR

Y

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

13

57

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

F.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

E.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

F1.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

13

57

1/2

ss

13

57

9

0,0

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,4

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

APO

SIT

ION

S V

AL

UE

S F

OR

AL

L G

RO

UP

S

1/2

ss

RE

VER

SE (

GR

OU

P 5

- 1

0)

1/2

ss

B

B F

lyin

g

BA

CK

(G

RO

UP

5 -

10

)

C F

lyin

g

B M

id-t

urn

C

1/2

ss

C M

id-t

urn

D E

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

REV

ERSE

(G

RO

UP

3 -

8)

BA

CK

(G

RO

UP

2 -

7)

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

FOR

WA

RD

(G

RO

UP

1 -

6)

INW

AR

D (

GR

OU

P 4

- 9

)

STA

ND

ING

DIV

ES

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

F1.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

HIG

H D

IVIN

G: 1

0-1

2 M

ETER

S

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

A1

+B

1+

C1

+D

1+

E1+

F1 =

DD

AR

MST

AN

D D

IVES

A+B

+C+

D+

E+F=

DD

FOR

WA

RD

(G

RO

UP

5 -

10

)

APPEN

DIX

1

FIN

A D

D F

orm

ula

and

Com

pone

nts

- A

ppen

dix

1 -

page

1

74


FINA Degree of Difficulty Formula and Components – High Diving – 15 metres

A.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

SA

.S

OM

ER

SA

ULT

SA

1.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

S

24

68

24

68

13

57

9

2,4

2,7

3,2

4,2

2,4

2,7

3,2

4,2

2,4

2,7

3,2

4,2

5,7

B.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B1.

AP

PR

OA

CH

24

68

24

68

13

57

9

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

0,0

0,1

0,3

0,5

0,7

ST

AN

D. 1

/2 s

s2

46

810

AR

M. 1

/2 s

s1

35

79

C.

TW

IST

SC

.T

WIS

TS

C1.

TW

IST

S0

,20

,2-

-0

,00

,00

,00

,00

,01

/2 t

w2

46

81

/2 t

w2

46

81

/2 t

w1

35

79

0,1

0,1

0,2

0,4

-1

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

10

,10

,20

,40

,71

0,0

0,1

0,3

0,5

0,7

--

0,1

0,3

0,5

2-3

-0

,50

,91

,42

-3-

0,6

1,0

1,5

2-3

-0

,60

,91

,4-

-0,1

-0,2

-0,2

-0,3

-0,5

4-5

-0

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4-5

-1

,11

,7-

4-5

-1

,2-

--

0,0

-0,1

-0,1

-0,2

-6-7

-1

,4-

-6

-7-

1,7

--

6-7

--

--

--

-0

,00

,00

,2-

2,0

--

--

--

--

--

-0

,00

,00

,00

,00

,00

,10

,10

,20

,4D

.B

LIN

D E

NT

RY

TW

IST

SD

.B

LIN

D E

NT

RY

TW

IST

SD

1.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

TW

IST

S

1/2

tw

02

46

81

/2 t

w0

24

68

1/2

tw

02

46

810

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

E.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

E.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

E1.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

13

57

9

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,6

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,7

0,1

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

A.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

SA

.S

OM

ER

SA

ULT

SA

1.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

SA

1.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

S

24

68

24

68

13

57

91

35

79

2,4

2,7

3,2

4,2

2,4

2,7

3,2

4,2

2,4

2,7

3,2

4,2

5,7

2,4

2,7

3,2

4,2

5,7

B.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B1.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B1.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

S

24

68

24

68

13

57

91

35

79

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,0

0,0

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,1

0,3

0,5

0,8

1,1

C.

TW

IST

SC

.T

WIS

TS

C1.

TW

IST

S

1/2

tw

24

68

1/2

tw

24

68

1/2

tw

13

57

9

1-2

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

1-2

0,1

0,3

0,4

0,6

1-2

0,1

0,2

0,4

0,6

-3-4

-0

,50

,8-

3-4

-0

,71

,1-

3-4

-0

,50

,9-

5-6

-0

,91

,4-

5-6

-1

,2-

-5

-6-

0,9

1,6

--

7-8

-1

,52

,1-

7-8

-1

,8-

-7

-8-

1,4

2,5

--

9-1

0-

--

-9-1

0-

--

-9-1

0-

--

--

D.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

TW

IST

SD

.B

LIN

D E

NT

RY

TW

IST

SD

1.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

TW

IST

S

1/2

tw

13

57

1/2

tw

13

57

1/2

tw

13

57

9

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

E.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

E.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

E1.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

13

57

9

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

F.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

F.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

24

68

1/2

ss

13

57

91/2

ss

13

57

9

0,0

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,0

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,6

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1/2

ss

F1.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

F1.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

B F

lyin

g

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

C M

id-t

urn

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

E

1/2

ss

BA

CK

(G

RO

UP

5 -

10

)R

EV

ERSE

(G

RO

UP

3 -

8)

BA

CK

(G

RO

UP

2 -

7)

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

A1

+B

1+

C1

+D1

+E1

+F1

=D

D

AR

MST

AN

D D

IVES

REV

ERSE

(G

RO

UP

5 -

10)

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

C F

lyin

g

INW

AR

D (

GR

OU

P 4

- 9

)

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

A C

B M

id-t

urn

FOR

WA

RD

(G

RO

UP

1 -

6)

D

A+

B+

C+D

+E+

F=D

D

STA

ND

ING

DIV

ES

FOR

WA

RD

(G

RO

UP

5 -

10)

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

HIG

H D

IVIN

G:

15

MET

ERS

PO

SIT

ION

S V

AL

UE

S F

OR

AL

L G

RO

UP

S

B1/2

ss

APPEN

DIX

1

FIN

A D

D F

orm

ula

and

Com

pone

nts

- A

ppen

dix

1 -

page

2

75



A.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

SA

.S

OM

ER

SA

UL

TS

A1.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

S

24

68

10

24

68

10

13

57

9

2,5

2,8

3,4

4,4

5,9

2,5

2,8

3,4

4,4

5,9

2,5

2,8

3,4

4,4

5,9

B.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B1.

AP

PR

OA

CH

24

68

10

24

68

10

13

57

9

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0,0

0,1

0,3

0,5

0,7

ST

AN

D. 1

/2 s

s2

46

810

AR

M. 1

/2 s

s1

35

79

C.

TW

IST

SC

.T

WIS

TS

C1.

TW

IST

S0

,20

,2-

-0

,00

,00

,00

,00

,01

/2 t

w2

46

810

1/2

tw

24

68

10

1/2

tw

13

57

90

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,10

,20

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10

,00

,00

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0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

10

,00

,00

,00

,00

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-0

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-30

,20

,30

,50

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0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

2-3

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,6

0,8

-0,1

-0,2

-0,2

-0,3

-0,5

4-5

0,5

0,7

1,1

1,5

1,9

4-5

0,5

0,9

1,3

1,7

2,1

4-5

0,5

0,7

0,9

1,3

1,7

0,0

-0,1

-0,1

-0,2

-6

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0,9

1,5

2,1

2,7

3,3

6-7

0,9

1,2

1,5

2,1

2,7

--

0,0

0,0

0,2

8-9

1,4

1,8

2,6

3,4

4,2

8-9

1,4

2,2

3,0

3,8

4,6

8-9

1,4

1,8

2,2

3,0

3,8

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,1

0,2

0,4

D.

BL

IND

EN

TR

Y T

WIS

TS

D.

BLIN

D E

NT

RY

TW

IST

SD

1.

BL

IND

EN

TR

Y T

WIS

TS

1/2

tw

02

46

810

1/2

tw

02

46

810

1/2

tw

02

46

810

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

E.

BL

IND

EN

TR

YE

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LIN

D E

NT

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BL

IND

EN

TR

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24

68

10

1/2

ss

24

68

10

1/2

ss

13

57

9

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,6

0,8

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,7

0,9

0,1

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

A.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

SA

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OM

ER

SA

UL

TS

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SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

SA

1.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

S

24

68

10

24

68

10

13

57

91

35

79

2,5

2,8

3,4

4,4

5,9

2,5

2,8

3,4

4,4

5,9

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2,8

3,4

4,4

5,9

2,5

2,8

3,4

4,4

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B.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B1.

AP

PR

OA

CH

B1.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

S

24

68

10

24

68

10

13

57

91

35

79

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

0,0

0,1

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,1

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

C.

TW

IST

SC

.T

WIS

TS

C1.

TW

IST

S

1/2

tw

24

68

10

1/2

tw

24

68

10

1/2

tw

13

57

9

1-2

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

1-2

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

1-2

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

3-4

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

3-4

0,3

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

3-4

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

5-6

0,5

0,7

1,1

1,5

1,9

5-6

0,7

0,9

1,3

1,7

2,1

5-6

0,5

0,7

1,1

1,5

1,9

7-8

0,9

1,3

1,9

2,5

3,1

7-8

1,2

1,6

2,2

2,8

3,4

7-8

0,9

1,2

1,8

2,4

3,0

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01

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TR

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D.

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D E

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1/2

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13

57

91

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w1

35

79

1/2

tw

13

57

9

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,0

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

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1/2

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24

68

10

1/2

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24

68

10

1/2

ss

13

57

9

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

F.

UN

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TU

RA

L E

NT

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F.

UN

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TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

1/2

ss

24

68

10

1/2

ss

24

68

10

1/2

ss

13

57

91

/2 s

s1

35

79

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,6

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,6

B M

id-t

urn

FOR

WA

RD

(G

RO

UP

1 -

6)

A+

B+

C+D

+E+

F=D

D

STA

ND

ING

DIV

ES

FOR

WA

RD

(G

RO

UP

5 -

10)

1/2

ss

C F

lyin

g

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IVIN

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MET

RES

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AR

D (

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OU

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- 9

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1/2

ss

1/2

ss

A

REV

ERSE

(G

RO

UP

3 -

8)

BA

CK

(G

RO

UP

2 -

7)

1/2

ss

A1

+B

1+

C1

+D

1+

E1+

F1=D

D

AR

MST

AN

D D

IVES

REV

ERSE

(G

RO

UP

5 -

10

)

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

D E

1/2

ss

BA

CK

(G

RO

UP

5 -

10)

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

F1.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

1/2

ss

F1.

UN

-NA

TU

RA

L E

NT

RY

C

1/2

ss

B

C M

id-t

urn

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

PO

SIT

ION

S V

AL

UE

S F

OR

AL

L G

RO

UP

S

B F

lyin

g

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

1/2

ss

APPEN

DIX

1

FIN

A D

D F

orm

ula

and

Com

pone

nts

- A

ppen

dix

1 -

page

3

76



A.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

SA

.S

OM

ER

SA

UL

TS

A1.

SO

ME

RS

AU

LT

S

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77


FINA Degree of Difficulty – High Diving Table Platform – 10-12 metres / 15 metres

78


79


FINA Degree of Difficulty – High Diving Table Platform – 20 metres / 27 metres

DD TABLE HIGH DIVING

Dive

NumberDive description A B C D E A B C D E

Group 1 - Forward102 Forward 1 Somersault 3,0 2,8 2,7 2,9 2,9 2,7 2,6 2,8 104 Forward 2 Somersaults 3,2 3,0 3,3 3,1 2,9 106 Forward 3 Somersaults 3,8 3,6 3,8 3,6

108 Forward 4 Somersaults 4,7 4,4 5,0 4,7 112 Forward Flying 1 Somersault 2,9 2,8 2,8 2,7

114 Forward Flying 2 Somersaults 3,3 3,1 3,2 3,0 116 Forward Flying 3 Somersaults 4,0 3,7 4,0 3,7 5121 Forward 1 Somersault 1/2 Twist 2,6 2,5 5141 Forward 2 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 2,9 2,7 3,0 2,8 2,6 2,9 5(1)141 Forward Flying 2 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 3,0 2,8 2,9 2,7

5161 Forward 3 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 3,4 3,2 3,6 3,4 3,2 5(1)161 Forward Flying 3 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 3,6 3,3 3,6 3,3 5161m Forward 3 Somersaults 1/2 Twist mid-turn 3,5 3,4 3,5 3,4 5181 Forward 4 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 4,1 3,8 4,5 4,4 4,1 5(1)181 Forward Flying 4 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 4,5 3,9

5181m Forward 4 Somersaults 1/2 Twist mid-turn 4,4 4,1 51(10)1 Forward 5 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 5,1 4,6 51(12)1 Forward 6 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 6,4 5,9

Group 2 - Back202 Back 1 Somersault 2,9 2,7 2,6 2,8 2,9 2,7 2,6 2,8

204 Back 2 Somersaults 3,3 3,1 2,9 3,2 3,4 3,2 3,0 3,3 206 Back 3 Somersaults 3,8 3,6 4,0 4,0 3,8 4,2 208 Back 4 Somersaults 4,6 4,3 5,0 5,2 4,9 20(10) Back 5 Somersaults 5,8 5,3 212 Back Flying 1 Somersault 2,8 2,7 2,8 2,7

214 Back Flying 2 Somersaults 3,2 3,0 3,3 3,1 216 Back Flying 3 Somersaults 4,0 3,7

Group 3 - Reverse302 Reverse 1 Somersault 2,9 2,7 2,6 2,8 2,9 2,7 2,6 2,8

304 Reverse 2 Somersaults 3,1 2,9 3,2 3,2 3,0 306 Reverse 3 Somersaults 3,9 3,7 4,1 3,9 308 Reverse 4 Somersaults 4,8 4,5 5,4 5,1 30(10) Reverse 5 Somersaults 6,1 5,6 312 Reverse Flying 1 Somersault 2,8 2,7 2,8 2,7

Group 4 - Inward402 Inward 1 Somersault 2,9 2,8 3,0 3,0 2,9

404 Inward 2 Somersaults 3,5 3,3 3,6 3,4 406 Inward 3 Somersaults 4,3 4,1 4,5 4,3 408 Inward 4 Somersaults 5,4 5,1 5,9 5,6 412 Inward Flying 1 Somersault 3,0 2,9 3,1 3,0 5421 Inward 1 Somersault 1/2 Twist 2,6 2,7

5441 Inward 2 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 3,1 2,9 3,2 3,0 5461 Inward 3 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 3,8 3,6 4,0 3,8 5481 Inward 4 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 4,7 4,4 5,2 4,9 54(10)1 Inward 5 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 5,9 5,4

Group 5 - Armstand611 Armstand Forward 1/2 Somersault 2,9 2,7 2,6 2,8 2,6 2,5613 Armstand Forward 2 1/2 SomersaultS 3,3 3,1 3,2 3,0615 Armstand Forward 1 1/2 SomersaultS 4,2 4,0 4,2 4,06131 Arm. Forward 1 1/2 Somersault 1/2 Twist 3,0 2,9

6151 Arm. Forward 2 1/2 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 3,7 3,5 3,7 3,56171 Arm. Forward 3 1/2 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 4,6 4,3621 Arm. Back 1/2 Somersault 2,8 2,6 2,5 2,8 2,6 2,5623 Arm. Back 1 1/2 Somersault 3,3 3,1 2,9 3,3 3,1 2,9625 Arm. Back 2 1/2 Somersaults 3,8 3,6 4,0 3,8

627 Arm. Back 3 1/2 Somersaults 4,8 4,5629 Arm. Back 4 1/2 Somersaults 6,1 5,6631 Arm. Reverse 1/2 Somersault 2,9 2,7 2,6 2,9 2,7 2,6

633 Arm. Reverse 1 1/2 Somersault 3,3 3,1 3,3 3,1635 Arm. Reverse 2 1/2 Somersaults 4,1 3,9 4,2 4,0637 Arm. Reverse 3 1/2 Somersaults 5,1 4,8 5,5 5,2

Group 6 - Forward Twists5142 Forward 2 Somersaults 1 Twist 3,5 3,4 5143 Forward 2 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 3,2 3,1

5144 Forward 2 Somersaults 2 Twists 4,0 3,9 5145 Forward 2 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twists 3,6 3,5 5146 Forward 2 Somersaults 3 Twists 4,6 4,5 5147 Forward 2 Somersaults 3 1/2 Twists 4,1 4,0 5149 Forward 2 Somersaults 4 1/2 Twists 4,7

5162 Forward 3 Somersaults 1 Twist 4,2 4,0 4,3 4,1 5163 Forward 3 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 3,8 3,6 3,9 3,7 5164 Forward 3 Somersaults 2 Twists 4,8 4,6 5,0 4,8

5165 Forward 3 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twists 4,3 4,1 4,5 4,3

5166 Forward 3 Somersaults 3 Twists 5,5 5,8 5167 Forward 3 Somersaults 3 1/2 Twists 4,9 5169 Forward 3 Somersaults 4 1/2 Twists 5,6 5182 Forward 4 Somersaults 1 Twist 5,3 5,0

5183 Forward 4 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 4,7 4,4 5185 Forward 4 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twists 5,4 5,1

2017 DD TABLE - 20 mts 2017 DD TABLE - 27 mts

APPENDIX 2

FINA Table of Degree of Dificulties - Platform - High Diving - Appendix 2 - page 3

Blind Entry

Flying dive

Un-natural entry

80


DD TABLE HIGH DIVING

Dive

NumberDive description A B C D E A B C D E

2017 DD TABLE - 20 mts 2017 DD TABLE - 27 mts

Group 7 - Back Twists5241 Back 2 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 3,4 3,4

5242 Back 2 Somersaults 1 Twist 3,1 3,1 5243 Back 2 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 3,7 3,7 5244 Back 2 Somersaults 2 Twists 3,4 3,4 5245 Back 2 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twists 4,2 4,2 5246 Back 2 Somersaults 3 Twists 3,8 3,8

5247 Back 2 Somersaults 3 1/2 Twists 4,8 5248 Back 2 Somersaults 4 Twists 4,3 4,4

524(10) Back 2 Somersaults 5 Twists 5,0 5261 Back 3 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 4,2 4,0 4,3 4,1 5262 Back 3 Somersaults 1 Twist 3,7 3,5 3,8 3,6 5263 Back 3 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 4,6 4,4 4,8 4,6 5264 Back 3 Somersaults 2 Twists 4,1 3,9 4,3 4,1

5265 Back 3 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twist 5,2 5,0 5266 Back 3 Somersaults 3 Twists 4,6 4,4 4,9 4,7

5267 Back 3 Somersaults 3 1/2 Twists 5,9

5268 Back 3 Somersaults 4 Twists 5,2 526(10) Back 3 Somersaults 5 Twists 6,0 5281 Back 4 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 5,2 4,9

5282 Back 4 Somersaults 1 Twist 4,5 4,2 4,9 4,6 5282m Back 4 Somersaults 1 Twist mid-turn 4,8 4,5 5283 Back 4 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 5,8 5,5 5284 Back 4 Somersaults 2 Twists 5,1 4,8

5286 Back 4 Somersaults 3 Twists 5,8 5,5 52(10)2 Back 5 Somersaults 1 Twist 5,6 5,1

Group 8 - Reverse Twists5341 Reverse 2 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 3,4 3,4

5342 Reverse 2 Somersaults 1 Twist 3,1 3,1 5343 Reverse 2 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 3,8 3,8 5344 Reverse 2 Somersaults 2 Twists 3,5 3,5 5345 Reverse 2 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twists 4,4 4,4

5346 Reverse 2 Somersaults 3 Twists 4,0 4,0 5347 Reverse 2 Somersaults 3 1/2 Twists 5,1 5348 Reverse 2 Somersaults 4 Twists 4,6

534(10) Reverse 2 Somersaults 5 Twists 5,4 5361 Reverse 3 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 4,3 4,1 4,4 4,2

5362 Reverse 3 Somersaults 1 Twist 3,8 3,6 3,9 3,7

5363 Reverse 3 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 4,9 4,7 5364 Reverse 3 Somersaults 2 Twists 4,4 4,2

5365 Reverse 3 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twists 5,7 5,5 5366 Reverse 3 Somersaults 3 Twists 5,1 4,9 5381 Reverse 4 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 5,4 5,1 5382 Reverse 4 Somersaults 1 Twist 4,7 4,4

Group 9 - Inward Twists5442 Inward 2 Somersaults 1 Twist 3,9

5443 Inward 2 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 3,5 3,6 5445 Inward 2 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twists 4,0 4,1

5447 Inward 2 Somersaults 3 1/2 Twists 4,6 5462 Inward 3 Somersaults 1 Twist 4,8 4,6 5463 Inward 3 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 4,3 4,1

Group 10 - Armstand twists6132 Arm. Forward 1 1/2 Somersault 1 Twist 3,6 3,5 6133 Arm. Forward 1 1/2 Somersault 1 1/2 Twist 3,3 3,2 6134 Arm. Forward 1 1/2 Somersault 2 Twists 4,1 4,0

6135 Arm. Forward 1 1/2 Somersault 2 1/2 Twists 3,7 3,6 6152 Arm. Forward 2 1/2 Somersaults 1 Twist 4,6 4,4 4,6 4,4 6153 Arm. Forward 2 1/2 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 4,1 3,9 4,1 3,9

6154 Arm. Forward 2 1/2 Somersaults 2 Twists 5,2 6155 Arm. Forward 2 1/2 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twists 4,6 6156 Arm. Forward 2 1/2 Somersaults 3 Twists 5,9

6157 Arm. Forward 2 1/2 Somersaults 3 1/2 Twists 5,2 6173 Arm. Forward 3 1/2 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 5,2 4,9 6231 Arm Back 1 1/2 Somersault 1/2 Twist 3,3 3,2 6232 Arm. Back 1 1/2 Somersault 1 Twist 3,0 2,9

6233 Arm Back 1 1/2 Somersault 1 1/2 Twist 3,7 3,5 6251 Arm Back 2 1/2 Somersault 1/2 Twist 4,1 3,9 4,2 4,0 6252 Arm. Back 2 1/2 Somersaults 1 Twist 3,6 3,4 3,7 3,5 6253 Arm Back 2 1/2 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 4,6 4,4 4,7 4,5

6254 Arm. Back 2 1/2 Somersaults 2 Twists 4,1 3,9 4,2 4,0 6255 Arm Back 2 1/2 Somersaults 2 1/2 Twists 5,3 6256 Arm. Back 2 1/2 Somersaults 3 Twists 4,7 4,8 6257 Arm Back 2 1/2 Somersaults 3 1/2 Twists 6,1 6258 Arm. Back 2 1/2 Somersaults 4 Twists 5,4 625(10) Arm. Back 2 1/2 Somersaults 5 Twists 6,2

6271 Arm Back 3 1/2 Somersaults 1/2 Twist 5,2 4,9 6272 Arm. Back 3 1/2 Somersaults 1 Twist 4,5 4,2 6273 Arm Back 3 1/2 Somersaults 1 1/2 Twist 5,9 5,6 6274 Arm. Back 3 1/2 Somersault 2 Twists 5,2 4,9

Blind Entry

Flying dive

Un-natural entry

APPENDIX 2

FINA Table of Degree of Dificulties - Platform - High Diving - Appendix 2 - page 4

81


Appendix 5: HIGH DIVING FACILITIES RULES (FR 14)

General requirements and definitions:

High Diving can be performed from artificial towers, platforms on existing buildings or platforms on

natural rocks (cliffs) into open water (sea, lake, river) or in temporary or permanent artificial pools.

Permanent artificial pools are preferable square, temporary artificial pools are normally round.

Dimensions in metres for all high diving facilities as detailed in High Diving Facilities Diagram, Annex

HD 1 and HD 2, shall be observed. The Annexes HD 1, HD 2, HD 3 and HD 4 are established by

the FINA Facilities Committee in cooperation with the FINA Technical High Diving Committee and

approved by the FINA Bureau.

In special surroundings the dimensions and requirements can be adjusted to the local situation upon

recommendation by the FINA Facilities Committee and the FINA THDC and approved by the FINA

Bureau.

Security: The dimensions of these facilities are only for the use of expert athletes and they are not

suitable for public use. It is required by the local organising committees and local authorities to

provide security guards and lockable structures or gates to prevent any unauthorised persons to

climb the diving towers.

FR 14.1 Platform High Diving

FR 14.1.1 Each platform shall be rigid and horizontal.

FR 14.1.2 The preferred thickness of the front edge of the platform shall not exceeding 0.16

metre and can be vertical or inclined at an angle not greater than 10° to the vertical inside the

plummet line.

FR 14.1.3 The platforms shall be covered with slip-resistant material that shall have a tread

pattern that provides sufficient traction in wet and dry conditions such that the divers are

prevented from slipping when performing dives in all directions.

FR 14.1.4 The back and sides of each platform shall be surrounded by handrails up to 1m

from the edge of the platform with a minimum clearance of 1.8 metres between vertical pairs.

The minimum height shall be 1.0 metre and they shall be with at least two horizontal crossbars

placed outside the platform beginning 1.00 metre from the front edge of the platform.

FR 14.1.5 Each platform shall be accessible by suitable slip-resistant stairs (not ladders) as

required by the country’s building regulations and or health and safety standards that are

applicable.

FR 14.1.6 It is preferable that a platform is not constructed directly under any other platform

however in circumstances where this cannot be avoided (example: artificial pools) then the

dimensions in High Diving Diagram, HD 2 must be observed.

FR 14.1.7 The platform shall be a concrete, steel or other rigid material construction as

approved by FINA. The longitude and latitude movement/oscillation allowance for the entire

27 metres high tower structure shall be 2.7 cm (1/1000 from 27m). The maximum wind speed

for the tower oscillation stability is 54km/hour (banners will affect the stability). The downward

flex at the diving end of the platform shall not exceed 2-3mm and approved by the local

authority of the area.

82


FR 14.2 General Requirements

FR 14.2.1 For High Diving platforms designed and constructed after 31st December 2017 the

minimum dimensions in metres for high diving facilities as detailed on the “High Diving

Facilities Diagram” (HD 1 and HD 2) shall prevail, using, as a basic measuring point of

reference, the plummet line, which is a vertical line extending through the centre of the front

edge of the platforms.

FR 14.2.2 The platforms shall face north in the northern hemisphere and south in the

southern hemisphere where possible.

FR 14.2.3 The water temperature should be not less than 18° Celsius in open water venues

and preferable not less than 26 degrees in venues with an artificial pool.

FR 14.2.4 A certificate of suitability for use of the venue shall be issued by the appropriate

local health and safety authorities. In general terms the certification must also relate to the

general water quality for human use.

FR 14.2.5 The surface agitation shall be done by a strong horizontal water spray and the

scuba divers must also provide additional splash when necessary. The water spray must not

be mounted higher than 1.50m above the water level. The water spray should be strong and

provide foamy white water for better visibility for the athletes. The spray or the foam must be

strong enough to cover the landing area.

FR 14.2.6 If the average wind speed exceeds 40km per hour then the Referee shall decide if

the competition can continue or must be interrupted until the average wind speed is below

40km.

A transportable air speed indicator must be available for use on the 20m and 27m platforms.

If lightning strikes are within 3km of the dive site then the training or the competition must be

suspended until the storm distance is greater than 3km.

If lighting is within 3km of the site then the competition is to be postponed until the lighting

subsides or moves away from the venue.

FR 14.3 Security and Emergency Rescue Requirements

FR 14.3.1 For all High Diving competitions and training from 20m or higher medical staff,

scuba teams and rescue equipment must be on duty and in position at the venue.

FR 14.3.2 The minimum medical staff shall consist of two (2) doctors, with knowledge in

trauma injuries, two to three (2-3) staffed ambulances on site and a designated hospital with

an Orthopaedic surgery unit on alert.

FR 14.3.3 The water safety team consists of two (2) apnoea safety swimmers, one or two (1-

2) reserve apnoea safety swimmers, one (1) scuba safety diver and one (1) water safety

captain. In venues with an artificial pool, the scuba safety diver is not required, unless specified

by the water safety captain.

83


FR 14.3.4 The rescue equipment comprises:

- 2 rescue boats (in natural surroundings)

- 2 spinal boards …

- 5 stiff neck collars

- 2 defibrillators

- 2 oxygen tanks

- Blankets

- General first aid kit

FR 14.4 Judges Seating

FR 14.4.1 The judges shall be placed side by side in two lines on one side of the platform

with the sunlight in the back or above the judges.

FR 14.4.2 No judge shall be seated behind the front edge of the platform.

FR 14.4.3 The judges shall be seated at a distance of approximately 35 metres from the

entry point for the 27m platform and approximately 30 metres for the 20m platform, but not

more than 40 metres for both women’s and men’s platform, and in a position elevated by

approximately three (3) metres above the water level. Special local circumstances may

influence the position of the judges.

FR 14.5 Electronic Officiating Equipment

FR 14.5.1 Electronic Officiating equipment records the judges awards for each diver and

determines the final score for each dive as required by Rule HD 6.

FR 14.5.2 Preferred Equipment must be able to:

FR 14.5.2.1 Record judges awards by whole and half points

FR 14.5.2.2 Be able to display all recorded and calculated information for each diver both

before and after each dive

FR 14.5.2.3 Be able to display the scores for all divers before and after each dive

FR 14.5.2.4 Be able to display the rank order and scores for all divers after each round

of dives

FR 14.5.2.5 The equipment must provide each judge with an electronic judging device

that will permit each judge to enter their award and to see their award on a window on the

device. After the referee has accepted the judges awards, all awards shall be displayed on

each electronic judging device

FR 14.5.2.6 Judges analysis is to be provided at the conclusion of each event or series

FR 14.5.2.7 The referee must be provided with a monitor on which he/she will be able to

view the awards of all the judges prior to the awards then being displayed on the score

board

FR 14.5.2.8 There is a requirement for a print out of the following information:

1. The draw for the diving order

2. A start list for each session or event

3. A ranking of dives at the end of each round

4. A ranking of dives at the end of each event

5. Judges awards and scores for each diver at the end of each session and event

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High Diving Diagrams – FR 14 – Annex HD 1

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85


High Diving Diagrams – FR 14 – Annex HD 2

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86


High Diving Diagrams – Temporary Round Pools – FR 14 – Annex HD 3

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87


High Diving Diagrams – Temporary Round Pools – FR 14 – Annex HD 4

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88


Appendix 6: FINA HIGH DIVING JUDGES PATHWAY – CERTIFICATION PROCESS

Article I. Introduction

The purpose of this document is to explain the process that all the Technical Officials, within a FINA

National Member Federation, may follow in order to become eligible to judge at FINA Events.

A key element in this process are the FINA Schools, a development programme that offers all the

officials around the world the opportunity to progress and to be acknowledged as certified officials.

The main goal of this programme is to promote sports growth by offering a continuous learning

pathway for active high diving judges, providing and setting the necessary competencies to become

a FINA Judge.

Every odd year, a FINA High Diving Certification School is organised in connection with the FINA

World Championships or the FINA High Diving World Cup, with the objective of establishing a

universal and standardised high diving judges training and certification system.

Through this programme all the participants have access to the same information, guidelines and

interpretation of the FINA Rules, increasing the number of certified judges and enhancing their

knowledge.

1. FINA Criteria for Judges

All judges must be able to meet the following criteria:

Education: they shall have a complete knowledge of the rules

Experience: they shall develop judging experience in competitions

Application: they shall demonstrate the practical application of the rules

Neutrality: they shall show no preference to any diver or nation

Consistency: they shall maintain a standard in judging

Behaviour: they shall at all times conduct themselves in a professional manner

2. List principles

A list of FINA High Diving Officials with certified judges is established annually by FINA.

Federations can delete their certified judges annually, after receiving the revised FINA High Diving

Officials List, no later than November 30 of each year.

If no reply is received by December 15, it shall be assumed that all judges appearing on the list are

approved for the upcoming year.

In special circumstances National Federations are entitled to delete certified judges during the year.

3. FINA High Diving Certification Schools for Judges

3.1 Overview

A FINA High Diving Certification School for Judges is organised every odd year in connection with

the FINA World Championships or the FINA High Diving World Cup.

The course is designed to prepare and certify highly qualified judges wishing to be on the FINA High

Diving Officials List, subject to meet the list criteria.

89


3.2 Course description and format

The FINA High Diving Certification Schools are held over a duration of three (3) days concluding

with a test. They are delivered in English by two lecturers appointed by the FINA Technical High

Diving Committee.

The instruction combines theoretical sessions and practical application of judging, being both parts

examined at the end of the course.

3.3 Course requirements

The Organiser must have a minimum of ten (10) and a maximum of thirty (30) participants attending

a FINA High Diving Certification School.

All participants attending a FINA School shall ensure that they comply with the below requirements:

Be registered through the FINA GMS as described in point 3.4

Be at least 18 years old on December 31 of the year of the school

Demonstrate a minimum level of spoken and written skills in English

Fully participate in the course and complete all required assessments

Agree to abide by the FINA Code of Ethics

It is strongly recommended that candidates have independent appropriate insurance coverage before undertaking any independent officials practice to cover any unusual circumstances such as travel and health

3.4 Registration

All participants attending a FINA High Diving Certification School must be nominated by their

National Federations through the FINA GMS by the registration deadline.

Only fully submitted registrations will be considered for approval

Please note that only approved participants may attend a FINA School

The approvals will be done on a first come first serve basis

The registration for the school will be closed by the registration deadline or once the maximum number of 30 participants has been reached

3.5 Assessment

To receive certification, a judge must attend a FINA High Diving Certification School and pass the

theoretical test and the practical assessment.

IMPORTANT NOTE: A candidate must obtain a minimum score of 85% in order to pass a FINA

High Diving Certification School. FINA certification is valid for three (3) years.

For the written exam, interpreters, use of online resources, electronic watches and cell phones are

not permitted. Disciplinary actions will be taken against those who act in a dishonest way or for any

misconduct.

Candidates who have successfully completed the assessment will receive a Certification School

Diploma.

90


3.6 Recertification

For recertification (three years), a certified judge must do one of the following:

Attend a FINA High Diving Certification School for Judges and pass the test with a minimum score of 85% and be assessed with a minimum of 85% every three (3) years. At each FINA High Diving Certification School, the nationality of the officials will be verified by the lecturers Office (see GR 2.5 and BL 9.1).

Be evaluated within a period of three years at three (3) different competitions held at three (3) different places with at least a 90% rating and recommended by the FINA THDC for a recertification for three years.

Be selected for the FINA High Diving Seminar Programme, as high diving judge for the FINA World Championships and/or the FINA High Diving World Cup and recommended by the FINA THDC for a recertification for three years. The FINA THDC will only consider those judges who achieve a minimum of 90% agreement with observation.

IMPORTANT NOTE: In addition, each certified judge must take the Online Officials exam each

year.

3.7 Qualification framework

3.7.1 Content

The curriculum will be based on the FINA High Diving Officials Manual 2018-2021 and the FINA

Handbook – Edition 2017:

Judge’s Responsibilities

High Diving: Analogy and Difference to Diving

Fundamentals: High Diving Competitions and Competition Format

High Diving Number Designation: Degree of Difficulty

Statement of Dives: Competition Procedure

Elements of the Dive: Approach and Take-Off – Flight – Entry

The Dive: Approach and Take-Off

The Dive: The Flight

The Dive: The Entry

Rules: Interpretation & Application

Using the Point Scale

3.7.2 Competencies to be achieved at the end of the school are:

Participants will fully be versed with the FINA High Diving Rules (FINA High Diving Officials Manual 2018-2021 and FINA Handbook – Edition 2017)

Participants will demonstrate a high level of understanding of the rules and the application of the rules to judge at an international level of competency.

91


4. Evaluation of certified judges

All certified judges shall be evaluated into one of the following categories:

95 – 100% = very good

90 – 94% = good

85 – 89% = satisfactory

80 – 84% = deficient

79% and under = unsatisfactory

4.1.1 Numerical

Comparison of the awards given by the judge and the opinion of the observer and classified as

follows:

Less than 5% difference between the observer and the judge = very good

Between 6 - 10% difference between the observer and the judge = good

Between 11 - 15% difference between the observer and the judge = satisfactory

Between 16 - 20% difference between the observer and the judge = deficient

More than 21% difference between the observer and the judge = unsatisfactory

4.1.2 Behaviour

While judging the contest, the judge must at all times reflect appropriate international behaviour

which includes:

To wear the appropriate dress code

To report for duty on schedule and attend the meetings called by the referee

To be alert at all times

Not to communicate with the other judges and coaches during the event

Not to coach the diver from the chair

To be prompt in the response to the referee for scores

To concentrate on the event and the field of play

4.1.3 Neutrality

Does not show bias towards or against certain divers or Federations.

4.1.4 Knowledge of the Rules and additional Diving Education

Ability to understand and apply the rules during the competition

4.2 Evaluation procedure

The following high diving events are the main venues for observation by THDC Members or

nominated experts:

FINA World Championships – High Diving

FINA High Diving World Cups

Selected Red Bull Cliff Diving Series Events

Continental High Diving Championships

Special Invitation of THDC Observer to National or Regional Championships

After each competition, an observation report shall be sent to the FINA THDC Sub-Committee

Judges.

92


Appendix 7: CASE STUDIES

Case Study 1

HD 5.20

The Dive:

Performing a dive, the diver had his arms not in the correct position as described. In the last moment

he raised his arms and they are somewhere on shoulder height.

Action Taken:

The Referee is uncertain if the arms were below, on the height of or above the shoulder and let the

judges score the dive.

THDC Recommendation:

If the Referee is absolutely sure that the arms are above the shoulder at the entry, he must declare

a maximum of 4.5 for this dive.

If there is a doubt the Referee shall use a video replay (if available) and decide after.

If no video replay is available, the Referee shall ask the judges for the awards. It is obvious that 14

eyes see more than only 2 eyes.

Case Study 2

HD 5.16

The Dive:

In a forward flying 3 somersaults ½ twist - 5(1)161 C – the flying action was shown approximately

90° (may be a little bit less). In addition, the entry was a little bit short. The Referee ask the judges

for the awards. Four (4) judges scores between 3 and 4, two (2) judges scores 4.5 and one (1) judge

scores 5.5.

Action Taken:

The Referee declares that the 5.5 should count as 4.5 and asked at the debriefing the two judges

which scored 4.5, to judge the dive lower in future. The Referees argument: If a max. 4.5 award is

possible, the judges should use the range between 0.5 and 4.5 points. And a dive with a short entry

cannot receive 4.5 (= excellent).

TDC Recommendation:

The Referees action is 100% correct – but only if he declared after the dive, that the maximum for

that dive is 4.5.

In the described case he did not declare a 4.5 max. and all the scores must be accepted.

Notes:

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Useful Weblinks:

FINA Website: www.fina.org

High Diving Discipline Page: http://fina.org/discipline/high-diving

FINA Rules: http://fina.org/content/fina-rules

FINA Results Database: http://fina.org/latest-results

FINA Officials Lists: http://fina.org/content/fina-officials-lists

FINA Development Page: http://fina.org/development

FINA Learning Page: https://learning.fina.org/

FINA Manuals & Guides: http://fina.org/content/development-publications

FINA GMS: http://fina.org/content/gms-general-management-system

FINA App: http://fina.org/content/fina-application

http://www.fina.org/

http://fina.org/discipline/high-diving

http://fina.org/content/fina-rules

http://fina.org/latest-results

http://fina.org/content/fina-officials-lists

http://fina.org/development

https://learning.fina.org/

http://fina.org/content/development-publications

http://fina.org/content/gms-general-management-system

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FINA HIGH DIVING MANUAL · 10/14/2019 · High Diving is performed from a cliff or artificial...

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Transcript of FINA HIGH DIVING MANUAL · 10/14/2019 · High Diving is performed from a cliff or artificial...