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For more information on the EU budget and nancial programmingEU budget:http://ec.europa.eu/budget/index.htm(available in English, French and German)European Commission Directorate-General for the Budget:http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/budget/index_en.htmAlgirdas emeta, Commissionner for Financial Programming and Budget:http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/semeta/index_en.htm

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2008: Faci g ur ulim s a d pr pari g rh u ur

Continuity in e iCient budget managementA er the smooth launch o the 200713 nancial ramework, the 2008 budget o-cused on solid programme implementation and the areas o growth and jobs, withcommitments on sustainable growth rising rom EUR 53.7 billion to EUR 57.9 bil-lion. For the second year in a row, spending on competitiveness and cohesion out-stripped expenditure on agriculture and rural development (the heading or preserva-tion and management o natural resources), which amounted to EUR 56.3 billion.Active budget management also continued, with Member States only making pay-ments into the EU budget or what was strictly necessary and with only roughly 1.5 %o the budget end-o -year surplus (see Section 3) being redistributed to nationalco ers.

dealing with the ConsequenCes o war, ood priCe hikesand an eConomiC Crisis

Whilst the 2008 budget ollowed the roadmap set out in the nancial ramework, aseries o crises also called or the EUs intervention and budgetary support during theyear.

Active on the diplomatic ront to halt the ghting during the war in Georgia, the EUintervened nancially through the provision o humanitarian aid, peace monitors and

a reconstruction aid package. In total, this aid amounted to EUR 168.8 million.In response to the dramatic rise in ood prices in developing countries, the EU alsoacted decisively by agreeing on a EUR 1 billion ood aid acility or 200810 to helpdeveloping countries access goods and services necessary to increase ood produc-tion. Tis included seeds and ertilisers to address the basic ood needs o the most vulnerable populations.

Te second hal o the year was marked by the severe economic situation and thecoordinated e orts at European level to counter its e ects through the European


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economic recovery plan. In November, the Commission proposed EUR 14.4 billionrom the EU budget in 2009 and 2010, made up rom an additional EUR 5 billion

o unding to go to developing energy interconnections and broadband; EUR 6.3 bil-lion was made up rom accelerated Social and Cohesion Fund payments;EUR 2.1 billion in total redeployment rom existing budgets or green cars, energy payments or trans-European transport networks; and EUR 0.5 billion or variousother projects. At the time o publication o this report, steady progress has beenachieved on the implementation o these measures. Te European Council and theEuropean Parliament have agreed on the 200910 EUR 5 billion initiative or en-ergy projects and broadband connections or rural communities, which will alsocover unding to meet challenges in the common agricultural policy as part o theongoing health check.

debating the uture o the eu budgetTe ambitious public debate launched by the Commission in September 2007 onthe uture priorities o the budget attracted massive interest rom stakeholders rightacross the continent. Almost 300 contributions were received rom a broad range o civil society organisations, governments and citizens. Te clear message was a de-sire or change and an overhaul o the budget, both in terms o Europes challenges,with climate change, economic competitiveness and energy supply security toppingthe list, and in terms o nancing where the emphasis was on simpli cation as wellas a move away rom the notion o budgetary corrections which only bene t a smallgroup o Member States. Te debate also ocused on the need or a simpli cation o the budget implementation mechanisms as well as increased responsibility orMember States (who manage over 80 % o the EU budget) and greater transparency on the EU und bene ciaries.

A closing con erence presenting the results o the consultation and chaired by President Barroso brought together more than 500 participants rom all overEurope to discuss the re orm o EU nancing and spending. Te con erence pro-ceedings can be ound at the ollowing address: http://ec.europa.eu/budget/re orm/con erence/documents_en.htm

more transparenCy on the use o eu undsIn line with the 2006 introduction o legal obligations concerning the publicationo bene ciaries o EU unds in the nancial regulation, 2008 saw the European

ransparency Initiative bear its rst important ruits. In October 2008, the Com-mission launched the online Financial ransparency System (F S) a web-basedsearch engine allowing the public to nd out who the recipients o EUR 10 billiono EU aid are (see box). A similar website was also launched with in ormation onthe recipients o EU external aid managed by the Commission (it will subsequently be integrated into F S). In parallel, portals were launched on aid managed underthe common agricultural policy, with links to national websites, the European Fish-eries Fund and the Structural Funds. aken together, these websites provide clearinsight into the bene ciaries o EU aid across the broadest possible spectrum o policies. Te Commission hopes that this will stimulate a long-term, constructivedebate on the use o EU unds.

Clean bill o health on eu aCCounts by auditorsTe European Court o Auditors annual report delivered promising news in 2008.It con rmed the positive trend in the management o payments, showing that themajority o payments checked were correct, with most policy areas only a ected by less than 5 % o errors and, in certain areas, such as direct aid to armers and ad-ministrative expenditure, less than 2 %. Errors were still too requent in certainareas, particularly where grants have been managed by national authorities, such as

or cohesion policy.

Acknowledging the results o the Commissions sustained e orts to modernise itsaccounting systems, the European Court o Auditors li ed its last remaining re-serves on the EU accounts. Te Commission is currently one o the ew public ad-ministrations worldwide that operates ull accrual accounts, giving it a comprehen-sive overview o its current and uture assets and liabilities. ogether with FEE, the
http://ec.europa.eu/budget/reform/http://ec.europa.eu/budget/reform/http://ec.europa.eu/budget/reform/


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SECTIONS


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13

Te 2008 EU budget increased by 8 % compared with 2007, reaching EUR 130.9 billion in executed commitment appro-priations (CAs). Compared with 2007, the budget share among the six headings o the multiannual nancial ramework (MAFF) 200713 has developed and sustainable growth maintained its top position with EUR 57.9 billion keeping instep with the EUs strategy or jobs and growth. Preservation and management o natural resources with EUR 56.7 bil-lion showed a shi o unds within the common agricultural policy rom direct aid (the rst pillar) to rural development(the second pillar see second chart). Tis con rms the steady trend towards a market-oriented and a more sustainableEuropean agriculture. Citizenship, reedom, security and justice received EUR 1.5 billion and Te European Union as aglobal player, with 7.3 billion, provided unds or security, oreign policy, health, education and culture policies in Europeand beyond, increasing by 0.1 and 0.3 percentage points. Administration with EUR 7.2 billion and Compensations withEUR 0.2 billion saw a decrease o 0.1 and 0.2 percentage points respectively on 2007. Tis second year o the MAFFcon rmed the EUs e orts and commitment to prosper in a constantly evolving economy.

e p di urSeCtIon I1.1. e p di ur y h adi g

(commitment appropriations in EUR million)

1.1. e p di ur yh adi g

SeCtIon I

1. Sustainable growth:57 919.1; 44.2 %

2. Preservation andmanagement

of natural resources:56 767.9;

43.3 %

4. The European Union as a global player:7 352.9; 5.6 %

6. Compensation:206.6; 0.2 %

5. Administration:7 215.7;5.5 %

3. Citizenship, freedom, security and justice:1 521.4; 1.2 %

2008 budget exeCution Con irms eu priorities

EUR 130.9 billion

eu budget 2008


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0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

2008

5 3

7 2 3 5

7 9

1 9

4 1

8 6 4

1 2

0 6

9 4

9 3

4 0

4 8 9

1 3

6 7

1 5

2 1

6 4

7 8

7 3

5 3

6 7

3 5

7 2

1 6

4 4 5

2 0 7

1 4 6 3 2

HD1 HD2 HD3 HD4 HD5 HD6

2007

CAP 2nd pillar 2008CAP 1st pillar 2008

CAP 2nd pillar 2007CAP 1st pillar 2007

1 6

4 7

methodology

Tis section o the report is structured according to the headings o the multiannual nancial ramework (see An-nex 1) and, within each, presents the major expenditure programmes.

Te introductory pie charts or each heading give a comprehensive picture o the programmes. Due to space limits,only some o the programmes have been described in urther detail.

Financial in ormation illustrating the whole budget and the breakdown within each heading relies on commitmentappropriations linked to voted credits and carry-overs executed during the nancial year 2008, and there ore excludesearmarked revenue (see glossary).

At an even deeper detail level, in ormation on outputs and related expenditure within each programme has beenadded. Tis in ormation is indicative and usually does not include administrative expenditure, which means that thetotals do not necessarily correspond to the overall gure given or the programme elsewhere in the report. In thecases where the source is the activity statements published in the preliminary dra budget 2010, earmarked revenueis included since there is no way to exclude it.

eu budget variation 200708 by heading (hd)

(commitment appropriations in EUR million)


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1a. CoMPetItIVeneSS FoR GRoWtH AnD eMPLoYMent

Competitiveness is the key objective o the renewed Lisbonstrategy on growth and jobs. Te main expenditure area isresearch and development (R & D), ollowed by the trans-European networks programme ( ENs), li elong learning, andcompetitiveness and innovation (CIP).

Heading 1: Sustainable growth

R s arch a d i va i rw j s a d a r u ur


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Decommissioning: 22.6; 0.2 %

Trans-European networksprogramme: 991.6; 9.4 %

Galileo: 909.1; 8.6 %

Marco Polo: 39.1, 0.4 %

Lifelong learning:996.4; 9.4 %

Competitiveness and innovationframework programme:414.3; 3.9 %

Other actions and programmes: 331.8; 3.1 % Decentralised agencies: 252.6; 2.4 %

Seventh research frameworkprogramme: 6 083.3; 57.6 %

Social policy agenda: 157.4; 1.5 %

Customs 2013 and Fiscalis 2013: 63.5; 0.6 % Nuclear decommissioning: 248; 2.3 %

European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: 49; 0.5 %

Te European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF)supports workers who lose their jobs as a result o changing global trade patterns so that they can nd an-other job as quickly as possible. Te InterinstitutionalAgreement o 17 May 2006 allows or the mobilisation

o the EGF through a fexibility mechanism, within theannual ceiling o EUR 500 million over and above theceiling o the nancial ramework. In 2008, it was mobi-lised to help workers in Italy, Spain, Lithuania, Portugaland Malta.

Te Flexibility Instrument with an annual ceiling o EUR 200 million is intended to allow nancing, or agiven nancial year and up to the amount indicated, o clearly identi ed expenditure which could not be -nanced within the limits o the ceilings available or one

or more other headings. In HD1a, it contributed to thenancing o Galileo (see below).

0

2 000

4 000

6 000

8 000

10 000

12 000

14 000

16 000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Ceilings Flexibility instrument EGF

8 9

1 8

8 8

0 3

1 0

3 8 6

1 0

3 1 0

2 0 0

1 3

2 7 2

1 3 2 6 8

1 2

3 8 8

1 2

9 8 7

1 4

2 0 3

1 5

4 3 3

5 0 0

e x e c u t e

d b

u d g e t

e x e c u t e

d b

u d g e t

v o t e

d b

u d

g e t

4 9

exeCuted Commitment appropriations (Ca ): eur 10.5 billion (+ 19.7 % on 2007)

COMMITMENTS IN EUR MILLION

inanCial ramework 200713

c o m m i t m e n t a p p r o p r i a t i o n s i n E U R m i l l i o n


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Heading 1: Sustainable growth R s arch a d i va i r w j s a d a r u ur

Te ramework programme or research and technologicaldevelopment inaugurated its seventh edition (FP7) in 2007.Tis is the European Unions chie instrument or undingresearch over the period 200713. It bundles allresearch-related EU initiatives together under a commonroo playing a crucial role in reaching the goals o growth,competitiveness and employment. Its our speci c goalsare to:

gain leadership in key scienti c and technology areas; stimulate the creativity and excellence of European

research; develop and strengthen the human potential of

European research; enhance research and innovation capacity throughout

Europe.

Over 2 500 grants were awarded and over 1 400 services and products were delivered in 2008 in thefollowing areas:

health and medicine, food agriculture and sheries, nano-sciences and technologies, environment (including climate change), transport (including air transport), socioeconomic sciences and humanities, worldwide exchange of researchers, research infrastructures, SMEs, regional research development, science in society (including ethics and gender equality

in science), nuclear research and information, communication technologies.

ramework programme or researCh and teChnologiCal development

Te development o an advanced knowledge society is instrumental to sustainable economic growth, more and better jobs and greater social cohesion. Te li elong learning (LLL) programme encompasses our actions on school education(Comenius), higher education (Erasmus), vocational training (Leonardo da Vinci) and adult education (Grundtvig),o ering opportunities or learners, teachers and trainers to study or teach in another Member State.

European Institute of Technology Mobility Fostering the EU LLL area Education and training modernisation Worldwide partnerships

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Erasmus Mundus

Jean Monnet programme

The transversalprogramme

Gruntvig

(2 430 mobility grants)Leonardo da Vinci

(70 776 mobility grants)

Erasmus(206 000 mobility grants)

Comenius(14 900 mobility grants)

Building the basis for theEuropean Institute

of Technology

Multilingualism

EUR million

93.5

21.9

12.7 22 .8 17.9

19.3

15.1

417.6 21.9

232.4

133.9

2.0

12.7

24.8

li elong learning

Data source: Preliminary dra t general budget 2010


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19

1a. CoMPetItIVeneSS FoR GRoWtH AnD eMPLoMent

Heading 1: Sustainable growth R s arch a d i va i r w j s a d a r u ur

Te trans-European networks programme ( EN) supports the linking o regions and national transport and energy networks through modern and e cient in rastructure. Te idea o trans-European networks ( ENs in the EU jargon)emerged by the end o the 1980s in conjunction with the proposed single market. It made little sense to talk o a bigmarket, with reedom o movement within it or goods, persons and services, unless the various regions and nationalnetworks making up that market were properly linked by modern and e cient in rastructure.

Te construction o trans-European networks is also an important element or economic growth and the creation o employment.

In 2008: adoption of the TEN-T map 2008 (maps or

axes are projects within the transport policy) whichallocates 100 % of its funds to sustainable transportactivities. e annual programme concentrates 60 % of its funding on the development of transport infrastructurethat may provide an alternative to pure road trans-portation.

In 2008, 44 projects were scheduled and nalised in theelds of electricity and gas.Four priority transport projects started in the Netherlands,Ireland, the UK, Italy, Denmark and Sweden and a further

four accessed the study phase. e 2008 map call for

priority project 21, Motorways of the sea, was completedand some motorways of the sea became operational.

In 2008, the ITS action plan and legislative proposal wereadopted to decrease congestion and road accidents andgive better travel information. e SESAR (Single Europeansky Air traffi c management research) master plan wasadopted. is has been designed to triple the capacity of the existing air traffi c management system, reduce costs by 50 %, increase safety by a factor of 10 and reduce theenvironmental impact per ight by 10 %.

the trans-european networks programme

Te largest expenditure areas o the competitiveness andinnovation ramework programme (CIP) are representedby: the entrepreneurship and innovation programme(EIP), supporting innovative enterprises through theEuropean Investment Bank (EIB); the Intelligent energy Europe (IEE) programme, which nances actions relatedto energy e ciency, renewable energy resources, diver-si cation o uels and energy e ciency in transport; andthe in ormation and communication technology (IC )policy support programme.

Entrepreneurship andinnovation programme:272.6; 70 %

'Intelligent energyEurope' programme:67.6; 17 %

Information and communicationtechnologies policy supportprogramme:51.0; 13 %

Competitiveness and innovation ramework programme

One o the main pillars o European transport policy isstimulating technological innovation. European space policy is introducing the notion o satellite navigation with a viewto optimising tra c management, whether road, waterborneor aerial. Better managing tra c not only engenders sa ety but ensures a reduction in pollution since journeys andtra c are streamlined. Satellite navigation enables emergency services to better carry out their unctions (e.g. in res, roadaccidents and mountain rescue).

Galileo is Europes initiative or a state-o -the-art globalnavigation satellite system, providing a highly accurate,guaranteed global positioning service under civiliancontrol. While providing autonomous navigation andpositioning services, Galileo will at the same time beinteroperable with GPS and Glonass, the two other globalsatellite navigation systems.

galileo

In April 2008, the experimental satellite GIOVE-B was launched. Following the activation of GIOVE-A in 2005,this is the second preparatory measure aimed at establishing a constellation of 30 operational GPS satellites by 2013.

CIP Share by policy in EUR million


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1 . CoHeSIon FoR GRoWtH AnD eMPLoYMent

Cohesion policy aims at strengthening economic, social andterritorial cohesion by reducing disparities in the level o development among regions and Member States. Tis meansinvesting in regions potential to promote competitiveness andimprove convergence to the best standard.

Heading 1: Sustainable growth

S imula i g gr w h p iali h l as d v l p d r gi s


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Convergence objective:29 221.5;61.7 %

Technical assistance:74.8; 0.2 %

Cohesion Fund:8 154.7;17.2 %

Regional competitivenessand employment objective:

8 594.3;18.1 %

European territorialcooperation objective:

1 315.1; 2.8 %

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

4 4 %

b i l l i o n

E U R

5 6 % 5

3 %

4 7 % 5 0

%

5 0 %

EU-15

EU-12

2009Voted budget

2008Executed budget

2007Executed budget

EU-15 means the EU as constituted in 1995 (see glossary).EU-12 has here a di erent meaning rom the EU-12 as illustrated in the glossary and as generally presented in the

report. It means here the 12 countries that joined the EU in 2004 (CZ, EE, CY, LV, L , HU, M , PL, SI, SK)and in 2007 (RO, BG).

exeCuted Commitment appropriations (Ca ): eur 47 360.4 billion (+ 5.5 % on 2007)

COMMITMENTS IN EUR MILLION

phasing-in o Cohesion and struCtural unds

BOOSTING INTEGRATION OF EU-12 INTO COHESION POLICY


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Heading 1: Sustainable growth Stimulating growth potential inthe least developed regions

1. ConvergenCe objeCtiveTis is the priority objective replacing Objective 1 o the period 200006, with CAs representing 61.7 % o total cohesionexpenditure in 2008. It invests in long-term competitiveness, job creation and sustainable development in the less-developedregions and Member States. In the period 200713, 70.5 % o the resources available or this objective is allocated to re-gions with a GDP per capita o less than 75 % o the EU-25 GDP and around 5 % is allocated to transitional support toregions that lost eligibility due to the statistical e ect o enlargement. Te remaining 24.5 % o the available resources isallocated via the Cohesion Fund (see below) to Member States whose GNI per capita is less than 90 % o the EU-25 aver-age. Eligibility criteria are: population (structure, density, etc.), regional and national prosperity, sur ace area and unem-ployment rates.

2. regional Competitiveness and employment objeCtiveTis objective unds regions not covered by the convergence objective and aims at strengthening regions competitivenessand attractiveness, as well as employment. In 2008, 18.1 % o CAs o overall cohesion expenditure were dedicated to thisobjective. In the period 200713, 79 % o the unding is allocated among Member States according to the eligible popula-tion, regional prosperity, (un)employment, and population density o the regions covered. Te remaining 21 % is allo-cated as transitional support to regions that were eligible or Objective 1 support in the period 200006 but whose GDPper capita increased above 75 % o the average GDP o the EU-15. Te latter regions lost eligibility under the convergenceobjective due to growth.

3. european territorial Cooperation objeCtiveTis objective promotes cooperation at cross-border, transnational and interregional levels. It represented 2.8 % (CAs) o total cohesion expenditure in 2008. It also unds peace and reconciliation actions in Northern Ireland.

Convergence ERDF (EUR 22 billion) ESF (EUR 7 billion) Cohesion Fund (EUR 8 billion)

Regional competitiveness andemployment ERDF (EUR 4.9 billion) ESF (EUR 3.6 billion)

European territorial cooperation ( 1) ERDF (EUR 1.1 billion)

other undsTe European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) co-nances in rastructure, productive investment, and

regional and local development. Te European SocialFund (ESF) supports employment opportunities by

ocusing on mobility o workers and their adaptation toindustrial changes.

Cohesion undMember States whose GNI per capita is less than 90 %o the average GNI o the EU-25 are eligible or unding

rom the Cohesion Fund, which is part o the convergence objective in the new programming period200713. It nances trans-European transport networks,notably priority projects o European interest, othertransport activities and environmental activities.

Cohesion poliCy: objeCtives and unds

Tis heading is structured around three main objectives and supported by three funds.

(1) An additional contribution rom the IPA (see HD4) o EUR 136 million is not part o the ERDF.


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Heading 1: Sustainable growth Stimulating growth potential inthe least developed regions

1 . CoHeSIon FoR GRoWtH AnD eMPLoYMent

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 30 000 300 000 600 000 10 000 000 12 000 000

Gross direct jobs created (full-time equivalents)

'Regional competitiveness and employment' regions

RTD (*) number of projects

RTD (*) number of cooperationprojects enterprises/research institutions

Direct investment aid to SMEs investment induced in EUR million

Transport kilometres of new roads

Transport kilometres of TEN roadsTransport kilometres of new railway

Transport kilometres of TEN railwayRenewable energy number of projects

Environment additional population servedby water projects

Environment additional population servedby waste water

521 3069 255

21 590

18 4935 902

16 228

929 805

4 4701 726

1 360

12 494

7 056

5 548

596

'Convergence' regions

29 214

9 554 123

11 027 564

301 334

EU average Regional competitiveness and employment (RCE) regions

Convergence (CONV) regions

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.80.7

Employment rate(2007 data)

Unemployment rate(2007 data)

Gross expenditureof GDP on R & D

(CONV = 2005 data,RCE = 2006 data)

Lisbon target

70 %

68.6 %

59.3 %

6.2 %

9.2 %7.2 %

3.0 %

2.0 %

0.9 %

ConvergenCe regions lagging behind in key indiCators

Core indiCator targets seleCted per objeCtive - 200713

Data source: Directorate-General or Regional Policy

Data source: Final Report to the European Commission, Directorate-General or Regional Policy, No 2007.CE.16.0.AT.041

(*) Research and technological development


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exeCuted Commitment appropriations (Ca ): eur 56 767.9 million (+ 8.0 % on 2007)

Rural development: 14 631.7; 25.77 %

Agriculture (direct payments and market management): 40 488.7; 71.32 %

European Fisheries Fund: 609.4;1.07 %

Life+: 260.7;0.46 %

Animal and plant health: 407.8;0.72 %

Fisheries governance andinternational agreements: 260.6;0.46 %

Fisheries market: 52.5; 0.09 %

Decentralised agencies: 39.0; 0.07 %Other actions and programmes: 17.6; 0.03 %

Commitments in eur million

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Ceilings Executed budget Voted budget

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

5 5

1 4 3

5 2 5

6 3

5 9

1 9 3

5 6

7 6 8

5 7

6 3 9

5 6

7 2 1

6 0

1 1 3

6 0

3 3 8

6 0

8 1 0

6 1

2 8 9




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Heading 2: Preservation and managementof natural resources

Impr vi g c mp i iv ss, vir ma d quali y li

Direct payments and market management measures arecovered by the rst pillar o the common agricultural poli-cy (CAP). Its current structure is the result o an ongoingre orm process started in 1993 and extended signi cantly in 2003. Te central idea behind the re orms was to makethe agricultural sector more competitive by cutting the link between subsidies and production, while providing thenecessary income stability to armers. Farmers now receivean income support payment, on condition that they ul lenvironmental, ood sa ety and animal health and wel arestandards. A mechanism or nancial discipline has been

set up to ensure that the arm budget xed until 2013 is notovershot. Direct payments to new Member States increasedgradually ollowing the 10-year phasing-in scheme. A newinstrument called modulation allows trans er o unds

rom the direct payments to the armers to the rural devel-opment budget. Tis pillar also nances consumer-orient-ed measures such the European school milk programme,which subsidises the distribution o milk and other dairy products in schools throughout Europe. During the2007/08 school year, over 25 million EU students received291 406 tonnes o milk and milk products.

0

10

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Market support: most of the planned expenditure is for restructuring measures and market development programmes.Export subsidies: refunds granted to exporters to compensate the di erence between the EU market price and the world price.% of EU GDP

Coupled direct aids: paid directly to farmers to help stabilise income. Linked to following good agricultural practice and certain products.Decoupled direct aids: paid directly to farmers to help stabilise income. Not linked to production but to following good agricultural practice.

Rural development: see the general illustration of the programme.

% o f G D P

agriCulture (direCt payments and market management)

The path of CAP reform and CAP expenditure

Data source: Directorate-General or Agriculture

p a y m e n t a p p r o p r i a t i o n s i n E U R b i l l i o n


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Te second pillar o the CAP ocuses on three thematic axes linked to rural development nanced by the EuropeanAgricultural Fund or Rural Development.

Axis 1aims at improving the competitiveness o the agricultural and orestry sectors by ocusing on the priorities o knowledge trans er, modernisation, innovation and quality o the ood chain.

Axis 2improves biodiversity and the preservation and development o high nature value arming and orestry systemsand traditional agricultural landscapes, water and climate change.

Axis 3concentrates on improving the quality o li e in rural areas and encouraging diversi cation.o help ensure a balanced approach to policy, Member States and regions are obliged to spread their rural developmentunding between all three o these thematic axes.

A urther requirement is that some o the unding must support projects that are developed by local action groups underthe so-called Leader approach. Tis is to ensure highly individual projects designed and executed by local partnershipsto address speci c local problems.

Axis 2

44 %

Axis 3

13 %

Leader

6 %

Others

3 %

Axis 1

34 %

The different axes within the European Agricultural Fundfor Rural Development (EAFRD), 200713 EU 27

Main rural development measures of the 200713programming period EU 27 in EUR million

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

Diversi cation into non-agricultural activities (2 %)Restoring forestry potential and introducing prevention actions (2 %)

Technical assistance (2 %)Business creation and development (2 %)First a orestration of agricultural land (3 %)Early retirement (3 %)Basic services for the economy and rural population (3 %)Setting up young farmers (3 %)Village renewal and development (3 %)Implementing local development strategies quality of life/diversi cation (4 %)Infrastructure related to the development and adaptationof agriculture and forestry (5 %)Adding value to agricultural and forestry products (6 %)Natural handicap payments to farmers in mountain areas (7 %)

Payments to farmers in areas with handicaps, other thanmountain areas (7 %)Modernisation of agricultural holdings (11 %)Agri-environment payments (22 %)

Axis 1Axis 2Axis 3LeaderOthers

AB

CD

EFGH

IJ

KLM

NO

A

B

CD

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

P

rural development




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28

Te European Fisheries Fund (EFF) aims at developingsheries in the EU and contributes to the economic diver-

si cation o regions a ected by a reduction in shing activ-ity. It is subdivided around di erent priority axes: (1) meas-ures or the adaptation o the Community shing feet;(2) aquaculture, inland shing, processing and marketingo shery and aquaculture products; (3) measures o com-mon interest; (4) sustainable development o sheriesareas; (5) technical assistance. Each Member State sets upan operational programme (OP) or the whole program-ming period 200713, describing its choice among priority

axes and the related targets.

Technicalassistance

(Axis 5)3.7 %

Fleet adjustment (Axis 1)26.6 %

Sustainabledevelopment

of sheries areas(Axis 4)13.2 %

Collective actions(Axis 3)27.0 %

Aquaculture and processing and marketing (Axis 2)29.6 %

european isheries und

li e+

EFF Allocation of expenditure by axis for the period200713 in EUR million

LIFE+ supports the development and implementation o Community environmental policy and legislation, in particularthe objectives o the sixth environment action programme o the European Community (sixth EAP).

Life+ by objective in EUR million



0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Nature and biodiversity(up to 72 grants, 25 contracts for

studies and survey)

Environment and health(60 studies, up to 33 grants)

Natural resources and waste(46 studies, up to 26 grants)

Implementation and awareness-raising(22 studies and surveys, 51 grants,

25 awareness-raising activities)

Climate change (11 trading schemeand climate package grants,

19 studies, 18 project grants)

25.8

30.7

33.4

46.0

111.8




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3a. Fr d m, s curi y a d jus ic

Te development o a common asylum area, cooperation betweenlaw en orcement agencies and judicial authorities to prevent and

ght terrorism and crime, respect or undamental rights, and aglobal approach to drug issues are the main policies o thisexpenditure area ocusing on the protection o li e, reedom andproperty o citizens.

Heading 3: Citizenship, freedom, securityand justice

Pr c i g li , r d m a d pr p r y ci iz s


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exeCuted Commitment appropriations (Ca ): eur 640.9 million (+ 13.0 % on 2007)



400

200

0

600

800

1 000

1 200

1 400

1 600

1 800

Ceilings Executed budget Voted budget

2007

6 3 7

5 6 7

2008

7 4 7

6 4 1

2009

8 7 2

2010

1 0

2 5

2011

1 2

0 6

2012

1 4

0 6

2013

1 6

6 1

8 6 4

Decentralised agencies:125.9;19.6 %

Solidarity and managementof migration ows:319.1;

49.8 %

Other actions and programmes:52.4;8.2 %

Fundamental rights and justice:76.9;12.0 %

Security and safeguarding liberties:66.5;10.4 %



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Heading 3: Citizenship, freedom,security and justice

Pr c i g li , r d m a dpr p r y ci iz s

Te ramework programme Solidarity and management o migration fows o ers nancial support through our unds.

e External Borders Fund provides funding to help EU States cope with the nancial burden in the area of externalborders and visa policy. Te general objective o the und is to support an e cient, high and uni orm level o control atthe EUs external borders.

e Return Fund supports the efforts to improve the management of return, with a preference to voluntary return andwith a view to supporting a air and e ective implementation o common standards on return across the EU.

e role of the European Refugee Fund (ERF) is to support and improve the efforts of EU States to grant receptionconditions to re ugees and displaced persons, to apply air and e ective asylum procedures and to promote good prac-tices in the eld o asylum so as to protect the rights o persons requiring international protection.

e European Fund for the Integration of ird-country Nationals supports actions to help third-country nationals ofdi erent economic, cultural, religious, linguistic and ethnic backgrounds to ul l the conditions o residence and to

acilitate their integration into European societies.

External Borders Fund133.043 %

European Migration Network6.52 %

European Fund for the Integrationof Third-Country Nationals

77.024 %

European Return Fund20.06 %

European Refugee Fund70.922 %

Emergency measures in the eventof mass in uxes of refugees

9.73 %

Drugs preventionand information

Fundamental rightsand citizenship

Justice in criminaland civil matters

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

0.5

2.5

17.7 3.1 5.5 2.4

26.1 2.5 9.6 5.9

137 action grants

32 operating grants

25 speci c actions

34 actions on the initiative of the Commission

11 conferences, studies, research programmes,campaigns

others

Te ramework programme on undamental rights and justice nances actions combating violence, providing in orma-tion on, and preventing the use o , drugs and actively promoting undamental rights. It supports also judicial cooperationin criminal and civil matters and aims at promoting mutual recognition o judicial decisions.

solidarity and management o migration lows

undamental rights and justiCe

Solidarity and management of migration ows in EUR million

Fundamental rights and justice in EUR million



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33

3a. FReeDoM, SeCURItY AnD JUStICe


Pr c i g li , r d m a dpr p r y ci iz s

wo main programmes characterise this expenditure area.

Te rst one is designed to manage the consequences o terrorism and to protect citizens against acts that may threatenindividual liberties, democratic society and the rule o law. Te second one is a security programme promoting coordina-tion, cooperation and best practices in the elds o law en orcement, crime prevention and criminology.

In 2008, operation Trufas led to the arrest of 65 persons suspected to be involved in human traffi cking in Spain.

irty- ve joint investigation teams were set up as a tool for bilateral and multilateral judicial and police cooperation.

19 action grants

Administrative arrangement withthe Joint Research Centre

74 project grants

21 public procurement contracts

CEPOL (European Police College)

Prevention, preparednessand consequence

management of terrorism

Improving law-enforcementcooperation between

Member States

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

12.1 1.8

37.1 15.1 8.7

European Union Agency forFundamental Rights

50 %

European Police College9 %

European Agency for the Managementof Operational Cooperation at the

External Borders9 %

Eurojust13 %

European Monitoring Centre for Drugsand Drug Addiction

19 %

seCurity and sa eguarding liberties

deCentralised agenCies

Decentralised agencies, such as the Agency or Fundamen-tal Rights in Vienna, the Agency or the Management o Operational Cooperation at the External Borders (Fron-tex) in Warsaw, the European Monitoring Centre or Drugsand Drug Addiction in Lisbon, play a growing role in theimplementation o this area. Te decentralised agencies o

heading 3a include also the European Police College inBramshill and the judicial cooperation network Eurojust inTe Hague.

Securing and safeguarding liberties in EUR million

Data source: Preliminary Dra t General Budget 2010


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3 . Ci iz ship

Improving active citizenship, ostering European culture,identity and diversity, as well as promoting health, consumerand civil protection are the EUs objectives implemented in thisexpenditure area.


e ha ci g eur p a id i y, civilpr c i a d h al h


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35

exeCuted Commitment appropriations (Ca ): eur 880.6 million (+ 10.1 % on 2007)



200

100

0

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1 000

Ceilings EUSF

2007

6 3 6

1 9 7

2008

6 1 5

2 7 3

2009

6 5 1

6 5 1

2010

6 6 8

2011

6 8 3

2012

6 9 9

2013

7 1 5


e x e c u t e d b u d g e t


v o t e d b u d g e t

6 0 4

6 0 7

European Union Solidarity Fund273.231%

Other actions and programmes

20.62.3%

Decentralised agencies102.6

11.7%Public health and

consumer protection programme71.68.1%

Culture 200746.75.3%

Youth in action122.0

13.9%

MEDIA 2007103.8

11.8%

Europe for citizens31.13.5%

Civil protection

15.21.7%

Communication actions93.8

10.7%

In 2008, the European Union Solidarity Fund (EUSF) supported the UK, France, Greece and Slovenia (see chart overlea ).

In 2009, it has been allocated to nance actions ollowing the foods in Romania (latest update May 2009).

1 1

. 8


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36


e ha ci g eur p a id i y,civil pr c i a d h al h

Tis expenditure area encompasses two main policies. Te public health policy nances identi cation o health threatsposed by diseases or physical and chemical agents and development o vaccination policies and emergency plans. Teconsumer policy monitors market developments, provides scienti c advice and risk evaluation, and supports Europeanconsumer organisations.

Strengthened Member Statesenforcement of consumer protection rules

Empowered and con dent consumers

Dynamic health systems and new technologies

Protecting citizens from health threats

Fostering good health in an ageing Europe

109 actions

46 miscellaneousmeasures (monitoring

analyses, consumerinformation andeducation)

0 5 10 15 20 25

3.45

16.98

12

11.9

21.3

Europe or citizens aims at orging a European identity,based on recognised common values, history and culture.It gives citizens the opportunity to interact and participatein constructing an ever closer Europe, united in and en-riched through its cultural diversity. ypical actions are thedevelopment o exchanges, such as town-twinning and

local transnational citizens projects.

european union solidarity und

Civil proteCtion

publiC health and Consumer proteCtion

europe or CitiZens

Te civil protection nancial instrument or major emergencies is a programme designed to aid Member States to protectpeople, the environment and property in the event o natural and man-made disasters. Main actions are studies, scenarios,exercises, sta exchanges and in ormation provision, as well as the development o detection and early-warning systems.

Civil protection in the event of a major emergency: the Civil Protection Mechanism responded to three

emergencies inside the EU: forest res in Bulgaria andGreece, oods in Romania.

Enhancing the Communitys state of preparednessfor responses to emergencies: eight contracts signed in 2008 for curricula on improv-

ing the preparedness skills of experts, managers andadministrators;

three grant agreements signed in 2008 for organisationof exercises (Romania: earthquake scenario; the Neth-erlands: oods scenario; France: earthquake scenario);

ve grant agreements signed in 2008 improving the ef-fectiveness of emergency response of responders/gen-eral public.

Public health and consumer protection output related expenditure in EUR million

Europe for citizens by policy in EUR million

EUSF intervention by territory in EUR millionTe European Union Solidarity Fund has been designed torespond in an e cient and fexible manner when a majornatural disaster occurs in Member States.



Greece/extensive partof the whole

territory ( res)89.8

UK/England,Northern Irelandand Wales ( oods)162.4

Slovenia/extensive partof the whole territory ( oods)

8.3

France/Antilles (Hurricane Dean)12.8

Active civil society in Europe9.1

34 %

Active citizensfor Europe

14.053 %

Together for Europe2.08 %

Active European remembrance1.45 %


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37

3 . CItIZenSHIP


e ha ci g eur p a id i y,civil pr c i a d h al h

media 2007

CommuniCation aCtions

Culture

youth in aCtion

MEDIA 2007 promotes European cultural values, such as cultural and linguistic diversity, by supporting the creation o highly skilled jobs in the audiovisual sector. Examples o co- nancing are: training or audiovisual pro essionals, develop-ment o European projects, nancing plans, dubbing and subtitling. In 2008, over 1 800 projects were supported.

In recent years, the need and the importance o rein orcingcommunication with European citizens has resulted in ini-tiatives centred on the three main objectives o listening,communicating and going local, providing ull and com-prehensive in ormation on the EU and involving people in

a permanent dialogue. Tese activities engage in debateand discussion with citizens in national, regional and localcontexts, thus promoting active European citizenship andcontributing to the development o a European publicsphere.

Tis programme promotes cultural exchange and cooperation by supporting the mobility o cultural players. It nancesinter alia estivals, master classes, international exhibitions, workshops and con erences.

Tis expenditure area promotes youth exchanges, encourages active participation o young people in the democratic li eand supports their voluntary participation in non-pro t activities.


Data source: Directorate-General or Education and Culture

5 special actions (excluding third countries andcooperation with Council of Europe and UNESCO)

34 Cultural Contact Points

2 grants for European Capitals of Culture

Others, including cooperation withCouncil of Europe and UNESCO

59 support grants for bodies active atEuropean level in the eld of culture

11 multiannual cooperation projects

EUR million

182 cooperation actions (annualactions + literary translation)

0 5 10 15 20 25

3

3.37

6.45

16.60

17.59

1.06

1.54

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Main strands of the programme (number of participants)

Budget committed (in million EUR)Number of projects granted

Youth exchanges(40 800)

Youth initiatives(16 900)

Youth democracyprojects(19 000)

EuropeanVoluntaryService(4 600)

Cooperationwith neighbouring

countries(14 900)

Training andnetworking of youth workers

(23 700)

Meetings of youngpeople with those

responsible foryouth policy

(20 700)

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0


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Heading 4: The European Unionas a global player

Pr m i g pr sp ri y a d supp r i gd m cra ic valu s ar u d h w rld

Te EUs paramount objectives in oreign policy are stability,security and neighbourhoods prosperity. Te EU is the worldsbiggest provider o aid to developing countries. It has created amore proactive oreign and security policy with the capacity tocarry out crisis management and peace-keeping missions withinEurope and ar beyond. Main interventions in 2008 concernedKosovo, Georgia and Palestine.


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39

exeCuted Commitment appropriations (Ca ): eur 7 352.9 million (+ 13.5 % on 2007)


inanCial ramework

Development Cooperation Instrument:2 272.3; 30.9 %

European Neighbourhood andPartnership Instrument:

1 682.3; 22.9 %

Instrument for Pre-Accession:1 563.1; 21.3 % Humanitarian aid:

930.9; 12.7 %

Common foreign and security policy:286.7; 3.9 %

Instrument for Stability:176.5; 2.4 %

Other actions and programmes:159.8; 2.2 %Democracy and Human Rights:146.9; 2.0 %Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation:72.5; 1.0 %Industrialised Countries Instrument:25.0; 0.3 %

Decentralised agencies:19.2; 0.3 %

Macroeconomic assistance:17.6; 0.2 %

0

2 000

4 000

6 000

8 000

10 000

12 000

C o m m i t m e n t a p p r o p r i a t i o n s i n E U R m i l l i o n

7 2

7 3

2009

7 4

4 0

2010

7 8 9 3

2011

8 4

3 0

2012

8 9

9 7

2013

9 5

9 5

2008

7 0

0 2

2007

6 5

7 8

6 4

7 8

Ceilings EAR: EUR 217 million, Flexibility Instrument: EUR 70 million, carry overs: EUR 102.2 million Food facility

e x e c u r e d b u d g e t


v o t e d b u d g e t

6 9

6 4

3 8 9

8 3 0

Te purpose o the emergency aid reserve (EAR) is to provide a rapid response to the speci c aid requirements o non-member countries ollowing events which could not be oreseen when the budget was established, rst and

oremost or humanitarian operations. In 2008, it was mobilised to nance ood aid actions and a major interventionin Georgia.

In 2008, the Flexibility Instrument (see HD1a) was mobilised to contribute to the nancing o actions in Kosovo in

the area o the common oreign and security policy.A acility or rapid response to soaring prices in developing countries ( ood acility) has been designed to spendEUR 1 billion over the three-year period 200810, even i its late approval in 2008 caused a carry-over o appropria-tions to 2009. Te EUR 830 million allocated to 2009 is composed o EUR 420 million rom the Flexibility Instru-ment, EUR 262 rom the emergency aid reserve and EUR 148 million rom redeployments within HD4.


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40

Since 2007, EU pre-accession unding is channelled through a single instrument designed to deliver ocused support toboth candidate and potential candidate countries, i.e. the western Balkan countries and urkey. Te aid aims at preparingthem or ull implementation o EU law. In 2008, special emphasis was given to the Kosovo settlement ollowing theproclamation o independence o February 2008.

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Others (including technical assistanceinformation exchange)

Cross-border cooperation

Human resources developmentInstrument for Pre-accession Assistance for

Rural Development (IPARD)Regional and horizontal programmes

Regional development component

Transition and institution-building assistance topotential candidate countries

Transition and institution-building assistance tocandidate countries

31.2

69.3

71.6

133.6

137.1

233.7

334.6

505.8

Objective 1 Objective 3Objective 2 Objective 4

0 50 100 150 350 400 450 500

67.5

5026

42102.5

11395

91.5 36.889

3825.4

25 8

5

5015.5

382

473.1

Others including Technical Assistance Information Exchange Programme (TAIEX) 200 organised events

Pilot projects

Measures for the settlement of Georgia internal con icts

Support to the Palestinian Authorities and the peace process

Governance facilityPolitical governance reform eastern neighbours

Political governance reform southern neighbours

Sustainable development eastern neighbours

Sustainable development southern neighbours except Palestine

Projects in eastern neighbours

Projects in southern neighbours except Palestine

Cross-border cooperation (CBC)

Euro-MedRegional cooperation among eastern neighbours

Tempus 50 cooperation projects

Ersamus Mundus external cooperation window (EMECW) 1 520 scholarshipsNeighbourhood investment facility (NIF) 15 approved projects



instrument or pre-aCCession assistanCe (ipa)

european neighbourhood and partnership instrument (enpi)

Te ENPI aims at creating closer relationships with theEUs neighbours by promoting common cooperation andincreasing prosperity, stability and security. Te ENPI isstructured around our objectives:

(1) cooperation between the EU and its neighbours andregional and multilateral integration;

(2) supporting EU neighbours economic and sector re-orms;

(3) promoting democracy, human rights and the rule o law;

(4) a partnership between Russia and the EU.

Implementation in 2008 was marked by the global crisis,confict between Russia and Georgia and the Israeli intervention in Gaza. Despite this, bilateral relations with sev-eral ENP partner countries have been intensi ed and sig-ni cant progress was made in areas such as trade, tax andcustoms re orm or competition. In addition, the Union orthe Mediterranean was o cially launched and, in Decem-ber, the Commission tabled its proposal or an ambitiouseastern partnership.

ENPI in EUR million

IPA in EUR million



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41

Te primary and overarching objective o the biggest EUinstrument or external actions is the eradication o pov-erty in the context o sustainable development, includingpursuit o the millennium development goals (MDGs).Tematic programmes include Migration and asylum, In- vesting in people, Environment and sustainable manage-ment o natural resources including energy, Non-state ac-tors and local authorities in development and Foodsecurity to ACP sugar protocol countries. Geographic pro-grammes support the development o , and rein orce coop-eration with, countries and regions in Latin America, Asia,

central Asia, the Middle East (Iran, Iraq and Yemen) andSouth A rica.

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

MigrationCentral AsiaMiddle East

Environmental programmeSouth Africa

Human developmentSugar

Non-state actorsFood securityLatin America

Asia

52.1

62.1

98.4

100.8

135.4

150.5

152.6

213.2

216.2

347.7

658.9



development Cooperation instrument (dCi)

humanitarian aid

Common oreign and seCurity poliCy (C sp)

Humanitarian aid helps countries which are victims o natural catastrophes and man-made crises (wars, conficts,etc.). In 2008, the Commission responded to humanitariancrises in over 60 countries. Due to the e ect o soaringprices o ood aid products and oil, the cost o respondingto the humanitarian needs escalated signi cantly and theinitial budget had to be rein orced rom the emergency aidreserve on several occasions during the year. Apart romhumanitarian aid and ood aid, over EUR 30 million havebeen spent on disaster preparedness actions.

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Others

Asia and Latin America

Middle East, Mediterranean,Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia

Africa, Caribbean, Paci c

29.5

2.5

128.9

82.6 62.8

292.3 254.6

Humanitarian aid Food aid

43.4

In 2008, the Commission continued its success ul manage-ment o a large number o European security and de encepolicy (ESDP) missions and EU special representatives(EUSRs), in particular in Kosovo, where the largest ESDPmission ever (EULEX Kosovo) has been deployed, and inA ghanistan (EUPOL). An important achievement o theCFSP has been the rapid and success ul set-up o a moni-toring mission or Georgia ollowing the confict with Rus-sia in August 2008. Apart rom the ESDP missions, theCFSP budget also contributed to nancing measures in thearea o non-proli eration o weapons o mass destruction(WMD).

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Others8 joint actions

Georgia and southern Caucasus

Bosnia and HerzegovinaRepublic of Guinea-Bissau

Iraq

Congo

African Great Lakes

Palestine and Middle East peace p rocess

Kosovo

Afghanistan

38.2

9.8

7.2

8.7

5.7

9.2

1.4

47.6

120.4

1. Preservation of stability in Kosovo, Afghanistan, Middle East and Africa2. Strategy on non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction3. Stability in the southern Caucasus

15.4

15.9

DCI executed commitment appropriation in EUR million

Humanitarian assistance allocated in 2008 in EUR million

120 million beneciaries (estimate for 2008)



CFSP in EUR million

4. tHe eURoPeAn UnIon AS A GLobAL PLAYeR


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Heading 5: Administration

Heading 6: Compensation


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43

Administration covers the expenditure o all EU institutions, such as salaries and pensions o the sta , buildings andin rastructure, in ormation technology activities and security. In 2008, commitment appropriations (CAs) amounted toEUR 7.2 billion, representing 5.5 % o total CAs. Despite recent enlargements and the related increases in human resources,the budget share o administrative expenditure has dropped by 0.1 percentage points on 2007.

running the union

administrative expenditure (million eur)

helping new members with their i rst payments to the eu budget

Compensation is a temporary measure ensuring that newMember States retain a positive budgetary balance duringthe rst years o accession. New EU countries start payinginto the EU budget rom the beginning o their accession but

due to the act that the programmes are implemented over along time rame they do not receive substantial amountsrom the EU budget until much later. Tere ore they need a

compensation to counterbalance the temporary time gap.Whereas in 2006 compensations were paid to the 10 coun-tries that had joined in 2004, as o 2007 they only concernedBulgaria and Romania, which received EUR 64 million andEUR 142.6 million in 2008 respectively.

Romania:69 %

Bulgaria:31 %

EUR 206.6 MILLION

Commitment appropriations

Parliament 1 446.0

Council 655.0

Commission 3 344.6

Court o Justice 290.0

Court o Auditors 121.0

European Economic and Social Committee 110.0

Committee o the Regions 70.0

European Ombudsman 8.0

European Data Protection Supervisor 5.0Pensions 1 022.6

European Schools 143.5


46/118


47/118


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46

In absolute terms, France is in 2008 as in 2007 the largestrecipient o EU expenditure ahead o Spain, which was rstin 2003, 2004 and 2005. Germany is in third position as in2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. Italy is in ourth position, ol-lowed by Greece.

Poland, which now receives substantial EU cohesion andagricultural expenditure, is in sixth position as in 2007 (up

rom the eighth position in 2005 and 2006), ahead o theUnited Kingdom and Belgium (when including adminis-trative expenditure). See Figure 1 below and tables in an-nexes or urther details.

All ca i y M m r S a

Figure 1 2008 EU expenditure by heading and by Member State(million EUR, ranked by size)

NB: The UK correction amounted to EUR 6 252.0 million in 2008.

14 000

12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

0FR

13.1 %ES

11.5 %DE

10.7 %IT

9.8 %EL

8.1 %PL

7.3 %UK 7.0 %

BE5.8 %

PT3.9 %

RO2.5 %

CZ2.3 %

NL2.2 %

IE2.0 %

HU1.9 %

AT1.7 %

DK 1.5 %

SE1.4 %

LU1.3 %

FI1.3 %

SK 1.2 %

LT1.1 %

BG0.9 %

LV0.6 %

SI0.4 %

EE0.4 %

CY0.1 %

MT0.1 %

6. Compensation

5. Administration

4. The EU as a global player

3b. Citizenship

3a. Freedom, security, justice

2. Natural resources

1b. Cohesion

1a. Competitiveness

% EU

Expenditure by Member State


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47

In 2008, the ratio o EU-allocated expenditure on GNIreached:

4.87 % for Luxembourg, ahead of Greece and Lithuania,3.64 % and 3.62 % respectively;

2.89 % for Bulgaria, now in fourth position, in its sec-ond year a er accession to the EU, up rom the ninthposition in 2007;

2.70 % for Latvia and 2.58 % for Portugal, now in sixthposition, up rom the eighth position in 2007, notably on account o high EU cohesion expenditure;

2.46 % for Estonia, 2.19 % for Poland, 2.07 % for Hun-gary, 2.03 % or Romania and 1.96 % or Slovakia;

between 1.77 % and 1.13 % for the Czech Republic, Bel-gium, Malta, Ireland, Slovenia and Spain; and

between 0.83 % and 0.38 % for Cyprus, Finland, France,Italy, Denmark, Austria, Germany, Sweden, the UnitedKingdom and the Netherlands.

For Belgium and Luxembourg the ratio was respectively 1.76 % and 4.87 % when including administrative expendi-ture, and 0.64 % and 0.81 % when excluding administrativeexpenditure.

See Figure 2 below or urther details.

Figure 2 2008 EU expenditure by heading and by Member State (% GNI, ranked by size)

Additional in ormation on the evolution o the allocationo EU expenditure in each Member State or the period200008 is included in tables available on the Internet(http://ec.europa.eu/budget/documents/2008_en.htm).

For each heading o the nancial ramework, a summary view o the allocation o 2008 EU expenditure by MemberState is given in the charts herea er.

4.5 %

5.0 %

4.0 %

3.5 %

3.0 %

2.5 %

2.0 %

1.5 %

1.0 %

0.5 %

0.0 %LU EL LT BG LV PT EE PL HU RO SK CZ BE MT IE SI ES CY FI FR IT DK AT DE SE UK NL

6. Compensation

5. Administration


3b. Citizenship

3a. Freedom, security, justice

2. Natural resources

1b. Cohesion

1a. Competitiveness



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48

ES:EUR 0.63 billion;7.6 %

As ar as competitiveness or growth and employment isconcerned, Germany is the largest recipient in 2008 as in2007, ahead o the United Kingdom, France, Belgium andItaly.

Ten come Spain and the Netherlands.

A third group includes Sweden, Austria, Finland, Greece,Lithuania, Denmark, Poland, Portugal, Luxembourg, Ire-land, Hungary and the Czech Republic.

Pie Chart 1a Competitiveness for growth and employment 2008 EU expenditure by Member State(% EU, ranked by size)

RO:EUR 0.04 billion; 0.4 %LV:EUR 0.02 billion; 0.2 %

EE:EUR 0.02 billion; 0.2 %CY:EUR 0.01 billion; 0.2 %

MT:EUR 0.01 billion; 0.1 %

DE:EUR 1.26 billion; 15.2 %

UK: EUR 1.03 billion;12.5 %

FR: EUR 0.98 billion;11.8 %

BE: EUR 0.90 billion;10.8 %IT:EUR 0.84 billion;10.1 %

NL:EUR 0.50 billion; 6.0 %

EL:EUR 0.21 billion;2.5 %

LT:EUR 0.18 billion;2.2 %

DK:EUR 0.17 billion;2.0 %

FI:EUR 0.24 billion;2.8 %

SE:EUR 0.28 billion;3.3 %

AT:EUR 0.25 billion;3.0 %

SK:EUR 0.04 billion;0.5 %SI:EUR 0.04 billion;0.5 %

BG:EUR 0.05 billion;0.6 %CZ:EUR 0.07 billion;0.9 %

HU:EUR 0.07 billion;0.9 %IE:EUR 0.10 billion;1.2 %

LU:EUR 0.12 billion;1.4 %

PT:EUR 0.12 billion;1.5 %PL:EUR 0.14 billion;1.7 %

Expenditure by Member State1a. C mp i iv ss r gr w h a d

mpl ym


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In relative terms, Lithuania received the largest share o EUcompetitiveness expenditure (0.58 % o GNI, o which0.51 % or the decommissioning o the Ignalina nuclearplant) ollowed by Luxembourg and Belgium. Expenditureallocated to Belgium and Luxembourg might be infated

due to the large number o multinational consultancies orad hoc companies based in these two Member States.

Bulgaria is ourth (0.14 % o GNI, o which 0.05 % or thedecommissioning o the Bohunice nuclear plant). Anothergroup comprises Malta, Finland and Slovenia.

Bar Chart 1a Competitiveness for growth and employment 2008 EU expenditure by Member State(% GNI, ranked by size)

0.60 %

0.55 %

0.50 %

0.45 %

0.40 %

0.35 %

0.30 %

0.25 %

0.20 %

0.15 %

0.10 %

0.05 %

0.00 %LT LU BE BG MT FI SI EE AT EL CY NL SE HU PT LV DK SK IE ES UK IT CZ FR DE PL RO

Expenditure by Member State1a. C mp i iv ss r gr w h a d

mpl ym


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Pie Chart 1b Cohesion for growth and employment 2008 EU expenditure by Member State(% EU, ranked by size)

Greece ollowed by Poland (now second, up rom the hposition in 2007) and Spain are by ar the largest recipientso EU Cohesion and Structural Funds in 2008.

Ten ollow Italy and Germany.

As in 2007, Portugal remains in the sixth position, ahead o France and the United Kingdom.

Ten comes the Czech Republic, now ninth (up one posi-tion), ollowed by Hungary and Slovakia.

Te Netherlands are then in 12th position, up rom the20th position in 2007.

Te ollowing group comprises Romania, Lithuania,Belgium and Latvia.

FI:EUR 0.21 billion;0.6 %IE:EUR 0.21 billion;0.6 %

SE:EUR 0.15 billion;0.4 %DK:EUR 0.10 billion;0.3 %


EL:EUR 4.71 billion; 13.3 %

PL: EUR 4.61 billion;13.0 %

ES: EUR 4.25 billion;12.0 %

IT: EUR 3.69 billion;10.4 %

DE:EUR 3.08 billion;8.7 %

PT:EUR 2.57 billion;7.2 %

FR:EUR 2.31 billion;6.5 %

SK:EUR 0.81 billion;2.3 %

HU:EUR 1.19 billion;3.4 %

UK:EUR 2.10 billion;5.9 %

CZ:EUR 1.68 billion;4.7 %

BG:EUR 0.22 billion; 0.6 %AT:EUR 0.23 billion; 0.7 %

SI:EUR 0.23 billion; 0.7 %

EE:EUR 0.24 billion; 0.7 %LV:EUR 0.38 billion; 1.1 %

BE:EUR 0.40 billion; 1.1 %

LT:EUR 0.63 billion;1.8 %

RO:EUR 0.65 billion;1.8 %

NL:EUR 0.67 billion;1.9 %

CY:EUR 0.05 billion;0.1 %MT:EUR 0.04 billion;0.1 %

Expenditure by Member State1 . C h si r gr w h a d

mpl ym


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As in 200307, France is in 2008 the largest recipient o EUagricultural expenditure.

Ten ollow, as in 2006 and 2007, Spain, Germany, Italy,the United Kingdom, Greece and Poland.

Pie Chart 2 Preservation and management of natural resources 2008 EU expenditure by Member State(% EU, ranked by size)

LT:EUR 0.25 billion;0.5 %LV:EUR 0.19 billion;0.4 %

SI:EUR 0.14 billion;0.3 %EE:EUR 0.10 billion;0.2 %

CY:EUR 0.05 billion;0.1 %

FR:EUR 10.01 billion; 19.2 %

ES: EUR 7.08 billion;13.6 %

DE: EUR 6.61 billion;12.7 %

IT: EUR 5.41 billion;10.4 %


EL:EUR 3.44 billion;6.6 %

PL:EUR 2.66 billion;5.1 %

AT:EUR 1.22 billion;2.3 %

DK:EUR 1.23 billion;2.4 %

IE:EUR 1.69 billion;3.2 %

PT:EUR 1.37 billion;2.6 %

SK:EUR 0.36 billion; 0.7 %BG:EUR 0.42 billion; 0.8 %

CZ:EUR 0.66 billion; 1.3 %

HU:EUR 0.68 billion; 1.3 %BE:EUR 0.82 billion; 1.6 %

FI:EUR 0.84 billion; 1.6 %

SE:EUR 0.96 billion;1.8 %

NL:EUR 0.96 billion;1.8 %

RO:EUR 1.06 billion;2.0 %

LU:EUR 0.05 billion;0.1 %MT:EUR 0.01 billion;0.0 %

Expenditure by Member State2. Pr s rva i a d ma ag m

a ural r s urc s


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In relative terms, Greece received the largest share o EUexpenditure under the heading natural resources (1.47 %o GNI) ahead o Bulgaria, now already second, up romthe 26th position in 2007 (when almost no payment wasmade).

Ten ollow Ireland, Portugal and Latvia.

A third group comprises Lithuania, Romania, Poland,Hungary, Spain and Estonia.

Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Poland, Hungary and Estonia are already among the largest recipients inrelative terms. Yet EU payments under the heading naturalresources or these Member States are still in a phasing-inprocess. Full payments (comparable with the EU-15) willbe reached only rom 2013 onwards.

France, which is in rst position in nominal terms, thencomes in 14th position in relative terms.

Bar Chart 2 Preservation and management of natural resources 2008 EU expenditure by Member State(% GNI, ranked by size)

1.6 %

1.4 %

1.2 %

1.0 %

0.8 %

0.6 %

0.4 %

0.2 %

0.0 %EL BG IE PT LV LT RO PL HU ES EE SK DK FR CZ FI AT SI IT CY SE DE BE MT UK LU NL

Expenditure by Member State2. Pr s rva i a d ma ag m

a ural r s urc s


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Pie Chart 3a Freedom, security and justice 2008 EU expenditure by Member State (% EU, ranked by size)

As ar as Freedom, security and justice is concerned,Poland is by ar the largest recipient in 2008, ahead o Belgium and Spain.

Te Netherlands is in ourth position, ollowed by Italy,Germany and France.

A third group comprises Austria, Greece, Portugal, Lithua-nia, Hungary, Malta and the United Kingdom.

Expenditure by Member State3a. Fr d m, s curi y a d jus ic

PL: EUR 0.049 billion; 13.0 %

IE: EUR 0.0003 billion; 0.1 %BG: EUR 0.001 billion; 0.3 %

LU: EUR 0.001 billion; 0.3 %DK: EUR 0.001 billion; 0.3 %RO: EUR 0.002 billion; 0.4 %

CY: EUR 0.003 billion; 0.7 %

SK: EUR 0.003 billion; 0.7 %LV: EUR 0.003 billion; 0.8 %

EE: EUR 0.003 billion; 0.9 %

CZ: EUR 0.004 billion; 1.0 %SE: EUR 0.004 billion; 1.2 %

FI: EUR 0.005 billion; 1.3 %

SI: EUR 0.007 billion; 1.9 %

UK: EUR 0.009 billion; 2.4 %

MT: EUR 0.010 billion; 2.5 %

HU: EUR 0.011 billion; 3.0 %

LT: EUR 0.015 billion; 4.0 %

PT: EUR 0.017 billion; 4.5 %

EL: EUR 0.017 billion; 4.5 %

AT: EUR 0.020 billion; 5.2 %

FR: EUR 0.028 billion; 7.3 %

DE: EUR 0.029 billion; 7.6 %IT: EUR 0.029 billion; 7.6 %

NL: EUR 0.031 billion; 8.3 %

ES: EUR 0.034 billion; 8.9 %

BE: EUR 0.043 billion; 11.4 %


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In relative terms, the biggest amounts o this heading wentby ar to Malta (0.18 % o GNI, o which 0.17 %, i.e. EUR 9.1million, o payments under solidarity and management o migration fow), ollowed by Lithuania.

A ollowing group comprises Estonia, Slovenia, Cyprus,Poland, Latvia, Belgium, Hungary and Portugal.

Ten ollow Greece, Austria, the Netherlands and Slovakia.

Bar Chart 3a Freedom, security and justice2008 EU expenditure by Member State (% GNI, ranked by size)

Expenditure by Member State3a. Fr d m, s curi y a d jus ic

0.20 %

0.15 %

0.05 %

0.10 %

0.00 %MT LT EE SI CY PL LV BE HU PT EL AT NL SK LU ES BG CZ FI IT FR SE RO DE DK UK IE


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In relative terms, the biggest amounts o this heading wentto Malta (0.13 % o GNI, o which 0.10 %, i.e. EUR 5.3 mil-lion, under the enlargement transition acility or newMember States).

A second group comprises Greece, Slovenia, Lithuania,Cyprus, Luxembourg, Latvia and Estonia.

Ten ollow Belgium, Hungary, Sweden and Slovakia.

Bar Chart 3b Citizenship 2008 EU expenditure by Member State (% GNI, ranked by size)

Expenditure by Member State3 . Ci iz ship

0.15 %

0.10 %

0.05 %

0.00 %MT EL SI LT CY LU LV EE BE HU SE SK RO UK BG PL CZ IT PT FR IE DK AT FI NL ES DE


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In 2008, a total o EUR 1 147.0 million residual paymentscorresponding to 200006 pre accession programmes werepaid to the 10 Member States (with no payments executedin Cyprus and Malta) which joined the EU in 2004, as wellas to Bulgaria and Romania.

Besides, compensations o respectively EUR 64.0 millionand EUR 142.7 million were paid to Bulgaria and Romaniain 2008.

Pie Chart 4 Pre accession and compensations 2008 EU expenditure by Member State(% EU, ranked by size)

PL: EUR 0.12 billion; 9.2 %

LT: EUR 0.03 billion; 2.6 %HU: EUR 0.01 billion; 1.1 %

SK: EUR 0.01 billion; 0.9 %

CZ: EUR 0.01 billion; 0.4 %

LV: EUR 0.004 billion; 0.3 %

EE:EUR 0.003 billion;0.3 %

SI: EUR 0.003 billion; 0.2 %

RO (pre-accession):EUR 0.74 billion; 55.0 %

RO (compensation):EUR 0.14 billion; 10.5 %

BG (compensation): EUR 0.06 billion; 4.7 %

BG (pre-accession): EUR 0.20 billion; 14.9 %

Bar Chart 4 Pre accession and compensations 2008 EU expenditure by Member State(% GNI, ranked by size)

0.9 %

0.6 %

0.3 %

0.0 %BG RO LT PL EE SK LV HU SI CZ

6. Compensation


Expenditure by Member State4. & 6. Pr acc ssi a dc mp sa i s


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59

As in 200107, Belgium was allocated in 2008 around 60 %o EU administrative expenditure and Luxembourg 18 %.Belgium and Luxembourg are the main recipients in bothnominal and relative terms.

Te high share or Belgium is notably due to the serviceso the European Parliament, Council and Commissionsituated in the city o Brussels.

Similarly, the high share o Luxembourg is notably due tothe European Parliament services (e.g. secretariat andtranslation), the Court o Justice o the European Commu-nities and the European Court o Auditors situated in thecity o Luxembourg.

Pie Chart 5 Administration 2008 EU expenditure by Member State (% EU, ranked by size)

Bar Chart 5 Administration 2008 EU expenditure by Member State (% GNI, ranked by size)

19 other MS:EUR 0.38 billion;5.8 %

BE: EUR 3.88 billion;59.8 %


FR:EUR 0.30 billion;4.7 %

ES:EUR 0.08 billion; 1.2 %

NL:EUR 0.08 billion;1.3 %DE:EUR 0.17 billion;2.6 %


IT:EUR 0.25 billion;3.9 %

Expenditure by Member State5. Admi is ra i

4.0 %

3.5 %

3.0 %

2.5 %

2.0 %

1.5 %

1.0 %

0.5 %

0.0 %LU BE MT EE CY LV BG LT IE SI DK HU IT AT FR PT SK EL NL RO CZ FI UK PL ES SE DE


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% m s

1 . C

1 b . C

2 . n c

3 . f

,

c ,

c

3 b . C

z

5 . a

p - c c &

c

t o t a l

BE 14.7 % 6.5 % 13.4 % 0.7 % 1.1 % 63.5 % 0.0 % 100 %

BG 4.9 % 23.0 % 43.2 % 0.1 % 0.3 % 1.1 % 27.3 % 100 %

CZ 3.0 % 68.8 % 26.8 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.7 % 0.2 % 100 %

DK 10.7 % 6.3 % 79.3 % 0.1 % 0.6 % 3.0 % 0.0 % 100 %

DE 11.2 % 27.5 % 59.0 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 1.5 % 0.0 % 100 %

EE 4.3 % 64.3 % 26.4 % 0.9 % 1.1 % 2.0 % 0.9 % 100 %

IE 4.7 % 10.4 % 82.5 % 0.0 % 0.3 % 2.1 % 0.0 % 100 %

EL 2.4 % 55.3 % 40.5 % 0.2 % 1.2 % 0.4 % 0.0 % 100 %

ES 5.2 % 35.1 % 58.6 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.6 % 0.0 % 100 %

FR 7.1 % 16.9 % 73.0 % 0.2 % 0.6 % 2.2 % 0.0 % 100 %

IT 8.1 % 35.8 % 52.5 % 0.3 % 0.9 % 2.5 % 0.0 % 100 %CY 10.5 % 36.4 % 42.2 % 1.9 % 4.1 % 4.9 % 0.0 % 100 %

LV 2.7 % 62.8 % 31.2 % 0.5 % 1.0 % 1.3 % 0.6 % 100 %

LT 15.9 % 55.6 % 22.3 % 1.3 % 1.0 % 0.8 % 3.0 % 100 %

LU 8.3 % 3.8 % 3.8 % 0.1 % 0.7 % 83.4 % 0.0 % 100 %

HU 3.7 % 59.4 % 34.0 % 0.6 % 0.8 % 0.8 % 0.7 % 100 %

MT 8.4 % 50.3 % 13.6 % 11.0 % 8.0 % 8.6 % 0.0 % 100 %

NL 22.1 % 29.6 % 42.5 % 1.4 % 0.8 % 3.7 % 0.0 % 100 %

AT 14.2 % 13.0 % 68.5 % 1.1 % 0.6 % 2.5 % 0.0 % 100 %

PL 1.8 % 60.3 % 34.8 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 1.6 % 100 %

PT 3.0 % 62.4 % 33.4 % 0.4 % 0.2 % 0.6 % 0.0 % 100 %RO 1.4 % 24.3 % 39.8 % 0.1 % 0.5 % 0.7 % 33.3 % 100 %

SI 9.8 % 51.4 % 31.3 % 1.6 % 3.3 % 1.9 % 0.7 % 100 %

SK 3.5 % 65.2 % 28.7 % 0.2 % 0.7 % 0.8 % 0.9 % 100 %

FI 17.8 % 16.2 % 63.6 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 1.6 % 0.0 % 100 %

SE 18.9 % 10.5 % 65.5 % 0.3 % 3.2 % 1.6 % 0.0 % 100 %

UK 14.1 % 28.7 % 52.0 % 0.1 % 2.6 % 2.3 % 0.0 % 100 %

eu 27 7.9 % 33.8 % 49.6 % 0.4 % 0.8 % 6.2 % 1.3 % 100 %

>>>

Breakdown by heading and by Member State (continued)



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Breakdown by heading and by Member State (continued)

% gni

1 . C

1 b . C

2 . n

c

3 . f

,

c ,

c

3 b . C

z

5 . a

p - c c &

c

t o t a l

BE 0.26 % 0.11 % 0.24 % 0.01 % 0.02 % 1.12 % 0.00 % 1.76 %

BG 0.14 % 0.66 % 1.25 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.03 % 0.79 % 2.89 %

CZ 0.05 % 1.21 % 0.47 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 1.77 %

DK 0.07 % 0.04 % 0.52 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.02 % 0.00 % 0.66 %

DE 0.05 % 0.12 % 0.26 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 0.44 %

EE 0.10 % 1.59 % 0.65 % 0.02 % 0.03 % 0.05 % 0.02 % 2.46 %

IE 0.06 % 0.14 % 1.07 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.03 % 0.00 % 1.30 %

EL 0.09 % 2.01 % 1.47 % 0.01 % 0.04 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 3.64 %

ES 0.06 % 0.40 % 0.66 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 1.13 %

FR 0.05 % 0.12 % 0.51 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.02 % 0.00 % 0.70 %

IT 0.05 % 0.24 % 0.35 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.02 % 0.00 % 0.67 %CY 0.09 % 0.30 % 0.35 % 0.02 % 0.03 % 0.04 % 0.00 % 0.83 %

LV 0.07 % 1.69 % 0.84 % 0.01 % 0.03 % 0.03 % 0.02 % 2.70 %

LT 0.58 % 2.01 % 0.81 % 0.05 % 0.04 % 0.03 % 0.11 % 3.62 %

LU 0.40 % 0.19 % 0.18 % 0.00 % 0.03 % 4.06 % 0.00 % 4.87 %

HU 0.08 % 1.23 % 0.70 % 0.01 % 0.02 % 0.02 % 0.02 % 2.07 %

MT 0.14 % 0.80 % 0.22 % 0.18 % 0.13 % 0.14 % 0.00 % 1.60 %

NL 0.08 % 0.11 % 0.16 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 0.38 %

AT 0.09 % 0.08 % 0.44 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 0.02 % 0.00 % 0.64 %

PL 0.04 % 1.32 % 0.76 % 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.04 % 2.19 %

PT 0.08 % 1.61 % 0.86 % 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.02 % 0.00 % 2.58 %RO 0.03 % 0.49 % 0.81 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.68 % 2.03 %

SI 0.12 % 0.65 % 0.39 % 0.02 % 0.04 % 0.02 % 0.01 % 1.26 %

SK 0.07 % 1.28 % 0.56 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.02 % 1.96 %

FI 0.13 % 0.12 % 0.45 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 0.71 %

SE 0.08 % 0.05 % 0.29 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 0.44 %

UK 0.06 % 0.11 % 0.21 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.00 % 0.39 %

eu 27 0.07 % 0.29 % 0.42 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.05 % 0.01 % 0.84 %

Non-EU 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.04 % 0.05 %

Other 0.01 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.02 %

Earmarked 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.02 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.03 %

t 0.08 % 0.29 % 0.44 % 0.00 % 0.01 % 0.06 % 0.06 % 0.94 %



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e p di ur1.1. e p di ur y h adi g

ReVenUeeU udg r v u i 2008

SeCtIon II

eu budget revenue in 2008Te budget o the European Union is nanced by ownresources and other revenue. In 2008, own resourcesamounted to EUR 111 169.1 million and other revenue toEUR 10 066.6 million (o which EUR 1 528.8 million corre-sponded to the surplus carried over rom the previous year).

When the Council and the Parliament approve the annualbudget, total revenue must equal total expenditure. Te to-tal amount needed to nance the budget ollows auto-matically rom the level o total expenditure. However,since out-turns o revenue and expenditure usually di er

rom the budgeted estimates, there is a balance o the exer-cise resulting rom the implementation. Normally, therehas been a surplus, which reduces Member States own re-sources payments in the subsequent year.

own resourCesTe basic rules regarding the system o own resources arelaid down in a Council decision adopted by unanimity inthe Council and rati ed by all Member States. PreviousCouncil Decision 2000/597/EC (ORD 2000) was replacedby Council Decision 2007/436/EC (ORD 2007). ORD 2007entered into orce on 1 March 2009 with retroactive e ectback to 1 January 2007 (own resources payments or 2008were thus made pursuant to ORD 2000, see herea er, butthe retroac

Fin Report 08 En

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