film as a primary source why we fight prelude to warstudythepast.com/ww2athome/whywefight.pdf · In...
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Introduction
In Prelude to War, the first film in Frank Capra's Why We Fight series, World War
II was depicted as a battle between the “slave world” and the “free world.”
America's enemies - Germany, Italy, and Japan - were portrayed as evil,
militaristic, dictatorial regimes that sought to enslave the world.
In contrast, America was portrayed as a just, peaceful, egalitarian society that
sought to liberate the world.
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Assignment
Your task is to evaluate Capra's characterization of the United States during
World War II. Do so, by discussing the following:
1) The ways in which the American government presented the war.
2) The degree to which the government lived up to its rhetoric of freedom.
3) The ways in which wartime realities often conflicted with the government's
idealistic presentation of the war.
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Prelude to War
World War II was a conflict in which . . .
Describe the slave world . . .
Describe the free world . . .
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How accurate is this story ???
Slave world?
- Tanaka Memorial (1927)
- Unification of Germany, Italy, and Japan
- Desire of Japanese to invade the U.S.
and march down Pennsylvania Avenue
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How accurate is this story ???
Free world? . . . Alternative Narratives
African Americans . . .
Japanese Americans . . .
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African Americans . . .
Discrimination
Segregation
Poll-tax
March on Washington
CORE and NAACP
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Less than six months after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, a little over half—144,583
out of 282,245—prospective war-related job openings were reserved for whites.
In Texas, African Americans were barred from over 9,000 out of the 17,435
openings (52 percent) for defense jobs.
In, Michigan the figure was 22,042 out of 26,904 (82 percent).
In Ohio, 29,242 out of 34,861 (84 percent).
In Indiana, 9,331 out of 9,979 (94 percent). Andrew Kersten, Race, Jobs, and the War: The FEPC in the Midwest, 1941-46 (Univ. of Illinois Press, 2000), 37.
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Southern Conference for Human Welfare
The National Committee to Abolish the Poll Tax
Virginia Durr
Jennings Perry
Palmer Weber
Irving Brant
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A. Philip Randolph | Executive Order 8802 (June 41) | FEPC
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Japanese Americans . . .
Discrimination
Internment
Loss of Property
Loss of Businesses
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Cat "Puffy" Signing Autographs
Original caption: Puffy Bares Paw in Bond Drive.
New York. Puffy, famed mystic cat, perched at
the bond booth in the Cafe Zanzibar tonight
where he autographed his picture for bond
purchasers as the Night Club 7th War Loan Drive
got underway. Here, the king of all cats looks up
at Ruth Rhind as she receives the bond she just
purchased from Rose Horowitz. Puffy "sold" over
$50,000 in war bonds in his first two hours as
bond salesman.
Photographed: May 14, 1945
Location Information: New York, New York, USA
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Japanese Americans . . .
19 February 1942, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066
Authority for the United States Army to exile nearly 120,000 persons of Japanese
birth or ancestry from their homes in California, Oregon, Washington, and other
West Coast areas and coop them up in what the government called assembly
centers and relocation centers, but which the president himself called
"concentration camps."
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Following evacuation orders, this store, at 13th and Franklin Streets, was closed. The
owner, a University of California graduate of Japanese descent, placed the I AM AN
AMERICAN sign on the store front on December 8, the day after Pearl Harbor.
Evacuees of Japanese ancestry will be housed in War Relocation Authority centers for
the duration. -- Photographer: Lange, Dorothea -- Oakland, California. 3/13/42
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Date: December 17, 1944
Location: San Francisco, California
This permit was issued to Matsuyo Murakami during World War II. It
authorizes her travel within the West Coast region, restricted to
Japanese Americans without written approval from the government.
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Man pointing to anti-Japanese sign Date: March 2, 1944
Location: Kent, Washington
G.S. Hantf, a barber from Kent, Washington, points to his sign. Photo taken
during resettlement period. (Info from Documentary Photo Aids caption)
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Japanese Americans . . .
The presidential commission investigating the incarceration in the 1980s judged that:
"The promulgation of Executive Order 9066 was not justified by military necessity,
and the decisions which followed from it--detention, ending detention and ending
exclusion--were not driven by analysis of military conditions. The broad historical
causes which shaped these decisions were race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure
of political leadership. Widespread ignorance of Japanese Americans contributed to a
policy conceived in haste and executed in an atmosphere of fear and anger at Japan.
A grave injustice was done to American citizens and resident aliens of Japanese
ancestry who, without individual review or other probative evidence against them,
were excluded, removed, and detained by the United States during World War II."
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