filariasis
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Transcript of filariasis
FilariasisBy; Amani Ramadan.
Al zahraa
Atef .
Alaa abd El Hakeem.
worm DiseaseWuchereria bancrofti.
. Bancroftian filariasis
Brugia malayi.
Loa loa Loiasis.
Onchocercus volvulus. Onchocercosis.
Mansonella perstans. Mansonellasis.
Mansonella ozzardi .
Wuchereria bancrofti
tropical regions. . far east
Egypt : Rasheed, Kerdasa,
Sharkia, Menoufiya
( Ashmoon ,menoof )
:Geographical distribution
Habitat:Vessels of lymph nodes and lymph
•Lower limb , external genitalia , trunk .
DH:• Man
IM: Culex pipiens ,Ades ,anopheles
Culex pipiensAedes
Anopheles
:Brugia malayi
Far east ; Malaysia,
India , china.
Habitat; Lymphatic tissue of upper
limb and mamary glands.
IH: Mansonia , Aedes.
RH; Monkeys ,cats.
Life cycle:
Bancroftian filariasis
Def:• Pathological lesions occur
in the lymphatic system , due to the presence of adult worms(living or dead) but not due to
microfilariae .
symptoms start3_12months after
infection.
phases
ObestructiveTropical
pulmonary eosinophilia
Acute inflammatory
Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic phase;
In endemic areas ,patient with
microfilaria with no symptoms .
Acute inflammatory phase ;
Attacks of lymphang itis and
lymphadenitis
Due to;
toxic products, mechanical irritation,
allergic reactions, 2ry bacterial infection.
Symptoms ;
Systemic ;
Local lymphangitis. (affected lymph vessels of leg are( raised ,red , swollen tender streaks.)
Lymphadenitis. )legs , epi didymis, tests , scrotaum,
Spermatic cord , vulva (
HeadacheFever
TROPICAL PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA:
1 .no lymphatic pathology.
2 .no microfilaria in blood . but appears in lung.
3 .Lung opacities and cough and wheeze .
4 .Marked esinophilia , IGE
OBSTRUCTIVE PHASE;
CAUSES; 1.warms.
2.hyperplasia. 3.stenosis. 4 .fibrosis.
EFFECTS;
1.Dilated,varicosed lymph vessels . 2.Oedema.
3.rupture of distended vessels. 4.Eliphantiasis.
Chylo thorax
Chylous ascitis Chyluria
Elephantiasis >Results of complex immune
responses(5_10 years)
1 .Thickening of affected part.
2 .Hard ,dense , non piting and non elastic skin .
3 .Folded,fissured skin 2ry
bacterial infection .
4.No microfilaria in blood.
Diagnosis ;
*Clinical.*Laboratory.
1 -Blood examination; - Wet mount preparation .
- stained thick and thin.blood film
microfilaria
_Concentration techniques:
- Modifiedknott”s method.
- Pandit s test
-Diethylcarbamazine provocative test.
2-Urine examination; urine sample of chyluria+ 2ml ether
>>>centrifugation and examination under microscope.
3-X rays for calcified adult.
4-Aspiration of lymphnodes.
5-Immunodiagnosis;(ELISA,IFAT,CFT,IHAT) detecting antibodies using Dirofilaria immitis antigen.
6-PCR.7-Eosinophilia(6-26%). Filaria of dog
Loa loa
Cameroon
Habitat: cojunctiva ,
eyelid ,loose subcutaneous tissue.
IH: Chrysops fly ( golden
eye fly)
RH ; Monkeys , rodents .
Life cycle
Loiasis; -Irritation and itching in cornea.
- localized calabar swelling; 1 -allergic reaction.
2-appears rapidly for 2-3 days then disappear.egg(Hard, painful, non piting) 3-Hen.
- Encephalitis .
- Arthritis.
Diagnosis; clinical;
1-Observation of adult worm under conjunctiva or over the nose bridge .
2-History of calaber swelling .
Laboratory; 1-Demonstration of microfilaria in blood at
day time. 2-Serological tests .
3-Esinophilia .
Onchocerus volvulus
Tropical Africa ,Sudan , Yemen, Saudi arabia , central America
Habitat- Subcutaneous tissue over bony brominances.
- the dermis, subcutaneous nodules ,all chamber of the eye and they are non periodic
DH ; Man.
IH ; Black flies ,simulium .
Onchocercosis; liver blindness
Cutaneous lesions-Onchocerca nodules.
-severe dermatitis and intense itching over
nodules . -enlarged lymph node in
femoral triangle.
Eye lesions;•- River blindness
•- Keratitis•- Iridocyclitis
•- Blindness•- Degeerative changes
-optic neuritis
Diagnosis; Clinical.
Laboratory; 1 -Direct;
- Microfilaria in ;1-nodules. 2-eye chambers. 3 -cornea.
- Histopathological examination.- Mazzotti test.
2 -Indirect;- Esinophelia20%.
- PCR, serological test.- Intra dermal test ( DIROFILARIA antigen) .
Mansonella PerstansMansonella ozzardi Def;
human filarial nematode, transmitted by tiny blood sucking flies
called midges.
Disease; Mansonelliasis. serous cavity filariasis.
-asymptomatic.- -angioedema.
- pruritus, Eosinophilia- -fever. -
---headaches .--arthralgias.
--neurologic manifestation.
Central America, caribbean
Diagnosis;-Examination of blood samples for identification of
microfilariae of M. perstans, and M. ozzardi based
This diagnosis can be made on the basis of the morphology of the nuclei distribution in the tails of the microfilariae
Mansonella perstans
Treatment
1 .Di-ethyl-carbamazine citrate; drug of choice. 2mg/kg daily for 2-3 weeks.
2 .Iver mectin; 200-300 ug/kg as single dose repeated after 2 months for4years.
3.Neostibosan; 0.14gm/kg for 5-7 weeks.
4.General treatment;
5 .Surgical treatment .
Pressure bandage
Anti biotics
Prevention and control
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