What is the 3rd World? Why is it

important?

TODAY’S TOPICS ABOUT THE 3rd WORLD:1.CIA2.Iran3.Egypt4.Hungary5.Cuba

Winning loyalty of 3rd world

important to Ike

US depended on their natural

resources & markets

#1.

Possible ally against

Soviet expansion

#2.

3rd world resented US wealth

US won friends with $$$ (improve farms,

schools, & medical care)

Both created in 1947 (National Security Act)

National Security Council

Central Intelligence

Agency

Formal definition: Performs functions &

duties related to intelligence affecting national security as the NSC will direct

Spying & covert

operations

Congress permits CIA to spend what they want without telling

anyone but its director

1949

Assassination plots

Hire secret armies

Bribe overseas politicians

IRAN

CIA’s 1st overthrow

attempt

Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh

70 year old PM of Iran

1951

Iran voted to nationalize

its oil fields...

...which were controlled by

a British company

GB shut down oil

refineries & boycotted

Iranian oil (urged

others to do the same)

Iran’s economy:

BAD

What if Mossadegh & Iran look to

the Soviet Union for help?

“Operation AJAX”

We helped put someone else in office!

CIA sent in team that helped

overthrow PM Mossadegh

Shah Mohammed

Reza Pahlavi“Pro-West”

(gave control of oil fields back to

Western companies)

Egypt & The Suez Crisis GB had given control of

Egypt to Egyptian nationalists

1952

1954

Egypt wanted to control the Suez canal,

(links Mediterranean & Red seas)

Aswan Dam

Egypt wanted to build dam

on Nile (electricity &

jobs)US was going to

help fund it, but it fell through

EGYPT...Made an

arms deal with the Soviets

Recognized Communist

China

Seized the Suez Canal (July ‘56)

Oct ‘56France, GB, & Israel sent

troops to Egypt to try & take

back the canal

US did not support this

Because we didn’t want

Egypt to end up in

Communist Bloc

The UN stepped in & persuaded

those involved to returned it to

Egypt

… they were moved

closer to the Soviets!

“US has right to aid any

country in ME that is

threatened by Communist

aggression.”

Hungarian army & protestors ousted

Soviet-controlled gov’t

1956

USSR entered Hungary & restored communist

gov’t

Let’s watch 2 clips on the Suez War &

the Hungarian

Revolution!

1958

Fidel Castro overthrew

gov’t of Cuba

Established a ruthless, pro-Soviet

dictatorship

Bahía de Cochinos

Plan hatched under Ike, but Kennedy was pres.

when it took place

Who? Exiled Cubans in Miami trained by CIA

Why? Spark popular uprising

against Castro & force him out of power

What? Invade Cuba

4 / 17 / 61No uprising occurred & most were captured

1400 poorly trained & ill-supplied

Cubans landed

Soviets won PR war in

Bay of Pigs invasion

They took opportunity to arm Cuba, which

caused the . . .

Oct ‘62

U.S. spy planes saw missile sites in Cuba under construction

Bomb missile sites &

invade Cuba (Too much of

a risk)

#1.

Negotiation (Too much time

for Soviets)#2.

Naval blockade#3.

Removethe missilesfrom Cuba!

Kennedy insisted...

180 warships

B-52 Bombers

with nuclear

weapons

The world waited

Worldwide military

forces on alert

For 13 days, US & USSR faced off in game of nuclear “chicken”

•On Oct. 28, the Soviets blinked!

•Kruschchev

agreed to remove missiles •US missiles in

Turkey?